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This paper discusses the problem of hotel room sales, emphasizing the allocation of a specific amount of rooms for predefined market segments using the extension of the Expected Marginal Seat Revenue model, which can be perceived as one of the crucial activities in modern revenue management. The proposed extension of this model can improve data-based decision-making quality and the service provider's overall performance. This model uses stochastic non-linear programming to solve the problem of room allocation for the market segment and deals with the booking limits to help decide whether to accept or decline the booking request based on the behaviour of selected market segments or the expected current state of available capacities and other elements. To extend the model to fit better the managerial decision-making, the factors of no-shows and cancellations are implemented. The proposed model should be used to strengthen the quality of revenue management-focused decisions mainly focused on dynamic pricing, and the room allocation is omitted. The model respects the need for a more comprehensive perception of the problem and contains data-based factors like quantifying customer (or customer segment) behaviour and no-shows and cancellations that affect the selling strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. A feeding trial was conducted to measure the responses of Japanese quail to dietary valine. In total, 280 Japanese quail were randomly assigned to eight treatments giving seven replicates (cage – 35 cm length, 35 cm width × 15 cm high). Experimental diets were formulated using a dilution technique to give a range dietary Val concentration (1.97 to 9.85 g/kg). 2. Feed intake was maximised at 6.66 g Val/kg and above, but declined linearly below this level. Body weight reached a maximum of 170 g on 6.66 g Val/kg. Egg output peaked at 9.5 ± 0.3 g/bird/d with an egg weight of 11 g for the 6.66 g Val/kg diet. Rate of laying for the group that received the feed with the lowest Val content was close to zero (1.40%), but egg weight on this treatment was 70% of the maximum egg weight. Valine required per gram of egg output was estimated as 10.6 mg/g, whereas the maintenance requirement was 159 mg/kg body weight. Val required for maximum egg output was estimated in 154 mg/d. 3. The marginal cost of Val in Brazil currently is negative below a level of 8.0 g/kg feed, which is above that required for maximum egg output. Consequently, Val cannot be regarded as a limiting amino acid currently, as the optimum economic intake exceeds the requirements of all the individuals in the population. The price of a quail egg weighing 11 g in Brazil at the time of the experiment was R$ 0.021. Even if the marginal revenue for these eggs was doubled to 0.4 c/g, there would be no reason to increase the intake of Val. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revenue, cost, tuition, and scholarship data at private liberal arts colleges from 2003–2013 are used to estimate how each college's net revenue per student varies with student enrollment. Our empirical specification assumes that colleges simultaneously pick their optimal net tuition and cost of instruction. The estimates allow us to identify the enrollment level that maximizes the return on the college's provision of educational services. Thirty‐seven percent of the colleges have enrollments within one standard deviation of their profit maximizing enrollment. Another 11% are more than one standard deviation above the profit maximizing level; they increase access to students but not revenue. Compared to the profit maximizing colleges, the institutions with enrollments beyond their profit maximum have stronger endowments and enroll more low‐income students. Although no schools were below their shut‐down enrollment, 13% were within one standard deviation of their minimum enrollment and may be vulnerable to tuition revenue shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to compare the cost of production with purchase prices to analyze the farmers' situation in terms of the opportunities they have to sell their produce at market prices and not to lose them. The maximization of profit is based on a model of a milking sheep farm, to which all sheep farms in the same region in the analyzed region should aim. The production of forage (especially grain) in this region is limited, which is why the expenses for forage are the greatest in production for both products – milk and lamb growth. The cost analysis indicated that it was lower in some of the farms, yet close to the sale price, while in the larger portion of the farms (in all three groups), it was higher. The developed model for profit maximisation in the production of sheep’s milk led us towards the following parameters: milk price of BGN 1.40 per litre and amount of produced milk between 42,000 and 45,000 litres, in which case the profit was maximal per both methods.

The problem of optimal planning of operation modes and main equipment of combined heat and power (CHP) in the wholesale electricity market. Describes a software package developed to solve the described problem. Understands the principle of the software system and its application.

The purpose of this study is to compare the cost of production with purchase prices to analyze the farmers' situation in terms of the opportunities they have to sell their produce at market prices and not to lose them. The maximization of profit is based on a model of a milking sheep farm, to which all sheep farms in the same region in the analyzed region should aim. The production of forage (especially grain) in this region is limited, which is why the expenses for forage are the greatest in production for both products - milk and lamb growth. The cost analysis indicated that it was lower in some of the farms, yet close to the sale price, while in the larger portion of the farms (in all three groups), it was higher. The developed model for profit maximisation in the production of sheep's milk led us towards the following parameters: milk price of BGN 1.40 per litre and amount of produced milk between 42,000 and 45,000 litres, in which case the profit was maximal per both methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]