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Cross‐coupling and current sharing are the main problems faced by modular wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) applications. In this study, a decoupled dual‐channel wireless power transfer loosely coupled transformer (LCT) with a hybrid core composed of nanocrystalline and ferrite is proposed for modular WPT systems, as well as WPT systems with specific hybrid topology or detuned compensation. Firstly, the requirements of the LCT for modular parallel dual‐channel WPT system and detuned compensation are discussed. For these requirements, the structure and corresponding optimization design method of the decoupled dual‐channel LCT with a hybrid core is then proposed, and an LCT is designed with this method for the case study. Furthermore, the LCT is analysed by the finite element method (FEM). It is revealed that the mutual inductances of the proposed LCT between transmitting and receiving coils can be symmetrical under misalignment in multiple directions, while the cross‐coupling is eliminated. Finally, the designed LCT is manufactured and verified in a modular parallel dual‐channel WPT system. The experimental results show that the current and power sharing is realized under misalignment in multiple directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional soft ferrite manufacturing is limited to simple geometries and materials, while 3D printing offers greater flexibility for complex designs. Notably, soft ferrites are crucial for magnetic couplers (pads) in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems to achieve efficient wireless power transmission. The adoption of soft ferrite 3D printing in IPT systems could lead to significantly improved magnetic coupler design, yet research in this area is limited. Hence, the paper first makes a comprehensive comparison of the existing soft ferrite 3D printing methods to ascertain their suitability for magnetic couplers in IPT systems, and then proposes the binder jetting (BJT) as a potential 3D printing approach that could be appropriate for IPT magnetic coupler implementation being versatile, cost‐effective, and suitable for large‐scale manufacturing with high precision. This paper explores the suitability of BJT by 3D printing toroid cores with Mn–Zn ferrite powder under different sintering temperature profiles. Experimental results are presented to show that toroid cores can be 3D printed with high printing precision, mechanical strength, and a relative permeability of 10. This paper also highlights the impact of sintering temperature on 3D‐printed cores, the challenges, limitations, and future research directions of soft ferrite 3D printing for IPT magnetic couplers by the BJT method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromodulation stands as a cornerstone in the therapeutic landscape for neurological disorders, yet the quest for selective stimulation of specific brain regions with minimal invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a multifunctional nano‐optical electrode (NOE) to mitigate depressive symptoms in animal models of depression is introduced. The NOEs' core–shell architecture integrates mesoporous carbon shells for optimal absorption of near‐infrared (NIR) light, alongside superparamagnetic ferric oxide nanocluster cores for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visibility. This configuration enables the precise excitation of untransfected neurons using NIR irradiation. The MRI‐guided NIR neuromodulation via NOEs can significantly alleviate depressive symptoms in mice. This is evidenced by the observed enhancement in pleasure‐seeking behaviors, improved motor functions, and a decrease in behaviors indicative of despair. The alleviation of depressive symptoms is ascribed to the NOEs' role as an efficient NIR light transducer, which boosts neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The MRI compatibility of the NOEs augments the spatial resolution, further refining the precision of neuromodulation. The multimodal, precise, transcranial, and non‐genetic approach of the NOEs‐based neuromodulation strategy heralds a new era in the optical‐theranostics of neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In addition to inheriting the merits of interleaved parallel inverters, the internal parallel structure (IPS) inverter has the advantages of reduced circulating current and lower switching loss. Currently, however, the suppression of circulating current and output current ripple individually results in an evident increase in the number and volume of inductors. In this work, an inductor integration scheme is developed to improve the IPS inverter. Two integrated inductors are developed for different application configurations. As a result, the circulating current and output current ripple are simultaneously suppressed by an integrated inductor, making each phase of the IPS inverter to be equipped with only one integrated inductor implemented by wounding two coils on one magnetic core. The feasibility of the inductor integration scheme for the IPS inverter is experimentally verified by a downscale prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their advantages of light weight, complete coating and good formability, the poor high-temperature stability of organic materials limits their use as insulation coatings for soft magnetic powders. Therefore, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)/silicone resin (SR) double organic insulation layer was exploited to release internal stress and maintain insulation stability during the high-temperature annealing process, which achieved low core losses (Pcv) and high effective permeability (μe). Cross-sectional scanning transition images indicate that the PEI/SR layer undergoes the following evolution during annealing at 500–900°C: coating → densification → crack → rupture, implying thermal stability up to 700°C. Because of the integrity of double inorganic shells and the weak pin on magnetic domain movement, FeSiAl@PEI/SR cores annealed at 800°C deliver remarkable AC soft magnetic performance at 50 and 100 kHz, that is, low Pcv of 61.6 mW/cm3 (50 mT, 100 kHz), 121.2 mW/cm3 (100 mT, 50 kHz) and 307.3 mW/cm3 (100 mT, 100 kHz), high μe of 55.6 up to 1 MHz and 140°C, and DC bias of 51.5% at 100 Oe. Eddy current loss reaches the minimum value at 700°C and deteriorates at 800°C, and hysteresis loss continues to decrease with increasing annealing temperature, confirming the evolution of the insulation layer. Moreover, cores annealed at 700°C deliver μe of 57.6 at 1 MHz and Pcv of 278 mW/cm3 (20 mT, 1 MHz), exhibiting great potential for 1 MHz frequency power applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolite imidazole‐based framework (ZIF‐67), a notable class of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), shows promise in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for pollutant degradation due to its uniformly distributed cobalt ions. However, its nanoparticle form and the elution of cobalt ions during use cause challenges in recycling and the risk of secondary pollution. In this study, a magnetic core‐shell hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) on the MOF (HOF‐on‐Fe3O4/ZIF‐67) is successfully prepared. The porous HOF shell not only protects the active sites and mitigates cobalt ion leaching but also reduces mass transfer limitations, ensuring sustained catalytic performance. The magnetic Fe3O4 core enhances electron transfer between cobalt ions, boosts catalytic efficiency, and facilitates easy separation and recycling. This core‐shell structure effectively activates PMS, achieving 100% removal of Rhodamine B, a model wastewater dye, within 10 min (Rh B = 50 mg L−1, HFZ = 150 mg L−1, PMS = 1.5 mm, pH = 7, room temperature). Furthermore, under the protection of the HOF shell, cobalt ion leaching is minimized to a negligible value (0.14 mg L−1) after 5 cycles of use. The research provides fresh perspectives into the development of core‐shell composite materials with improved performance and recyclability in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper presents a flyback converter with high efficiency and high power density. An optimal design method for high power density planar transformers is presented. Applying the principle of flux cancellation, a matrix transformer that originally needed an independent magnetic core was integrated into a single magnetic core to reduce the volume of the core. This method effectively reduces the printed circuit board (PCB) layer number of the planar transformer and increases the possibility of the application of the planar transformer in the flyback converter. An optimized design method of the winding structure is given according to that model to further reduce the winding loss of the transformer. Meanwhile, the proposed structure is verified by finite element analysis software. Finally, a multi‐output flyback converter with a frequency of 100 kHz is designed to verify the practical performance of the proposed transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure-preserved coring is an effective means to develop deep resources. However, due to the complexity of existing pressure-preserved technology, the average success rate of pressure-preserved coring is low. In response, a novel in situ magnetically controlled self-sealing pressure-preserved coring technology for deep reserves has been proposed and validated. This innovative technology distinguishes itself from conventional methods by employing noncontact forces to replace traditional pretensioning mechanisms, thereby enhancing the mechanical design of pressure-preserved coring equipment and significantly boosting the fault tolerance of the technology. Here, we report on the design, theoretical calculations, experimental validation, and industrial testing of this technology. Through theoretical and simulation calculations, the self-sealing composite magnetic field of the pressure controller was optimized. The initial pre-tensioning force of the optimal magnetic field was 13.05 N. The reliability of the magnetically controlled self-sealing pressure-preserved coring technology was verified using a self-developed self-sealing pressure performance testing platform, confirming the accuracy of the composite magnetic field calculation theory. Subsequently, a magnetically controlled self-triggering pressure-preserved coring device was designed. Field pressure-preserved coring was then conducted, preliminarily verifying the technology's effective self-sealing performance in industrial applications. Furthermore, the technology was analyzed and verified to be adaptable to complex reservoir environments with pressures up to 30 MPa, temperatures up to 80 ℃, and pH values ranging from 1 to 14. These research results provide technical support for multidirectional pressure-preserved coring, thus paving a new technical route for deep energy exploration through coring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimization or tailoring of magnetic anisotropies in the order of magneto-crystal, magneto-elastic and external field-induced anisotropies are effective way of improving soft-magnetism in nanocrystalline alloys. The recently developed Fe-rich nanocrystalline alloys have been found to exhibit positive magnetostriction behaviour and magnetic coercivity twice that of FINEMET alloys, after optimal annealing. This makes uniaxial tensile-stress annealing a promising method to improve the soft-magnetism of these alloys. In that direction, the present study investigates the influence of tensile stress annealing on structure, soft-magnetic, magnetostriction and core-loss properties of Fe-rich Fe83Si2B9P4Nb1Cu1 nanocrystalline ribbons. The samples were uniformly annealed at 480 °C for 4 min with varying uniaxial tensile stress ranging from 0 to 180 MPa. The XRD results showed that all annealed ribbons had a uniform nanocrystalline microstructure consisting of a BCC α-Fe(Si) phase with an average grain size of less than 20 nm, irrespective of the applied stress. However, the magnetic properties were highly sensitive to the magnitude of the tensile stress during nanocrystallization annealing. The optimal tensile stress ranging from 90-140 MPa resulted in the best combination of soft-magnetic properties (11–12 A/m) and high squareness ratio (0.8-0.9). These ribbons also depicted longitudinal anisotropy (Ku ≤ 0). On the other hand, tensile stress above 165 MPa resulted in the deterioration of magnetic properties (> 24 A/m) and transverse anisotropy behaviour (Ku > 0). The transformation of tensile stress-induced anisotropy from longitudinal to transverse was characterized by the reduction of the magnetostriction constant and change in the magnetization process. The core-loss plots (50-1000 Hz) showed a reduction for optimal stress-annealed (90-140 MPa) ribbons and a drastic increase for 165-180 MPa ribbons. The study highlights the beneficial role of controlled tensile stress annealing in improving the soft-magnetism of Fe-rich nanocrystalline alloys with positive magnetostriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of magnetic nanomaterials (MNPs) as adsorbents to eliminate pollution causing dyes from water has attracted substantial attention in recent years because they can be easily isolated and reused. In this work, core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs in which magnetic Fe3O4 NPs as a core enclosed with a thick SiO2 shell were successfully synthesized by chemical co–precipitation followed by hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilanes in a mixture of ammonia, ethanol and water. The formation of core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs has been characterized by TEM, TEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR and VSM. TEM characterization revealed that several Fe3O4 NPs (around 10 nm) aggregated to form a Fe3O4 magnetic core and surrounded by an uniform SiO2 shell of 40-50 nm thickness to obtain Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic core–shell NPs. As synthesized core–shell NPs were employed as adsorbent for elimination of two cationic toxic dyes, crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions. Further, different adsorption parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage and contact times of the dyes were found to enhance the adsorption of cationic dyes. At neutral pH 7 the cationic dyes could be speedily removed from aqueous solution with high efficiency. It has been observed that 0.35 g of adsorbent dosage is sufficient for 95% of dye removal efficiency. The contact time is optimised for 20 min for both the dyes. The Langmuir model adsorption isotherm is best suitable which indicates that the cationic dyes adsorption behaviour of Fe3O4@SiO2 is a homogeneous monolayer chemisorption process. The adsorptive binding of CV/MG with Fe3O4@SiO2 was directed through electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the magnetic adsorbents could be easily reused and regenerated with almost no adsorption capability is significantly reduced up to 5 cycles. So, the Fe3O4@SiO2 is an efficient and reusable adsorbent for rapid and removal of cationic dyes from the aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Magnetic energy harvesting of an overhead line. Recently, much attention has been given to the development of various energy harvesting technologies to power remote electronic sensors, data loggers, and communicators that can be installed on smart grid systems. Magnetic energy harvesting is, perhaps, the most straightforward way to capture a significant amount of power from a current-carrying overhead line. Since the harvester is expected to have a small size, the high currents of the distribution system easily saturate its magnetic core. As a result, the operation of the magnetic harvester is highly nonlinear and makes precise analytical modeling difficult. The operation of an overhead line magnetic energy harvester (OLMEH) generating significant DC power output into a constant voltage load was investigated in this paper. The analysis method was based on the Froelich equation to analytically model the nonlinearity of the core's BH characteristic. The main findings of this piecewise nonlinear analysis include a closed-form solution that accounts for both the core and rectifiers' nonlinearities and provides an accurate prediction of OLMEH transfer window length, output current, and harvested power. Continuous and discontinuous operational modes are identified and the mode transition boundary is obtained quantitatively. The theoretical investigation was concluded by comparison with a computer simulation and also verified by the experimental results of a laboratory prototype harvester. A good agreement was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overhead transmission line conductors are usually helically stranded. The current-carrying section is made of aluminum and/or aluminum alloys. Several factors affect their electrical resistance, such as the conductivity of the conductor material, the cross-sectional area, the lay length of the different layers of aluminum, and the presence of a steel core used to increase the mechanical strength of the conductor. The direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) resistances per unit length of stranded conductors are different due to the effect of the eddy currents. In steel-reinforced conductors, there are other effects, such as the transformer effect due to the magnetization of the steel core, which make the AC resistance dependent on the current. Operating temperature also has an important effect on electrical resistance. Resistive losses are the main source of heating in transmission line conductors, so their temperature rise is highly dominated by such power losses, making it critical to know the value of the AC resistance per unit length when applying dynamic line rating (DLR) methods. They are of great interest especially in congested lines, as by applying DLR approaches it is possible to utilize the full line capacity of the line. This paper highlights the difficulty of accurately calculating the electrical resistance of helically stranded conductors, especially those with a magnetic core, and the importance of accurate measurements for the development of conductor models and DLR approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mn–Zn ferrite (Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified sol–gel method at lower annealing temperature (minimum to 300 ℃). The experimental results and analysis indicate that these nanoparticles exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties with the ultra-high saturation magnetization (Ms) up to 45.1 emu/g, demonstrating the significant potential applications for biomedical industry, electronic devices, and wastewater decontamination, etc. More interestingly, Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles exhibit unique size-dependent magnetic property, where the saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases with the decreasing crystalline size. Furthermore, there exists a linear proportional relationship between Ms and the reciprocal of the crystalline size (1/D). A novel theoretical model is subsequently proposed in the paper to elucidate the size-dependent magnetic property. Such magnetic nanoparticles composed of small-sized nanocrystalline can be analogized to a "core–shell" structure, in which the surface or interfacial state increases rapidly in proportion to the overall system. The magnetic moments are irregularly arranged in the "shell" that consists of abundant surface or interfacial states, so-called 'magnetic disorder shell'. On the contrary, the ferrite "core" is a ferrimagnetically ordered region with a regular arrangement of magnetic moments, which is called as 'magnetic order core'. With the decrease of crystalline size, the proportion of the 'magnetic disorder shell' increases. As a result, the magnetic property of the whole ferrite nanoparticle is weakened. It is believed that the present works contribute to the advancement of comprehending the correlation between the structure and property in magnetic nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic contaminants have increasingly become a main threat to the water environment, necessitating novel methods for removing from polluted water. In this study, a kind of magnetic ethyl acetate microdrops (Fe3O4@KCC-1@EA) is fabricated for this purpose The KCC-1 shell of Fe3O4@KCC-1 nanospheres is a layer of silica with a dendritic fibrous structure. The ethyl acetate shell of the Fe3O4@KCC-1@EA microdrops provides them with the properties of an organic solvent. While the magnetic core makes them magnetically manipulable. Adding Fe3O4@KCC-1@EA microdrops to bisphenol A-polluted water allows the contaminants to be extracted into the ethyl acetate shell. These microdrops, saturated with bisphenol A, are then easily separated from the water phase with an external magnetic field, achieving a removal rate of over 98%. Besides bisphenol A, the Fe3O4@KCC-1@EA microdrops could also be employed to remove other organic contaminants. This method could provide a new pathway for water purification from organic contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmonics and electromagnetic interference (EMI) pose serious threats to the safety and efficiency of grid‐tied inverters. Although the inductor‐capacitor‐inductor (LCL) filter offers commendable harmonic suppression, it does not sufficiently mitigate leakage current and EMI caused by high‐frequency pulse‐width modulation (PWM). This paper examines the use of a symmetrical LCL filter to reduce the AC side leakage current in grid‐tied inverters. The symmetrical structure bolsters the conducted EMI suppression capability of the LCL filter. A magnetic integration scheme for symmetric LCL filters is introduced, and through thoughtful structural design, it achieves filter inductance integration on the EIE magnetic core. An experimental platform, equipped with a high‐frequency SiC‐MOSFET voltage source inverter with a 600 W output, is utilized. The LCL filter, symmetric LCL filter, and magnetic integrated symmetric LCL filter are contrasted, proving the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed magnetic integration scheme significantly reduces the filter's volume and weight, thereby enhancing the power density of the grid‐tied inverter system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amino acids have a crucial role in the field of asymmetric organocatalysis for the production of chiral compounds with high added value and specific biological activity. In particular, proline offers high activity and stereoselectivity for catalyzing aldol reactions in organic solvents. However, proline‐based catalysts often lack water‐solubility, accessibility, catalytic performance, or recovery in aqueous media. This work reports the design of proline‐functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles with a magnetic core that offer high availability of chiral units in water and high recyclability. A proline‐based copolymerizable surfactant is designed and integrated onto the surface of PMMA nanoparticles through a miniemulsion polymerization process without using additional surfactants. The miniemulsion technique allows the incorporation of magnetite to the system to create a magnetically separable catalyst. The chiral nanocatalyst presents a high diastereoselective catalytic activity for the intermolecular aldol reaction between p‐nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective capture and accurate identification of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells (CTCs) aid in guiding clinical diagnosis and personalized treatment of tumors. Herein, a core‐satellite‐sized magnetic separable nanodevice (denoted as MS‐RI) is developed for the capture and subtype identification of heterogeneous CTCs by identifying the protein targets of CTCs in vitro and imaging intracellular nucleic acid targets of CTCs in situ. Upon the separation of CTCs by MS‐RI using aptamers as capture elements, the programmatically dissociated satellite particles aim to internalize into the cells for simultaneous profiling of microRNA‐21 and microRNA‐141. By virtue of the validated magnetic separation of the core structure, the high affinity of the aptamer, and the high sensitivity of the recognition imaging (RI) module, MS‐RI allows the isolation and subtyping of CTCs in clinical samples from breast cancer patients. This strategy of combining extracellular recognition and intracellular imaging pioneers a new paradigm for the capture and precision subtyping of heterogeneous CTCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) are becoming more important every day. We prepared MNPs in a simple one-step reaction by following the solvothermal method, assisted by azide and alkyne functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG400) polymers, as well as by PEG6000 and the polyol β-cyclodextrin (βCD), which played a crucial role as electrostatic stabilizers, providing polymeric/polyol coatings around the magnetic cores. Methods: The composition, morphology, and magnetic properties of the nanospheres were analyzed using Transmission Electron and Atomic Force Microscopies (TEM, AFM), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray Diffraction Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). Results: The obtained nanoparticles (@Fe3O4-PEGs and @Fe3O4-βCD) showed diameters between 90 and 250 nm, depending on the polymer used and the Fe3O4·6H2O precursor concentration, typically, 0.13 M at 200 °C and 24 h of reaction. MNPs exhibited superparamagnetism with high saturation mass magnetization at room temperature, reaching values of 59.9 emu/g (@Fe3O4-PEG6000), and no ferromagnetism. Likewise, they showed temperature elevation after applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF), obtaining Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values of up to 51.87 ± 2.23 W/g for @Fe3O4-PEG6000. Additionally, the formed systems are susceptible to click chemistry, as was demonstrated in the case of the cannabidiol-propargyl derivative (CBD-Pro), which was synthesized and covalently attached to the azide functionalized surface of @Fe3O4-PEG400-N3. Prepared MNPs are highly dispersible in water, PBS, and citrate buffer, remaining in suspension for over 2 weeks, and non-toxic in the T84 human colon cancer cell line, Conclusions: indicating that they are ideal candidates for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-toroidal-shaped primary pass-through protection current transformers (CTs) are used to measure high currents. Their design provides them with a big airgap that allow the passing of several cables per phase though them, which is the main advantage versus toroidal types, as the number of CTs required to measure the whole phase current is drastically reduced. The cables passed through the transformer window can be in several positions. As the isolines of the magnetic field generated by the primary currents are centered in the cables, if these cables are not centered in the transformer window, then the magnetic field will be non-uniform along the transformer core. Consequently, local saturations can appear if the cables are not properly disposed, causing the malfunction of the CT. In this paper, the performance of a non-toroidal-shaped protection CT is studied. This research is focused on the influence of the cable position on possible partial saturations of the CT when it is operating near to its accuracy limit. Depending on the cable position, the ratio of the primary and secondary currents can depart from the assigned ratio. The validation of this phenomenon was carried out via finite element analysis (FEA), showing that partial transformer core saturations appear in areas of the magnetic core close to the cable. By applying FEA, the admissible accuracy region for cable positioning inside the CT is also delimited. Finally, the simulation results are ratified with experimental tests performed in non-toroidal protection CTs, varying the primary cables' positions, which are subjected to currents up to 5 kA, achieving satisfactory results. From this analysis, installation recommendations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new eddy current sensor with planar coils designed for noncontact distance measurement was applied in the inter electrode gap detection in the electrochemical machining (ECM). The sensor consists of two micro electroforming planar coils (driver coil and sensitive coil) stacked on the magnetic core. The magnetic model of the detection principle was built, and a new micro motion system was developed as a test and machining platform also. The size of the sensor was: Φ5 mm × 1.5 mm. The results show that the sensor is compact enough to nondestructively assess the electrode gap distance and could be easily integrated into a tool cathode for real-time electrolytic machining gap detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low power density and high frequency loss of the core limits the miniaturization of high-frequency transformers (HFT) with an increase of the switching frequency. In this paper, a composite core with laminated nanocrystalline films and ferrite sheets is proposed based on the high saturation magnetic flux density of nanocrystalline and the low loss of ferrite. The two materials are laminated at a certain thickness ratio to form a composite unit. Then multiple layers of units are stacked to form the composite core. A homogenization model is established to calculate the equivalent permeability. Then the magnetic field strength of the composite core can be obtained, which can be used to calculate the magnetic flux density in different materials. An optimization model is built with the objective of optimizing the core loss and power density by adjusting the thickness ratio. Based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), it obtains the optimal thickness ratio. Simulation results show that the composite core increases the magnetic flux density from 0.3 T to 0.55 T over a ferrite core. A 100 V/200 V, 1 kW, 20 kHz composite core HFT prototype is developed. The power density is increased by 23.5% when compared to a ferrite HFT. The core loss is reduced by 37% when compared to nanocrystalline HFT, and the efficiency is increased from 94% to 96.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of biodegradable materials from biomass is a crucial strategy for leveraging biomass resources. A key component in this process is 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), a significant biomass-derived platform chemical. However, producing BHMF with high selectivity through the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, while avoiding the creation of unwanted byproducts, is a complex challenge. In our research, we have developed a novel catalyst featuring a magnetic core. This catalyst, which consists of platinum loaded onto a graphene-like shell, has been applied to the catalytic hydrogenation of HMF in an aqueous environment. Under the optimized conditions of 373 K, 3 MPa H2, and 1 h reaction time, a BHMF yield exceeding 99% was achieved. This method presents a promising and effective approach for the high-value conversion of biomass waste into polymer materials and pharmaceutical chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of the solid magnetic core of the stator of a slotless torque motor with permanent magnets are considered. It is noted that the solid stator under the conditions of low rotation speed has some advantages over the traditional laminated magnetic circuit. These advantages consist in the cost reduction of the design, its compactness and the low time of production preparation. The mathematical model's assumptions and the input data's limitations are formulated. A model of a static magnetic field with a moving electrically conductive medium is chosen. The two-dimensional model is implemented in the "Magnetic fields" interface of the "COMSOL Multiphysics" software. The maximum torque values were obtained and the optimal number of pole pairs was found. The method of calculating the torque based on eddy current losses in the magnetic medium is used. The decrease in torque with increasing rotor speed is calculated. The correction coefficients of the maximum moment were obtained to correct the results of two-dimensional modelling using a three-dimensional model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adding trace Ni elements and annealing in a magnetic field improves the soft magnetic properties of the Finemet. After changing the Ni content to control the composition of the alloy system and change the pitch of stripes of the magnetic domains, Fe73.5Si14.7B7.6Nb3Cu1Ni0.2 nanocrystalline ribbon with excellent soft magnetic properties was obtained. In this work, transverse magnetic field annealing (TA) was performed on Fe73.5Si14.7B7.6Nb3Cu1Ni0.2 nanocrystalline ribbon cores (NRCs), and the magnetic properties and magnetic domain structure were compared in detail with those after non-field annealing (NA), and the mechanism of the improvement of soft magnetic properties by TA was elucidated. The soft magnetic properties of the cores were adjusted by varying the Ni composition, annealing temperature, and magnetizing temperature. The experimental results show that the core loss (Ps) of the NRCs is reduced by 24.76% (100 kHz, high frequency) and the coercivity (Hc) is 0.854 A/m after 30 min of TA at 400°C compared to the NA sample. TA optimizes the soft magnetic performance of NRCs by optimizing the domain structure and broadening the size of the domain. These results can provide a good guide for optimizing the performance of NRCs with low Ps at high frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wide band gap (WBG) semiconductor switches in power converters is increasing day by day due to their superior chemical and physical properties, such as electrical field strength, drift speed, and thermal conductivity. These new-generation power switches offer advantages over traditional induction cooker systems, such as fast and environmentally friendly heating. The size of passive components can be reduced, and the decreasing inductance value of induction coils and capacitors with low ESR (equivalent series resistance) values contributes to total efficiency. Other design parameters, such as passive components with lower values, heatsinks with low volumes, cooling fans with low power, and induction coils with fewer turns, can offset the cost of WBG power devices. High-frequency operation can also be effective in heating non-ferromagnetic materials like aluminum and copper, making them suitable for heating these types of pans without complex induction coil and power converter designs. However, the use of these new generation power switches necessitates a re-examination of induction coil design. High switching frequency leads to a high resonance frequency in the power converter, which requires lower-value passive components compared to conventional cookers. The most important component is the induction coil, which requires fewer turns and magnetic cores. This study examines the induction heating equivalent circuit, discusses the general structure and design parameters of the induction coil, and performs FEM (finite element method) analyses using Ansys Maxwell. The results show that the induction coil inductance value in new-generation cookers decreases by 80% compared to traditional cookers, and the number of windings and magnetic cores decreases by 50%. These analyses, performed for high-power applications, are also performed for low-power applications. While the inductance value of the induction coil is 90 μH at low frequencies, it is reduced to the range of 5 μH to 20 μH at high frequencies. The number of windings is reduced by half or a quarter. The new-generation cooker system experimentally verifies the coil design based on the parameters derived from the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Traditional soft ferrite manufacturing is limited to simple geometries and materials, while 3D printing offers greater flexibility for complex designs. Notably, soft ferrites are crucial for magnetic couplers (pads) in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems to achieve efficient wireless power transmission. The adoption of soft ferrite 3D printing in IPT systems could lead to significantly improved magnetic coupler design, yet research in this area is limited. Hence, the paper first makes a comprehensive comparison of the existing soft ferrite 3D printing methods to ascertain their suitability for magnetic couplers in IPT systems, and then proposes the binder jetting (BJT) as a potential 3D printing approach that could be appropriate for IPT magnetic coupler implementation being versatile, cost‐effective, and suitable for large‐scale manufacturing with high precision. This paper explores the suitability of BJT by 3D printing toroid cores with Mn–Zn ferrite powder under different sintering temperature profiles. Experimental results are presented to show that toroid cores can be 3D printed with high printing precision, mechanical strength, and a relative permeability of 10. This paper also highlights the impact of sintering temperature on 3D‐printed cores, the challenges, limitations, and future research directions of soft ferrite 3D printing for IPT magnetic couplers by the BJT method.

Abstract Cross‐coupling and current sharing are the main problems faced by modular wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) applications. In this study, a decoupled dual‐channel wireless power transfer loosely coupled transformer (LCT) with a hybrid core composed of nanocrystalline and ferrite is proposed for modular WPT systems, as well as WPT systems with specific hybrid topology or detuned compensation. Firstly, the requirements of the LCT for modular parallel dual‐channel WPT system and detuned compensation are discussed. For these requirements, the structure and corresponding optimization design method of the decoupled dual‐channel LCT with a hybrid core is then proposed, and an LCT is designed with this method for the case study. Furthermore, the LCT is analysed by the finite element method (FEM). It is revealed that the mutual inductances of the proposed LCT between transmitting and receiving coils can be symmetrical under misalignment in multiple directions, while the cross‐coupling is eliminated. Finally, the designed LCT is manufactured and verified in a modular parallel dual‐channel WPT system. The experimental results show that the current and power sharing is realized under misalignment in multiple directions.

Abstract Harmonics and electromagnetic interference (EMI) pose serious threats to the safety and efficiency of grid‐tied inverters. Although the inductor‐capacitor‐inductor (LCL) filter offers commendable harmonic suppression, it does not sufficiently mitigate leakage current and EMI caused by high‐frequency pulse‐width modulation (PWM). This paper examines the use of a symmetrical LCL filter to reduce the AC side leakage current in grid‐tied inverters. The symmetrical structure bolsters the conducted EMI suppression capability of the LCL filter. A magnetic integration scheme for symmetric LCL filters is introduced, and through thoughtful structural design, it achieves filter inductance integration on the EIE magnetic core. An experimental platform, equipped with a high‐frequency SiC‐MOSFET voltage source inverter with a 600 W output, is utilized. The LCL filter, symmetric LCL filter, and magnetic integrated symmetric LCL filter are contrasted, proving the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed magnetic integration scheme significantly reduces the filter's volume and weight, thereby enhancing the power density of the grid‐tied inverter system.

Abstract This paper introduces a novel application of the inverse modelling method, which is designed to estimate core losses in both the stator and rotor regions of an electrical machine. The technique focuses on the use of short‐term transient temperature measurements obtained from the stator core of a slotless induction machine, with a focus on validating the measured temperature rise through a forward model. The measurement setup involves two primary approaches: (i) the use of thermal sensors embedded in a printed circuit board inside the stator core and (ii) surface sensors embedded on the stator yoke. Through the use of this innovative approach, the results indicate that the inverse modelling technique is highly effective in predicting core losses based on short‐time transient temperature rise measurements.

Soft magnetic composite cores were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) from Ni3Fe@ZnFe2O4 and NiFeMo@ZnFe2O4 pseudo-core-shell powders. In the Fe-Ni alloys@ZnFe2O4 pseudo-core-shell composite powders, the core is a large nanocrystalline Permalloy or Supermalloy particle obtained by mechanical alloying, and the shell is a pseudo continuous layer of Zn ferrite particles. The pseudo-core-shell powders have been compacted by SPS at temperatures between 500–700 °C, with a holding time of 0 min. Several techniques were used for the characterisation of the powders and sintered compacts: X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, magnetic hysteresis measurements (DC and AC), and electrical resistivity. The electrical resistivity is stabilised at values of about 7 × 10−3 Ω·m for sintering temperatures between 600–700 °C and this value is three orders of magnitude higher than the electrical resistivity of sintered Fe compacts. The best relative initial permeability was obtained for the Supermalloy/ZnFe2O4 composite compacts sintered at 600 °C, which decreases linearly for the entire frequency range studied, from around 95 to 50. At a frequency of 2000 Hz, the power losses are smaller than 1.5 W/kg. At a frequency of 10 kHz, the power losses are larger, but they remain at a reduced level. In the case of Supermalloy/ZnFe2O4 composite compact SPS-ed at 700 °C, the specific power losses are even lower than 5 W/kg. The power losses' decomposition proved that intra-particle losses are the main type of losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of high‐frequency transformers, winding losses and core losses constrain the improvement of the power density of planar transformers. Reducing losses on the AC resistor and losses on the core is the key to improving the energy transfer efficiency of planar transformers. Aiming at the half‐bridge LLC resonant converter, this paper proposes a novel structure of a four‐pillar magnetically integrated fractional‐turn planar transformer. In terms of the core structure, according to the principle of magnetic integration, integrate four discrete magnetic cores into a single core, effectively reducing the core volume, so reduces core losses. In the winding, the secondary winding for half‐turn structure, compared with the traditional planar transformer, the primary winding and the secondary winding turns ratio from n:1 to 0.5n:0.5, the primary winding and secondary winding loss reduced to the original 1 of 2. The secondary side windings are combined with the windings of the same current direction by suitable arrangement. By increasing the current path, effectively reduces the problem of uneven distribution of current density in the winding and reduces the AC losses on the winding. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work introduces the design, analysis, simulation, and a standard MEMS fabrication process for a three-dimensional micro-coil with a magnetic core and a digital switch configuration using a completely integrated, fully MEMS-compatible process to achieve a digitally controlled inductance. The proposed design can also be utilized as a micro-transformer. The proposed design consists of five identical 3D coils and their corresponding MEMS switches. These coils are digitally controlled to achieve a variable inductor ranging from one-fifth of the coil inductance up to five times the coil inductance. A standard five-layer Polymumps process is proposed to fabricate the micro-coils and the integrated switches. Each micro coil is anchored directly on-chip, which is connected to the input signal from one side, and the other is connected to the switch. The Ni-based magnetic core improves the coil's response by confining and guiding the magnetic field in the magnetic device compared to Si core based by more than five times. The presented coil has the number of windings limited by the designed length and the minimum spacing that can be realized by standard optical lithography. The coil's diameter is also restricted by the limits defined by optical lithography, whereas the maximum height realizable by the Polymumps process limits the height of the magnetic core and accordingly results in lower inductor performance. Based on this technique, we present coils ranging from 100 μm length and ten winding up to 1000 μm length and 100 windings. The new monolithically integrated MEMS switches act as selectors to achieve a variable inductance with digital control to allow the selection among n(n + 1)/2 inductance steps, where n is the number of coils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems often encounter limitations in efficiency and transmission distance due to near-field magnetic coupling characteristics. Increasing the inductance can enhance the transmission distance, but it also raises the system's Q factor, leading to several issues. This study aimed to optimize the magnetic core design of helical coils to enhance magnetic coupling in IPT systems while minimizing the increase in self-inductance. Through finite element analysis, various core placements were evaluated, leading to a proposed core design process that integrates inner and lower cores at optimal angles. The proposed design was compared with conventional cores, and its performance was validated in an IPT system. The results demonstrate that the proposed core design significantly enhances the coupling coefficient (k) and extends power transmission distance compared with conventional planar and U-shaped core structures without substantially increasing self-inductance (L). This design effectively balances the trade-off between increasing inductance and maintaining system stability, thereby improving transmission efficiency while minimizing frequency instability and voltage stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant mafic-felsic intrusions distributed in the Altyn Orogen record orogenic histories related to Proto-Tethys and Paleo-Tethys evolution. Zircon U-Pb dating of the intrusive rocks in the eastern Altyn Orogen identifies at least three major tectono-magmatic episodes, yielding ages of ∼426, ∼376–373 and ∼269–254 Ma. The first two emplacement episodes correspond to the post-collisional magmatism in the Altyn Orogen. The ∼426 Ma granitoids possess adakitic characteristics coupled with enriched isotopes, suggesting that they originated from partial melting of thickened lower continental crust induced by upwelling asthenospheric mantle after slab break-off of the South Altyn Ocean Plate. Next, the ∼376–373 Ma mafic-intermediate rocks and coeval granitoids represent a large thermal event that involved mantle melting with induced new juvenile lower continental crust melting in a post-collisional extensional setting. Finally, the ∼254 Ma diabase dykes intruded into the ∼269 Ma granitoids, which were related to the widespread Late Paleozoic magmatism resulting from Paleo-Tethys Ocean subduction. Post-collisional magmatism in the Altyn Orogen significantly enhances understanding of the tectono-magmatic evolution in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The penetrative influence of Paleo-Tethys Ocean subduction was more extensive than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel topology for Z-source inverters (ZSI). The new Z-Source network is based on the coupled-inductors and active switched boost. Features of the topology include high voltage boost ability, single magnetic-core, low voltage stress on the active switch, and capacitors. The principles of operation, analysis, voltage and current equations of each component, and the converter voltage gain in the steady-state are presented. A comparison with other topologies has also been performed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed ZSI. Finally, experimental results of the laboratory prototype are presented to confirm the performance of the proposed topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) play an indispensable role in electromagnetic conversion, transmission, and storage. However, in order to achieve miniaturization, energy conservation, and meet the application requirements of premagnetisation in direct-current (DC) components, SMCs are required to have low core loss and high DC bias performance. In this work, FeSiAl SMCs with hybrid insulating layers of MgO/SiO 2 have been successfully prepared by the decomposition of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate and silicone resin. The presence of MgO and SiO 2 insulating layers can effectively compensate for each other's coating defects, thereby forming complete insulating layers on the surface of FeSiAl powders to reduce the core loss. Finally, the FeSiAl@MgO/SiO 2 SMC gets remarkable comprehensive magnetic properties with a low core loss (P cv) of 163.7 mW/cm3 at 50 mT/100 kHz, a high DC bias performance of 53.7 % at 100 Oe, and an effective permeability (μ e) of 46, which is promising for high-frequency and high-power applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An APTES-functionalized magnetic core–immobilized enzyme drives the formation of an acid-sensitive ZIF-8 shell via biomineralization growth, which offers a spontaneous dual–endogenous stimulus-responsive modal enzyme catalytic-chemotherapy for HeLa tumor cells. Herein, the ZIF-8 shell plays a dual role in the combination therapy, i.e., protecting activities of embedded enzymes and loading therapeutic agents into the framework. In order to enhance the efficiency of enzyme therapy, a biocascade reaction in confined space via two types of embedded enzymes under endogenous glucose stimuli was performed, which promotes continuous consumption of endogenous glucose, leading to starvation of tumor cells. Simultaneously, the inherent acidic tumor microenvironment and gluconic acid produced from endogenous glucose oxidation can gradually dissociate the ZIF-8 shell with the aid of pH-stimulus-responsive mode to enhance endo-lysosomal escape for releasing therapeutic agents to effectively induce apoptosis of tumor cells. The recovery of the magnetic core can regenerate multifunctional nanoplatforms for achieving circulation therapy of tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for solving а dynamic electric circuit with nonlinear hysteretic inductor without the use of hysteresis model or equivalent circuits. A consideration of nonlinear and hysteretic behaviour of the magnetic core under quasistatic conditions is based on applying harmonics interpolation method (HIM) to the measured magnetising field strength waveforms. A dynamic behaviour of the magnetic core is considered through the application of the statistical theory of losses (STL). A considered electric circuit consists of AC voltage source connected in series with shunt resistor, additional linear resistor and inductor, as well as a nonlinear hysteretic inductor. The solution for electric current of the circuit is obtained by solving equation derived from Kirchhoff's laws through a series of successive iterations. Coupling of electric and magnetic part of the circuit is obtained from fundamental laws of electromagnetism. Methodology is validated for four cases of the considered electric circuit — without additional elements, with one additional or both additional elements, for sinusoidal voltage source amplitudes of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 V and frequency of 50 Hz. Validation is repeated for frequencies of 100, 200 and 300 Hz while keeping the ratio of the amplitude to frequency constant. Detailed theoretical approach and methodology, comparisons between measured and calculated results, as well as adequate discussion are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel application of the inverse modelling method, which is designed to estimate core losses in both the stator and rotor regions of an electrical machine. The technique focuses on the use of short‐term transient temperature measurements obtained from the stator core of a slotless induction machine, with a focus on validating the measured temperature rise through a forward model. The measurement setup involves two primary approaches: (i) the use of thermal sensors embedded in a printed circuit board inside the stator core and (ii) surface sensors embedded on the stator yoke. Through the use of this innovative approach, the results indicate that the inverse modelling technique is highly effective in predicting core losses based on short‐time transient temperature rise measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current transformers (CTs) are widely used for energy metering, relay protection, condition monitoring and control circuits. However, CT saturation may lead to non‐negligible measurement errors and relay malfunctions, posing a threat to the stability and security of the power grid. In order to address the problem of CT saturation, a novel measurement‐protection‐integrated current transformer (MPICT) is proposed. First, the working states of the MPICT are summarised and the approximate expressions for the steady‐state measuring characteristics, the transient response characteristics, and the measurement errors are derived from the equivalent circuit model. Then, the feasibility of the MPICT and the theoretical analyses are verified by the 3D FEM simulation imitating the presented MPICT excited by diverse currents. Finally, a down‐scale prototype is fabricated and a series of tests are conducted in the laboratory to validate the effectiveness of the equipment. The simulation and experimental results suggest that the output of the MPICT can accurately reconstruct the primary current waveform, even if the primary current contains decaying or constant DC component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results from fully general relativistic (GR), three-dimensional (3D), neutrino-radiation magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of stellar core collapse of a 20 M⊙ star with spectral neutrino transport. Our focus is to study the gravitational-wave (GW) signatures from the magnetorotationally (MR)-driven models. By parametrically changing the initial angular velocity and the strength of the magnetic fields in the core, we compute four models. Among our models, only those with cores having an initial magnetic field strength of 1012 G and rotation rates of 1 or 2 rad s−1 produce MHD jets. Seen from the direction perpendicular to the rotational axis, a characteristic waveform is obtained exhibiting a monotonic time increase in the wave amplitude. As previously identified, this stems from the propagating MHD outflows along the axis. We show that the GW amplitude from anisotropic neutrino emission becomes more than one order-of-magnitude bigger than that from the matter contribution, whereas seen from the rotational axis, both of the two components are in the same order-of-magnitudes. Due to the memory effect, the frequency of the neutrino GW from our full-fledged 3D-MHD models is in the range less than ∼10 Hz. Toward the future GW detection for a Galactic core-collapse supernova, if driven by the MR mechanism, the planned next-generation detector as DECIGO is urgently needed to catch the low-frequency signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the method for calculating losses in magnetic cores operating in a DC/DC power converter is experimentally verified for selected samples. The chosen method of calculating magnetic losses based on loss measurements under sinusoidal excitation is described, and the measurement process is discussed. The results of power loss measurements with a direct current bias for three different magnetic core materials, e.g., ferrite, nickel-iron-molybdenum alloy powder, and nanocrystalline, are presented. A quantitative determination of the deviations for the tested method is proposed, including the frequency dependence of the deviation distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydrothermal synthesis of magnetic core–shell material Fe 3 O 4 @UiO-66-PDA with high specific surface area. • Highly efficient adsorption of six heavy metal ions. • Theoretical and experimental analysis revealed the adsorption mechanism. • Magnetic separation and excellent reusability even after six cycles. With the ever-increasing challenge of heavy metal pollution, the imperative for developing highly efficient adsorbents has become apparent to remove metal ions from wastewater completely. In this study, we introduce a novel magnetic core–shell adsorbent, Fe 3 O 4 @UiO-66-PDA. It features a polydopamine (PDA) modified zirconium-based metal–organic framework (UiO-66) synthesized through a simple solvothermal method. The adsorbent boasts a unique core–shell architecture with a high specific surface area, abundant micropores, and remarkable thermal stability. The adsorption capabilities of six metal ions (Fe3+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+) were systematically investigated, guided by the theory of hard and soft acids and bases. Among these, three representative metal ions (Fe3+, Pb2+, and Hg2+) were scrutinized in detail. The activated Fe 3 O 4 @UiO-66-PDA exhibited exceptional adsorption capacities for these metal ions, achieving impressive values of 97.99 mg/g, 121.42 mg/g, and 130.72 mg/g, respectively, at pH 5.0. Moreover, the adsorbent demonstrated efficient recovery from aqueous solution using an external magnet, maintaining robust adsorption efficiency (>80%) and stability even after six cycles. To delve deeper into the optimized adsorption of Hg2+, density functional theory (DFT) analysis was employed, revealing an adsorption energy of -2.61 eV for Hg2+. This notable adsorption capacity was primarily attributed to electron interactions and coordination effects. This study offers valuable insights into metal ion adsorption facilitated, by magnetic metal–organic framework (MOF) materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate calculation of power losses has always been important for the design and optimization of magnetic components consisting of windings and magnetic cores, such as inductors and transformers. Focusing on windings, litz wire outperforms its counterparts in terms of eddy current losses, making it particularly suitable for high-frequency (HF) applications. The power loss calculation of litz wire is however challenging due to its complex structure of thin strands twisted in multiple levels. This article therefore aims to review various kinds of litz wire power loss calculation methods from analytical methods, numerical methods to coupling ones. In addition to, the principles and applications of each method, their inherent correlation and differences are also highlighted in this article. On this basis, a comprehensive review and comparison of different calculation methods of litz-wire power loss are provided. Finally, future challenges and directions are then summarized, whose ultimate goal is to calculate the power loss of litz wire accurately and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wireless power transfer (WPT) system of electric vehicles, reducing magnetic leakage and minimizing the use of magnetic shielding materials while maintaining transmission efficiency are difficult problems. To this end, a single-hole compensated passive magnetic shielding structure is proposed in this paper, with the system’s magnetic leakage reduced and transmission efficiency improved through metal shielding and passive shielding. First, the magnetic shielding principles and design concepts of the magnetic core, aluminum plate, and passive shielding coils are analyzed. The single-hole compensated passive magnetic shielding structure is proposed, and then a mathematical model of the structure is derived. Second, an optimization method is proposed, using Matlab and Ansys Maxwell software to reduce the volume of metallic materials while keeping magnetic leakage within a safe range. Finally, a WPT device based on the proposed structure is constructed according to the optimized magnetic shielding and coil parameters, and the effectiveness of the structure is validated through simulation and experimentation. The results demonstrate that when the system output power is 4 kW, leakage is reduced by 62.7% compared to the single-hole unshielded coil structure using the same materials with the proposed structure. Compared to the all-aluminum plate and all-magnetic core structure, not only is leakage reduced by 1.2%, but there is also a reduction of 40.4% in magnetic core usage and 30.1% in aluminum plate usage. Moreover, the transmission efficiency reaches 93.49%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating magnetic materials into dentistry has emerged as a promising advance for addressing diverse dental conditions. Magnetic particles comprising a magnetic core encapsulated within a biocompatible coating offer precise manipulation through external magnetic fields, rendering them invaluable in targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia therapy, and diagnostic assays. Their tunable properties allow optimization for specific applications, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, pre-adjust magnets showcase exceptional magnetic field strength and energy density. Their utilization in dental implants and orthodontic treatments facilitates tissue engineering and tooth movement, augmenting clinical outcomes and patient comfort. This review synthesizes current research directions and clinical applications of magnetic materials in dentistry, offering insights into their potential to transform dental healthcare and enhance patient well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A magnetic core of a reactor applied to the boost converter of hybrid vehicle was developed. The core is made of High-Density Magnetic Composite, which is a kind of the powder magnetic core. A great cost reduction was achieved while keeping the magnetic properties equal to conventional magnetic steel. In order to achieve both high magnetic flux density and mechanical properties of the core, high compaction density and high bending strength were coped with by developed warm compaction technique using die wall lubrication. The great decrease of a core loss was achieved by adopting the Fe-Si alloy, developing the particle shape of the raw material powder made by the new controlled atomization method and enabling the annealing at the high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarizes the most recent articles issued in the literature of the field on the applications of ironoxide nanoparticles in dentistry. It provides a general overview of the properties and synthesis of nanoparticles and summarizes the clinical applications and current research directions of iron-oxide nanoparticles, stressing their potential in dental care and in improving patient outcomes. The integration of nanoparticles in dentistry has emerged as a potential breakthrough in addressing various dental conditions. Magnetic nanoparticles with magnetic cores encapsulated in a biocompatible coating enable precise manipulation by external magnetic fields, and play an important role in targeted drug delivery, diagnostic tests and magnetic resonance imaging. Their use in orthodontic treatments and dental implants facilitates tooth movement and tissue engineering, thus improving clinical outcomes and patient comfort. The dental applications of iron-oxide nanoparticles is an area that requires continued study due to the various types of nanoparticles in use, each with different potential to treat multiple dental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]