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La siguiente monografía tiene como finalidad analizar cuáles son los requerimientos para la producción y la utilización de mezclas asfálticas tipo SMA en Colombia, debido a que este tipo de mezcla no se ha fabricado en Colombia a pesar de sus ventajas comprobadas. Este tipo de mezcla puede contribuir de manera positiva a las vías en Colombia, ya tiene una vida útil mucho mayor que las mezclas asfálticas convencionales y es más resistente a la fatiga y el ahuellamiento, gracias que su matriz que está compuesta por agregados gruesos. The following monograph aims to analyze what are the requirements for the production and use of asphalt mixes type SMA in Colombia, because this type of mixture has not been manufactured in Colombia despite its proven advantages. This type of mixture can contribute positively to the roads in Colombia, already has a much longer life than conventional asphalt mixtures and is more resistant to fatigue and rutting, thanks to its matrix that is composed of coarse aggregates. http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Pregrado

Implementation of project management in project management practices to prevent extreme natural emergency situations on main roads will significantly save the budget of the projects, to reduce the time of their execution, improve the quality of work performed on the project. One of the most important components of successful prevention project management of natural emergency situations is the ability to identify, assess and manage risks. Analysis of risks is conducted in the article. These risks are possible in the prevention project management of natural emergency situations on the main roads.A mathematical model of the planning of the prevention project of natural emergency situations on the main roads is developed. This model takes into account the risks, which belongs to a class of mathematical programming problems with many criteria.As a scientific novelty, a mathematical model of the planning of the prevention project of natural emergency situations on the main roads, taking into account risks is first developed.The practical importance. The model of planning of the prevention project of natural emergency situations on the main roads can be used to create automated decision support systems of prevention project management prevention of natural emergency situations on the main roads, to development of AWS of project executives and managers., Одной из важнейших составляющих успешного управления проектами предупреждения чрезвычайных природных ситуаций является способность выявлять, оценивать риски и управлять ими. Проведен анализ рисков, которые возможны при управлении проектами предупреждения чрезвычайных природных ситуаций на магистральных автодорогах. Разработана математическая модель планирования работ по проекту предупреждения чрезвычайных природных ситуационная магистральных автодорогах с учетом рисков, которая относится к классу задач математического программирования со многими критериями. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при планировании работ различных проектов с учетом рисков., Однією з найважливіших складових успішного управління проектами попередження надзвичайних природних ситуацій є здатність виявляти, оцінювати ризики і управляти ними. Проведено аналіз ризиків, які можливі при управлінні проектами попередження надзвичайних природних ситуацій на магістральних автодорогах. Розроблено математичну модель планування робіт за проектом попередження надзвичайних природних ситуаційна магістральних автодорогах з урахуванням ризиків, яка відноситься до класу задач математичного програмування за багатьма критеріями. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані при плануванні робіт різних проектів з урахуванням ризиків.

The aim of this paper is to provide feedback on the question of socioeconomic benefits from rural road development and the impact of transport infrastructure on the poor, particularly the poorest and the bottom 20 percent of the population. This paper relies on impact evaluation methodologies, which are traditionally used in social sectors but less so in the transport sector. The study, including first surveys, was launched in 2003 under the Tocantins Sustainable Regional Development Project. The paper highlights the context that led to the project’s design, which included an impact evaluation of the works envisaged under the project. The paper also highlights some of the main challenges faced by this impact evaluation and how these challenges were addressed for the present study. It then provides details about the data collected during the surveys and the key relevant characteristics of the population targeted by the surveys. It discusses the possible estimation methods envisioned to undertake the study and provides the main results of the assessment based on these methods. The analysis shows that improved rural roads changed people’s transport modal choice. People used more public buses and individual motorized vehicles after the rural road improvements. The paper also finds that the project increased school attendance, particularly for girls. Although the evidence is relatively weak in statistical terms, it indicates that the project contributed to increasing agricultural jobs and household income in certain regions.

La crescita nel breve periodo (2008-2012) della cartografia di OpenStreetMap (OSM) in Italia certifica la vitalità della nostra comunità. Tuttavia, pur manifestando un elevato standard di qualità (paragonabile a scala nazionale), in alcuni contesti territoriali, localizzati più frequentemente al sud, la cartografia appare talvolta ancora carente. Il presente contributo esamina il ruolo che gioca la diffusione della rete nella creazione delle mappe partecipative. In particolare vengono analizzate due situazioni alquanto diverse del nostro Paese: la Provincia di Trento, caratterizzata da elevata accessibilità ad Internet, e quella di Benevento, in cui si verifica il contrario. Vengono posti a confronto i dati sulla viabilità principale derivati dalla cartografia di OSM con quelli delle cartografie ufficiali (Provincia Autonoma di Trento e Regione Campania), per comprendere l'attuale grado di copertura di OSM (in termini percentuali) nei due territori analizzati. Inoltre, incrociando il dato relativo alla viabilità con quello dell'uso del suolo (derivato da Corine Land Cover, aggiornato al 2006) si determina la lunghezza delle strade mappate da OSM in funzione del contesto territoriale, per cercare di comprendere se esistano differenze sostanziali nella qualità della mappa partecipativa realizzata in ambiti urbani o rurali. The quick growth of the OpenStreetMap (OSM) cartography in Italy represents an agreeable surprise. However, the results achieved are sometimes very different, so often in the map of Southern Italy there are several examples that put in evidence a poor quality of OSM cartography. This paper surveys the role of a digital divide in the creation of collaborative maps. We consider two study areas, the Province of Trento (located in Northern Italy), where network connections holds an overall good quality, and the Province of Benevento (in Southern Italy), with an opposite situation. We compare main roads of OSM map with those derived from official maps. So we quantify, in percentage, how much “work” has been done by OSM volunteered in these two different realities. Besides, we crossed both main roads vector data with the Corine Land Cover data (updated to 2006) in order to analyse the role of land use on the quality of OSM cartography.

İstanbul’un karayolu yoğun hatlarında araçlar sabah ve akşam pik saatlerinde seyirlerini dur-kalk hareketleri ile düşük hızlarında sürdürebilmektedir. Araçlar bu trafik akımı hızında seyahat sürelerini, serbest akım hızı koşullarına kıyasla 9-10 kat daha artırmak zorunda kalabilmektedir. Bu durum gerek sistemin, gerekse araçların ve insanların verimliliğini önemli ölçülerde düşürmekte, karayolu kullanım ve kullanıcı maliyetlerini de aynı oranlarda artırabilmektedir. İstanbul’un bu karayolu hatlarında zaman ve enerji kaybı yaratan sıkışıklık sorununa karşı akılcı ve ekonomik çözümler araştırılmakta ve geliştirilmektedir. Bu yönde çalışma, İstanbul’un sıkışık ana karayolu hatlarına uygun trafik akımı girişleri ile ana karayolu hatlarında uygun trafik akımı ve kapasite yönetimi uygulanabilir yönetim önlemlerinin araştırılmasını amaçlamıştır. İstanbul’un ulaştırma sorunlarının, öncelikle kısa ve orta dönemli teknik ve ekonomik kapasite modelleri ile uygun talep ve kapasite planlama yönetimi yaklaşımları doğrultusunda araştırılabileceği görüldü. Bu araştırmanın bir parçası olan kuyruk modeli yaklaşımında trafik akımı talebinin artması yönünde birim başına kapasite kullanım maliyeti bileşeni düşerken sıkışma bekleme zaman maliyeti bileşenin arttığı, artabileceği gözlemlendi. Yine trafik talebinin azalması yönünde bertilen birim maliyetlerde ters değişim ilişkileri oluşmakta olduğu görüldü. Bu yönde İstanbul’un yoğun ana ulaştırma hatlarında yönetim karar ölçütlerinin; maksimum teknik kapasite ve kuyruk teorisi modellerinin birbiri ile bağlantılı olan uygun talep ve kapasite bulguları doğrultusunda araştırılabileceği, belirlenebileceği gözlendi. Aynı yönde uygun trafik akımı için uygun önlemler önemli ve öncelikli görüldü. Kamuoyunun, sürücülerin ve trafik akımı görevlilerinin bilinçlendirilmesi önemli görüldü., As depending on the increasing passenger and private automobile demand in transportation main roads in Istanbul, the traffic flows have been investigated the approaching to technical capacities, and also the occurring the congestions and bottle-necks. This study’s goal is to discuss the applications of the relationships of the technical capacity and the single service lines density with queuing models in passenger transportation main roads, especially for Istanbul. According to this goal, at first, the conditions of the technical capacity were researched and formulated. And then the conditions of the optimum demand and capacity were researched and formulated depending on the single service lines with the queuing models in passenger transportation roads. In this study, the productivity of the transportation main roads has been obtained in the conditions of the optimum demand and capacity, and at the capacities approaching to technical capacities.