Search

Ismailia Canal is one of the most important branches of the Nile River in Egypt. It is the main source of drinking and irrigation water for many cities. Water and sediments samples were taken from 6 sites during 6 months of (Jan., Mar., May, July, Sept. and Nov.) 2017. The sites are: (I) El-Mazalat (at start of the canal), (II) Al- Ameriyah, (III) Mostourd, (IV) Abu-Zaabl, (V) Al-Monair and (VI) Belbies. The samples of water and sediments were chemically analyzed for detection of heavy metals i.e., (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn). Abu-Zaabl site was more pollution than the other sites. The contents in water were within the limits allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1995). Highest pollutions were sites III, IV and V.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of four pesticides against the white fly, Bemisia tabaci, infesting squash plants during the two growing season, 2017 and 2018, under field conditions. Results showed that the reduction percentages of the white fly, B.tabaci populations on squash plant during season 2017 caused by Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and Beauveria bassiana were 86, 81.5, 72.25 and 86.66%, respectively, as mean residual effect. While, the initial reduction percentages for these pesticides were 98, 96, 93 and 0%, respectively. The general mean percentages of reduction caused by Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and B. bassiana were 92, 88.75, 82.63 and 90.33%, respectively. The efficiency of the tested pesticides on white fly could be arranged according to their percentages of reduction in infestation in the follows order: Lambda cyhalothrin > B. bassiana > Thiamethoxam > Azadirachtin, respectively. Results also showed that all the tested pesticides significantly decreased the number of the white fly, B. tabaci in an irregular way compared to the untreated control. Results also cleared that all the tested pesticides caused decrease in white fly populations till 11th day after treatment. The general mean numbers of the white fly, B. tabaci were 18.4, 27.6, 35.8 and 20 individuals/ sample for Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and B. bassiana, respectively, comparing with 211.6 individuals/sample in control group.

A total of 8 water samples were collected from beginning, middle and end of Belbais drain, which located at longitudes of N 30o 10’ 57.6” and E 31o 20’ 20.8” and latitudes of N 30o33’ 39.2” and E 31o36’ 10.3” and altitude around 11.6 m. relative to sea level, in order to assess the quality of its water and its suitability for agricultural irrigation. Samples were analysed for pH, EC and other parameters. pH was within the permissible limit. EC indicates C3 (high salinity). According to USDA (1954). The soluble sodium percent (SSP) ranged from 67.78% to 41.69%, i.e. moderate restriction in using this water. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) ranged from 6.74 to 8.44 and according to FAO (1985), water is of low sodium hazard. According to USDA (1954), water is of high salinity medium sodicity (C3S2). Permeability index values varied between 82.52 to 85.34% and based on Doneen diagram (1962), medicating class II i.e. no permeability or infiltration problems. Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) was < 1.25 mmolc L-1, i.e. safe for irrigation.

Efficiency of three insecticides, two oils and their mixtures belonging to differentgroups of chemicals, namely lambda-cyhalothrin (Lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5%), acetamprid (Mospilane20%), pymetrozine (Pymetrozine 25%), orange oil (Orange oil 98%) and mineral oil ( Mineral oil KZ95%) on faba bean plants against the leguminous aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch under field andlaboratory conditions was investigated. The LC50 and LC90 values were calculated after 24 hr. posttreatment.The obtained results showed that a wide range of toxicity of the tested pesticides, howeverthe insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin proved itself to be the highest toxic compound after 24hr.,recording LC50 0.098 ppm, on the other hand pymetrozine was the lowest one recording 90.53 ppm.Residual effects of insecticides and their mixtures on A. craccivora under field conditions in 2015season showed that mineral oil (77.08%), acetamprid + mineral oil ( 75.35%) and lambda-cyhalothrin+ mineral oil (53.87%), while in 2016 season, acetamprid + orange oil (27.12%) and lambdacyhalothrin+ orange oil (26.28%) recording the highest residual effects on A. craccivora. The residualeffect of lambda-cyhalothrin in faba bean plants and soil under the environmental conditions of Egyptwas studied. The tested insecticide was sprayed at recommended dose. The treated faba bean plantsand soil were randomly sampled after 2 hr., 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The tested samples were extracted,cleaned up and analyzed using gas chromatography. The recovery percentages were 75 and 90% in soiland leaves, respectively. The half life values were 0.1 and 0.2 day in leaves and soil samples,respectively.

The dosimetric characteristics of γ-radiation induced defects in strontium sulfate rod dosimeter are investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique focusing on the low dose range of 1–100 Gy. Significant EPR signals of spectroscopic splitting factor ( g ) 2.01075, 2.04225, 2.03166, 2.00774 and 1.9219086 are observed in the rod upon γ-irradiation. The intensity of the signals increases linearly with increasing absorbed doses up to 100 Gy. The EPR response of irradiated dosimeter exhibits good stability over three months of storage. In addition, the response during irradiation is independent on both relative humidity (from 0% to 65%) and temperature (from 10 °C to 35 °C). The prepared rods are nearly water equivalent in the range of 0.4–5 MeV and the overall uncertainty (2 σ ) of dose monitoring is approximately 4.26%.

Kerosene stoves are in widespread use for cooking and warming water in underprivileged areas in Cairo. These stoves are dangerous and lack safety measures; they are often a cause of fire incidents and burn injuries. During the period from May 1995 to December 1996 the number of patients who presented to the burn unit of Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt was 759, of whom 304 (40%) sustained the injury as a consequence of kerosene stove fires. Efforts to inform the public about the danger of these stoves are recommended to minimize the incidence, morbidity, mortality and cost of this relatively common and preventable type of injury.

Central collisions of 16O and 28Si nuclei with heavy (AgBr) nuclei in nuclear emulsion at 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon are selected and investigated under several selecting criteria. Central cross sections and average number of interacting protons from both projectile and target nuclei, multiplicity distributions of shower particles and dispersions are discussed in the framework of the Glauber model. The multiplicities of produced charged secondaries are studied according to the nucleon-nucleus superposition model. The multiplicity distributions and mean values of grey particles are also investigated via a parameter free model whose input information is the distribution of grey particles produced in proton induced reactions. It is shown that the selection criterion of central collisions based only on the small total charge of stripping particles is too weak. The selection criteria based on the high multiplicity of total secondary charged particles, the high degree of target destruction and the large number of interacting protons augmented by the small total charge of stripping particles provide satisfactory agreement with the theoretical calculations.

Within the experimental errors the interaction mean free paths of He-fragments produced by the collisions of 12 C , 22 Ne and 28 Si nuclei at 4.5 A GeV/c in nuclear emulsion have been found to be independent of the He-multiplicity and the distance from the interaction point. Evidence for the multiplicity scaling of He-fragments is reported. The pseudo-rapidities for the shower particles accompanying the emission of the different multiplicities of the projectile He-fragments are also investigated. Each of these distributions is found to be satisfactorily fitted by a single Gaussian distribution. The temperature of the system emitting the shower particles T is also calculated and found to be independent of both the projectile and the multiplicities of the He-fragment.

This paper presents the results of the analysis of clinical data from a series of 132 thermally injured patients with 214 burned hands. The objective was to identify the factors affecting the pathogenesis of postburn hand deformities. The study indicates that deep burns have the worst prognosis and that circumferential burns are always followed by secondary sequelae. The incidence of secondary hand deformity rises sharply when the burn affects more than 25 per cent of the total body surface area (TBSA). Given the same physical therapy programme, early tangential excision and immediate grafting yield better results than conservative treatment. The results underline the role of patient motivation in maximal hand rehabilitation.