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The prediction of water quality from waste-rock stockpiles is an important aspect of mine planning and closure. These predictions are complex, and a well-documented mechanistic approach can provide greater confidence in the results. In this study, humidity-cell experiments (1-kg sample) conducted at 5° and 22°C were used to estimate the effluent water quality and release rates of oxidation products from small-scale (12 t) field-based lysimeters. A comparison between estimated total mass loadings from laboratory humidity cells and total mass loadings from field lysimeters at the Diavik diamond mine, Northwest Territories, Canada, was completed for a five-year period. Measured temperature, S content, and surface area values were used as the primary scaling variables in these estimates. The release rate of SO42− from humidity cells with varying S content (ranging from 0.02–0.18 wt % total S) were normalized to the surface area of sulfide (mol m–2 sulfide S–1 sec–1) from each humidity cell. The resulting variability in SO42− release rates for waste-rock types were within one order of magnitude. The release rates of SO42− from the humidity cells were used to estimate the release rates from waste rock in the field with an average of 0.053 wt % total S. The results suggest that the measured annual total mass loading in the field was within the range predicted from the normalized annual total mass loadings using the surface area of sulfide from the humidity cells, with some discrepancies. Variation in annual loading at the field scale, presumably due to variability in precipitation and flushing, resulted in year-to-year discrepancies. Predictions of Fe and Ni release rates did not capture the field lysimeter results well, likely as a result of variations in geochemical conditions between laboratory and field-scale experiments (i.e., pH, mineral solubility) and also physical and geochemical heterogeneity that is not fully captured in the material characterization at each scale. The results indicate that, at this scale, annual total mass loadings can be estimated using small-scale humidity cells with a mechanistic approach if a thorough characterization of the waste rock is completed to better refine the release rates.

The introduction of Ipilimumab (2011), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding to CTLA4, for the treatment of metastatic melanoma represents a turning point in the history of cancer therapy. This agent offers the possibility of long-term remission for a previously incurable and rapidly fatal disease. Furthermore, its novel mechanism of activating the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer is potentially applicable to all tumors. The initial breakthrough medicines are mAbs that antagonize cell surface protein–protein interactions. This chapter outlines the basic principles of immuno-oncology, provides examples of potential drug targets, and assesses the current status of immuno-oncology small molecule drug discovery efforts for these targets.

This paper describes a method for producing millicurie quantities of 4.48-h 85m Kr by neutron irradiation of natural krypton in the core of a nuclear reactor. The target gas was contained in a half-liter aluminum vessel residing in the reactor core. Irradiation at 1 megawatt for 1 h at a pressure of 40 psig (206 cm Hg) yielded a total 70 mCi of 85m Kr in a volume of 1660 cm 3 .

A Round Robin series of tests was run to estimate the precision of ASTM C518, when used to measure the k-factor of rigid urethane modified polyiso cyanurate foam boardstock. Data on different board thicknesses was gathered [well aged 1.0 inch (2.5 cm), 2.0 inch (5.0 cm), and 3.0 inch (7 5 cm) thick, foil/kraft faced laminate board] to represent the entire product range. Thus, information will be pre sented on the precision of ASTM C518 as a function of sample thickness, as well as the between-lab and within-lab variability

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a cytokine secreted principally by activated helper T cells of the T-helper-2 (Th2) subset. IL-5 is a short chain helical bundle cytokine structurally similar to IL-3, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The IL-5 gene is tightly linked with the IL-4 and IL-13 genes in a Th2 cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, and the expression of these genes is coordinately regulated. The biology of IL-5 has been best studied in the context of asthma in humans and allergic airway inflammation in mouse models. IL-5 directly mediates eosinophilic inflammation by stimulating the differentiation, proliferation, recruitment, survival, and activity of eosinophils. Eosinophils release granule proteins and leukotrienes that are hypothesized to contribute to airway hyperreactivity and epithelial damage in allergic asthma. However, recent studies indicate that the immunopathogenic role of IL-5 and eosinophils in asthma is not clear.

Canadian universities take advantage of infrastructure tuned to their interests in microelectronics and related disciplines, for example, design flows targeting 0.25-micron CMOS. A range of methodology and fabrication options is available and continues to evolve rapidly with considerable encouragement from industrial partners.

The distributed intelligent agents for logistics (DIAL) is an open systems architecture that allows existing models to interface and communicate in a distributed network environment. The design is based on a multi-agent framework where a customer's problem can be decomposed and assigned to one or more (as needed) intelligent agents which together generate a logistics plan. An agent is a piece of software code that acts upon receiving information from a source (a model) and reasons using its internal knowledge. Many existing models simulate the different logistics operations; however, the models do not interact with each other and are not affected by each other's results. Therefore, it is difficult to model and analyze the logistics process as a whole. One solution is for the models to act as nodes in a network that simulates the entire logistics process. A group of agents, or a multi-agent system, is best suited to solve such real world problems, with each agent representing a node of the graph. This paper describes a distributed intelligent agent architecture for logistics.

Both the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommend annual influenza vaccination for asthmatic children ages 6 months and older. The best way to notify parents of this requirement has not been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to assess the change in vaccination percentages by the addition of mail notification to routine provider verbal notification among a military pediatric asthmatic population. Asthmatic children 6 months through 18 years of age enrolled to Shaw Air Force Base Pediatric Clinic (mail notification, n = 114) and to Wilford Hall Medical Center Pediatric Clinic (verbal notification, n = 820) during the 2004-2005 influenza season were identified using the Military Health System database. The Air Force Complete Immunization Tracking Application database identified influenza-vaccinated patients. Percentages of vaccination compliance were compared using a two-tailed test. There was a significantly greater percentage of influe...