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The objective of this research was to study of the correlation between RGB colour indicators and lead concentration in leafy plants. Cabbage and lettuce crops were watered with 3 levels of Lead Pb-contaminated (2.4 and 6 mg/lit). To distinguish the heavy metal contamination and their impact on vegetative characteristics for plants, the results showed with the levels of poisoning (0,2,4, and 6 mg/lit) showed the maximum value of Hue and vegetative were 0.76. and 0.032, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 2.15 and 1.51. Also with the levels of poisoning (0,2,4, and 6mg/lit) showed the maximum value of simple red-green ratio and Green-red vegetation index was 1.61. and 0.23, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 1.28 and 0.12. for Cabbage crops while for lettuce the results showed with the levels of poisoning (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/lit) showed the maximum value of Hue and vegetative were 0.71. and 0.027, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 0.41 and 0.024. Also with the levels of poisoning (0,2,4, and 6 mg/lit) showed the maximum value of simple red-green ratio and Green-red vegetation index was 1.65. and 0.43, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 1.6 and 0.2. Linear regression analysis was performed on the equations to predict the monitoring Hue and vegetative and simple red-green ratio and Green-red vegetation index The red, green, blue band and intensity, the simple blue-green ratio addition to visible atmospherically resistant index simple green leaf and normalized greenblue difference index The RGB-based vegetation index 2 and RGB-based vegetation index 3 at different poisoning levels. The existence of a strong relationship between them and contains a high coefficient of determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrated the possibility of using the digital image model and Detect The RGB Colour Vegetation Indicators for Cabbage and Lettuce Crop under nitrogen deficiency and water deficiency. For cabbage, the results show the relationship between the vegetation indicators based on colour indicators and the different fertilization levels of cabbage crops, which were at level (50 ETC), indicating that the Hue index and vegetative reached their heights indicators in the fourth level of fertilization (150%) respectively, which amounted to 2.23 and 2.03. While their minimum indicators were the third level of fertilization and amounted to 2.10 and 0.64 respectively. For Lettuce, the results demonstrated the correlation between the color indicators and the fertilization level (0%), which was at level (100% ETC), during the third stage of irrigation. The simple red-green ratio, green-red vegetation index, and visible atmospherically resistant index all reached their maximum indicators on irrigation, amounting to 0.9, 0.84, and 1.07 respectively, while the simple blue-green ratio, green leaf was increasing until it reached 0.22, 0.73, then followed by the normalized green-blue difference whose maximum indicator reached 0.67 in the same period. As a result of irrigation, the RGB-based vegetation indexes 2 and 3 attained their maximum indicators, which were 5.56 and 6.74, respectively. After watering, the Hue index and vegetative indicators attained their respective peak values of 2.23 and 2.81. While their minimum markers were 2.16 and 2, respectively, before irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was the possibility of using infrared thermography IR to detect and continuously monitor for lettuce plants growing conditions. Also, discernment plants stresses under the shortage of nitrogen and irrigation water. The results showed for Lettuce plants, At the level of fertilization (0%), the maximum values of lettuce the lowest values for MTD maximum temperature difference, and normalized relative canopy temperature NRCT were 0.673 and 0.1 °C at irrigation systems ETC 100% and ETC 50% and nitrogen fertilization systems at 0% level.. And ETC 50% and systems and nitrogen fertilization level 100%. In the fourth level of fertilization (150%), the maximum value of leaf temperature was 24, 23, 22.5, and 23 °C and NRCT was 5.5 and 3.5 °C, and the lowest values for MTD and NRCT were 0.82, 0.28 °C, and 0.018 °C at 0.018 °C. Irrigation ETC 100% and ETC 50% and systems and nitrogen fertilization standard 150%. Also crop water stress index increased from 0.18. at the initial stage to 0.4. and at rapid stage, mid-season stage, and late season stage increased from 0.28 to 0.45, from 0.3 to 0.5, and from 0.31 to 0.59 respectively at constant irrigation level (0%) and the fertilization level from 0 % to 100%, also the index of stomatal conductance with the same trend the crop water stress index increased from 0.51. at the initial stage to 1.26. and at rapid stage, mid-season stage, and late season stage increased from 0.36 to 2.14, from 0.93 to 3.52, and from 0.95 to 5.52 respectively at constant irrigation level (0%) and the fertilization level from 0 % to 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was the possibility of using IR images to detect lead toxicity for Cabbage and lettuce crops. Lead Pb-contaminated were watered with 3 levels of (2, 4,and 6 mg/lit). To distinguish the heavy metal contamination and their impact on vegetative characteristics. For plants, the results showed a poisoning level (2mg/liter). The maximum MTD and NRCT values were 6.3 and 4, respectively. The lowest values under the same level of poisoning were 0.89 and 0.01. The greatest MTD and NRCT values at the poisoning level (4 mg/liter) were 5.3 and 2.5, respectively. The lowest values at the same level of poisoning were 0.19 and 0.07. Additionally, at the same time period with the same poisoning level (6 mg/liter), the maximum values for MTD and NRCT were 5.8 and 0.24, and the lowest values were 1.5 and 0.1. C. For lettuce plants, at a toxic dose of 2 mg/liter. The MTD and NRCT values ranged from 6.2 and 1.5 to 0.2 and 0.09 at the same amount of poisoning, respectively. Intoxication (4 mg/liter). In poisoning level (4mg/liter) the highest values for MTD and NRCT were 3.2 and 1.87 also the minimum value in the same level of poisoning were 0.2 and 0.08. And in the same period with poisoning level (6mg/liter) the highest values for MTD and NRCT were 2.88 and 1.55 also the minimum value in the same level of poisoning were 0.22 and 0.05. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict MTD and NRCT at different days were done . The maximum value of cabbage temperature of air, soil, canopy, and leaf was 35, 30, 27, and 23 °C, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 17.4, 16.2, 15.5 and 14.5 °C, in poisoning level (2mg/liter). In poisoning level (4mg/liter) the maximum value of cabbage temperature of air, soil, canopy, and leaf were 40, 35, 28, and 31 C, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 14, 15, 16. and 17.9 °C. While the maximum value of lettuce temperature of air, soil, canopy, and leaf was 33.6, 30.6, 28.6, and 26 °C, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 18.9, 17.8, 15.4 and 13.6 °C, in poisoning level (2mg/liter). In poisoning level (4mg/liter) the maximum value of Lettuce temperature of air, soil, canopy, and leaf were 40, 32.7, 28.6, and 26 °C, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 24, 21, 18. and 13.7 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was conducted on the farm of the agricultural research station, Agricultural Research Center, Tripoli, Libya (latitude of 32° 12' 25" and longitude of 13° 62' 16") during the season of 2021-2022. Cabbage and lettuce crops were planted at greenhouse condition in November 2021. The objective of this study was using alternate representations of infrared thermography IR to detect the vegetative indicators addition to continuously monitor cabbage and lettuce plants growing conditions for discrimination plants stresses under the shortage of nitrogen and irrigation water, using four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 150% of Nitrogen recommended). Also four levels of water regime (50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of ETc) . The leaf-to-air temperature difference (ΔT), The relationship between the temperature of the canopy (Tc) and temperature of soil (Ts), pair is best suited to find the plant under water stress. Water stress index (CWSI) and stomatal conductance index (Ig) using various reference and non-reference thresholding techniques were tested. In this research a thermal imaging system was used to measure the leaf-temperature changes of several crops according to plant stresses. Results showed by applying 100% fertilization and 100% ETc to cabbage. The heat stress was the highest as MTD, maximum temperature difference, normalized relative canopy temperature were 8 and 0.32 C when the water stress as CWSI, IG index of stomatal conductance were 0.5 and 4.15 for cabbage in100% ETC and 150%F. Finally, possibility of using infrared thermography for detailed and continuous monitoring showed its ability to distinguish and show the thermal and water stress of plants under nitrogen and water deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]