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Varronia curassavica is a Brazilian native medicinal species. Among the critical points influencing the phytochemical quality of bioactive compounds is the spacing between plants, harvest and post-harvest. This research aimed evaluated the influence of plant distance, harvest season, and leaves drying temperature on the yield and phytochemical quality of V. curassavica essential oil. The organic cultivation was carried out in 2018/2019 using 0.6 x 1.0; 0.8 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.0; 1.0 x 1.6 m spacing between plants. The macro and micronutrient contents of the leaves were evaluated and no considerable changes were observed. In 2018 the harvest was performed in summer, autumn, and winter, and the harvested leaves were immediately submitted to the drying process at 40 °C. In 2019 the harvest was performed in winter, and the leaves were submitted to the drying process at 40, 50, and 60 °C. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and the chemical constituents were evaluated using CG-MS. The essential oil yield was significantly higher in winter and used 0.8 x 1.0 m and 1.0 x 1.0 m spacing between plants. The alpha-humulene content remained within the recommended standards at all analyzed temperatures. Although, the drying temperatures tested did not compromise the alpha-humulene content, the increasing temperature caused a reduction in the essential oil yield. Thus, it is recommended for the organic cultivation of V. currassavica the spacing of 0.8 x 1.0 m and 1.0 m x 1.0 m, and the drying of its leaves between 40 and 50 °C to earn the highest essential oil yield and phytochemical quality.

This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the Varronia curassavica Jacq. essential oil to two cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest species, the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and the green aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). Additionally, we tested the essential oil toxicity to a generalist predatory insect, the green lacewing Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen. The treatments consisted of four essential oil concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) and one control (Tween® 80 + water). At 0.75% concentration, the V. curassavica essential oil caused the highest mortalities for both pests. The concentration of 1.0% of the essential oil interfered mainly in the rates of oviposition and egg hatching and caused a decrease in the instantaneous population growth rate (ri) of T. urticae. Survival of the C. cubana was not affected by the highest tested concentration of the essential oil (1%). Tested concentrations V. curassavica essential oil were toxic to T. urticae and M. persicae, but not to the predator C. cubana.

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinaceae), a traditional plant used to extract medicinal starch that is gluten-free and of excellent nutritional quality, is understudied for its growth and development in the organic crop system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and photoassimilate partitioning in plants of two cultivars, Comum and Seta arrowroot. The design was performed in random blocks with four repetitions. At 57 days after planting (DAP), the plants were collected at regular intervals of 25 days throughout the crop cycle, and the dry mass was determined. Growth analysis was performed using the primary data. The cultivars Comum and Seta show maximum absolute growth rates of 10.51 and 12.42 g plant−1 day−1 and the maximum leaf area index (LAI) of 18.74 and 14.62, as recorded for 216 and 205 DAP, respectively. The higher absolute growth rate and higher growth of arrowroot plants in a shorter time indicate greater precocity of cultivar Seta compared to Comum. The photoassimilate partitioning is balanced between the aerial parts and rhizomes at the end of the cycle. Both cultivars can be recommended for the organic crop system in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais. RESUMO A araruta (Maranta arundinaceae) planta tradicional usada para extração de fécula de excelente qualidade nutricional, medicinal e isenta de glúten, é pouco estudada quanto ao seu crescimento e desenvolvimento em cultivo orgânico. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a partição de fotoassimilados em plantas de duas cultivares de araruta Comum e Seta. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A partir de 57 dias após o plantio (DAP), as plantas foram coletadas a intervalos regulares de 25 dias ao longo do ciclo de cultivo, sendo determinados a massa seca. A partir dos dados primários, foi aplicada a análise de crescimento. As cultivares Comum e Seta tiveram taxa de crescimento absoluto máximos de 10,51 e 12,42 g planta−1 dia−1 e IAF máximos de 18,74 e 14,62, alcançados com 216 e 205 DAP, respectivamente. A maior taxa de crescimento absoluto e o maior crescimento de plantas de araruta num tempo mais curto indicam maior precocidade da cultivar Seta em relação à Comum. A partição de fotoassimilados é equilibrada entre a parte aérea e os rizomas no final do ciclo. As duas cultivares podem ser recomendadas para o sistema de cultivo orgânico na região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais.

A hortela ( Mentha x villosa Huds.) consta na Relacao Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS (RENISUS) devido ao reconhecimento de suas propriedades medicinais, dentre elas a atividade antiparasitaria. Dentre as etapas do processamento pos-colheita de plantas medicinais, destaca-se a secagem como etapa critica e essencial para a conservacao dos compostos bioativos vegetais. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da temperatura de secagem sobre o rendimento e a qualidade fitoquimica do oleo essencial extraido de folhas de hortela. Realizou-se o cultivo em sistema orgânico em Oratorios, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os ramos de hortela foram colhidos e as folhas destacadas e submetidas a secagem em estufa de circulacao forcada de ar a 40, 50 e 60 °C. A extracao do oleo essencial foi feita por hidrodestilacao em aparelho Clevenger, e para identificacao dos constituintes quimicos utilizou-se a cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrofotometro de massas (CG-MS). Constatou-se reducao (P

EnglishNon-Conventional Food Plants (PANC), rich in nutrients and easy cultivation, have potential to improve population nutrition; however it is neglected and might necessary to promote its rescue and dissemination. In this context, the Fair with Science Project: Production, Consumption and Commercialization of Popular Tradition Food and Products was created and the Pedagogical Artistic Installation (IAP) was used, a group dynamic where elements representative of a certain theme are used to stimulate reflection and debate. In this work, the objective was to report and analyze the IAP called PANC - Agro-food Biodiversity as an instrument for building knowledge about PANC. Observations made by the organizers based on a script, later systematization and discourse analysis. The IAP was held at the Exchange of Knowledge event in Federal University of Vicosa and in schools Vicosa, Araponga and Ervalia, Minas Gerais state, involving mainly family farmers and students. They were exposed as elements: cards, pots, seeds, seedlings, plants and publications about PANC and agroecology and information was shared based on the scientific knowledge and experiences of the participants. There was an engaging debate, with strong criticisms of the current agrifood system, highlighting the important role of PANC on the change their. Most participants showed a willingness to consume, produce and disseminate PANC. In conclusion, the Pedagogical Artistic Installation is an effective instrument in building the knowledge of PANC and its dissemination. portuguesAs Plantas Alimenticias Nao Convencionais (PANC), ricas em nutrientes e de facil cultivo, apresentam potencial para a melhoria da alimentacao da populacao; no entanto sao negligenciadas, sendo necessario promover seu resgate e disseminacao. Assim, criou-se o Projeto “Feira com Ciencia: Producao, Consumo e Comercializacao de Alimentos e Produtos da Tradicao Popular, e utilizou-se a Instalacao Artistico Pedagogica (IAP), uma dinâmica de grupo fundamentada na utilizacao de elementos representativos de determinado tema para estimular a reflexao e o debate. Objetivou-se relatar e analisar a IAP denominada “PANC – Biodiversidade Agroalimentar” como instrumento de construcao de conhecimento. Fizeramse observacoes com base em roteiro pre-elaborado, a sistematizacao e analise de discurso. A IAP foi realizada no evento Troca de Saberes na Universidade Federal de Vicosa e em escolas em Vicosa, Araponga e Ervalia, Minas Gerais, com o envolvimento de agricultores familiares, estudantes e pesquisadores. Foram expostos os elementos: tarjetas, vasos, sementes, mudas, plantas e publicacoes sobre PANC e agroecologia e compartilharam-se informacoes com base no conhecimento cientifico e nas experiencias dos participantes. Houve um debate envolvente, com criticas contundentes ao sistema agroalimentar atual, evidenciando-se o importante papel das PANC para mudancas. A maioria dos participantes demonstrou interesse pelo consumo, producao e difusao das PANC. Pode-se concluir que a IAP e um instrumento eficaz de construcao do conhecimento sobre PANC e sua disseminacao.

Mikania laevigata leaves are used worldwide as herbal medicines. Our study investigates the production differences among three different genotypes of this herb: the genotypes’ influence on the essential oil yield, chemical composition, and the plant tissues involved in the secretion of the chemical compounds produced by the leaves. The study performed the analysis during the summer and winter seasons. Plants were grown under an organic cultivation system in Oratorios, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The analysis highlighted substantial genetic variability among the genotypes. The genotype CENARGEN showed higher biomass production, oil yield, and a high concentration of major constituents detected by chromatographic analysis in essential oils, such as germacrene D and caryophyllene oxide. The season affected the chemical composition of the essential oils. Germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene were the major constituents in the winter-essential-oils; spatulenol and caryophyllene oxide were the major constituents in the summer-essential-oils.

Aromatic plants can affect arthropod community composition and reduce herbivore populations by attracting beneficial insects such as generalist predators. To investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the attraction of aromatic plant species to natural enemies in the field, we assessed the attractiveness of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil), Mentha piperita L. (peppermint), Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) (Lamiaceae) and Cordia verbenacea DC (black sage) (Boraginaceae) to adults of the green lacewing Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a generalist predator widely distributed across the Americas. Additionally, we tested whether access to leaves and flowers of these plant species would affect larval survival, development or oviposition by C. cubana . The green lacewing was attracted to basil but not to the other aromatic plants. Larvae and adults did not benefit from the presence of any plant leaves, but basil flowers enhanced C. cubana larval and adult survival. Basil can be recommended as a companion crop in conservation biological control programs, not only for its well-known negative effects on pests, but also for its attractiveness to generalist predatory insects such as C. cubana . Besides attracting adults, basil flowers benefit both larvae and adults, which is desirable for conservation biological control.

Intercropping of vegetables and medicinal plants might produce favorable interactions for both crops, resulting in increased production and profit per unit area. It is known that active compounds can change because of several factors, including the cropping system. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of intercropping of lettuce and marigold on the productivity of these crops and on the flavonoid content of marigold flowers. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of EPAMIG in Oratorios-MG. Treatments consisted of lettuce + marigolds intercropping between rows, lettuce + marigold intercropping between plants, and monocultures of each species. Spacing was 0.3x0.3m. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with ten repetitions. Harvest of lettuce and marigold flowers started 45 days after transplantation (DAT) and extended up to 72 DAT for marigolds. Lettuce and marigold intercropping appears feasible because lettuce production did not differ between the monoculture and intercropped cultivations, and marigold productivity was higher when intercropped with lettuce. No change in the flavonoid (active chemicals of medicinal interest) content in the floral capitula of marigolds was observed. RESUMO: O cultivo consorciado entre hortaliças e plantas medicinais pode promover interação benéfica entre as duas culturas, resultando em aumento na produção e no lucro por unidade de área. Sabe-se também que os princípios ativos podem ser alterados por vários fatores, incluindo o sistema de cultivo. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do consórcio entre alface e calêndula na produtividade destas culturas e no teor de flavonoides em flores de calêndula. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da EPAMIG, em Oratórios-MG. Os tratamentos consistiram em: alface + calêndula entre linhas, alface + calêndula entre plantas e os monocultivos de alface e de calêndula. O espaçamento utilizado foi de 0,3x0,3m. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com dez repetições. A colheita de alface e das flores de calêndula iniciou-se 45 dias após o transplantio (DAT), sendo a colheita de calêndula estendida até os 72 DAT. O consórcio entre alface e calêndula é viável, pois a produção da alface é semelhante entre sistemas consorciados e cultivo solteiro, e a produtividade da calêndula é maior quando consorciada com a alface, não havendo alteração no teor de flavonoides (princípio ativo de interesse medicinal) dos capítulos florais de calêndula.

Arrowroot is a plant little studied in terms of fertilization and nutritional status. This study evaluates the effect of nitrogen fertilization with bovine manure on the nutritional status of arrowroot plants by means of physiological indices, on yield, and on the export of nutrients by rhizomes of two arrowroot varieties. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Factors consisted of two arrowroot varieties (‘Comum’ and ‘Seta’) and six nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 900 kg ha -1 ). At 120 days after planting, the following were evaluated on the second fully expanded young leaf in the main stem: SPAD Index, chlorophyll Index, flavonoid Index, nitrogen balance, and leaf nutrient content. The SPAD and chlorophyll indices correlated positively with total leaf N content and commercial rhizome yield, but there was no significant difference between varieties. The SPAD 502 and Dualex readings were efficient in diagnosing N status in arrow­root plants. Commercial rhizome yields were 47.9 t ha -1 for variety ‘Seta’, with 778 kg ha -1 N; and 43.2 t ha -1 for variety ‘Comum’, with 900 kg ha -1 N.

The Brazilian fruits have characteristics that encompass the shape, color, flavor and the functional properties attributed to their bioactive compounds that play a fundamental role in the prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes as well as that originate in cellular oxidative stress, as premature aging and cancer. Thus, this work investigated the antioxidant activity in very ripen fruits of Seriguela (TSMM), Mangaba (TMMM) and Cagaita (TCMM). The fruits were segregated and extracted with ethanol PA, by maceration. The extractive liquid was filtered and evaporated under pressure and low temperature (40 °C) to obtain the residue dried. The antioxidant activity was done by adding 5 mg of extract of the treatments to 1 mL of 4 mM DPPH solution. The absorbance was measured at 520 nm using the BHA as reference substance and DPPH solution as the control. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were at equivalent zero time in seriguela and cagaita. In 30 minutes, all the treatments were equivalent, validating the antioxidant potential over time as verified in the regression equations ŷ =-0.0201x2+1.8418x+51.92 (R2=1) in TCMM; ŷ=0.0448x2+4.0801x+4.9242 in TMMM and ŷ=-0.0199x2+1.8752x+50.909 in TSMM.

Coumarin, o-coumaric, and kaurenoic acid are bioactive compounds usually found in the leaves of Mikania laevigata. Genetic and environmental variations in the secondary metabolites of plants may have implications for their biological effects. Three different accessions of M. laevigata cultivated in four sites between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn in Brazil were evaluated aiming to present potential raw materials and discuss relationships among these three bioactive compounds. The results revealed effects of plant accessions and environmental factors and suggested two contrasting chemical phenotypes of M. laevigata. The first phenotype presented the highest levels of kaurenoic acid (2283 ± 316 mg/100 g) besides lower levels of coumarin (716 ± 61 mg/100 g), which was also stimulated by the environment and mild climate at the site nearest to the Tropic of Capricorn. The other phenotype presented the lowest levels of kaurenoic acid (137 ± 17 mg/100 g) besides higher levels of coumarin (1362 ± 108 mg/100 g), which was also stimulated by the environment and tropical climate at the site nearest to the Equatorial beach.

A adubação orgânica é uma alternativa para o cultivo de hortaliças como a alface, pois fornece nutriente e matéria orgânica ao solo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e a exportação de nutrientes pela alface americana ‘Kaiser’ cultivada em solo adubado com fertilizantes orgânicos. A pesquisa foi realizada na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG, em Oratórios - MG, entre os meses de setembro e novembro de 2012. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 10 tratamentos, sendo estes: seis tipos de compostos orgânicos, esterco bovino, húmus de minhoca, lodo de águas residuárias da suinocultura e o controle (sem adubação). A aplicação dos fertilizantes orgânicos aumentou em 42% a produtividade da alface comparada ao controle. As maiores produtividades e massa fresca da parte aérea foram alcançadas com os seguintes fertilizantes orgânicos: bagaço de cana-de-açúcar + casca de café + esterco bovino + dejeto de suíno; bagaço de cana-de-açúcar + pseudocaule de bananeira + dejeto de suíno; pseudocaule de bananeira + casca de café + esterco bovino; e com o esterco bovino. Na exportação de nutrientes observou-se a seguinte ordem: N>K>Ca>P>Mg>S e Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu e as quantidades exportadas foram: 108,9; 104,9; 27,5; 23,6; 10,8; 6,9 kg ha-1 e 23,2; 3,0; 2,6; 0,4 g ha-1, respectivamente. A aplicação de fertilizantes orgânicos para o cultivo da alface americana ‘Kaiser’ aumenta a produtividade da cultura e reduz os impactos gerados pelo descarte indevido de resíduos orgânicos no ambiente. The organic fertilizer is an alternative to the cultivation of vegetables such as lettuce because it provides nutrients and organic matter to the soil. So this work aimed to evaluate the yield and nutrients exported by lettuce ‘Kaiser’ grown in soil with organic fertilizers. The experiment was carried out in Oratórios- MG from September to November 2012. We used a randomized block design with four replications and ten treatments: six organic compounds (T1: sugarcane trash (BCA) + coffee straw (CC) + waste of bovine (EB); T2: BCA + CC + waste of swine (DS); T3: BCA + CC + EB + DS; T4: BCA + EB + DS; T5: BCA + banana tree pseudostem (PB) + DS; T6: PB + CC + EB), T7: cattle manure, T8: humus, T9: pond sludge wastewater and the T10: control (without fertilization). The application of organic fertilizers increased productivity (42%) compared to control. Highest productivities and highest shoots fresh weight were achieved with organic compounds: T1; T5; T6; and T7. In this treatments, the average amounts of nutrients exported in decreasing order were: N (115.1), K (107.4), Ca (30.0), P (26.10), Mg (11.7), S (7.1) kg ha -1 e Fe (24.9), Mn (3.2), Zn (3.0), Cu (0.5) g ha -1 . The use of organic fertilizers for growing lettuce ‘Kaiser’ increases productivity and reduces the negative impacts caused by improper disposal of organic waste in the environment.

Porophyllum ruderale (Asteraceae) é uma erva ruderal e aromática conhecida popularmente como couve-cravinho. Na medicina popular, é utilizada como cicatrizante e antiinflamatória, antifúngica, antibacteriana, calmante, no combate à hipertensão arterial, no tratamento de leishmaniose, no tratamento de edemas e traumatismos, no tratamento de picada de cobra, doenças reumáticas e dores em geral. A atividade cicatrizante tem sido relacionada à presença de teores variáveis de compostos fenólicos do tipo taninos. Os objetivos do trabalho foram caracterizar as estruturas secretoras quanto à histolocalização dos compostos fenólicos e lipídicos e descrever a anatomia da raiz, do caule e da folha de couve-cravinho. De cinco plantas cultivadas, em fase de prefloração, foram coletadas a raiz, o caule e a folha, os quais foram fixados em FAA 50 ou em sulfato ferroso em formalina neutra tamponada (para observação de compostos fenólicos) e submetidos ao teste com Sudan III, visando a observação de compostos lipídicos. O laminário foi obtido utilizando-se metodologia tradicional. As raízes são tetrarcas, desenvolvem estrutura secundária e apresentam ductos secretores, os quais estavam presentes no córtex. O caule possui epiderme unisseriada recoberta por cutícula relativamente espessa; o parênquima cortical é intercalado com o colênquima subepidérmico; a medula é parenquimática; e os feixes são colaterais. Nos caules, os ductos também estavam presentes, porém somente nos jovens a reação para compostos fenólicos foi positiva. Nas folhas, o contorno das células epidérmicas é sinuoso e a epiderme é unisseriada e recoberta por cutícula delgada. São evidentes duas a três camadas de colênquima subepidérmico, e imerso no parênquima fundamental está o feixe colateral. No limbo foliar, foram observados ductos delimitados por várias camadas de células epiteliais, cujo conteúdo reagiu positivamente, indicando a presença de compostos lipídicos e fenólicos. Conclui-se que os ductos do caule e do limbo foliar são provavelmente as estruturas responsáveis pela secreção de tanino e que apenas os ductos do limbo foliar são responsáveis pela secreção de compostos lipídicos. Porophyllum ruderale (Asteraceae) is a ruderal aromatic herb, known as "couve-cravinho". It is used in folk medicine for cicatrisation, as anti inflammatory, fungicide,anti bacterial, anti stress, to combat arterial hypertension, leishmaniosis, traumatism,, antidote against snake poison, pain relief and rheumatism. Cicatrizing activity has been related with concentration of tannin, a type of phenolic compound. The objectives of this work were to characterize the secretory structures as to the histolocalization of the phenolic and lipid compounds and to describe the anatomy of root, stem and leaf collected from five cultivated plants, during the pre blossom phase, and fixed in FAA 50 or in solution of ferrous sulfate in formalin (for observation of the phenolic compounds). The slides were collected using traditional methodology. The roots are tetrarch, develop secondary structure, and have cortex ducts. Stem possesses relatively thick unisserial epidermis re-covered by cuticle; cortical parenchyma is interspersed with sub epidermic chollenchyma; the marrow is parenchematic and the beams are collateral. The ducts were present in the stems, but only in the young stem phenolic compound reaction was positive. In the leaves, the contour of the cells is winding, the epidermis consisting of a single layer of cells and covered with a thin cuticle; the two or three layers of subepidermic chollenchyma are evidenced and the collateral beam is immersed in the basic parenchyma. In the foliar limb, ducts were found to be delimited by several layers of epithelial cells whose content reacted positively indicating the presence of lipid and phenolic compounds. It was concluded that the stem and leaf ducts are probably the structures responsible for tannin secretion and only the leaf ducts are responsible for lipid compound secretion.

Foram avaliados a produtividade, acúmulo de nitrato e estado nutricional das cultivares de alface Regina, Babá de Verão e Grandes Lagos em cultivo hidropônico. O experimento foi conduzido no outono, de 25/03 a 20/05/99 em estufa da UFV. Foram avaliados dois conjuntos de fontes de nutrientes para compor as soluções nutritivas de crescimento vegetativo, que continham: 13,6; 1,0; 7,0; 4,48; e 2,5 mmol L-1 de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, respectivamente. O enxofre foi fornecido na concentração de 3,5 ou 2,5 mmol L-1 e os micronutrientes nas concentrações de 45; 32; 46; 2; 0,9; e 0,2 mmol L-1 para Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu e Mo, respectivamente. A solução 1 forneceu 21,9% de N na forma amoniacal, e a solução 2, 100% de N na forma de nitrato. As fontes de P empregadas foram fosfato monoamônico e fosfato monopotássico para as soluções 1 e 2 respectivamente, sendo que esta variação implicou no uso de diferentes quantidades de KCl nas soluções, o que proporcionou concentrações diferentes de Cl, apresentando-se 6,76 e 2,18 mmol L-1 para as soluções 1 e 2, respectivamente. O cultivo foi feito em recipiente plástico com 8L de capacidade, contendo três plantas. Os recipientes foram arranjados de modo que se obtivesse espaçamento de 0,22 m entre plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com seis repetições, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 (soluções x cultivares). Cada parcela foi constituída por três plantas. Foram avaliados o peso da matéria fresca da parte aérea, folhas, raízes e caule, número de folhas, comprimento do caule, porcentagem de matéria seca das folhas e estado nutricional da planta. A cv. Regina produziu 233 g planta-1 e a cv. Babá de Verão 193 g planta-1. Os resultados obtidos para a cultivar Grandes Lagos não foram satisfatórios nas condições do experimento. A solução 1 proporcionou menores concentrações de nitrato para as cultivares Grandes Lagos (1082 mg kg-1 de matéria fresca) e Regina (1092 mg kg-1 de matéria fresca). As plantas apresentaram altas concentrações de Mn, mas sem sintomas de toxidez. Em geral, a nutrição das plantas foi adequada para os dois conjuntos de fontes de nutrientes testados.The yield, nitrate concentration and nutritional status of the lettuce cvs. Regina, Babá de Verão and Great Lakes cultivated in hydroponic system were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in fall from March to June/99 in a greenhouse of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Two groups of nutrient sources were evaluated to compose the nutritive solutions. The solutions were composed of 13.6; 1; 7; 4.48; and 2.5 mmol L-1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively. The sulfur contents were 3.5 or 2.5 mmol L-1 and micronutrient contents were 45; 32; 46; 2; 0.9; and 0.2 mmol L-1 of Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu and Mo, respectively. The solution 1 supplied 21,9% of N-NH4+, and the solution 2, 100% of N-NO3. The phosphorus sources employed were NH4H2PO4 and KH2PO4 for the solutions 1 and 2, respectively, and this variation implied in the use of different amounts of KCl in the solutions, providing different concentrations of Cl of 6.76 and 2.18 mmol L-1 for the solutions 1 and 2, respectively. Lettuce plants were grown in plastic recipient with 8 L of capacity. The recipients containing three plants were arranged to obtain spacing of 0.22 m between plants. A randomized block design in a 2 x 3 (solutions x cultivars) factorial scheme, with six replications and three plants per plot was used. The fresh matter of shoots, leaves, roots and stems, number of leaves, stem length, leaves dry matter and plant nutricional status were evaluated. The yield of cv. Regina was 233 g plant-1 and of cv. Babá de Verão was 193 g plant-1. The cv. Great Lakes presented low yield. The solution 1 provided smaller nitrate concentrations for Great Lakes (1082 mg kg-1 in fresh matter) and Regina (1092 mg kg-1 in fresh matter). The plants presented high concentrations of Mn, but without toxic symptoms. The plant nutritional status was satisfactory.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of organic farming‑compatible products to the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella. Lime sulphur, enriched Bordeaux mixture (Viça Café Plus), and the "supermagro" biofertilizer were first tested in laboratory. The most promising product was tested afterwards under field conditions. In laboratory, different concentrations of each product were applied on L. coffeella eggs and on infested coffee‑mined leaves. Only lime sulphur had ovicidal effects at an acceptable concentration (1.6%) for field applications, but no significant effect on larvae mortality was found. Enriched Bordeaux mixture and the "supermagro" biofertilizer had no effect on L. coffeella eggs and larvae. In the field trial, biweekly or monthly sprayings of lime sulphur at different concentrations caused population decrease after 30 days; however, this effect was not significant after 60 or 90 days. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade de produtos compatíveis com a agricultura orgânica ao bicho‑mineiro Leucoptera coffeella. A calda sulfocálcica, a calda Viçosa comercial (Viça Café Plus) e biofertilizante supermagro foram testados inicialmente em laboratório. O produto mais eficaz foi posteriormente testado em condições de campo. Em laboratório, diferentes concentrações de cada produto foram aplicadas sobre ovos de L. coffeella e sobre folhas de café infestadas com o bicho‑mineiro. Apenas a calda sulfocálcica teve efeito ovicida a uma concentração (1,6%), viável para aplicação no campo; porém, sem nenhum efeito significativo sobre a mortalidade das larvas. A calda Viçosa comercial e o biofertilizante supermagro não tiveram efeito sobre ovos e larvas de L. coffeella. No experimento de campo, a pulverização quinzenal ou mensal de diferentes concentrações da calda causou a redução da população 30 dias após a aplicação; no entanto, esse efeito não foi significativo após 60 ou 90 dias.

Seis espécies de plantas ornamentais: Viola tricolor, Antirrhinum majus, Phlox drummondii, Petunia hibrida, Statice sinuata e Alyssum maritimun foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva com e sem agente tamponante, num experimento fatorial inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Avaliou-se o tempo para germinação, produção de muda, início do florescimento, teores de nutrientes e perdas do vigor e da qualidade das flores. As plantas foram colhidas quando perderam o vigor e a qualidade das flores. Dentre as espécies cultivadas, a que apresentou menor ciclo foi boca-de-leão (Antirrhinum majus). Boca-de-leão (Antirrhinum majus) e petúnia (Petúnia x hybrida) monstraram-se melhor esenvolvidas quando cultivadas com agente tamponante. Amorperfeito (Viola tricolor) e flox (Phlox drummondii) tenderam a um melhor desenvolvimento em solução nutritiva sem agente tamponante. Para estátice (Statice sinuata) e alisso (Alyssum maritimun) as soluções empregadas não resultaram em diferenças significativas no crescimento das plantas, embora o vigor e número de flores de alisso apresentem superioridade em presença de agente tamponante.

Foram avaliados a produtividade, acúmulo de nitrato e estado nutricional das cultivares de alface Regina, Babá de Verão e Grandes Lagos em cultivo hidropônico. O experimento foi conduzido no outono, de 25/03 a 20/05/99 em estufa da UFV. Foram avaliados dois conjuntos de fontes de nutrientes para compor as soluções nutritivas de crescimento vegetativo, que continham: 13,6; 1,0; 7,0; 4,48; e 2,5 mmol L-1 de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, respectivamente. O enxofre foi fornecido na concentração de 3,5 ou 2,5 mmol L-1 e os micronutrientes nas concentrações de 45; 32; 46; 2; 0,9; e 0,2 mmol L-1 para Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu e Mo, respectivamente. A solução 1 forneceu 21,9% de N na forma amoniacal, e a solução 2, 100% de N na forma de nitrato. As fontes de P empregadas foram fosfato monoamônico e fosfato monopotássico para as soluções 1 e 2 respectivamente, sendo que esta variação implicou no uso de diferentes quantidades de KCl nas soluções, o que proporcionou concentrações diferentes de Cl, apresentando-se 6,76 e 2,18 mmol L-1 para as soluções 1 e 2, respectivamente. O cultivo foi feito em recipiente plástico com 8L de capacidade, contendo três plantas. Os recipientes foram arranjados de modo que se obtivesse espaçamento de 0,22 m entre plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com seis repetições, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 (soluções x cultivares). Cada parcela foi constituída por três plantas. Foram avaliados o peso da matéria fresca da parte aérea, folhas, raízes e caule, número de folhas, comprimento do caule, porcentagem de matéria seca das folhas e estado nutricional da planta. A cv. Regina produziu 233 g planta-1 e a cv. Babá de Verão 193 g planta-1. Os resultados obtidos para a cultivar Grandes Lagos não foram satisfatórios nas condições do experimento. A solução 1 proporcionou menores concentrações de nitrato para as cultivares Grandes Lagos (1082 mg kg-1 de matéria fresca) e Regina (1092 mg kg-1 de matéria fresca). As plantas apresentaram altas concentrações de Mn, mas sem sintomas de toxidez. Em geral, a nutrição das plantas foi adequada para os dois conjuntos de fontes de nutrientes testados. The yield, nitrate concentration and nutritional status of the lettuce cvs. Regina, Babá de Verão and Great Lakes cultivated in hydroponic system were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in fall from March to June/99 in a greenhouse of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Two groups of nutrient sources were evaluated to compose the nutritive solutions. The solutions were composed of 13.6; 1; 7; 4.48; and 2.5 mmol L-1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively. The sulfur contents were 3.5 or 2.5 mmol L-1 and micronutrient contents were 45; 32; 46; 2; 0.9; and 0.2 mmol L-1 of Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu and Mo, respectively. The solution 1 supplied 21,9% of N-NH4+, and the solution 2, 100% of N-NO3. The phosphorus sources employed were NH4H2PO4 and KH2PO4 for the solutions 1 and 2, respectively, and this variation implied in the use of different amounts of KCl in the solutions, providing different concentrations of Cl of 6.76 and 2.18 mmol L-1 for the solutions 1 and 2, respectively. Lettuce plants were grown in plastic recipient with 8 L of capacity. The recipients containing three plants were arranged to obtain spacing of 0.22 m between plants. A randomized block design in a 2 x 3 (solutions x cultivars) factorial scheme, with six replications and three plants per plot was used. The fresh matter of shoots, leaves, roots and stems, number of leaves, stem length, leaves dry matter and plant nutricional status were evaluated. The yield of cv. Regina was 233 g plant-1 and of cv. Babá de Verão was 193 g plant-1. The cv. Great Lakes presented low yield. The solution 1 provided smaller nitrate concentrations for Great Lakes (1082 mg kg-1 in fresh matter) and Regina (1092 mg kg-1 in fresh matter). The plants presented high concentrations of Mn, but without toxic symptoms. The plant nutritional status was satisfactory.