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This study examines the issue of the accuracy of physical surface calculations for land plots with complex configurations and reliefs. The goal of the study was to develop a methodology for determining the surface area of land plots with complex configurations and reliefs. The presented model was based on the finite element method. The developed method allows one to evaluate a relief's complexity by using a dimensionless mean physical surface complexity factor; a Fortran program was developed for the methodology. Experiments that proved the effectiveness of the methodology and a comparative analysis of those areas that were calculated by the presented method and TIN model were carried out. The research findings proved the practicability of the methodology for calculating the physical surfaces of land plots with complex configurations. The presented methodology can be used for flood modeling, landscape and vertical planning, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of land plot boundary straightening in the course of land consolidation has been examined in the study. Over the course of buying out and swapping, adjacent land plots are being incorporated into one land tenure. However, the land plots are inconvenient for cultivation due to broken boundaries. Measures on the boundary straightening comply with the demands of landowners at voluntary land consolidation, when they are interested in the least possible alteration of the boundaries of the existing land plots. The study aims at the substantiation of the methodology for the straightening of land plot boundary with the help of the peer exchange of their parts. Preconditions for the formation of broken boundaries in the course of land consolidation have been scrutinized. Algorithms for land plot boundary straightening with the help of the exchange of the parts of peer land plots have been suggested. The calculation of typical cases of broken boundary straightening has been suggested. The boundary straightening methodology has been tested in a land mass in Kyiv Region, Ukraine. The results of the research can be used in the course of voluntary land consolidation, at the developing of preliminary land reallotment plan for agricultural and built-up land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is dedicated to the substantiation of peer land plots exchange in the course of land consolidation. The issue of the allowable difference of the values of land plots, considered to be peer, has been examined. The legally established 10 % allowable difference has been scrutinized. The evaluation of value difference ranges of land plots, considered to be peer, has been carried out. The formation of land plot value at peer exchange in Ukraine has been analysed. It has been revealed, that due to the vague definition of the allowable difference of land plot values and poorly elaborated evaluation, there arises an uncertainty of 1/110 (≈0.9%) to 13/220 (≈5.9%) of the land plot value. It complicates the voluntary involvement of landowners to land reallotment and potentially leads to disputing the peer land exchange in the court. With the example of an interspersed land plot within a land mass in Cherkasy Region, potential loss due to inaccurate demands to the valuation of land plots to be exchanged and poorly elaborated valuation methodology, has been calculated. An approach to the specification of the affordable land plot value range which excludes uncertainties has been suggested. The results can be used for the improvement of land reallotment modeling based on heuristic and optimization methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is aimed at the promotion of voluntary land consolidation through the improvement of land plots exchange. The issue of the existing land plots boundaries adjustment in the course of voluntary land consolidation has been singled out. Possibilities, advantages and risks of land plots exchange without changing the existing boundaries as a constituent of land consolidation measures have been substantiated. The improvement of approaches to land plots exchange modelling without the existing boundaries adjustment has been suggested. Demands to the formation of consolidated land tenures as the result of exchange have been singled out. Theory of combinations has been applied to specify land plots exchange options. Calculation formulas for the number of the optimal consolidated agricultural land tenure placement options have been suggested. The calculations can be applied in the optimization and heuristic approaches to land reallocation and at land consolidation performance evaluation. Suggested approaches facilitate the implementation of heuristic methods especially in non-standard conditions, allow to increase the number of developers, especially involving experts with little experience. The results can be used for land plots lease optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with the issues of the voluntary land consolidation using the exchange method at land relations reforming. The objective of the article is the substantiation of the exchange method aiming at the large and small land owners (land users) land tenure optimization and the formation of approaches with the help of which the mutual alignment of their interests can be achieved. Land plot ownership and tenure rights exchange by the relative value has been substantiated. It is suggested to define the relative value based on the principle of juxtaposition of land plots by their qualitative, spatial and technological characteristics. The land plots exchange modelling has been improved according to the relative value application and due to the existing land plots boundaries retaining at the exchange. The effectiveness of the suggested land plots exchange method has been demonstrated at the land tenure optimization of an agricultural enterprise and some households in Kyiv Region. Alternative land consolidation projects based on the land plots exchange have been developed, the results of which demonstrate the advantages of the voluntary land consolidation based on the suggested methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activities related to parking of transport, today have become widespread. While parking taxes for vehicles are one of the most important sources of local budgets in countries with established traditions of local government. The tax for parking spaces for vehicles is a relatively new collection in the tax system of Ukraine, which is due to the recent reform in tax legislation. Therefore, the scientific coverage of this subject is currently insufficiently investigated. In the article typical permissive documents are considered when decorating parking lots, and dependence that contradicts the current land legislation affects local revenues to the budget is established. The discrepancy between the general approaches of payment for land is established. For comparison, the approach of parking taxation, for which there is no land management documentation, and the main reason is the permission from the public enterprise for the maintenance of green spaces is considered. The analysis of the current state of the transport scheme of the city shows that in conditions of growth of elaborate road schemes and with insufficient rates of increase in its capacity to contain traffic growth it is advisable to increase the carrying capacity of transport lines and the development of mass passenger transport in cities with a planned increase in average capacity of rolling stock. Also, using traffic management is necessary to ensure that special conditions for the passage of the public transport network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the classification of underground space types is analyzed. It is established that there are objects that are taxed in the tax code of Ukraine and there are those that are not taxed. The results of the research are justified by the lack of mechanisms and technical solutions of three-dimensional objects of commercial space taxation, which have been intensively developing in Ukraine. The ways of solving legal conflicts regarding registration and taxation of real estate objects are suggested. Based on the study of the legislative base and normative legal documents in the sphere of land relations, a classifier of three-dimensional space objects, which today are fully or partially used for commercial purposes in various types of economic activity has been proposed. The analysis of the regulatory and legal framework regarding the taxation of underground space facilities has been carried out. Objects for which the taxation of land is charged and those objects for which there is no charge for the use of underground space have been identified. A methodology for the justified calculation of a decreasing percentage ratio for calculating a normative monetary evaluation (NME) is developed for the cases where the object of an underground commercial space is located at a distance from the center in one of the proposed zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]