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Introduction: Past research into the effectiveness of multi-agency public protection arrangements (MAPPA) in reducing reoffending it limited. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate proven reoffending patterns forMAPPAmanaged individuals. Methods: Proven reoffending for 39,501 MAPPA managed individuals was investigated by (1) examining patterns in the timing and frequency of proven reoffending for MAPPA managed individuals; (2) examining 1-, 3-, and 5-year proven reoffending patterns of MAPPA managed individuals by MAPPA category, age, and gender; and (3) comparing crime harm levels and recall to custody for MAPPA managed individuals pre- and post-MAPPA adoption. Results: Taken together, our findings show that proven reoffending rates for individualsmanaged under MAPPA are substantially lower than those reported in proven reoffending statistics for England and Wales. Discussion: Our results suggest that MAPPA is making a positive contribution to a managing individuals convicted of sexual and violent offenses. Additionally, our findings provide the best evidence to date that MAPPA management may also be effective at reducing less serious offenses which do not typically involve immediate removal from society. These findings are considered in light of their theoretical and practical implications while potential limitations and avenues for future research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionPast research into the effectiveness of multi-agency public protection arrangements (MAPPA) in reducing reoffending it limited. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate proven reoffending patterns for MAPPA managed individuals.MethodsProven reoffending for 39,501 MAPPA managed individuals was investigated by (1) examining patterns in the timing and frequency of proven reoffending for MAPPA managed individuals; (2) examining 1-, 3-, and 5-year proven reoffending patterns of MAPPA managed individuals by MAPPA category, age, and gender; and (3) comparing crime harm levels and recall to custody for MAPPA managed individuals pre- and post-MAPPA adoption.ResultsTaken together, our findings show that proven reoffending rates for individuals managed under MAPPA are substantially lower than those reported in proven reoffending statistics for England and Wales.DiscussionOur results suggest that MAPPA is making a positive contribution to a managing individuals convicted of sexual and violent offenses. Additionally, our findings provide the best evidence to date that MAPPA management may also be effective at reducing less serious offenses which do not typically involve immediate removal from society. These findings are considered in light of their theoretical and practical implications while potential limitations and avenues for future research are outlined.

The paper proposes a semiotic analysis of Cityscapes by Valeriana Berchicci, a digital museum of memory of Rome hosted on a permanent and interactive online platform that maps the city through oral narratives collected by the artist and the users themselves. The goal is to test whether the digital platform placed at the service of the museum-archive can constitute a qualitatively innovative way of musealization and memory reprocessing. At the heart of the project is the relationship between representation of urban space, memory and artistic practice, investigated in particular from the perspective of the concepts of museum and his objects, spatial and temporal coordinates, the use of voice in a figurative way, and the intersubjective dimension.

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This article introduces the concept of Concise Clinical Transcription as a method to condense the therapy session. The Concise Clinical Transcription is organized according to a simple reading structure made up of two sections: an information section and a content section. The first section includes the information framework of the session: date, number, title, type and lenght. In the content section, the highlighter areas are referred to a concise summary of the clinical session: setting, content, subjects, therapeutical moves, timing. The Concise Clinical Transcription fields of application are the clinical area -- particulary for what concerns supervising actions --, teaching and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recensiamo qui due raccolte di saggi: Giulio Iacoli (a cura di), Discipline del paesaggio. Milano- Udine: Mimesis, 2012, pp. 239; Marina Guglielmi e Giulio Iacoli (a cura di), Piani sul mondo. Le mappe nell’immaginazione letteraria. Macerata: Quodlibet, 2012, pp. 197. Usciti a poca distanza l’uno dall’altro, entrambi i volumi intendono operare una ricognizione complessiva delle riflessioni teoriche intorno al paesaggio e alla sua rappresentazione, proponendo un approccio inter- e transdisciplinare.

Estudio del desarrollo de tres ornamentos del séfer Torá o rollo de la Ley detradición sefardí: la faja, banda estrecha y alargada que sujeta el rollo de la Ley dispuestoen torno a sus ‘amudim; el cendal, lienzo protector que cubre la cara posterior del perggamino;y la capa, manto exterior del séfer Torá. Estos accesorios textiles tienen su origenen la mappá/miṭpáḥat talmúdica, una pieza cuadrada de paño usada en la antigüedad paraenvolver el séfer Torá, complemento que dio origen a los accesorios europeos para la protteccióny adorno de aquél. Mientras que en las comunidades de tradición asquenasí sólose utilizaba la faja y la capa, la originalidad de la tradición sefardí se muestra en el cendalque cubre el rollo, de igual anchura a la del pergamino con el que se enrolla, siendo usualsu presencia en la tradición sefardí hasta la actualidad. Aunque faja y capa son comunesa las tradiciones europea y sefardí, es en esta última donde adquieren rasgos visuales úniccos.Uno de ellos es el uso de paños preciosos, principalmente brocados o bordados conhilo de oro. Tales antecedentes espléndidos no sirvieron de acicate para el desarrollo deinscripciones dedicatorias, pero sí animaron la reutilización de valiosas piezas textiles quehabían servido previamente para otros usos de la vida cotidiana. Este estudio está basadoen la documentación de objetos ceremoniales de diversas colecciones, en textos rabínicosy en investigaciones de campo en sinagogas de tradición sefardí..

The cities are becoming more and more events, space for cultural events, major exhibitions, International sporting events, political conventions. An emblematic case is represented by the proliferation of cultural festivals in cities and territories of all sizes. What is relationship between these events and the city? Far from being simple headquarters and exhibition places of cultural venues, cities become active participants of the event organized to coincide with it. What effect produce these forms of hybridization between city and cultural event? How does the city make sense? And how does it contribute in "Making the city"? Through a specific case study, this essay will reflect on how the event organization constitutes a new form of representation of the city and the territory, as well as a new form of city, concentrating in itself material and immaterial, morphology and discourse, system and process.

This article analyses the use of criminal justice measures aimed at the prevention of sexual offending across England and Wales. Specifically, it focuses on measures such as the ‘sex offenders register’ and sexual offences prevention orders (SOPOs) and the use of sanctions for their breach. Following a discussion of the apparent tensions between individual rights and public protection measures we present an original analysis of data collated from Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) area reports over a nine-year period. Our analysis reveals considerable variation between areas in both the risk-level allocation of cases, the imposition of SOPOs and sanctions for non-compliance with MAPPA. We argue that these disparities raise issues concerning both the rights and autonomy of those subjected to public protection measures and highlight the need for further detailed research into MAPPA practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the ramifications of developments in surveillance policies and technologies for information sharing cultures in a “public protection routine”. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper uses a mixed theoretical, legal and policy-based approach to inform this exploration of the ramifications of developments in surveillance policies and technologies. Findings – This conceptual paper concludes that developments in surveillance policies and technologies as part of the “public protection routine” will result in a damaging and hasty culture of “share or be damned” unless a more careful approach to new information sharing approaches is developed. Otherwise, an increasing bureaucratisation of risk management through surveillance will lead to a disregard for the fine balance between public protection, procedural rights and privacy. Originality/value – The originality and value of this conceptual paper is considerable – as some of the case studies discussed are very recent ones, and ones that represent an acceleration of the problems within the “public protection routine” which this paper seeks to unpick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working with people convicted of extremist offences who have either offended, or are perceived to have offended, for ideological reasons − whether supportive of a political or religious identity or for the rights of animals − presents challenges to the supervising probation officer. Despite it being impossible for a service user to prove categorically that they are no longer supportive of ideological views that advocate harmful behaviour, there can still be an expectation from offender managers, MAPPAs, Parole Boards and offenders themselves, that evaluating enduring sympathies with harmful groups forms the main part of risk and offender management. How then can service users and probation staff work productively together, without an offender manager being excessively naive or collusive, or the offender receiving supervision reliant on disproportionate, and possibly counter-productive, levels of control? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Social scientists, and geographers in particular, have long been interested in examining spatial patterns of offending in order to generate a “geography” of crime and criminality. This paper examines what value, if any, a geographical approach to the study of sexual offending might offer. Utilising published official data from England and Wales it presents for the first time geographical analyses of the registration, risk assessment and management of Registered Sexual Offenders (RSOs) across 42 Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangement (MAPPA) areas. In doing so it considers and evaluates the methodological issues pertaining to the use of such data and such a geographical approach. We conclude that geographical interpretations of both the incidence of RSOs and the rates of risk allocations between MAPPA areas provide valuable insights and raise new questions about the way in which RSOs are managed nationally and are thus worthy of further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is increasingly accepted that the change process underpinning the intended outcomes of community supervision, namely community safety, social rehabilitation and reintegration, cannot be achieved without the service user’s active involvement and participation in the process. Their consent, compliance and cooperation is therefore necessary to achieving these outcomes and yet, when it comes to very high risk sexual and violent offenders, in the pursuit of community safety, control oriented, preventative practices predominate over change focused, participatory approaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 professionals and 26 service users to explore how, under the auspices of MAPPA, the supervisory process is enacted and experienced, and the extent and means through which it affects people’s willingness to accept or invest in not only the process but also the purpose of supervision. It is argued that how the process of community supervision is experienced and what it comprises not only shapes the outcomes of supervision but also the nature of consent, compliance and cooperation. We conclude by advocating for more participatory processes and practices to promote service users’ active engagement in, and ownership of, the process of change, and in that, the realisation of both the normative dimensions and intended outcomes of community supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Speaking of literature and geography today means clarifying and rebuilding ideologies and speeches inscribed in space. Geography - and its related discourses - implies the activation of a number of concepts such as knowledge, power, science, discursive formations, gaze, episteme. Each of these terms would be meaningless without geographical contextualization.

Il Geoportale della Provincia di Treviso, vincitore anch'esso del Premio Geoportali d'Italia 2009, nasce come uno strumento di consultazione, scambio e cessione dei dati che si muove all'interno di un unico riferimentonormativo: la direttiva INSPIRE. Tutto ciò in un contesto dove l'utilizzo di software Open Source ha permesso unsignificativo risparmio garantendo comunque il soddisfacimento delle esigenze di pubblicazione e di integrazione con le dotazioni del Sistema Informativo Territoriale. Integration of topographical and cadastral map database:an experimental project in Brescia, Italy The new requirements of the Public Administration and the Agenzia del Territorio converge in search of an increasingly high level of synergy in the data exchange and interoperabil-ity in updating and management of spatial databases. The Carta Unica (DB Topographic - Land Registry) is a candidate as an ultimate goal of this techno-cultural path. The Servizio Cartografico and GIS in the Province of Brescia, in collabora-tion with the Politecnico di Milano, conducted an experiment aimed at establishing a procedure that could lead to interac-tion of the information of the DB Topographical-Catasto and laying the foundations for the birth of the Carta Unica. The ex-periment was conducted in the Municipality of Collebeato.

Members of the late Roman élite commemorated the holding of certain offices by the distribution of ivory diptychs. This paper attempts to show how diptychs came to play this rôle; that they were not originally distributed by consuls but by any official who provided games; that they had nothing to do with the ecclesiastical diptychs that are first heard of at about the same time; that the custom spread from east to west, not from west to east; and that the earliest western consular diptychs are not illustrated with scenes from games because there were no multi-day consular games at Rome before the fifth century. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article reports on the observations of a combined level 2 and 3 Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Committee (MARAC) over a 12 month period. It considers agency representation and discusses this in respect to attendance and the nature of relationships between representatives. The key findings are structured around the experiences of three identifiable groups of panel members and leads to a discussion of how the status of agencies and the informal roles adopted by the different members are defined by power relationships based on possession of knowledge. These relationships reflect cultural traditions in working with high risk offenders, but are also shaped by statutory responsibilities placed on different agencies within the MARAC forum. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recent research indicates a positive correlation between Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) and reduction in reoffending. Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements were introduced in 2001 to assist with the supervision of dangerous offenders by improving collaboration between agencies involved in their management. Since then there has been research into the value of MAPPA, but this has focused on offenders in the community. Many patients detained in psychiatric hospitals have committed MAPPA eligible offences and current Government guidance does not assist those concerned in the care and treatment of this small but significant group. In this pilot study this quantitative research looks at the views of professionals in relation to MAPPA and identified that a revision of the National MAPPA Guidance to take account of the specific issues for offender-patients would be helpful to staff who manage them and that additional training to those staff may also be of benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses contemporary professional understandings of the UK Government’s attitudes to and policies around the management of child sexual abusers. This study is based upon empirical qualitative research with a range of professionals' working in or around the area of child sexual abuse (practitioners, academics and members of the media) (n = 28). The research used semi-structured interviews which were interpreted through qualitative (thematic) content analysis. Results indicate that the professionals sampled believe that the government misperceives child sexual abuse, focusing on risk reduction and public protection rather than treatment and reintegration. The participants also argued that although there are currently some good policies and intra-agency relationships around child sexual abuse in the UK, these could be built upon. The majority of the participants were against the public disclosure of sex offender information, believing that it is not a realistic approach in reducing the sexual abuse of children and therefore it should not be implemented in the UK. These findings suggest that current and future policy on child sexual abuse should be grounded, realistic and not be populist or punitive in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper takes as its starting point a definition of islands that goes beyond geographical isolation to consider islands as social constructs insofar as they reflect feelings of isolation, separateness, distinctiveness and otherness. Nowhere is this truer than in the case of the 'dry' island, an island that although once surrounded by water has long since lost its physical isolation due to changes in sea level and drainage patterns. Taking the Isle of Ely in the fens of East Anglia in the United Kingdom between AD 1200-1600 as a case study, and utilising archaeological evidence for diet and for the local Ely ware pottery, it is possible to reconstruct a cognitive mappa, which describes the perception of islandness amongst the island's medieval inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Community forensic mental health teams (CFMHTs) have evolved as part of the widening spectrum of community-based mental health services, to manage those people with mental illness who pose a risk of violence to others. These services are relatively new and the evidence base for their effectiveness is yet to be convincingly established. Two service models have been described – the integrated model where the forensic specialists work within the community mental health team, and the parallel model, where they work as a separate team, alongside generic services. CFMHT staff accept referrals from other mental health services and criminal justice services (CJS), working as a link between mental health and CJS. They offer risk assessments, advise on managing risk, accept patients for forensic case management, offer specialist treatments to reduce risk of violence and advise on appropriate placements in secure conditions. They manage the risk of violence in those with severe mental illness and patients with personality disorders and sexual offenders. The development of community treatment orders (CTOs) and public protection issues are likely to dominate discussions of managing patients who have a risk of violence. There is a need for evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of these services, as well as ensuring high levels of specialist skills and competence through training to offer interventions to reduce risk. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A few high-profile murders by released prisoners, subject to parole and life licences, have drawn governmental and public attention to the process of the parole board decision to release an offender and the quality of supervision under licence by probation areas. Reports by the Chief Inspector of Probation indicate that, in some parts of the parole process, too little attention is paid by prison and probation staff and parole board members to issues of risk of harm, static risk, instrumental violence, conditions of release and the thoroughgoing end-to-end management of prisoners. This article discusses these issues and examines some of the changes in parole responsibilities since the Criminal Justice Act 2003. In particular, it looks at the impact of recoils to custody following a breach of licence requirements and extended sentence recalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the authors discuss the contribution of a forensic community team to a multi-agency public protection panel (MAPPP) held in a borough within the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust. The clinical service provision was audited over a 21-month period between October 2001 and July 2003. The purpose of the audit was to evaluate the clinical demand of MAPPP liaison and determine resource implications. This audit identified a number of important issues, which are discussed, including the crucial role and contribution of mental health teams, the additional burden on clinical teams, the absence of increased resources, the lack of protocols and guidelines, ambiguity about the ‘duty to co-operate’, poor integration of criminal justice system members' views about risk with a forensic mental health perspective, and lack of co-operation of non-patient offenders with mental health teams. A challenging task that faces mental health teams is how to integrate forensic services effectively and ethically with the criminal justice system in such a manner that dangerous offenders can be managed with safety and dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]