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A novel type of nonlinear robust control strategy is proposed in view of uncertain nonlinear factors, such as hysteresis, creep, and high-frequency vibration, of piezoelectric actuators (PEAs). This strategy can be used for the precise trajectory tracking of PEAs. The Bouc–Wen dynamic model is reasonably simplified to facilitate engineering application. The hysteresis term is summarized as an unknown term to avoid its nonlinear parameter identification. The controller robustness is achieved due to the nonsingular terminal sliding mode control, and the online estimation of unknown disturbances is realized because of the delay estimation technology; thus, no prior knowledge of the unknown boundary of the system is required. The precision robust differentiator is used to estimate the speed and acceleration signals in real time on the basis of the obtained displacement signals. The closed-loop stability of the system is proved by the Lyapunov criterion. Experimental results show that the proposed control strategy performs better than the traditional time-delay estimation control in terms of control accuracy and energy conservation. Therefore, the proposed control strategy can play an important role in the micro/nanofield driven by PEAs.

In order to make mine escape route have better applicability, the method of classification and calculation of the best escape route when the mine is facing different types of disaster risk was discussed. According to characteristics of different disasters, mine disasters are classified into three categories: water inrush disaster, roof fall accident, and a category including coal and gas outburst, gas or coal dust explosion, mine fires. Feasible topological maps for the three types of disasters are plotted, and equivalent length of each roadway is calculated. The equivalent length of the roadway is taken into the topological map as weight of each side of the feasible route, and the shortest path algorithm Dijkstra algorithm is used to solve the best escape route of each topology. Analysis result shows that the method expands selection of escape routes and make capacity of roadway system be fully developed with more refugees.

In this work, a low-profile optical transparent wideband metamaterial absorber based on radiation–absorption reciprocal theory is proposed. The top layer and bottom layer are composed of indium tin oxide–polyethylene terephthalate films, and the middle layer is a transparent substrate polymethyl methacrylate. The method of transparent wideband absorption using reciprocal theory is proposed to guide the design. Based on characteristic mode analysis and calculated equivalent aperture efficiency, the absorber consisting of composite resonators is analyzed and designed. The equivalent circuit model and surface current distributions are studied to verify the design. The numerical results show that high absorption of greater than 90% in the frequency range of 5.7–16.4 GHz is obtained. A wideband absorption rate of greater than 80% at a 60° incident angle under TM polarization and an absorption rate of greater than 65% at a 60° incident angle under TE polarization are obtained. The proposed design has the advantages of broadband absorption, polarization insensitivity, light transmittance of more than 70%, and compact structure, which can be applied to special scenes that require optical transparency, such as anechoic chamber glass and cockpit glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly exploring random tree star (RRT*) algorithm is widely used to solve path planning problems. However, the RRT* algorithm and its variants fall short of achieving a balanced consideration of path quality and safety. To address this issue, an improved discretized artificial potential field-QRRT* (IDAPF-QRRT*) path planning strategy is introduced. Initially, the APF method is integrated into the Quick-RRT* (Q-RRT*) algorithm, utilizing the attraction of goal points and the repulsion of obstacles to optimize the tree expansion process, swiftly achieving superior initial solutions. Subsequently, a triangle inequality-based path reconnection mechanism is introduced to create and reconnect path points, optimize the path length, and accelerate the generation of sub-optimal paths. Finally, by refining the traditional APF method, a repulsive orthogonal vector field is obtained, achieving the orthogonalization between repulsive and attractive vector fields. This places key path points within the optimized vector field and adjusts their positions, thereby enhancing path safety. Compared to the Q-RRT* algorithm, the DPF-QRRT* algorithm achieves a 37.66% reduction in the time taken to achieve 1.05 times the optimal solution, and the IDAPF-QRRT* strategy nearly doubles generated path safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonlinear robust motion control strategy was proposed to achieve precise movement of objective motion carrier in context of large numerical aperture microscopy imaging technology, which required a long stroke, high precision, and large load capabilities. An optical path system and a virtual prototype of a large numerical aperture microscope were designed. In addition, a ball-screw-driven objective motion carrier was designed, and the backlash of ball-screw was eliminated by double nut preloading method. To achieve finite-time convergence of system state and improve system robust¬ness, an adaptive technology was employed in nonsingular terminal sliding mode control. Further¬more, to address nonlinear friction effect in ball-screw transmission mechanisms, TDE technology was employed to realize online estimation and real-time compensation of friction forces. TDE technolo¬gy and adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode control were adopted to achieve model-free control characteristics. The stability of closed-loop system was proved by Lyapunov theory. Consequently, a high-resolution optical microscope was developed to achieve precise movement of objective motion car¬rier, and microscopic images of mouse cardiac muscle cells were acquired to demonstrate the effective¬ness of the proposed algorithm [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]