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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking into account the freedom to contract, private autonomy and the social function of the contract, the main objective of this study is to clarify how civil liability can be Applied in cases Where there is contractul injury and the claim by the theory of force majure. Pointing out the formative elements fo civil liability in a general scope, to later specify what is their impact within the theories of contractual unpredictability. Using the hypotheticaldeductive methodology, through the analysis of information extracted from electronic sites and databases related to civil liability, unpredictability theory, force majure and international contracts, specified in scientific doctrines and articles collected from scientific journals, as well as theses and law dissertations. The result presented by the research concerns the importance of civil liability in contractual resolution, whether positive or negative, as well as the assessment of guilt and causal nexus as characteristics of the right to indemnity and its application in contractual injury in cases covered by force majure. In addition, the article will comprehensively punctuate the understanding of the application of Force Majure theory at the international level between Commom Law and Civil Law and the the conceptual distinction regarding the Hardship clause for the international community. The current study points as the main contributions the importance of civil liability for the economic contractual imbalance in cases Where the theory of unpredictability and force majure is used, demonstrating the applicability of the causal link and the appropriateness of indemnity in these cases. Moreover, to signal how the Hardship clause and the Force Majure clause are expected to be applied internationally through the view of different jurisdictions in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the application of lex mercatoria to Brazilian Commercial Law, that is, how it can use this important source of International Law. The research is hypothetical-deductive, descriptive and bibliographic. The lex mercatoria, a phenomenon that goes back to the medieval period, although it has undergone changes and evolved over time, does not find, in doctrine, a unique concept. There are those who argue that it is an autonomous legal order while others advocate it being an alternative to domestic law and, still, those who argue that it is a complementary rule. In spite of the classification / definition adopted, the fact is that lex mercatoria plays an important role, mainly complementing domestic law, given the impossibility of legal norms to accompany the evolution of commercial relations, especially at the international level. Therefore, customs and uses can be used by the judge in deciding the specific case. Amid this scenario, a question arouses interest. It concerns the application of the lex mercatoria, source of international law, to commercial relations, that is, governed by commercial law, and not restricted to the international sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Campo Jurídico is the property of Revista Campo Juridico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O intuito deste resumo é apresentar para discussão estudo científico em desenvolvimento, que trata da análise das implicações que a Lei n°. 13.709/2019, conhecida por Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD), com vigência a partir de agosto de 2020, redundará para os pequenos negócios, notadamente micro e pequenas empresas, já que o texto legal não prevê diferenciações no tratamento conforme o porte da empresa, mas apenas a possibilidade (art. 55-J, XVIII) da Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD) editar normas, orientações e procedimentos simplificados para que ME's e EPP's possam se adequar à lei. A LGPD, para regulamentar questões referentes aos dados pessoais eletronicamente armazenados, estabelece novos paradigmas de tratamento destes elementos, impondo obrigações aos empresários cujos custos de implementação podem impactar negativamente na lucratividade dos negócios de pequeno porte, ao ponto de fomentar o descumprimento da norma. Assim é que, a partir de uma leitura do tema sob a Análise Econômica do Direito (AED) e a obtenção de dados decorrentes de pesquisa de campo a realizar-se com empresários do setor de locação de veículos automotores no estado do Paraná, buscar-se-á debater se à luz dos custos de transação como determinados por Ronald Coase, esta nova legislação atingirá a eficiência que os legisladores dela esperam, ou quais serão as disposições que precisam ser adequadas à realidade econômico-financeira a serem se haverá a necessidade de novos parâmetros a serem estabelecidos em favor das pequenas e médias empresas, sem que a proteção aos dados dos cidadãos seja negativamente impactada. Afinal, conforme se depreende de diversos estudos econômicos das normas, o indivíduo agirá almejando a maximização dos seus interesses econômicos, de modo que a obrigação pela adoção de sistemas e métodos que impliquem ao empresariado rotinas e custos que ele não vislumbre os riscos de suas omissões, possivelmente ensejará o descumprimento da norma, cujos reflexos poderão ser observados tanto no campo privado - fragilidade no tratamento dos dados pessoais -, quanto no público - aumento da litigiosidade das relações, implicando em maiores custos sociais e econômicos à coletividade. A partir do método analítico-dedutivo, se buscará enfrentar o tema sob a ótica da AED, almejando responder se os impactos da LGPD nos pequenos negócios de locação de veículos automotores no estado do Paraná, onde há mais de 800 empreendimentos do setor (ABLA, 2019), poderá de alguma forma prejudicar a eficiência da norma neste setor específico da economia e quais podem ser os caminhos viáveis a serem adotados pelo Estado para garantir o cumprimento da norma de forma irrestrita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A Medida Provisória n° 881, editada em 30 de abril de 2019, ficou popularmente conhecida como a "Medida Provisória da Liberdade Econômica" e trouxe viés economicamente liberal no impacto de relevo a institutos jurídicos amplamente utilizados no Direito Empresarial. Ocorre que, sabe-se da debilitada participação da comunidade jurídica no debate sobre as alterações e seus possíveis efeitos, bem como questiona-se intensamente a legitimidade do instrumento utilizado para a edição da matéria, extremamente complexa, que poderia ter sido consolidada por meio do procedimento legislativo ordinário. Isto pois, o risco da sua perda de eficácia, seja pela rejeição expressa ou tácita, coloca em xeque a segurança jurídica das relações pactuadas no período de sua vigência. Sendo assim, trata-se dos novos aspectos introduzidos pela MP 881/2019, especialmente no que concerne ao tema das startups, que despertam ambiente de sucesso por meio da criação de novos produtos e serviços em setores relevante, assim como o da mobilidade urbana e o mercado financeiro, na busca por inovação. A MP 881/2019 buscou a criação de um ambiente favorável ao empreendedorismo, de modo a promover alterações legislativas com o objetivo de simplificar e desburocratizar a criação de novas empresas. Utilizou como base o inciso iv do caput e parágrafo único do art. 170, bem como o art. 174, ambos da Constituição Federal, estabelecendo normas de proteção à livre iniciativa e a liberdade econômica, além de consolidar novas diretrizes ao papel regulador do Estado. A metodologia empregada segue o padrão da revisão bibliográfica com a análise das últimas notícias relacionadas ao tema, dada sua atualidade, para o acompanhamento dos seus efeitos. Os resultados que se pretende atingir com o presente trabalho visam estudar os desdobramentos caso a Medida Provisória perca a sua eficácia e as possíveis implicações para o Direito Empresarial, considerando que o tema é bastante atual e as consequências jurídicas não estão absolutamente delineadas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following research proposes to analyze the Disregard of Legal Entity provided for in Law 12.846 / 2013. The study will begin with the analysis of the legal person and its theories and will follow the Disregard of the Legal Entity addressing its history and theories; then the Anti-Corruption Law will be the subject of this research and the prediction it contains about the unlawful acts that the legal entity should not commit, otherwise it will be disregarded; finally, this study intends to relate the Institute of Disregard of Legal Entity to the express prediction found in the Law in the comment. For this purpose, several bibliographies about the themes will be analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Percurso is the property of Revista Percurso and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study seeks to establish a relationship between the moral standard of wealth maximizing, by Richard Posner and the execution of preliminar agreements on mergers and aquistion transactions as well as the performance of due diligences that takes place between tthe pre-contract and the final agreement. Thus, the present research aims to answer the following question: "In what way is it possible to recognize the application of the wealth maximization ethical standard in operations of merger and acquisition of companies?", justifying legally and economically the celebration of agreements prior to the final agreements on this kind of contracts. The present study is based on the epistemic foundation of rationalism, based on deductive method of analysis, achieved through books, scientific articles and documental research. The present article was constructed with the following structure: 1) Introduction; 2) The wealth maximization as an ethical standard; 3) Preliminary agreements on mergers and acquisitions transactions; 4) The due diligence process; 5) The link between wealth maximization ethical standard and due diligence; 6) Final considerations. At the end of the investigation it was possible to establish that the ethical standard of wealth maximization can be verified from the analysis of the characteristics and purposes of the due diligence practice, insofar as this practice makes it possible to know about the real economic value of a given business, in order to prevent the execution of a financial transaction in which one of the parties involved ends up receiving or paying values that do not maximize the utility of the operation, avoiding a situation of economic inefficiency, according to the ethical standard of maximization proposed by Posner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the way in which constitutional rules have been interpreted and applied by judges in our current legal context, specifically in the scope of supplementary health. In order to justify this study, and to deep elaborate critical comments about the subject, the following topics will be examined throughout this article: legal positivism and discretion in judicial decisions; judicialization, discretion and judicial activism within the framework of the supplementary health care system in our democratic State of law; the health care services listed in our constitution and, lastly, the possibility of overcoming activism through the hermeneutic technique. It should be emphasized that this study aims to indicate a kind of interpretation that is capable of offering broad and adequate ansawers to the the constitutional rights related to health care services. In order to elaborate an suitable conclusion to this scientific article, bibliographic research and deductive method of analysis were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O trabalho buscou analisar o licenciamento cruzado como ato de concentração partindo dos dois conceitos, licenciamento cruzado e ato de concentração, para chegar a um ponto de convergência na ótica do mercado concorrencial, apresentando uma problemática: como os contratos desse tipo são registrados no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, o Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica não tem um mecanismo muito eficiente para o controle desses atos. Buscou-se ao final propor um mecanismo eficaz para esse controle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has as main objective, explain what judicial activism, its functions and implications, and also demonstrate the relationship with the principle of separation of powers and the democratic principle. Specifically, it brings the historical evolution of both the judicial activism of the principle of separation of powers, their notions and concepts and the idea of democracy in the democratic rule of law. Finally, it brings the discussion about the limits of the action and performance of the judiciary. For the study was a literature research on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)