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The EVASYON Study Group., [Background & aim]: A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual's dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes., [Methods]: To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n = 117, aged: 13–16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents' compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI., [Results]: Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen's d = 0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes., [Conclusions]: We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support., The study was supported by the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality via the Carlos III Institute of Health (FIS Grant PI051080, PI051579). The EVASYON study received the award for the best applied research project in 2009 from AESAN (Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs. The study was supported by Aragon's Regional Government (DGA, Diputación General de Aragón) and European Regional Development Fund.

The influence of the consumption of natural carob fiber (NCF), an insoluble hypocholesterolemic fiber, as the unique dietary fiber or combined with cellulose (CEL) or pectin (PEC), on mineral bioavailability was studied. Six groups of rats were fed for 10 days diets containing 10% CEL, NCF, PEC or CEL+NCF, CEL+PEC and NCF+PEC mixtures at 50%. Food intake was lower with PEC than NCF and CEL+NCF, but final body weight was unaffected. Fecal weight showed significant differ ences in the following order: CEL, NCF, CEL+NCF > CEL+PEC, NCF+PEC > PEC. Percentage of calcium absorption was higher with CEL+PEC and NCF+PEC compared with the rest of fibers. Mag nesium absorption was also significantly enhanced in these two groups compared to NCF (p < 0.0004). Iron absorption did not show variations. Zinc apparent absorption was reduced by PEC, but the NCF+PEC mixture counterbalanced this effect. Liver iron was significantly lower with NCF+PEC than CEL, and liver iron concentration was significantly lower with NCF+PEC compared to CEL+PEC. Liver zinc was significantly higher with CEL+NCF than PEC while liver zinc concentrations were slightly higher with the former (p = 0.05 compared to NCF). The results indicate that NCF, compared to CEL and PEC, did not decrease the efficiency of calcium, magnesium and iron absorption in rats, while compared to PEC it increased zinc apparent absorption. Moreover, by combining NCF with PEC calcium and magnesium, absorptions enhanced in comparison with NCF alone, which was prob ably a result of the combination of soluble and insoluble fibers.

Se ha estudiado los efectos del tipo de proceso implicado en la fabricacion de formulas infantiles en la absorcion y utilizacion metabolica de la proteina en ratas. Se emplearon dos formulas infantiles en polvo de diferentes fabricantes (P1, P2) y otra esterilizada en botella (SC1) y una UHT (UHT2). P1 presento los mayores valores de furosina. La lactulosa fue superior en los productos liquidos que en los productos en polvo, especialmente en SC1, que presento la mayor relacion lactulosa/furosina y la mas intensa desnaturalizacion de las proteinas sericas, evaluada mediante SDS-PAGE. Cinco grupos de ratas se alimentaron durante 12 dias con una dieta control o con dietas isocaloricas que contenian cada una de las formulas infantiles y una dieta estandar en la proporcion 40:60. El contenido proteico de las dietas preparadas fue de 162 g/kg. No se observaron diferencias en la ingesta, peso, eficacia alimentaria ni eficacia proteica debidas al tipo de formula infantil consumida. En el grupo SCI aumento el nitrogeno fecal y disminuyo la digestibilidad proteica en comparacion con los otros grupos. El valor biologico fue mas bajo en Pl que en SCL Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias entre los 4 grupos en el balance de nitrogeno ni en la utilizacion neta de la proteina. Estos resultados pusieron de manifiesto las diferencias entre formulas infantiles, en funcion del fabricante y del tratamiento, que pueden incidir en la digestibilidad y utilizacion metabolica. de la proteina.

Olive oil, sunflower oil and palm olein, unused or used in repeated potato frying until the oils reached the limit of 25% of polar compounds (PC) were used. Wistar rats were fed over 28 days diets containing 8% of: olive oil, olive oil from 48 fryings, olive oil from 69 fryings (25% PC), sunflower oil, sunflower oil from 48 fryings (25% PC), palm olein and palm olein from 80 fryings (25% PC) Body weight and food intake were monitored weekly and food efficiency was calculated. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed to separate the liver and calculate the hepatosomatic index. The consumption of frying oils did not modify food Intake, body weight food efficiency nor liver weight but hepatosomatic index was higher in rats consuming frying palm olein compared to unused palm olein.Se utilizaron aceites de oliva, girasol y oleína de palma, crudos o procedentes de frituras repetidas de patatas sin reposición de aceite hasta alcanzar el límite del 25% de compuestos polares (CP). Ratas Wistar se alimentaron durante 28 días con dietas que contenían un 8% de: aceite de oliva, aceite de oliva de 48 frituras, aceite de oliva de 69 frituras (25% CP), aceite de girasol, aceite de girasol de 48 frituras (25% CP), oleína de palma y oleína de palma de 80 frituras (25% CP). Peso e ingesta se controlaron semanalmente y se calculó el coeficiente de eficacia alimentaria. Al final del experimento los animales se sacrificaron para extraer los hígados y determinar el índice hepatosomático. El consumo de los aceites empleados en fritura no modificó la ingesta, peso, coeficiente de eficacia alimentaria ni el peso de los hígados, observándose únicamente un incremento del índice hepatosomático en los animales que ingirieron la oleína de palma frita frente a la cruda.

The influence of drinking tea on copper bioavailability is unclear, particularly when tea is consumed with food. A breakfast meal containing white bread, margarine, strawberry jam, cheese and tea, with or without milk, was digested in; vitro and the dialysis of copper investigated. Reference breakfasts were prepared with water and water with milk. Copper dialysability (percentage of copper dialysed) was markedly increased by tea. The influence of adding milk to tea was not significant. A second study was carried out in rats using the breakfasts containing tea and water. They were spiked with 64Cu and given orally to the animals in a single dose. Whole‐body 64Cu retention was measured over a 4‐day period after administration. In order to determine the true absorption of 64Cu a control group of rats received the dose intraperitioneally. The results in vivo indicate a tendency to higher absorption and retention of 64Cu with tea. Liver 64Cu retention was significantly elevated by tea. Therefore, the presence of tea in a breakfast meal favours the formation of soluble low‐molecular‐weight ligands which can be absorbed and retained by rats. The concomitant increase in liver copper retetition may be associated with higher bioavailability and/or lower copper mobilisation.

An oil implicated in the Spanish 'toxic syndrome' was studied for its effect on fat digestibility and adipose-tissue composition in rats. The effects produced by the mixture of oils and those induced by the presence of oleoanilides were assessed separately. For 4 wk, Wistar rats were fed diets containing either a mixture of oils similar to that constituting the toxic oil, the same mixture of oils supplemented with oleanilides, or the toxic oil (which also contained oleoanilides) and were then compared with a group fed olive oil. Food consumption fluctuated sharply in the group fed the toxic oil, falling significantly in the last week of the study. The digestibility coefficient of the various fats was similar, although the rats fed the toxic oil did absorb less fat because of the lower intake. The nitrogen content of the periovarian adipose tissue was highest in the rats fed the toxic oil, and the adipose-tissue fatty acids most affected by this treatment were linoleic and linolenic acid. The Δ-9 desaturase activity, measured in terms of the C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0 ratios, was significantly less in the group fed the toxic oil, which suggests functional modifications of the adipocyte related to lipogenesis.

An oil involved in the 'toxic syndrome' and two similar mixtures of oils, one with and the other without added oleoanilides, were studied for their effects on the utilization of protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and zinc. Forty-eight female Wistar rats initially weighing about 75 g were fed for 28 days on the same semi-synthetic diet containing: virgin olive oil, or a mixture of canbra oil (50%), refined olive-pomace oil (20%), grapeseed oil (20%) and animal fat (10%), or the same dietary mixture supplemented with either 700 ppm oleoanilides or the alleged toxic oil. Weight, food intake and nutritional balances were monitored. The food intake of the animals fed the toxic oil began to decrease at the end of the trial, producing a reduction in the amount of nutrients ingested, but no weight loss. This oil also negatively affected the digestion of protein, potassium, sodium and zinc, the mechanism of which, in the case of the first two, appears to be related to the source of the fat. It also decreased metabolic utilization while favouring protein catabolism and the elimination of phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. No substantial modifications were noted in the animals' bones.