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A unique Mamlūk manuscript tells the story of a Damascene jurist. Ibn al-Zamlakānī's story revolves around a dramatic episode in the life of his master, the great judge Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī, who is the central figure (hero) of the tale. The composer justly names his document maqāmah. In rhyming prose, it narrates several episodes. Transmitted by a narrator (or at least his voice), who distances himself from the event, it is a story about an escape from hardship of a hero who is supported by good characters and face some evil enemies. Yet, it is not a biography, but a dramatic plot that transmits a moral lesson. The maqāmah illuminates the relations between the Mamlūk ruling military aristocracy and the religious establishment, as well as the competition that divided the Damascene urban elite.

Research on the Mamluk period has so far remained relatively silent about the Mamluk descendants, who are often referred to by the Arabic term awlād al-nās (roughly: children of the elite). After Ulrich Haarmann's fundamental theses, research on this group seems to have paused, in comparison to the study dedicated to other social groups of Mamluk society. This volume brings together the results of an international conference and presents the state of the art in approaching the Mamluk descendants, whose emic perception as a group and social roles were far more differentiated and variable than previously assumed. The contributions shed light on the status of the Mamluk descendants from a variety of viewpoints, including historiographies, archival material, and artifacts produced by Mamluk descendants.

The studies in this volume explore central topics characterizing the political, social and economic systems of Egypt and Syria under Mamluk rule (1250-1517). Drawing on Arabic sources including archival material, poetry and chronicles as well as modern research literature, twelve leading scholars in the field analyze a vast range of issues in Mamluk history and provide new perspectives on pivotal features such as European-Mamluk diplomacy, social relationships and identity in Mamluk society, rural and urban economy and water management in late medieval Egypt and Syria, reflecting major research trends in Mamluk history over the last four decades. With contributions by Frédéric Bauden, Stuart J. Borsch, Joseph Drory, Kurt Franz, Yehosua Frenkel, Daisuke Igarashi, Yaacov Lev, Amalia Levanoni, Li Guo, Carl F. Petry, Jo Van Steenbergen, Koby Yosef.

A biography of the second Duke of Lennox, the most consequential person in the Jacobean court in Scotland and England

No detailed description available for'Al-Quds Al-Mamlukiyya'.

‘The author brings together a wealth of information which has, until now, only been available in highly specialized academic journals and scholarly books'– David Nicolle'An astonishing array of themes and characters'– John ManThe Mamluks were, at one distinct point in history, the greatest body of fighting men in the world and the quintessence of the mounted warrior – reaching near perfection in their skill with the bow, lance and sword. Their story embraces many of the great themes of medieval military endeavour: the Crusaders and the deadly contest between Islam and Christendom, the Mongols and their vision of World Dominion, Tamerlane the Scourge of God and the rise of the Ottoman Empire whose own slave soldiers, the Janissaries, would be the Mamluks'final nemesis.They entered the Islamic world as unlettered automatons and through a total application to the craft of the warrior they became more than soldiers. After a bloody seizure of power from their masters, the descendants of Saladin, they developed a martial code and an honor system based on barracks brotherhood, a sophisticated military society that harnessed the state's energies for total war and produced a series of treatises on cavalry tactics, martial training, mounted archery and scientific and analytical approaches to warfare that more than compare to Sun Tzu's Art of War, the Western Codes of Chivalry and the Bushido in their complexity, beauty of language and comprehensive coverage of the bloody business of war.Their story embraces many of the great themes of medieval military endeavour: the Crusaders and the deadly contest between Islam and Christendom, the Mongols and their vision of world dominion, Tamerlane and the rise of the Ottoman Empire whose own slave soldiers, the Janissaries, would be the Mamluks'final nemesis.

Verbranntes Ufer zeichnet erstmals das Bild der Entwicklung der syro-palästinensischen Hafenstädte nach der Vertreibung der letzten Kreuzfahrer mit Hilfe lokaler Chroniken wie den Werken von Sāliḥ Ibn Yaḥyā und Ibn Sibāṭ. Die Mamluken zerstörten die Küstenstädte, um den Kreuzfahrern keinen potentiellen Brückenkopf für eine erneute Landung zu geben. Auf die Politik des verbrannten Ufers griffen die Mamluken zurück, weil sie keine planvolle Seepolitik betrieben. Daher besaßen sie keine Flotte, mit der sie die Küste schon auf dem Meer hätten verteidigen können. Nach einer einführenden Diskussion der Gründe, warum die Mamluken keine Flotte aufbauten, folgt im Haupteil die Beschreibung der Geschichte der syro-palästinensischen Küste. Abgeschlossen wird das Werk durch eine analytische Darstellung der Sozialgeschichte der Küste, dem administrativen Aufbau der lokalen Verwaltung und dem Handel zwischen Europa und der Levante, wozu auch Dokumente aus dem Archivio di Stato von Venedig herangezogen wurden.Verbranntes Ufer is the first complete presentation of the history of the Syro-Palestinian coast after the expulsion of the last crusaders as it appears in the local chronicles of Sāliḥ Ibn Yaḥyā und Ibn Sibāṭ. The Mamluks destroyed the coastal towns in order to leave no bridge head for a potential return of the crusaders. They maintained a policy of burned shore because they had no systematic sea policy. Therefore they did not develop a fleet to defend the coast. After discussing the reasons, why the Mamluks never constructed a fleet the main part of the work deals with the political history of the Syro-Palestinian coast. The work ends with an analytic description of the social history of the coast, the structure of the local administration and the trade between Europe and the Mamluk Empire, which is based on documents of the Archivio di Stato in Venice.

Slavery touched many aspects of Mamluk society. This volume focuses on the role of slaves within the family, from birth to purchase, liberation, and death. It investigates domestic slavery in Syrian and Egyptian society from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century. Jan Hagedorn focuses on the agency of slaves in the context of master-slave relationships within households and in wider society. He argues that the ability of slaves to shape the world around them was underpinned by a constant process of negotiation within the master-slave relationship and that intermediaries such as the court system channelled the agency of slaves. The principal sources for this study are purchase contracts, listening certificates, marriage contracts, and estate inventories in combination with scribal, market inspection, and slave purchase manuals as well as chronicles.

Mamluk Cairo, a Crossroads for Embassies offers an up-to-date insight into the diplomacy and diplomatics of the Mamluk sultanate with Muslim and non-Muslim powers. This rich volume covers the whole chronological span of the sultanate as well as the various areas of the diplomatic relations established by (or with) the Mamluk sultanate. Twenty-six essays are divided in geographical sections that broadly respect the political division of the world as the Mamluk chancery perceived it. In addition, two introductory essays provide the present stage of research in the fields of, respectively, diplomatics and diplomacy. With contributions by Frédéric Bauden, Lotfi Ben Miled, Michele Bernardini, Bárbara Boloix Gallardo, Anne F. Broadbridge, Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi, Stephan Conermann, Nicholas Coureas, Malika Dekkiche, Rémi Dewière, Kristof D'hulster, Marie Favereau, Gladys Frantz-Murphy, Yehoshua Frenkel, Hend Gilli-Elewy, Ludvik Kalus, Anna Kollatz, Julien Loiseau, Maria Filomena Lopes de Barros, John L. Meloy, Pierre Moukarzel, Lucian Reinfandt, Alessandro Rizzo, Éric Vallet, Valentina Vezzoli and Patrick Wing.

This volume discusses Mamluk historical texts with an emphasis on literary/stylistic analysis, basically ignoring issues of'factuality'versus'fictivity'. None of the authors set out to write'fiction'; nor would their audience have received their accounts as such. The events depicted were a matter of historical record; but their meaning was geared both to contemporary and to general concerns. The fact of telling them is part and parcel of the historian's task; the means of telling them has to do with the historian's choice of style; and style is all-important in conveying meaning. Were these accounts not considered'true', the purpose behind their telling and the meaning they convey, would, arguably, be lost; but were they not told in the most effective manner, their meaning might not be clearly grasped.

The present volume contains seventeen essays on the Mamluk Sultanate, an Islamic Empire of slaves whose capital was in Cairo between the 13th and the 16th centuries, written by leading historians of this period. It discusses topics as varied as social and cultural issues, women in Mamluk society, literary and poetical genres, the politics of material culture, and regional and local politics. The volume presents state of the art scholarship in the field of Mamluk studies as well as an in-depth review of recent developments. Mamluk studies have expanded considerably in recent years and today interests hundreds of active researchers worldwide who write in numerous languages and constitute a vivid and strong community of researchers, some of whose best research is presented in this volume. With contributions by Reuven Amitai; Frédéric Bauden; Yuval Ben-Bassat; Joseph Drory; Élise Franssen; Yehoshua Frenkel; Li Guo; Daisuke Igarashi; Yaacov Lev; Bernadette Martel-Thoumian; Carl Petry; Warren Schultz; Boaz Shoshan; Hana Taragan; Bethany J. Walker; Michael Winter; Koby Yosef; Limor Yungman.

During the fifteenth century, the Mamluk sultanate that had ruled Egypt and Syria since 1249-50 faced a series of sustained economic and political challenges to its rule, from the effects of recurrent plagues to changes in international trade routes. Both these challenges and the policies and behaviors of rulers and subjects in response to them left profound impressions on Mamluk state and society, precipitating a degree of social mobility and resulting in new forms of cultural expression. These transformations were also reflected in the frequent reports of protests during this period, and led to a greater diffusion of power and the opening up of spaces for political participation by Mamluk subjects and negotiations of power between ruler and ruled. Rather than tell the story of this tumultuous century solely from the point of view of the Mamluk dynasty, Crowds and Sultans places the protests within the framework of long-term transformations, arguing for a more nuanced and comprehensive narrative of Mamluk state and society in late medieval Egypt and Syria. Reports of urban protest and the ways in which alliances between different groups in Mamluk society were forged allow us glimpses into how some medieval Arab societies negotiated power, showing that rather than stoically endure autocratic governments, populations often resisted and renegotiated their positions in response to threats to their interests. This rich and thought-provoking study will appeal to specialists in Mamluk history, Islamic studies, and Arab history, as well as to students and scholars of Middle East politics and government and modern history.

Ziel dieses Bandes ist, neue Akzente in der Mamlukenforschung zu setzen. Die Beiträge berühren eine Reihe spannender Themen: Heirat, Ehe und Scheidung, narrative Strategien in den Biogrammen hanbalitischer Richter, Wissensvermittlung, die zeitgenössische politische Ordnung, Wirtschaftswachstum, islamische Philosophie, die Präsenz der Zawawi-Gruppen in der Ayyubiden- und Mamlukenzeit sowie die Islamisierung von Ägypten und Syrien. Alle Beiträge tragen dazu bei, zu einem besseren, differenzierten Verständnis der Mamlukenzeit zu gelangen.Die Autorinnen und Autoren dieses Bandes, Fellows des Bonner Annemarie Schimmel Kollegs »History and Society of the Mamluk Era«, präsentieren in diesem Band die Ergebnisse ihrer am Kolleg durchgeführten Forschungen.

This fourth selection of studies by David Ayalon takes up the theme of the preceding volume, that of the opposition between the Abode of Islam and the external world, the Abode of War. Similarly, a number of the articles are concerned with the impact of outsiders, moving into the world of Islam, but others focus on aspects of the conflict between the two worlds, for instance raising the question of why it was only on the Nubian frontier that the early Arab advance was halted. The majority of the studies however concentrate on the Mamluk institution, especially in Mamluk Egypt, and carry forward the author's argument of the decisiveness of the slave institution in Muslim society, particularly this socio-military component which played such a critical role in both the expansion and the defense of Islam. Cette quatrième sélection d'études de David Ayalon reprend le thème du volume précédent: celui de l'opposition entre le monde de l'Islam et le monde extérieur, ou monde dela guerre. De façon analogue, un certain nombre d'articles s'attachent à l'impact des étrangers s'installant dans le monde l'Islam, alors que d'autres se concentrant sur différents aspects du conflit entre les deux mondes, soulevant, par exemple, la question quant à la raison pour laquelle la première avance arabe fut uniquement arrêtée à la frontière nubienne. La plupart des études cependant, se concentrent sur l'institution mamelouke, plus spécifiquement en Egypte mamelouke. Elles poursuivent l'argument de l'auteur quant au caractère décisif de l'institution de l'esclavage dans la société musulmane, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'élément socio-militaire qui jouât un rôle primordial dans l'expansion et la défense de l'Islam.

During the fifteenth century, the Mamluk sultanate that had ruled Egypt and Syria since 1249-50 faced a series of sustained economic and political challenges to its rule, from the effects of recurrent plagues to changes in international trade routes. Both these challenges and the policies and behaviors of rulers and subjects in response to them left profound impressions on Mamluk state and society, precipitating a degree of social mobility and resulting in new forms of cultural expression. These transformations were also reflected in the frequent reports of protests during this period, and led to a greater diffusion of power and the opening up of spaces for political participation by Mamluk subjects and negotiations of power between ruler and ruled. Rather than tell the story of this tumultuous century solely from the point of view of the Mamluk dynasty, Crowds and Sultans places the protests within the framework of long-term transformations, arguing for a more nuanced and comprehensive narrative of Mamluk state and society in late medieval Egypt and Syria. Reports of urban protest and the ways in which alliances between different groups in Mamluk society were forged allow us glimpses into how some medieval Arab societies negotiated power, showing that rather than stoically endure autocratic governments, populations often resisted and renegotiated their positions in response to threats to their interests. This rich and thought-provoking study will appeal to specialists in Mamluk history, Islamic studies, and Arab history, as well as to students and scholars of Middle East politics and government and modern history.

The Mamluk City in the Middle East offers an interdisciplinary study of urban history, urban experience, and the nature of urbanism in the region under the rule of the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517). The book focuses on three less-explored but politically significant cities in the Syrian region - Jerusalem, Safad (now in Israel), and Tripoli (now in Lebanon) - and presents a new approach and methodology for understanding historical cities. Drawing on diverse textual sources and intensive field surveys, Nimrod Luz reveals the character of the Mamluk city as well as various aspects of urbanism in the region, establishing the pre-modern city of the Middle East as a valid and useful lens through which to study various themes such as architecture, art history, history, and politics of the built environment. As part of this approach, Luz considers the processes by which Mamluk discourses of urbanism were conceptualized and then inscribed in the urban environment as concrete expressions of architectural design, spatial planning, and public memorialization.

Dieser Band nimmt Quellen in den Blick, die bisher häufig genug im Schatten der Chroniken und der normativen Literatur standen. Kostbare Informationen liefern uns etwa Schriften gegen unzulässige Neuerungen oder unstatthafte Sitten und Gebräuche, Pilgerführer, Reiseberichte, prosopographische und biographische Schriften, Journale und Tagebücher, Volksromane, Urkunden und Kanzleihandbücher. Grundsätzlich gilt allerdings für die Mamlukologie insgesamt, dass noch enorm viel Grundlagenarbeit in Form von Texterschließung geleistet werden muss. Die notgedrungene Konzentration auf handschriftliches Material mag auch dazu geführt haben, dass sich die mit der Mamlukenzeit befassten Wissenschaftler/innen nur in ganz seltenen Fällen mit interdisziplinären Fragestellungen oder Theorieangeboten beschäftigt haben. Dass allerdings in den letzten Jahren dennoch viele innovative Ansätze verfolgt worden sind, zeigt dieser Band, der zum ersten Mal eine umfassende Bestandsaufnahme der laufenden Forschung zum Mamlukenreich (1250–1517) liefert.

Winslow Williams Clifford ist einer der wenigen Historiker, die sich bisher auf der Basis von theoretischen Ansätzen der Geschichte und Kultur des sogenannten Mamlukensultanates (1250–1517) gewidmet haben. In diesem Band erscheint nun posthum seine 1995 an der University of Chicago eingereichte Dissertation. Durch die geschickte Benutzung gesellschaftstheoretischer Ansätze gelingt es Clifford, sehr überzeugend zu zeigen, dass der mamlukische Herrschaftsverbund – wie lange Zeit behauptet – keine statische »Orientalische Despotie« darstellte, sondern im Gegenteil eine sehr ausdifferenzierte Gesellschaft war. Sie fußte vor allem auf der Einhaltung eines komplexen Ordnungssystems, das sich während der Herrschaft der ersten Sultane etabliert hatte.

Wer sich mit der gut 250 Jahre andauernden Mamlukenzeit in Ägypten und Syrien (1250-1517) zu beschäftigen beginnt, kann recht schnell zumindest ein Charakteristikum dieser Zeit benennen: die ganz ungewöhnliche Polarisierung der Gesellschaft. Eine vornehmlich arabische Bevölkerung wurde beherrscht von einer durchweg turkstämmigen Elite freigelassener Militärsklaven, die sich durch ein sich selbst auferlegtes Gebot ständig zu regenerieren versuchte. Mamluk werden konnte nur ein außerhalb des islamischen Herrschaftsbereiches als Nichtmuslim frei geborener, dann versklavter, als Sklave nach Ägypten verbrachter, zum Islam konvertierter, in die Freiheit entlassener und schließlich ritterlich ausgebildeter Türke werden. Nur wer diese Bedingungen erfüllte war Mitglied der herrschenden Schicht mit allen dazugehörigen politischen, militärischen und wirtschaftlichen Vorrechten. Zu diesem historisch wohl einmaligen Gesellschaftsmodell hat Stephan Conermann eine Reihe von Aufsätzen vorgelegt, die zusammengenommen eine ausgezeichnete Einführung in die verschiedenen Themenbereiche der Mamlukenforschung einführen.

Conquête ottomane de l'Égypte (1517) est le premier ouvrage collectif consacré à la victoire de Selīm Ier sur les Mamelouks, qui a fait du sultanat ottoman l'unique puissance musulmane en Méditerranée orientale, et ravalé l'Égypte au rang de province. Il en renouvelle l'approche en faisant appel à des sources ottomanes, arabes et occidentales très variées.Les contributions réunies par Benjamin Lellouch et Nicolas Michel s'attachent à mesurer les transformations structurelles qu'a induites l'événement dans la société, les pouvoirs, la culture littéraire, artistique et matérielle en Égypte. Elles explorent ses antécédents et son impact géopolitique, et restituent les échos, bruyants puis assourdis, qu'il a suscités, au Proche-Orient, en Italie, et plus généralement en Méditerranée. Conquête ottomane de l'Égypte (1517) is the first collective work that deals with Selīm Ist's crushing victory over the Mamluks, which made the Ottoman sultanate into the sole remaining Muslim power in the eastern Mediterranean, and reduced Egypt to the rank of a province. The book offers new insights into this major event by using a wide range of Ottoman and Arabic as well as Western sources. These essays in French and English collected by Benjamin Lellouch and Nicolas Michel examine to what extent the Ottoman conquest altered the structures of Egyptian society, power relations, literature, arts and material culture. They explore both its backgrounds and geopolitical aftermath, and reconstruct its echoes - loud at first, then gradually fading out - in the Middle East, Italy, and the Mediterranean.