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Meat is a major part of human diets for centuries, a source of protein and essential nutrients, but concerns have been raised about the potential negative health impacts associated with high meat consumption. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the current scientific evidence on the effects of meat consumption on consumer health. The review covers the evidence on the relationship between meat consumption and various health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The review discusses the potential for promoting healthy meat consumption patterns and recommendations for consumers and policy-makers to reduce meat consumption and promote healthier dietary choices. Overall, the review highlights the complex relationship between meat consumption and consumer health, and the need for further research to better understand this relationship and inform public health policy and dietary guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the evolution of fish production from commercial fishing in the Danube River during 2015-2021 and is based on the analysis of statistical data collected by the National Agency for Fisheries and Aquaculture as part of the data collection program. Production data were collected annually by authorized commercial fishermen, quantitatively and by species. During the analysed period, there is a quantitative decrease in the production of wild carp and raptors, and significant increases in catches of Asian carp species. Catches of Danube record annual fluctuations with decreasing trends in the analysed period. At the end, the causes of the catches decrease of commercial fishing are analysed and the fisheries management measures that must be taken, based on ecosystem principles, to protect and restore the declining fish populations in the Danube River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog was selected from a natural population breed of the Romanian Carpathian Mountains. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the phenotypic differences between the sexes in a population of 26 males and 23 females of the Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, for 9 body measurements: height at elbow, height at hock, head length, skull length, skull width, muzzle length, muzzle width, muzzle depth and muzzle perimeter. Following the study on the significance of statistical differences between body measurements recorded in the evaluated population, it was concluded that males from the people of the Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog studied in this paper showed superior and significant values for height at the elbow (p<0.05), height at hock (p<0.05), head length (p<0.01), muzzle length (p<0.05). It should be noted that the evaluated females showed superior values compared to males, but insignificant (p>0.05), for muzzle width and muzzle depth. We recommend to dog breeders specialists consider the genetic improvement programs, and also our results presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of food and feed is more and more in the first place of research, being tightly related to the health state of humans and animals. Due to these features, antibiotics used in animals are no longer agreed to be used, and natural supplements are encouraged to be used to increase the meat's nutritional quality. One of the natural immunoglobulins used as a replacement for antibiotics is egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY), which is added in diet supplementation for feeding animals. The combination of probiotics and other substances with an immunological role, especially some natural immunoglobulins - such as IgY, has multiple advantages. Thus, it can be increased meat production, improve the immunological status of animals which decreases the stress effects, improve infection resistance, increase the quality of carcasses - which implicitly also leads to economic growth, and also obtaining animal products without the addition of antibiotics or growth stimulants, or even obtaining organic products. There are several cost-effective methods to extract natural immunoglobulin IgY from egg yolk: using dextran blue, polyethylene glycol, chloroform, and cryo-ethanol treatment followed by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. In this paper, we will present some features regarding the methods of extracting IgY immunoglobulins from the egg yolk, the way of using these immunoglobulins in animal breeding and improvement technologies, as well as the biotechnological advantages that derive from the use of this natural product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary fibers are components of plant material, extremely important in the diet, because they resist enzymatic digestion in the digestive tract, with a role in improving intestinal transit. Dietary fibers are mostly carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, and mucilages, but also non-carbohydrate. The presence in the daily diet of whole grains, nuts, vegetables, fruits and seeds positively affects health, because their consumption has been linked to the decrease in the incidence of several diseases. From a technological point of view, dietary fiber is added as a functional food ingredient in food products to provide water-holding capacity, viscosity, gel-forming capacity and fat-binding capacity to food products. These beneficial characteristics of dietary fiber components can enhance the image of products as healthy and functional foods. This article reviews the concept and definition of dietary fibers used in food production and their functional characteristics and health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starch and plant or animal proteins represent a rich source that can be used for fortifying meat products. The present study aimed to analyze how the different additives used (soy protein isolate, chickpea flour, lupine concentrate, sodium caseinate and starch, in 2% concentration) influence the rheological properties of beef emulsions and gels, cooking losses and the texture of the finished products. Rheological parameters G' (storage modulus), G* (complex modulus) and Delta angle were determined by increasing the temperature from 5 to 70 °C, with a rate of 1 °C/min. The study highlighted that the addition of vegetable proteins (soy, chickpeas and lupine) improved strength of meat gels (G' > 1057.8 Pa), while the addition of sodium caseinate and starch reduced the consistency of the gel network structure (G' < 1057.8 Pa). All additions led to a decrease in heat treatment losses (a reduction of maximum 62% of cooking loss, from 11.89% for control to 4.54% in case of samples with added starch) and the hardness of heat-treated products. The maximum reduction of hardness was observed for samples with added starch, from 2.83 kgf to 1.08 kgf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol is essential for humans and animals, but high serum cholesterol levels can lead to severe heart diseases, which already have a high incidence - especially in humans. This is why cholesterol and other biochemical substances with the same action are the subjects of various research, named "unproven risk factors for atherosclerosis". One of the biochemical with heart disease risk is considered homocysteine - an amino acid also known as "the new cholesterol", which, if accumulated in high concentrations may contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis plaque. Different factors relating the homocysteine serum concentration, such as genetics, gender, age, body weight, associated diseases, and medications are discussed and studied to understand better the role of "new cholesterol" and its health implications. Also, studies are focused on different cofactors of biochemical reactions that are involved in homocysteine homeostasis, like vitamins and minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Romania joined the European Union, the hunting populations must be managed much more carefully, ensuring a much increased vigilance. The animals' population can be characterized by the observed size, which is opposed to the genetic size, being given by the number of individuals from all animal categories and by the total number of males and females participating in the production of the descendant generation. This study aimed to analyze the quantitative evolution of 13 wildlife populations taking into consideration the environmental conditions, on the background of hunting 65 Giera, between 2018 and 2022, thus contributing to the knowledge of the hunting heritage in Timi County with a total area of 12.386 ha, for sustainable management and conservation. Thus, this study recommends the revival of the existing population in this hunting area, through "blood refreshing" actions, as well as the permanent monitoring and limitation of populations from the Canidae family, especially of the Jackal (Canis aureus L.) species, and the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposed an analysis of the physico-chemical composition of several types of grape varieties (white and red). Their analysis was done during the years 2019-2021 at a winery in Prahova County. The determinations were made on must, and the analyzed varieties were: Sauvignon Blanc, White Fetească and Black Fetească. The sugar content was determined, which is an important parameter in wine-making to estimate the favorable time for harvesting, but also to decide what wine is produced (dry, sweet, semi-sweet). The total acidity of the wine was also determined, acids representing important components of the wine. Low acidity will cause a "flat" and uninteresting taste, and too much acidity will cause an overly sour and astringent taste. At the same time, the pH was analyzed, which affects the taste, sugar, acidity level and stability of the wines. The observed values were in normal limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant derivatives are high biological value products, with sensory properties appreciated by consumers, which are easily obtained, relatively cheap and can be successfully used as meat analogues. Additionally, some plant derivatives result as waste from the vegetable products industry and can be successfully valorized in meat compositions for their content in vitamins, antioxidants, unsaturated fats, minerals or fibers. Consequently, when used in the meat industry, they can improve the structural, sensory and nutritional characteristics of the finished products. Due to their high fiber content, they can be successfully used to increase yields, but also to reduce the potential caloric value of meat products, with positive effects on health. The paper aims to analyze scientific research referring to the use of plant derivatives as meat analogues and their effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cypriniculture is the growth of cyprinids in a controlled environment. By planning and rationalizing feed and creating appropriate conditions to cover the needs of carp farming, this branch of aquaculture is made more efficient. Carp is a poikilothermic animal that does not consume energy to maintain body temperature. Thus, the administered food is converted into body mass more effectively than in other animal species. The feed conversion ratio shall not exceed 2. The action of lotion is differentiated from the one of raring by the process of populating the floating cages according to the weight category in which the carp individuals fall. The study involves the identification of an effective method of growing carps in floating cages, depending on the weight and amount of food administered. The technique of separating carp by lotting was proven to be more efficient compared to decreasing the number of individuals on floating cage. Carp individuals remained in the same weight category without large differences between them. This ensures the uniformity of biological material, and an economic beneficial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the situation of some native game species in Giurgiu County, based on official assessments, using data from the Ministry of Environment. The analysis of the official data from the evaluations of sedentary game will give the possibility to assess if the data presented at the evaluations are correct and if the hunters' fears are justified. The analyses also took into account the creditworthiness keys of the hunting areas in order to perform a comparative analysis between the real and the optimal number. Following the analyses performed, and the resulting conclusions, some recommendations were formulated, among which we mention: the active involvement of the administrator of the national hunting fund by participating and supervising the evaluation actions of the sedentary game herds, or the obligation of the managers of the hunting areas to maintain an ascending trend until the optimum number is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elaboration of strategies in the field of conservation of animal genetic resources (and not only) had, have and will be based on genetic analysis studies. Without conducting these studies, it is practically impossible to develop management strategies for inbreeding or to develop effective breeding programs. In this paper we present two important indicators of genetic analysis in horse population and not only the reproductive isolation coefficient and the age structure. This parameter has a capital importance in animal breeding because there has a directly influence in animal population evolution. More than that, To be accepted as a population, a herd must fulfill four criteria: reproductive isolation, morphological and physiological differences, environmental requirements and genetic size. The reproductive isolation is the most important criteria for population because only reproductive isolated populations have an own evolution. Regarding the age structure, this parameter has a double importance: for exploitation (influenced directly average age), and on the other hand, for animal breeding (influenced the generation interval and population variability). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of average performances in a population have a huge importance because, regarding to a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. So, the studies of the average value of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. This study have the principal purpose to analyse main body dimensions who are used in selection process: withers height, thoracyc perimether and cannon bone perimether, through the integration of individs in an evaluation class, in accordance with selection methodology (Maftei et al., 2015). The biological material is represented by 73 Pure Arabian horses, 12 males and 61 females, at different ages, owned by Mangalia stood farm, representing the entire reproductive nucleus. The average performances of characters are presented in the paper. We can observe a small grade of variability with some differences between sexes. The average performances of the characters are between characteristic limits of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, was selected from a natural population breed of Romanian Carpathian Mountains. The aim of this study was to analyze the existence and size of sexual dimorphism in a population of 26 males and 23 females of the Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, for 6 body measurements: ear length, ear width, distance between the ears, distance between the eyes, length hair at withers and metacarpal perimeter. Following the study on the significance of statistical differences between body measurements recorded in 26 males and 23 females, it was concluded that sexual dimorphism is not evident in the population of the Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog studied in this paper, except the distance between the ears character. Among the other characters, the differences between the individuals of the two sexes are insignificant (p>0.05). We recommend to the dog breeders to take into account the genetic improvement programs, and also the results presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of the bee brood (the stage of the decapitated larva) is directly influenced by the ability of the nurse bees to secrete royal jelly. The secretion of the main precursors of royal jelly is made in the hypopharyngeal glands, located in the bee's head. After the nursing stage (bee capable of raising new generations of larvae), the hypopharyngeal glands regress and are responsible only for the secretion of invertases that ensure the transformation of nectar into honey. The study aimed to establish the degree of variation in the viability of the brood, correlated with the feeding with royal jelly from nurse bees, fed on diets with low protein intake (low in pollen). The study conducted in an apiary with 20 bee families, Apis mellifera carpatica, in autumn, with a lack of pollen in nature. A positive correlation established between the two factors studied. The degree of development of the hypopharyngeal glands that influence the condition of bee larvae as well as their viability. Monitoring in practice the level of protein in the feeding of nurse bees and the periods with greater or lesser need may be a criterion for determining the strength of bee families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to reveal the massive involution of wild boar herds in Romania and especially in Dobrogea area. Everybody knows about the effects of the African swine fever on wild boar herds, but no one talks about the impact it has on the environment. In the current conditions, there would have been the possibility to intervene and to populate with animals raised in these hunting complexes. The study focused on the Dobrogea area because it was the first and most affected area of the country. We analyze the official data from national evaluation of sedentary game in Dobrogea area, more exactly Constanta and Tulcea County. Hunting territories in these two counties are managed by National Forest Authority, county associations of hunters and other associations for conservation of biodiversity and management of hunting territories. We analyze wild boar real effective between 2018 and 2021 by counties, by sexes, and in comparison with optimal effective (maximal number of individuals who can leave in a hunting area, without causing damage to the agricultural fields or in the forest). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present an important part of genetic analysis in Romanian Trotter horse. The sample extracted from the population is represented by entire reproductive nucleus of Romanian Trotter breed from Dor Marunt studfarm. We analyzed the reproductive isolation and the age structure. The reproductive isolation are the most important criteria for a flock to be accepted as a population. The other three are morphological and physiological differences, environmental requirements and genetic size, but all these three criteria evolving according to reproductive isolation coefficient. The age structure have an important role in animal breeding (horse breeding in this case) and also in exploitation. Both analyzed components have a capital importance in animal breeding because there has a directly influence in animal population evolution. The reproductive isolation situation was quantified using the relation elaborated by S. Wright and the age structure situation is based on the age distribution histogram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Romanian integration into European Union the hunting populations need special attention. The observed size of an animals' population, which is opposed to the genetic size, is given by the number of the individuals from all categories and also by the total number of males and females participating in the production of the descendant generation. The study presented in this paper aimed to analyze the quantitative evolution of 13 wildlife populations and environmental conditions, on the background of hunting 20-Bara, between 2018 and 2021, thus contributing to the knowledge of the hunting heritage in Timiş County, for a sustainable management and conservation. Thereby, this study recommends the revival of the existing population on this hunting area, through "blood refreshing" actions, as well as the permanent monitoring and limitation of populations from the Canidae family, especially of the Jackal (Caniş aureus L.) species, and the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes L) species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental factors define an ecological potential that ensures a certain biological productivity of the hunting management fund. A first step in establishing the ecological potential of game management funds is to direct efforts to qualitatively and quantitatively assess all factors that influence biological productivity. Monitoring the dynamics of wild boar herds is important because it is necessary to understand the relationships and correlations that are established between different species of animals in the same territory (prey-predator), but also between the studied species and the existence of an optimal ecological factors: biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic, to ensure the viability of the population. In this paper, was made an evaluation of wild boar herds dynamics, recorded between 2015 and 2020, using data from the Ministry of Environment and according to the assessment keys for hunting territories. Statistical elements were established in order to have a more accurate calculation of the wild boar population trend. It is necessary to know the wild boar herds evolution, in order to develop a long-term strategy, in which hunters also have a key role to play in conserving biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Included in the large spread high risk group, the Listeria bacteria genus can be diffused throw food products, causing the Listeriosis disease. Listeriosis is a bacterial infection which in serious forms and inadequately treated can reach a 70% mortality. In this study the bacteria were isolated from several categories of samples (poultry and bird organs, raw pork meat, raw beef meat, processed pork meat), which were collected from slaughterhouse houses and department stores. From analysed samples 40% of isolated strains were found in raw pork meat, 25% in raw beef meat, also 25 % in poultry and bird organs and 10% in processed pork meat. The isolation and identification technique was done with an official method, following these steps: pre-enrichment in unselective liquid mediums, enrichment in selective liquid mediums, isolation and identification, identity confirmations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of average performances in a population is very important. Regarding to a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. That minds that the studies of the average value of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. The biological material is represented by 177 Hucul horse from HROBY bloodline divided in 6 stallion families analyzed at 18, 30 and 42 months old, owned by Lucina Hucul stood farm. The average performances for thoracic perimeter was 149.58 cm. at 18 months, 160.21 cm. at 30 months old and 166.97 cm. at 42 months old. We can observe a good growth rate from one age to another and significant differences between sexes. The average performances of the character are between characteristic limits of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a study accomplished in the Rădăuți stud farm, which aimed to analyze some morphological and reproductive aspects of Shagya Arabian horses. The selected population was represented by broodmares from 2000y generation, introduced in the reproductive herd until now. The average value of height was 159.188 ± 0.593 cm, the average of heart girth was 177.188 ± 1.013 cm, and the cannon perimeter was 18,594 ± 0,184 cm for the studied horses. Regarding the reproduction aspects, it was revealed that the studied parameters had the following average values: 4.7 ± 0.3 years for age of introduction to reproduction, 4.5 ± 0.2 years for the age at first foaling, 338.7 ± 0.9 days for the gestation length, 149 ± 18.3 days for the service-period parameter, 503 ± 19.9 days for the foaling-interval parameter, and 14.6 ± 1.2 years for the reproductive longevity of broodmares. The conclusion was that all data obtained fall within the normal limits specified by the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In latest years, researchers have been concerned about the resistance, recurrence, and dormancy of viruses that occurs in the prevention and treatment of viruses. Regarding the current pandemic conditions reported not only to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (2019), but also to the SARS-CoV-1 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from 2013) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from 2018), it is mentioned that there are scientific publications that demonstrate the benefits of treatments with natural products. Some natural products rich in phytonutrients can be used as an alternative to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases along with some treatments with pharmaceuticals that are very good, but are more aggressive towards the body. Some of the natural products –to be more effective –are used in processed form –as essential oils, as products obtained by distillation under specific conditions, as tinctures or as aqueous or alcoholic extracts –these being tested by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Asia is one of the continent with a tradition in natural herbal treatments, and the origin of these pandemic viruses has further driven researchers to seek and develop new techniques and methods to obtain natural products –concentrated enough to be effective but not no harm to patients. Also, the World Health Organization promotes innovations regarding new potential treatments for new viral diseases and also welcomes traditional, alternative, and complementary medicine –which can have an important role in healthcare. And because some of the viral diseases are found also in animals and humans –the researchers have a very complicated job to find therapies that not only treat and prevent but also are efficient and safe! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent the appearance of consumer diseases, any food products need to respect bacteriological standards; to not contain pathogenic germs, and the saprophytes ones have to be under maximal norm limits. In this study there were harvested 30 samples of Telemea cheese, from two different production units, in two different counties. The samples were collected in two different seasons: summer and winter and were microbiological analysed, in order to determine the following parameters: coliform bacteria, E. coli, Coagulase-positive staphylococci, Salmonella, total number of yeasts and moulds. The result were statistical evaluated, establishing each microbiological index dynamic, depending on season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a part of an ample research regarding racing performance’s improvement of Romanian Trotter horse breed. Study of average values of the main body dimensions that are used in horse selection process can offer an idea about the population genetic level, because, regarding to a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. The main body dimensions that was analysed in this study and who are used in the selection process of horses in Romania, is: withers height, thoracyc perimether and cannon bone perimether. All this evaluation of Romania Trotter horses through the integration of individs in an evaluation class, it was made in accordance with selection methodology. The biological material is represented by 62 Romanian Trotter horses, 8 males and 54 females, at different ages, owned by Dor Marunt studfarm. The average performances of characters are presented in the paper. We can observe a small grade of variability with some differences between sexes. The average performances of the characters are between characteristic limits of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pinzgau breed in Romania (known as Pinzgau from Transylvania) is a very valuable genetic resource, and can be found mainly in the NW of the Carpathian Mountains, the Dornelor basin with the Bucovina High Hills (Obcinele Bucovinene), SW of Transylvania. In the absence of a coherent active conservation program, this resource may disappear at any time. In our opinion, the major vulnerability of the Pinzgau breed is the indiscriminate infusions with Red Holstein or Simmental, as a consequence of the lack of firm actions to preserve the genetic heritage. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk somatic cells count, character that significantly affect the health of animals and milk constituents that gives its quality. Also, this character could allow a selection of individuals in the direction of resistance to mastitis. A total 252 milk yield and associated characters records, belonging to 63 females from Suceava County, which coming from 8 sire families, for 4 lactations were analyzed. In the absence of consistent data, the paternal origin of females was established after ear tags. The method used for genetic parameters estimates was REML. Study has revealed the existence of a poor genetic determinism for somatic cell count and a high variability of character analyzed according to number of lactation. The results indicate that environmental factors have a greater contribution to the phenotypic manifestation of character. So, the number of somatic cells must be exclusively an indicator of milk hygiene and not included in selection for mastitis resistance of Romanian Pinzgau within active conservation program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a part of an ample research regarding the pheasant exploitation systems. In Romania, the main game, for a long period, it was the hare. In the last decade the hare population has recorded a significant decreasing. In these conditions, the hunters will increase the pressure on pheasants. It is now very important, from economically point of view but not only, to produce more pheasants. Because of the Romanian politics regarding the protection of predatory game, an important increasing of pheasant population, in wild conditions, it is impossible. The pheasant farms from Romania were established between 1970 and 1980. The main purpose of these farms was to produce pheasant meat for export, and only secondary to produce individuals for population of hunting areas. More than that, the individuals obtained are less resistant, becoming an easy prey for predators. In these conditions, the knowledge of the other functional models from the western states and not only has a special importance. The literature cites record harvests of 10,000 pheasants annually on a plot of approximately 17,000 acres (approximately 6,883 ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pheasant is a widespread bird in most European countries, especially raised to be hunted. The pheasant can be raised in captivity and released before hunting. Nutritionists recommend an increased consumption of pheasant meat due to its nutritional qualities. This meat contains small amounts of fat; it is rich in vitamins, minerals, calcium and has a low percentage of cholesterol and carbohydrates. The pheasant meat also contains B vitamins, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus. It is a good aliment for people who suffer from thyroid disease, due to the large amount of iodine. It is considered that the pheasant reaches culinary maturity at the age of 6 months, at this age reaching a weight of 1.5 kg. According to studies, the slaughter yield of pheasants is 60.9% to 67.7%. Regarding body sizes, in the case of wild pheasant, the size of chest was bigger compared with the thighs. In terms of meat quality, depending on rearing conditions, were reported slightly higher values for the amount of fat in meat in farmed pheasants compared to those in the wild. Compared to broilers, the amount of protein in the dry matter of meat extracted from the breast was much higher, as it follows: 5.16% in females and 9.95% in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the optimal size of different types of bovine farms for meat and milk production. The study is based on the statistical data provided by Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Rural Development, National Institute of Statistics and The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The data have been processed into the following indicators: cattle livestock, number of dairy cows, number of bovine farms, type of farm and economic efficiency. During the analysed period, cattle livestock has continuously increased and dairy cows number decreased. As a conclusion, the best performing cow farms in our country are those that have medium size and use modern breeding and exploitation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is another just part for an ample study regarding evolution of species from Cervidae family in Romania. The programme is developed in collaboration with Romanian Hunter's Federation. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the reality, to find causes and to elaborate long term strategies in direction of biodiversity conservation, especially for wild game. In the last years the Romanian hunters indicate that the number of roe deer population decreasing, because of intensive agriculture and also because of high number of predators (bear, wolf and lynx population). We analyze the official data from national evaluation of sedentary game in Calarasi County. Hunting territories in this area are managed by National Forest Authority, county associations of hunters and other associations for conservation of biodiversity and management of hunting territories. We analyse cervidae real livestock between by counties, by sexes, and in comparison with optimal livestock (maximal number of individuals who can leave in a hunting area, without causing damage to the agricultural fields or in the forest). Considering the new agricultural technics and technologies it is relatively normal to find a numerical depreciation of wild game. But for cervidae populations, in analysed period in Calarasi County, we find a good and representative population. The differences between what can be saw in hunting territories and what is reported was analyzed. We can say that the evaluation, the official evaluation, is not perfect and we must work together to know exactly the livestocks and to develop a long term strategy for conservation of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of average performances in a population have a huge importance because, regarding a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value. So, the studies of the average value of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. The biological material is represented by 91 Hucul horse from PIETROSU bloodline divided in 3 stallion families analyzed at 18, 30 and 42 months old, owned by Lucina hucul stood farm. The average performances for cannon bone perimeter was 17.20 cm. at 18 months, 18.04 cm. at 30 months old and 18.63 cm. at 42 months old. We can observe a good growth rate from one age to another and significant differences between sexes. The average performances of the character are between characteristic limits of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of additives in the meat industry must ensure that obtained products are appreciated by consumers, provided good yields are achieved. Thus, the work follows the influence of water, salt, polyphosphate and fat additions, on heat treatment losses, hardness, as well as sensory properties of meat products. Analyzing the experimental results it has been found that with the increase in the percentage of water and fat added, cooking losses increased, while the hardness decreased. Increasing the addition of salt has determined to a decrease in heat treatment losses and increased hardness of thermally treated products. The addition of polyphosphates increasing has generated to a decrease in heat treatment losses and hardness of products. By following the degree of sensory satisfaction, in general, increasing the addition of water, salt, polyphosphates has led to appreciated products, with the exception of the increase in added fat that has led to a decrease in the satisfaction of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on growth performance, weight, daily average enrichment recorded on hybrids of the native Tzurcana breed with the two paternal breeds of French Vendeen and White of Central Massif were the objective of study and analysis of this paper. The study was conducted from the spring of 2018 on the sheep private farm of the County - Olt on the 180 females sheep, of which 30 were of the Vendeen breed to track the performance of the pure breed in our country. The other 100 females were cross with the two races to obtain F1 hybrids with Vendeen and BMC, and 50 were considered a control group of the pure Tzurcana native breed. All animals were subjected to control of calf weight W0 at 30 days of age W1 at 70 days W2 and W3 at 98 days of age. The results high lighted both the net superiority of the meat and the adaptability of the Vendeen paternal breed to the semi-intensive exploitation system towards Tzurcana; the prolificity was 140% versus 103% and a net average net increase of 72 g/day in females and 94 g/day in males in the first month of 90 g/day in both sexes in the 2nd month of growth respectively 91 g/day in females and 87g/day in males in the third month of growth. It is evident both the superiority of the pure paternal breed and the crossbreed obtained from the breeds with the breeds mentioned, regarding the assimilation-conversion capacity and the different growth rate in stages compared to the native breed, but between the crossbreeds the results are relatively similar to the small difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on various avian species has shown that supplementation of diets with various mineral elements can have favourable effects on production indices, production quality and bird health. In particular, chromium has proven to be an essential mineral, active biologically as a component of glucose tolerance factor, which enhances tissue sensitivity to insulin and glucose utilization. Clinical trials conducted in human patients diagnosed with Type II diabetes along with studies on production animals have led to the conclusion that chromium is beneficial to animals and people undergoing physical or metabolic stress. A brief analysis of chromium supplementation of avian species feed revealed more results of chromium supplementation in broiler nutrition compared to laying hens, which is why the present review was conducted to evaluate the results of using different chromium sources in laying hens. Summarizing the information from the scientific literature on the use of chromium in laying hens nutrition can highlight whether this nutritional strategy is useful or not for laying hens farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forestry measures applied consist in adjusting and decreasing of the forestry personnel for obtaining wooden material as required, with a good physiological state, without any specific flaw on its surface. The IV production Unit of Chirnogi belongs and develops in district Campiei Burnasului, it is administered by Mitreni SilvicDistrict, while being a public property of the state in the R.N.P. Romsilva. Thinning shave been done in UPF IV Chirnogi on a surface of 41.16 ha with a volume of 455 m3 and a 46 m3 annual average. The major modifications have been done by assignations in the parcel and underlake area in UP III Frasin Ulmeni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current trends for sheep breeders are in a close relation with the european or national financial support. In this case,this species deserve all this support on the characteristic market. In this study we try to put in a better light the performances of an autohtone sheep breed, Teleorman's Black Head sheep, analyzing the body mesurements. We analized all this performances as an average, because only in this way we can have a correct view of population. Ram's body weight was 87.8 ±1.98 kg with an CV%=9.57. Females body weight, in average, was 69.15 ± 0.19 kg with an CV%=5.62. The average performances for wither's height was 72.66±0.59 cm. Croup's height was 74.13±0.47 cm, and average performance for body length was recorded at 82.66±0.62cm. Thoracic perimether was 104.76±0.64 cm, and cannon bone perimeter 8.34±0.06 cm. Chest width had an average performance at 25.24±0.18 cm, and the croup's width at hips was 25.78±0.31 cm The head length was 28.7±0.19 cm, and the head width 17.32±0.10 cm. All this calculated values reveal us an hypermetric conformation with tendencies for brevimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of important ancestors give us information about breeding methodic in analized population (origins, selection on ascendants) and also about possibilities of breed evolution (small number of ancestors, maintaining the genetic similarity with remarkable ancestors or the preference for descendants of certain individuals, may lead to inbreeding and genetic drift).In pedigrees of Gidran horse, from Tulucesti studfarm, was identified 104 male ancestors. It was ordered by three criteria: the kinship with sire stallions, the relationship with brood mares, and with the population, as a whole (reproductive nucleus, stallions and mares) at that time. The results highlight the fact that the kinship share of male ascendants in the population is between 0% and 19.46%. Eight stallions have a higher genetic resemblance to the population, ranging from 15.84% to 19.46%. The relatively small differences between sire stallions reveal concerns for maintaining a large number of males, necessary to avoid inbreeding and to ensure a normal population evolution under reproductive isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the evolution of green house gases emissions from entheric fermentation and manure management at nonruminants Romanian livestock during the period 2014 -2017. The emissions are based on the data provided by National Institute for Statistics. The data have been processed into the following indicators: nonruminants livestock, number of: breeding females (sows), swine youth categories as piglets (under 20 kg and 20-50 kg), fattening swine, breeding swine, horses, for entheric fermentation. For manure management were including two poultry categories: broilers and adult laying chickens. All categories included in this study were in accordance with IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2006, and parameters used in equations have national values (gross energy intake, digestible energy, EF, MS, Nex). The researchproved that the green house gases emission trend from entheric fermentation and manure management were descending, due to the decrease in the number of animals, and due to conversion to sustainable agriculture sustained by government subsidies for environmental measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in order to calculate the competitiveness index for milk yield, fat and protein percent in the population of Romanian Buffalo from Şercaia Research and Development Station. A total 609 milk yield and associated characters records, belonging to 87 females, which coming from 11 sire families, for 7 lactations were analysed. The method used was an index elaborated by Sandu (1983) which takes into account the genetic determinism of traits, genetic correlations and economic weight. The method used for genetic parameters estimates was REML, and for economic weights was linear multiple regression. The competitiveness index for milk yield, fat and protein percent in seven lactations were calculated as: 0.1158, -0.0040, -0.0279; 0.0683, 0.0024, -0.0087; 0.0817, 0.0141, -0.0249; 0.5265, 0.0013, -0.1134; 0.1441, 0.0479, -0.0567; 0.1806, 0.0005, -0.0478; 0.3170, -0.0300, -0.0921. Results indicated that the selection objective of Romanian Buffalo is milk yield genetic improvement. But, taking into account the genetic correlations between traits, an optimization of the female selection criterion becomes mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving of goat milk quality is the last trend in goat breeding. Productivity is allready at a high level so we must do the price difference only by the quality parameters. More than that, the market demand high quality products certified as „bio" or „organic". We analyze, in this case goat milk production, from qualitative point of view, in Murciana Granadina breed, exploited in Romania but imported from Spain. The breeder choice was explained by the fact that this goat breed have maybe the best qualitative paramethers in Spain, so it is possible to obtain high quality dairy products, solving a part of the market demands. Results show us a high conten of fats (5.28%), protein (2.98%) and lact. (4.41%). This paramethers give an important advantage in production of dairy specialties, and of course in increasing of economical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These studies are the point to the proposal of solutions to minimize the risk of methemoglobinemia in infants or of other diseases or chronic fluid in adults, which may be caused by the presence of these nutrients in the waters described. The research has been done in 3villages (Măldăieni, Roiori de Vede, Peretu). For each research site, based on soil, surface/wells and manure samples were determined: the type and soil texture and supply status with major nutrients, soil reaction, fertilizers and pesticides, surface/wells quality, quantities and quality of manure from fresh and fermented samples. The samples were taken of surface water and from the well simultaneously. Surface water quality varies from class II quality close to class III. Water fountain concentrations of nitrogen forms, in all samples analyzed, were very close or exceed of maximum admissible values. Testing the significance of differences observed between the average values of the samples from the sites of research was done with the Student test for each analyzed compartment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the economic weights of milk yield, fat and protein percent estimated in the population of Romanian Buffalo from Șercaia Research and Development Station. A total 609 milk yield and associated characters records, belonging to 87 females, which coming from 11 sire families, for 7 lactations were analysed. The method used was multiple linear regression, and as a global indicator the „mozzarella index" was used. The economic values for milk yield, fat and protein percent in seven lactations were calculated as: € 0.9636, € 0.1367, € -0.0974; € 0.9729, € 0.0912, € -0.0661; € 0.9948, € 0.1978, € -0.1935; € 0.9922, € 0.1506, € -0.1452; € 0.9932, € 0.2691, € -0.2645; € 0.9891, € 0.1454, € -0.1352; € 0.9890, € 0.1708, € -0.1597. Results indicated that a major weight should be given to milk yield and fat percent. Negative value associated with protein percent suggest that the fat had a higher price compared to protein, and the payment system should be based on milk yield and fat percent for mozzarella production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploitation of specialized goats in Romania is a growing concern among breeders. The explanation can be attributed to the initial intervention on the milk quota and more recently due to the new agricultural policies. Thus, performing animals that are exploited for milk production such as Murcia Granadina breed are imported. This breed is distinguished mainly by the quality of milk, but also by the performance achieved in the environment. The study shows how to adapt the Spanish breed to the type of semi-intensive farm in southern Romania. Specific body measurements were performed, basic indices, prolificacy, and production performances were determined. This was followed up the process of youth growth as well as the quantitative and qualitative performance of milk obtained at Agrivalahia - Conteşti farm, Dâmboviţa County. The study was carried out within the framework of the CAPRIPLUS project, which aims to achieve qualitative performance for a higher milk. The main body size results show: live weight 45.58±0.73 kg, as an average, withers height 67.02±0.33 cm, the height at the crupper 65.25±0.36 cm, oblique body lengt 67.25±0.82 cm, head length 22.51±0.12 cm, head width 13.19±0.19 cm, chest width 17.05±0.31 cm, croup width 17.55±0.17 cm, thoracical perimeter 76.89±0.84 cm and cannon bone perimeter 7.84±0.15 cm. These dimensions correspond to a population with a typical dolicomorphic conformation. There are also typical hypo-eumetric dimensions (developed skeleton, high profile, straight upper line, fine head). These data are also confirmed by basic body indices which was determinate. Milk production is only 440.4 ± 0.18 liters for a period of 185 days of average lactation. Daily average milk production is 2.4 liters. However, milk quality gives a much better breed advantage for its average fat of 5.16% and about 2.95% for protein. This type of milk is suitable for the preparation of a certain type of cheese and specialties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is just a partial study for an ample research regarding evolution of species from Cervidae family in Romania. The programme is developed in collaboration with Romanian Hunter's Federation. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the reality, to find causes and to elaborate long term strategies in direction of biodiversity conservation, especially for wild game. In the last years the Romanian hunters indicate that the number of roe deer population decreasing, because of intensive agriculture and also because of high number of predators (bear, wolf and lynx population). The analysis is based on the official data from national evaluation of sedentary game in Giurgiu County. Hunting territories in this area are managed by National Forest Authority, county associations of hunters and other associations for conservation of biodiversity and management of hunting territories. The real cervidae livestock was analyzed between 2006 and 2015 by county, and sex, and in comparison with the optimal livestock (maximal number of individuals who can leave in a hunting area without causing damage to the agricultural fields or in the forest). Considering the new agricultural techniques and technologies it is relatively normal to find a numerical depreciation of wild game. In analysed period in Giurgiu County, the cervidae populations is good and representative. Also, there were analyzed the differences between what can be seen in hunting territories and what is reported. As a conclusion, the official evaluation is not perfect and the problem is to put together population from fence area (intensive growth) with the population from free area. In this case, it is needed to evaluate exactly the livestock and to developed a long term strategy for conservation of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]