Search

XIII International Symposium on Agricultural Sciences AgroReS 2024 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 91 P1_50 The effect of Bacillus spp. isolates and calendula extract on tomato yield Slađana Savić1 , Marina Dervišević2, Biljana Šević3, Jelena Maksimović4 , Magdalena Knežević4, Zoran Dinić4, Ivana Radović5 1 Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Serbia 2 Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Serbia 3 Institute for Vegetable Crops Smederevska Palanka, Serbia 4 Institute of Soil Science, Serbia 5 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Corresponding author: Slađana Savić, bonita.sladja@gmail.com Abstract In recent years, in order to protect the environment and food safety, intensive work has been done on the development of biological fungicides, nematicides and herbicides, as well as products based on biological agents and medicinal herbs for plant protection. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the application of Bacillus spp. and calendula extract on tomato yield. The experiment was carried out during the 2023 growing season in the field conditions using SP - 109 genotype of tomato, selected at the Institute for Vegetable Crops Smederevska Palanka. Tomato seedlings were produced in a greenhouse and were planted in the field at the end of May. The experiment was laid out in a random block system, with four replications. The number of plants per main plot was 36. The distance between the rows was 50 cm and between the plants in the row 25 cm. Five treatments were applied three times during the vegetable season (T1 - Bacillus spp. isolate 1, T2 - Bacillus spp. isolate 2, T3 - Calendula extract, T4 - Fungicide, T5 - Control). The number of fruits per plant in treatments T1 and T4 was 29. It was statistically significantly higher compared to the number of fruits per plant in treatments T2, T3 and T5 (20, 21, 20). Also, the fresh weight of fruits per plant was significantly higher in treatments T1 and T4 (847.7 and 868.5) compa

Praseodymium salt of 12-tungstophosphoric heteropoly acid – Pr-PWA has been successfully synthesized. For the preparation of praseodymium salt (Pr-PWA), as a starting material is used 12-tungstophosphoric heteropoly acid H3PW12O40×29H2O (PWA). PWA is obtained by combining the aqueous solution of Na2WO4×2H2O with mixture containing H3PO4 and HCl. The precipitate was extracted with 40 ml of 11.5195 mol dm-3 HCl and 70 ml of ether. Afterward, PWA was transformed into H3PW12O40×6H2O (6-PWA) by heating it to 80 °C in a kiln. The aqueous PrCl3×H2O solution was prepared by dissolving 0.7102 g PrCl3×H2O in distilled water. This solution is then mixed with aqueous solution of 6-PWA, slightly heated in order to start the crystallization process and left during the night to finish the crystallization. The synthesized Pr- PWA salt is then characterized by following techniques: thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Synthesized salt Pr- PWA can be successfully used as a precursor in the synthesis process of praseodymium doped phosphate tungsten bronze.

Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati rodni potencijal i kvalitet ploda šest remontantnih sorti maline (‘Dafne’, ‘Primalba’, ‘Kokanee’, ‘Paris’, ‘Versailles’ i ‘Enrosadira’) gajenih u saksijama u dvogodišnjem proizvodnom sistemu. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na imanju kompanije “Floriva” (Ivanjica), u kolekcionom zasadu maline zasnovanom u proleće 2022. godine, sadnjom u saksije zapremine 10 l ispunjene kokosovim supstratom. Ispitivanja su izvedena merenjem parametara rodnog potencijala, fizičkih i hemijskih osobina ploda na jednogodišnjim izdancima u jesenjoj berbi (2022) i na dvogodišnjim izdancima u prolećnoj berbi (2023). Najmanji prosečni broj plodova i prinos po izdanku registrovan je kod sorte ‘Primalba’ (130,2 i 691 g/izdanku, po redosledu). Najveći prosečni prinos ostvarile su sorte ‘Paris’ i ‘Enrosadira’ (1081,3 i 1116,3 g/izdanku, po redosledu), uz značajno povećanje u prolećnoj berbi, što je takođe zabeleženo kod sorti ‘Dafne’ i ‘Versailles’, dok je sorta ‘Kokanee’ imala dva puta veći prinos na jednogodišnjim izdancima (1384,7 g/izdanku). Najveću prosečnu masu ploda imala je sorta ‘Dafne’ (6,11 g), a najnižu sorta ‘Kokanee’ (4,14 g). Značajno povećanje mase ploda registrovano je u jesenjem plodonošenju kod četiri sorte (‘Dafne’, ‘Primalba’, ‘Kokanee’ i ‘Versailles’), dok je sorta ‘Enrosadira’ povećala masu ploda u prolećnoj berbi. Sorta ‘Versailles’ je imala najveću prosečnu čvrstoću ploda (1,08 N), dok su sorte ‘Paris’ i ‘Enrosadira’ ispoljile najveću kohezivnost ploda (0,22 i 0,21, po redosledu). Sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije se kretao od 8,48% (‘Dafne’) do 10,63% (‘Paris’). Sorta ‘Kokanee’ je imala najveći sadržaj ukupnih fenola (1,25 mg ekv. galne kis./g sv.m.pl.), a sorta ‘Paris’ najveći sadržaj ukupnih antocijanina u plodu (19,98 mg ekv. cy-3-gluk./100 g sv.m.pl.). Sorta ‘Enrosadira’se istakla po visokom sadržaju vitamina C , koji je značajno povećan u prolećnoj berbi (34,6 mg/100 g sv.m.pl.). Većina ispitivanih sorti je ispoljila bolje proizvodne perf, This study aimed to evaluate the differences in yield potential and fruit quality between primocanes and floricanes in six remontant raspberry cultivars (‘Dafne’, ‘Primalba’, ‘Kokanee’, ‘Paris’, ‘Versailles’ and ‘Enrosadira’) grown in pots in a biennial production system. The research was carried out on the property of the company "Floriva" (Ivanjica), in a collection raspberry plantation planted in spring 2022 in 10-L pots filled with coconut substrate. The research was carried out by measuring the yield potential parameters, physical and chemical fruit traits at primocanes in autumn cropping (2022) and at floricanes in spring cropping (2023). The lowest average number of fruits and yield per cane were found in ‘Primalba’ (130.2 and 691 g/cane, respectively). The cultivars ‘Paris’ and ‘Enrosadira’ had the highest average yield (1081.3 and 1116.3 g/cane, respectively), with a significant increase on floricanes, also recorded with ‘Dafne’ and ‘Versailles’, while ‘Kokanee’ had a two-fold higher yield on primocanes (1384.7 g/cane). The cultivar ‘Dafne’ had the highest average fruit weight (6.11 g), while ‘Kokanee’ had the lowest (4.14 g). In four cultivars (‘Dafne’, ‘Primalba’, ‘Kokanee’ and ‘Versailles’) a significant increase in fruit weight was observed in the autumn harvest, while the ‘Enrosadira’ cultivar fruit weight increased in the spring harvest. The cultivar ‘Versailles’ had the highest fruit hardness (1.08 N), while ‘Paris’ and ‘Enrosadira’ showed the highest fruit cohesiveness (0.22 and 0.21, respectively). The soluble solids content ranged from 8.48 % (‘Dafne’) to 10.63 % (‘Paris’). Concerning the total phenols content, ‘Kokanee’ was the leading cultivar (1.25 mg eq. GA /g FW), while ‘Paris’ was the predominant cultivar in terms of total anthocyanins (19.98 mg eq. cy-3-gluc./100 g FW). The ‘Enrosadira’ cultivar distinguished itself with a high vitamin C content, significantly increased in the spring harvest (34.6 mg/100 g FW). Most of the examined cultivar

The fruit quality combines sensory (color, sweetness, acidity, aroma) and nutritional (antioxidants, vitamins, proteins) attributes. Certain bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, significantly contribute to the health and sensory properties of strawberries together with sugars and organic acids. Strawberry fruit, as a complex multicomponent matrix, is highly demanding from an analytical standpoint, thus sensitive and selective high-resolution method such as MS imaging is the method of choice for the investigation of different compounds and classes of compounds in various concentration ranges. The primary and secondary metabolites, as well as the biopolymer compounds, are considered basic biomarker categories in strawberry fruit. Using MS imaging, longitudinal and cross-sectional images of the strawberry fruit of cultivar 'Sandra', showed that a higher concentration of biomarkers is present primarily in the skin, than in the cortical and the pith tissue. Therefore, it seems that the outer part of the fruit body is particularly rich in various biomarkers. This state-of-the-art analytical technique allows the visualization of the local distribution of different biomarkers using a thin section of an intact fruit sample. The imaging results can help to distinguish high-quality strawberry cultivars, which could be particularly useful for the producers, but also essential for the consumers in the context of a healthier diet.

Rad predstavlja rezultate komparativnog ispitivanja uticaja različito obojenih fotoselektivnih protivgradnih mreža (plava, crvena i žuta mreža) i neutralnih fotoselektivnih mreža (biserna i crna mreža) na vegetativni rast, produktivnost i kvalitet ploda sorte borovnice ´Duke´ gajene u supstratu. Ispitivanja su izvedena u zasadu borovnice koji se nalazi u Gruži (opština Knić) tokom perioda 2022-2023. godina. Zasad je zasnovan u proleće 2017. godine sadnjom dvogodišnjih biljaka u saksije zapremine 113 l, koje su ispunjene mešavinom strugotine i belog treseta (50:50) i postavljene na rastojanje od 0,8 m u redu i 3,0 m između redova (4.170 biljaka/ha). Crvena fotoselektivna mreža je stimulativno uticala na vegetativni rast (visinu i širinu žbuna, i ukupan broj grana u žbunu) i doprinela je značajnom povećanju broja plodova i prinosa po žbunu (2642,2 i 5,8 kg/žbunu, po redosledu) u poređenju sa ostalim ispitivanim mrežama. Uticaj godine je bio značajan sa registrovanim povećanjem ukupnog broja grana u žbunu, širine žbuna, broja plodova i prinosa po žbunu u 2023. godini, dok su masa i dimenzije ploda, čvrstoća 1 i 2, kao i sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije bili značajno veći u 2022. godini. Prosečna masa ploda kretala se u rasponu od 2,01 g (crna mreža) do 2,47 g (crvena mreža). Biserna mreža je ispoljila pozitivan uticaj na čvrstoću 1 (16,18 g), dok kod čvrstoće 2, kohezivnosti i elastičnosti pokožice ploda nisu uočene značajne razlike između boja mreža. Plava mreža je pozitivno uticala na sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije u plodu (12,2%), kao i na značajno smanjenje sadržaja ukupnih kiselina (0,43%). Crvena mreža je doprinela većoj sintezi ukupnih fenola i ukupnih antocijanina u plodu (1,62 mg galne kis. ekv/g sv.m.pl. i 50,07 mg malvidin-3-glukozida ekv/100 g sv.m.pl., po redosledu), dok je kod crne mreže registrovano značajno smanjenje sadržaja fenolnih komponenti. Sličan trend se zapaža i u pogledu ukupnog antioksidativnog kapaciteta ploda, koji je značajno povećan

Unhealthy dietary habits, as a characteristic of a modern way of living, have been associated with increased risks of developing metabolic diseases. Fruit consumption has been recognized as an important dietary factor that could improve human health. Berry fruit consumption was shown to mitigate the progression of metabolic diseases including obesity and insulin-resistance-related disorders, due to the high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruits contain a high level of nutritional components including vitamins, miner als, and small essential molecules such as choline, betaine, folate, fatty acids, and dietary fiber. In addition, strawberries represent a valuable source of different bioactive polyphenolic compounds (anthocyanins and flavonoids), with significant health and sensory properties. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the newly introduced strawberry cultivar ‘Aprika’ supplemented in the form of lyophilized powder, on obesity-related metabolic alterations in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Study shows that high-fat diet induced hypertrophy of the visceral adipose tissue and exacerbated adipose tissue inflammation. Morphometric analysis showed increased diameter and area of the adipocytes, while strawberry consumption mitigated hypertrophy and reduced forma tion of crown-like structures. High-fat diet reduced systemic insulin sensitivity, and disturbed insu lin signalling in the liver and skeletal muscle while strawberry consumption ameliorated disturbed insulin sensitivity associated with obesity. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with lyophilised strawberries shows beneficial effects on visceral adipose tissue and improves insulin sensitivity in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

Our research presents an analytical curve applicable to accurately determining unknown concentrations of tartrazine in an aqueous solution of any sample. The analytical curve that this study develops may be used to determine the concentration of tartrazine in an aqueous solution of a typical commercially available food dye, which is a mixture of tartrazine and dextrose. The concentration determined in the sample of the food dye was c=7.76 g/ dm3. The examined food dye contained 0.27% of tartrazine. To characterize the presented analytical method, LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (limit of quantification) were then calculated, obtaining better values compared to the data existent in the literature.

With their many beneficial qualities, tannins, as polyphenolic compounds, are being incorporated more and more in plant-based diets. As a result, an increasing number of methods for determining them from plant material, food, and beverages are garnering attention. Here, the effects of tannic acid on the dynamics of the Briggs-Rauscher (BR) oscillatory reaction were examined for the first time. Tannic acid was shown to be active in the BR system by inhibiting the course of the reaction. The results of the experiments on different concentrations of tannic acid were used for the construction of the calibration diagram.

Five lettuce cultivars ('Kiribati', 'Tourbillon', 'Carmesi', 'Lianabel', and 'Biondonna') were grown in the open-field experiment during the summer of 2018. The aim was to find the optimal summer lettuce cultivar according to morphological and production parameters, suitable for the fresh market and food industry processing by applying the MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison) method. The correlation analysis was carried out to reduce the number of criteria that have high coefficient values and a double influence on the ranking results. The study involved five alternatives (cultivars) and five different criteria regarding morphological parameters (rosette height, rosette diameter, rosette fresh weight, number of leaves, and stem height). Weight coefficients were determined using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method while the stability of the obtained ranking list was determined by applying sensitive analysis through six scenarios. According to the selected criteria, the obtained results showed that the green cultivar 'Tourbillon' has the best results, while the least favorable results were obtained by the red cultivar 'Carmesi'. Furthermore, this study tends to facilitate cultivar selection by farmers to avoid economic losses and sustain the required quantity and quality standard demands for the fresh product and food industry market.

Healthy dietary habits with abundant fruit consumption may reduce prevalence and positively affect development and progression of various chronic diseases including obesity and insulin-resistance related diseases. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) represent a valuable source of vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, dietary fiber, and various bioactive polyphenolic compounds such as anthocyanins and flavonoids which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study we evaluated the effect of newly introduced strawberry cultivar „Aprika” supplemented in the form of lyophilized powder, on obesity-related metabolic alterations in high-fat-diet fed mice. We hypothesized that chronic (8 weeks) supplementation of lyophilized strawberries in the amount comparable to two servings per day in humans, would ameliorate insulin resistance associated with obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we hypothesized that strawberry meal consumed at 7PM i.e. before active feeding period of mice (which corresponds to early breakfast in humans) would induce more pronounced beneficial effects compared to meal consumed at 7AM i.e. at the end of the active feeding period (which corresponds to late dinner in humans). High fat diet induced hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and obesity; and disturbed hepatic insulin signaling. Lyophilized strawberries, only when consumed before feeding period, reduced body weight gain and improved insulin sensitivity induced by high-fat diet (evidenced by lower area under the curve after an intraperitoneal GTT, reduced serum insulin levels and an insulin resistance index (IR-HOMA). Strawberry meals consumed after active feeding period had no such effect. However, strawberries, regardless of the time of consumption, restored protein level of Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) in the liver and increased hepatic antioxidant enzymes level. In conclusion, strawberries improve insulin sensitivity and raise hepatic antio

Five lettuce cultivars ('Kiribati', 'Tourbillon', 'Carmesi', 'Lianabel', and 'Biondonna') were grown in the open-field experiment during the summer of 2018. The aim was to find the optimal summer lettuce cultivar according to morphological and production parameters, suitable for the fresh market and food industry processing by applying the MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison) method. The correlation analysis was carried out to reduce the number of criteria that have high coefficient values and a double influence on the ranking results. The study involved five alternatives (cultivars) and five different criteria regarding morphological parameters (rosette height, rosette diameter, rosette fresh weight, number of leaves, and stem height). Weight coefficients were determined using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method while the stability of the obtained ranking list was determined by applying sensitive analysis through six scenarios. According to the selected criteria, the obtained results showed that the green cultivar 'Tourbillon' has the best results, while the least favorable results were obtained by the red cultivar 'Carmesi'. Furthermore, this study tends to facilitate cultivar selection by farmers to avoid economic losses and sustain the required quantity and quality standard demands for the fresh product and food industry market.

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is a complex problem that complicates the barley selection and breeding process. The knowledge of the relationship between cereal phenology and climatic data is important for understanding GEI and the physiological pathways responsible for the interaction effect. The grain yield of twenty winter barley genotypes in six environments was observed. Factors influencing the variability were analyzed using a linear mixed model. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was applied to determine the most relevant environmental variables in certain stages of development that explained GEI effects. Biplot with environmental variables explained 43.7% of the GEI. The barley was generally the most sensitive to the environmental conditions (relative humidity, maximum temperature and its variation, sun hours, and precipitation) during the anthesis and filling stage (May) which caused GEI. Temperature variables did not show significance only in the vegetative phase. Different genotypes responded differently to environmental factors. Genotypes NS-525, NS-589, and J-103 were highlighted as widely adaptable, and Zajeˇcar was a suitable and reliable location for yield testing. The GEI information presented in this paper can be useful in traditional plant breeding and future breeding programs through molecular research of crop developmental genes and examination of physiological processes in two-row barley.

The impact of pruning techniques on the plant growth, yield components and fruit quality traits of substrate-grown highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivar 'Bluecrop' were evaluated over four years (2019-2022). The orchard was planted in the village of Gruža (Knić municipality, Serbia) in the spring of 2017 with 5-year-old nursery plants using 113 l polypropylene pots spaced 0.8 m apart in a row and 3.0 m between rows (4,170 plants/ha). At the onset of the trial the ‘Bluecrop’ plants were 8 years old. The two pruning techniques were applied: i) conventional pruning (CP) - removal of the most unproductive canes at the center of the canopy, and weak and excessively fruiting shoots from the top of bushes, and ii) sectorial pruning (SP) - only removal of basal canes in ¼ of the canopy each year. The average number of basal canes per bush was significantly lower in SP than in the CP treatment (14.4 vs. 17.4 canes bush-1 , respectively). SP plants had thinner canes than CP plants, which increased over the years of the study and reached a maximum diameter of 11.12 mm in 2022. CP had a positive influence on fruit yield (5.98 kg bush-1 ), which was associated with a 20% higher number of fruits per bush than in sectorial pruned plants. The fruit yield increased in the first three years of the study, reaching a maximum value in 2021 (7.57 kg per bush), whereas an opposite trend was observed in average fruit weight over the years, with the lowest value reached in the last harvest year (1.81 g). Fruit weight and soluble solids content were not affected by the pruning method, while the content of total acids, total anthocyanins and total phenolics were significantly higher in fruit harvested from the SP treatment (0.70%, 37.04 mg eq mvd-3-G /100 g FW and 1.18 mg eq GA/g FW, respectively) along with the total antioxidant capacity (8.39 mg eq AsA /g FW).