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Introducción: La utilización de los recursos digitales modernos para la enseñanza constituye una estrategia para atender las nuevas necesidades de aprendizaje. En el ámbito de enfermería puede facilitar la inserción de los estudiantes en la práctica clínica en modo virtual para que desarrollen sus habilidades y competencias. Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias sobre la utilización de tecnologías en la enseñanza de enfermería. Métodos: Revisión integrativa realizada en el portal de revistas SciELO y en las bases de datos IBECS, LILACS, BDENF, Web of Science, PubMed y CINAHL. Resultados: Se realizó la identificación inicial de 62 artículos, se aplicaron los criterios de exclusión hasta el establecimiento de la muestra de 26 artículos. Después de la lectura y análisis de los estudios, se constató que las tecnologías son más utilizadas junto con las clases teóricas en las aulas, o como plataformas online de enseñanza, o también como herramientas auxiliares para la práctica de simulaciones realísticas. Discusión: El uso de internet fue predominante en los estudios, pues favorece la actualización, la comunicación y la cualificación académica. En cuanto a las plataformas digitales de enseñanza, el espacio virtual permite reunir e integrar diversos medios con finalidades diferentes posibilitando la creación de actividades variadas. Para la enseñanza a través de simulaciones se presentaron diversos beneficios de inmersión a un ambiente profesional desde la universidad. Conclusiones: El estudio presenta una visión general de las tecnologías educativas utilizadas para la enseñanza de enfermería y provee conocimiento de nuevas metodologías, lo que beneficia a profesores y estudiantes.

SUMMARY The forest sector directly and indirectly serves several industries and economic activities. In addition to this, forests also provide various environmental services at local and global scales. The demand and conservation of these services has been increasing more strongly in recent decades. A mechanism created to highlight “good forest management” and ensuring the sustainability of forests, is forest certification. The American continent has vast forest areas and a strong forest sector, with big consumers and producers, especially Brazil, Canada and the United States. However less than 5% of this area is certified. Thus, this study aimed to review how the different countries of the Americas carried out the process of forest certification by the FSC system and to discuss how external factors would have influenced these processes. As a result, we found that the establishment of certification was not homogenous among the American countries. It has grown faster in countries with large activities in t...

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus representa um grande problema na bovinocultura e o uso de acaricidas é a medida de controle profilático e terapêutico mais comum contra esses ectoparasitos. Os principais problemas relacionados com essa prática dizem respeito ao desenvolvimento de linhagens resistentes de carrapatos. Assim, objetivou-se determinar o efeito de extratos da casca de Anadenanthera macrocarpa sobre as larvas de R. (B.) microplus, obtidas de um pool de ovos, acondicionadas em tubo de polietileno. De acordo com os resultados, o extrato aquoso na concentração de 8,26mg.mL-1 causou 85% de mortalidade nas primeiras 12 horas. Quanto ao extrato etanólico, observou-se maior mortalidade nas concentrações 12,5; 6,25 e 1,56mg.mL-1, em torno de 84%, percentuais semelhantes ao amitraz. Os controles negativos não apresentaram mortalidade durante o experimento. Assim, tanto o extrato aquoso como o extrato etanólico apresentaram efeito larvicida, embora o extrato etanólico tenha sido mais eficiente para a espécie, podendo ser uma alternativa no controle desse ectoparasito. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus represents a major problem in cattle breeding and the use of acaricides is the most common prophylactic and therapeutic control measure against these ectoparasites. The main problems with this practice relate to the development of resistant strains of ticks. Thus, the objective was to determine the effect of bark extracts from Anadenanthera macrocarpa on the larvae of R.(B.) microplus, obtained from a pool of eggs packed in a polyethylene tube. According to the results, the aqueous extract at a concentration of 8.26mg.mL-1caused 85% mortality in the first 12 hours. As for the ethanolic extract, higher mortality of about 84%, a percentage similar to amitraz, was observed at concentrations of 12.5mg.mL-1, 6.25mg.mL-1 and 1.56mg.mL-1. The negative controls showed no mortality during the experiment. Thus, both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed larvicidal activity, although the ethanolic extract has been more efficient and could be an alternative to control this ectoparasite.

The present study investigated the effect of the 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamine-β-cyclodextrin(Am-β-CD)/DNA (Am-β-CD/DNA) complex, as well as of culture medium components and proteins, at pH 7.4 and 5.0, on membranes of anionic and pH-sensitive liposomes comprised of DOPE–CHEMS, using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD). At pH 7.4, the Am-β-CD/DNA complex induced the appearance of lamellar and hexagonal phases of DOPE. However, at pH 5.0, only non-lamellar phases could be observed. The presence of biological components led to a disruption of lipid order, but the pH-sensitivity of liposomes was maintained.

This paper reports the thermomechanical behavior of single crystalline tantalum (Ta) in the [1 0 0] and [1 1 0] orientations. Mechanical testing was carried out at low and high strain rates using a Kolsky bar together with the simultaneous recording of the specimen’s temperature by means of an infrared detector. The results show a marked difference in terms of flow curve and strain hardening between the two orientations, irrespective of the strain-rate. Similarly, the thermomechanical behavior, namely the efficiency of the thermomechanical conversion at high strain-rates (β_(int)), is observed to be different for each orientation. A comparison of the present results with those obtained for pure polycrystalline Ta (Rittel et al., 2007) reveals some similarity of flow curves with the [1 0 0] orientation. By contrast, the [1 1 0] orientation is observed to possess β_(int) characteristics that are similar to those of the polycrystalline material. These results are presented and discussed, thus completing the overall experimental characterization of this material in order to enable the simulation and validation of the dynamic behavior of polycrystalline Ta on the basis of its single-crystal characteristics.

In order to alleviate the shortage of human donors, the use of porcine islets of Langerhans for xenotransplantation in diabetic patients has been proposed as a solution. To overcome rejection, we have developed a procedure for protecting the islets by combining them with Sertoli cells and placing them in a novel subcutaneous device, that generates an autologous collagen covering. A type 1 diabetic woman was closely monitored for 10 months, and then transplanted in two devices with two months of difference and a third time after 22 months. Here we present a three-yr follow-up. The close monitoring induced a rapid decrease in exogenous insulin requirements, which stabilized between 19 and 28 IU/d for nine months. After transplantation, the requirements reduced further to below 6 IU/d and for some weeks she was insulin free. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased concomitantly. Porcine insulin could be detected in the serum after a glucose challenge and insulin positive cells inside a removed device after two yr. No complications have arisen and no porcine endogenous retrovirus infection has been detected through PCR and RT-PCR. This case demonstrates the feasibility of using the xenotransplantation of porcine cells to alleviate metabolic complications and insulin requirements in type 1 diabetic patients.

Several species within the genus Theobroma have particularly high economic value, including T. cacao and T. grandiflorum. Other species in this genus, such as T. speciosum and T. subincanum, have potential value for use in the conservation of genetic diversity in breeding programs. These latter species could also be domesticated or improved to produce commercial products. Using 13 simple sequence repeat loci, the population structure and genetic diversity of T. speciosum and T. subincanum natural populations in the Juruena National Park, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, was studied. We sampled all individuals of each species (N = 25) present inside a designated research area established by the Program for Research on Biodiversity. The average number of alleles per locus was 5 for T. speciosum and 6.69 for T. subincanum, with average PIC values above 0.5 in both species. All evaluated individuals varied genetically. Seeds from the individuals analyzed will be useful for the development of germplasm banks and for establishment of breeding programs.

Grape pomace is the solid residue left after juice extraction from grapes, and represents in Mediterra nean countries the most important by-product of the winemaking industry. Steam distillation of fer mented grape pomace will eventually produce a spirit, designated as bagaceira in Portugal, orujo in Spain and grappa in Italy. This paper comprehensively reviews fundamental and applied aspects of the manufacture of these spirits, encompassing their composition as well as metabolic reactions and microbial ecology that determine such composition during fermentation. These spirits adhere to maxi mum levels of methanol (potential toxic compound) and 2-butanol (potential flavor defect) fixed by EC regulations. Available studies pertaining to bagaceira, orujo and grappa have indicated that the final quality of these spirits depends strongly on the quality of the fresh grapes, the storage condi tions, and the distillation equipment and procedure employed.

The independent and combined effects of the addition of tartaric acid, the addition of pectinases, and the time of fermentation (and the material of the container) on the specific rates of death of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were experimentally evaluated through a full (or fractional) two-way factorial design for pomace fermentation from the Alvarinho (and the Loureiro) varieties. Microbes present in the pomace prior to fermentation were identified in a preliminary fashion. Knowledge of the behavior of the microflora in grape pomace as a function of each major processing parameter during the step of anaerobic fermentation is important in attempts to eventually standardize and optimize the manufacture of these distilled beverages.

This work presents a parallel object-oriented tabu search (TS) algorithm for static task scheduling. The scheduling problem and the TS method are separately modeled under an object-oriented approach. The TS parallelization follows a strategy based on multi-search threads and the algorithm is fully implemented using the Java language. Besides providing a new scheduling algorithm, this work contributes to demonstrate: the strength of object-orientation also in this field of applications; the adaptability of TS to asynchronous parallelization; the significance of diversification in TS algorithms; and the potential of the Java language in implementing highly portable object-oriented parallel software.

This poster presents the first truly non-intrusive structural concurrent test approach, with the objective of testing partially and dynamically reconfigurable SRAM-based FPGAs without disturbing their operation. This is accomplished by using a new methodology to carry out the replication of active Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs), i.e. CLBs that are part of an implemented function that is actually being used by the system, releasing it to be tested in a way that is completely transparent to the system.

Background: A major impediment to drug diagnosis and therapy of myocardial infarction is the limited access that drugs have to ischemic myocardium, dependent on regional myocardial blood flow. Investigators report that some liposomes concentrate in the experimental myocardial infarction, suggesting that they may be used to transport drugs to a region of ischemia. One of the most promising approaches for increasing liposome circulation time is coating them with polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Methodology: Unilamellar PEG-coated neutrally charged and positive non-PEG liposomes, both labelled with 99mTc, were produced. A rabbit myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was created in which a silk ligature was reversibly tied around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). After 90 minutes of ischemia LAD ligature was untied, 99mTc-liposomes were injected in the rabbit model, and we followed their distribution during the next 3 hours with gamma camera imaging (dynamic, static and spet acquisitions). 201Tl was simultaneously injected and we also followed its distribution/redistribution through the next 3 hours. After in vivo cyntigraphic study, the isolated heart was placed on the gamma camera so a static and a spet acquisition could be made. Tissue samples were obtained from the 3 myocardial regions (nonischemic, viable and infarcted) as well as from other organs of interest for biodistribution study following a standard scheme. Results/conclusions: A functional and reproductible rabbit myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was successfully created. Neutral PEG-coated liposomes have higher in vitro and in vivo stability than positive non-PEG. On in vivo images, 201TI redistribution areas which correspond to viable myocardium match the areas of higher 99mTc-liposome concentration either neutral-PEG and positive non-PEG. Biodistribution study confirmed important cardiac radioactivity with higher relative values in ischemic myocardium than in normal myocardium.

We investigate the reorientation of the magnetization of a thin ferromagnetic film subjected to a sinusoidal exchange field. We take the oscillatory exchange as a representation of the effect of the interface roughness in the equilibrium magnetic pattern of a thin ferromagnetic film on a two-sublattice antiferromagnetic substrate. We find that in the limit that the wavelength of the oscillatory exchange field is comparable to the domain wall width of the ferromagnet there is a 90 degrees reorientation of the magnetization to accommodate the interface frustration. For the case of an uniaxial ferromagnetic film the reorientation only occurs if the amplitude of the oscillatory exchange field is beyond a threshold value which depends on the degree of interface roughness and the uniaxial anisotropy energy of the ferromagnetic film. For ferromagnetic films with four-fold crystalline anisotropy the reorientation is always possible, even if the strength of the interface exchange field is rather small. In this case the reoriented uniform state does not cost any extra anisotropy or exchange energy and accommodates the frustration imposed by the fluctuation in the interface exchange energy.

Summary form only given. We study interface effects in the magnetic phases of a ferromagnetic film grown on a compensated antiferromagnetic substrate. We consider ferromagnetic films with either uniaxial or crystalline four-fold anisotropy. For uniaxial ferromagnetic films, we find that the frustration induced by the interface exchange leads to a reorientation of the magnetization only if the strength of the interface field is beyond a certain threshold value which is thickness dependent. For ferromagnetic films with four-fold crystalline anisotropy the reorientation of the magnetization occurs for any value the interface exchange field strength. For antiferromagnetic substrates with large uniaxial anisotropy field, the reorientation of the magnetization produces minor changes in the antiferromagnetic arrangement of the spins in each plane. The theoretical model is applied to Fe/FeF/sub 2/ and Fe/MnF/sub 2/ bilayers.