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103 results on '"M.I. Lopes"'

1. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and wound healing activity of Avicennia schaueriana in cream

Author

CAROLINE M.I. LOPES, LIRIANE BARATELLA-EVÊNCIO, IVONE A. DE SOUZA, ERWELLY B. DE OLIVEIRA, JÉSSICA G.A. SÁ, MARLLON A.N. SANTANA, PEDRO P. MARCELINO NETO, EDUARDA S. DE SANTANA, LUZIA A. DA SILVA, and JEYMESSON R.C. VIEIRA

Subjects
Avicennia schaueriana, in vitro techniques, re-epithelialization, Vero cells, wound healing, Science
Abstract

Abstract:Avicennia schaueriana is found in Brazilian mangrove coast. The cytotoxicity in vitro of the Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Avicennia schaueriana (AELAs) and the healing activity of the plant in cream on mice skin wounds were evaluated in this study. The cytotoxic evaluation was performed on Vero cells. The healing activity was evaluated on mice treated during 5, 10 and 15 days with cream at 5%, solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% and dexpanthenol in cream at 5%. The extract did not show cytotoxicity, but showed mitogenic activity (100μg/ml). In morphometric analysis, the percentage of wound contraction after 10 days was higher in dexpanthenol group (93.41%). In 15 days, the lowest percentage of contraction was observed in the dexpanthenol group (94.41%) and the highest in the AELAs cream group (98.50%). In histomorphometry the dexpanthenol showed the lowest length of re-epithelialization in 10 days. In 15 days, the AELAs cream group showed 100% of re-epithelialization. The number of fibroblasts found in AELAs cream group was higher than the saline solution in 10 days. In 15 days, AELAs cream group maintained a higher amount of fibroblasts when compared to the others. A. schaueriana did not show cytotoxicity. Furthermore, topical application of AELAs cream decreased the wound area, stimulated the re-epithelialization and increased the number of fibroblasts. The species A. schaueriana could become a topical treatment in tissue repair process.

Published
2019
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2. Constraints on effective field theory couplings using 311.2 days of LUX data

Author

A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, T. P. Biesiadzinski, M.I. Lopes, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, S. Alsum, M. Horn, P. A. Terman, A. Fan, J. T. White, P. Rossiter, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, S. J. Haselschwardt, R. Taylor, T. J. Whitis, A. Manalaysay, D. Byram, Antonin Vacheret, B. G. Lenardo, Q. Riffard, N. Swanson, P. Brás, K. T. Lesko, V. Velan, Ethan Bernard, A. Nilima, Matthew Szydagis, T. J. Sumner, S. Shaw, R. G. Jacobsen, K. Palladino, P. Sorensen, D. Khaitan, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, J. A. Morad, M. Solmaz, B. P. Tennyson, O. Jahangir, U. Utku, W. C. Taylor, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, E. Leason, J. Bang, H. N. Nelson, Henrique Araujo, W. Ji, L. Tvrznikova, V. A. Kudryavtsev, F. Neves, D. R. Tiedt, J. Balajthy, B. Boxer, C. M. Ignarra, A. Lindote, R. L. Mannino, S. A. Hertel, S. Fiorucci, Carl Gwilliam, T. A. Shutt, W. H. To, D. S. Akerib, E. Druszkiewicz, V. N. Solovov, C. R. Hall, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, D. Woodward, D. J. Taylor, Chao Zhang, D. P. Hogan, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Rhyne, N. Marangou, Elena Korolkova, J. Liao, G. R. C. Rischbieter, R. J. Gaitskell, Dongming Mei, F. L. H. Wolfs, E. M. Boulton, K. Kamdin, X. Xiang, J. Lin, Daniel McKinsey, A. Naylor, J. E. Cutter, D. Q. Huang, C. Ghag, Michael S. Witherell, Catarina Silva, C. Chan, A. Vaitkus, S. Kravitz, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, DARK-MATTER, Order (group theory), Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We report here the results of an Effective Field Theory (EFT) WIMP search analysis using LUX data. We build upon previous LUX analyses by extending the search window to include nuclear recoil energies up to $\sim$180 keV$_{nr}$, requiring a reassessment of data quality cuts and background models. In order to use a binned Profile Likelihood statistical framework, the development of new analysis techniques to account for higher-energy backgrounds was required. With a 3.14$\times10^4$ kg$\cdot$day exposure using data collected between 2014 and 2016, we set 90\% C.L. exclusion limits on non-relativistic EFT WIMP couplings to neutrons and protons, providing the most stringent constraints on a significant fraction of the possible EFT WIMP interactions. Additionally, we report world-leading exclusion limits on inelastic EFT WIMP-nucleon recoils., 19 Pages, 10 Figures, 4 Table

Published
2021

3. Discrimination of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils in two-phase xenon time projection chambers

Author

F. L. H. Wolfs, E. M. Boulton, T. A. Shutt, Ethan Bernard, P. Brás, Kareem Kazkaz, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. T. White, Henrique Araujo, L. Tvrznikova, C. R. Hall, S. Uvarov, X. Bai, E. Druszkiewicz, M. Horn, M. G. D. Gilchriese, Carl Gwilliam, D. J. Taylor, Daniel McKinsey, E. Leason, Q. Riffard, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. M. Ignarra, Catarina Silva, S. Alsum, A. Naylor, Robert A. Taylor, P. Rossiter, M. Moongweluwan, C. Chan, Chao Zhang, S. Kravitz, D. Q. Huang, T. J. Whitis, Elena Korolkova, B. G. Lenardo, J. A. Morad, G. R. C. Rischbieter, T. J. Sumner, K. T. Lesko, N. Marangou, S. Shaw, M. Solmaz, M. S. Witherell, O. Jahangir, P. A. Terman, Dongming Mei, D. R. Tiedt, Antonin Vacheret, D. S. Akerib, J. Lin, P. Sorensen, V. Velan, J. E. Cutter, A. St. J. Murphy, F. Neves, Adam Bernstein, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, M.I. Lopes, C. Ghag, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Liao, D. P. Hogan, A. Fan, K. J. Palladino, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, E. K. Pease, V. N. Solovov, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, R. L. Mannino, S. Fiorucci, W. H. To, D. Woodward, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, U. Utku, D. Byram, B. Boxer, Matthew Szydagis, S. A. Hertel, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, A. Manalaysay, A. Lindote, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, K. Kamdin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. N. Nelson, R. G. Jacobsen, W. Ji, A. Nilima, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Photon, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Massive particle, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy & Astrophysics, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Xenon, Particle and Plasma Physics, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Physics, Quantum Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Drift field, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Recoil energy, Nuclear & Particles Physics, chemistry, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

We present a comprehensive analysis of electronic recoil vs. nuclear recoil discrimination in liquid/gas xenon time projection chambers, using calibration data from the 2013 and 2014-16 runs of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment. We observe strong charge-to-light discrimination enhancement with increased event energy. For events with S1 = 120 detected photons, i.e. equivalent to a nuclear recoil energy of $\sim$100 keV, we observe an electronic recoil background acceptance of $, 29 pages, 33 figures; minor typos corrected, references updated

Published
2020

4. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author

Mikkel B. Johnson, B. Landerud, A. Biekert, B. N. Edwards, K. Hanzel, T. E. Tope, D. Curran, C. Chiller, J. Palmer, R. Leonard, P. Sutcliffe, E. D. Fraser, R. Bunker, J. So, A. A. Chiller, M. R. While, A. Dobi, D. Hamilton, M. G. D. van der Grinten, W. J. Wisniewski, J. Li, A. Fan, J.S. Saba, C. Lynch, Henrique Araujo, S. Luitz, J. Nesbit, M. Horn, C. D. Kocher, Catarina Silva, F. G. O’Neill, J. C. Davis, J. J. Silk, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Simon Fayer, M. Pangilinan, K. O’Sullivan, D. Lucero, Q. Xiao, D. Hemer, B. Boxer, J. M. Lyle, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, J. Genovesi, A. Vaitkus, M. Arthurs, V. B. Francis, S. Kravitz, X. Liu, H. J. Birch, R. Linehan, S. Walcott, C. H. Faham, T. J. Anderson, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, D. White, A. Kamaha, M. S. Witherell, R. Studley, K. Sundarnath, R. Liu, H. Oh, L. Korley, H. Flaecher, R. Conley, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, S. Stephenson, C. Pereira, C. R. Hall, R. Cabrita, B. Holbrook, B. G. Lenardo, P. Majewski, T.M. Stiegler, I. B. Peterson, A. Manalaysay, A. Monte, C. Ghag, H. Kraus, C. Loniewski, J. Makkinje, X. Xiang, Robert A. Taylor, M. N. Irving, S. Uvarov, Michael Schubnell, J. Heise, R. Coughlen, A. Lambert, F. Froborg, L. Oxborough, D.C. Malling, S. Greenwood, J. Yin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. J. Krebs, W. H. Lippincott, K. J. Palladino, R. E. Smith, V. A. Kudryavtsev, I. Olcina, C. M. Ignarra, A. Harrison, A. J. Bailey, Minfang Yeh, D. Bauer, W. Skulski, J. Keefner, O. Hitchcock, Ben Carlson, E. Leason, Benjamin Krikler, A. Cottle, E. Mizrachi, Michele Cascella, M. Khaleeq, M. Solmaz, T. J. Whitis, J. J. Wang, N. Angelides, S. Gokhale, K. Skarpaas, Daniel McKinsey, S. Dardin, S. Kyre, D. Santone, P. R. Scovell, T. Vietanen, S. Powell, Y. Wang, David Leonard, E. Morrison, N. Swanson, M. Sarychev, M. A. Olevitch, E. K. Pease, M. Elnimr, P. Brás, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, J. Migneault, Yeongduk Kim, W. Turner, S. D. Worm, Seth Hillbrand, T. Fruth, G. Gregerson, Wenzhao Wei, V. Kasey, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, A. Bhatti, D. Naim, Ethan Bernard, B. J. Mount, V. N. Solovov, C. Nedlik, K. Wilson, Elena Korolkova, G. R. C. Rischbieter, P. Ford, A. Stevens, D. J. Taylor, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, S. Aviles, W. T. Emmet, K. Stifter, B. Birrittella, J. T. White, S. J. Patton, D. Molash, M. Severson, T. A. Shutt, A. Richards, D Kodroff, J. Lin, Kareem Kazkaz, T. P. Biesiadzinski, David Colling, J. Liao, J. Mock, J. A. Morad, E. Holtom, J. E. Y. Dobson, Bjoern Penning, C. E. Dahl, A. Dushkin, A. Konovalov, D. J. Markley, G. W. Shutt, N. Parveen, M. G. D. Gilchriese, Yanwen Liu, C. Carels, Martin Breidenbach, Kathrin C. Walker, V.V. Sosnovtsev, A. Naylor, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, A. Pagac, J. J. Cherwinka, N. Decheine, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, Patrick Bauer, J.P. Rodrigues, S. Branson, T. J. R. Davison, B. Lopez Paredes, D. Pagenkopf, J. S. Campbell, M. Tan, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M.J. Barry, J. Belle, D. Yu. Akimov, M. Timalsina, S. Shaw, Alexander Bolozdynya, W. Ji, Sridhara Dasu, D. Q. Huang, J. Edwards, F. L. H. Wolfs, K. E. Boast, J. Busenitz, Ren-Jie Wang, S. Fiorucci, N. Stern, C. Rhyne, V. Bugaev, A. Laundrie, G. Rutherford, G. Pereira, E. H. Miller, W. W. Craddock, S. Alsum, J.P. da Cunha, Richard J. Smith, A. Cole, W. Wang, Julie Harrison, I. Khurana, M. Utes, R. J. Gaitskell, J. Kras, D. Khaitan, R. L. Mannino, J. D. Wolfs, H. Auyeung, L. de Viveiros, E. Voirin, E. M. Boulton, N. I. Chott, I. Stancu, L. Tvrznikova, Richard Rosero, P. MarrLaundrie, D. R. Tronstad, T. Benson, Dongming Mei, T. J. Sumner, O. Jahangir, J. Va’vra, Ross G. White, L. Sabarots, A. Currie, A. R. Smith, W. L. Waldron, J. P. Coleman, E. Lopez-Asamar, Wolfgang Lorenzon, A. Piepke, Carl Gwilliam, S. Hans, T. Harrington, Laura Manenti, A. Greenall, F.-T. Liao, G. Cox, J. R. Bensinger, V. M. Gehman, H. J. Rose, Christopher Brew, X. Bai, P. Sorensen, A. Arbuckle, Y. Qie, R. C. Webb, R.M. Gerhard, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, P. Rossiter, C. Hasselkus, W. G. Jones, J. Johnson, R. Gelfand, T. G. Gonda, C. O. Vuosalo, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, Chao Zhang, A. Nilima, R. M. Preece, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, B. P. Tennyson, Yue Meng, C. Maupin, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, J.Y-K. Hor, N. Marangou, D. Temples, Eli Gibson, M. Hoff, H. S. Lee, J. H. Buckley, Z. J. Minaker, M.I. Lopes, M. Koyuncu, P. A. Terman, J.R. Verbus, Bhawna Gomber, J. A. Nikkel, A. Alquahtani, I. M. Fogarty Florang, D. Seymour, A. V. Kumpan, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, M.R. Stark, S. Pierson, M. Racine, D. R. Tiedt, D. S. Akerib, A. Khazov, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, A.V. Khromov, A. C. Kaboth, V. M. Palmaccio, Duncan Carlsmith, K. Pushkin, S. A. Hertel, S. N. Jeffery, E. Druszkiewicz, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, R. Bramante, B. N. Ratcliff, M. E. Monzani, J. O'Dell, P. Zarzhitsky, L. Wang, P. Johnson, Matthew Szydagis, W. H. To, J. E. Armstrong, U. Utku, Mani Tripathi, D. Woodward, D. Garcia, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Ian S. Young, J. McLaughlin, J. Thomson, S. R. Eriksen, R. Rucinski, T.J. Martin, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, Juhyeong Lee, S. Balashov, C. T. McConnell, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, W. T. Kim, S. Weatherly, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
BACKGROUNDS, Particle physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Gamma spectroscopy, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, 0206 Quantum Physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, IMPURITIES, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Content (measure theory), lcsh:QC770-798, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Abstract

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c$^{2}$ and a 1000 d exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented., Comment: 45 pages (79 inc. tables), 7 figures, 9 tables

Published
2020

5. Search for two neutrino double electron capture of 124Xe and 126Xe in the full exposure of the LUX detector

Author

E. M. Boulton, A. Naylor, L. Tvrznikova, P. Brás, T. J. Sumner, A. Manalaysay, A. Lindote, J. A. Morad, Jilei Xu, R. L. Mannino, D. Q. Huang, C. Nehrkorn, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Carl Gwilliam, Ethan Bernard, Catarina Silva, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, K. Kamdin, Chao Zhang, J. Liao, W. H. To, D. R. Tiedt, S. Uvarov, D. Woodward, A. Fan, Henrique Araujo, J. Lin, D. M. Mei, S. J. Haselschwardt, N. Marangou, Q. Riffard, D. S. Akerib, V. A. Kudryavtsev, Sergey Burdin, D. J. Taylor, T. A. Shutt, C. Rhyne, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, M. Horn, A. Baxter, R. J. Gaitskell, C. Chan, S. Kravitz, C. R. Hall, C. M. Ignarra, K. J. Palladino, U. Utku, D. Byram, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Mani Tripathi, M.I. Lopes, Elena Korolkova, M. G. D. Gilchriese, B. G. Lenardo, E. K. Pease, H. N. Nelson, S. Fiorucci, B. Boxer, L. de Viveiros, V. N. Solovov, Daniel McKinsey, S. Alsum, M. Moongweluwan, F. L. H. Wolfs, P. Sorensen, M. Solmaz, M. F. Marzioni, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, R. C. Webb, C. Ghag, J. T. White, D. P. Hogan, D. Khaitan, B. P. Tennyson, P. Rossiter, Matthew Szydagis, Robert A. Taylor, F. Neves, J. E. Cutter, T. J. Whitis, P. A. Terman, Antonin Vacheret, S. Shaw, M. S. Witherell, O. Jahangir, X. Bai, K. T. Lesko, E. Leason, R. G. Jacobsen, Kareem Kazkaz, T. P. Biesiadzinski, W. Ji, A. Nilima, V. Velan, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
COLLISIONS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Electron capture, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, nucl-ex, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics, Particles & Fields, HEAVY-IONS, LIMITS, Particle and Plasma Physics, rare decays, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), xenon detectors, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Physics, Science & Technology, dark matter detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 3. Good health, Physics, Nuclear, double electron capture, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Neutrino
Abstract

Two-neutrino double electron capture is a process allowed in the Standard Model of Particle Physics. This rare decay has been observed in $^{78}$Kr, $^{130}$Ba and more recently in $^{124}$Xe. In this publication we report on the search for this process in $^{124}$Xe and $^{126}$Xe using the full exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment, in a total of of 27769.5~kg-days. No evidence of a signal was observed, allowing us to set 90\% C.L. lower limits for the half-lives of these decays of $2.0\times10^{21}$~years for $^{124}$Xe and $1.9\times10^{21}$~years for $^{126}$Xe., 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2020

6. Projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment to the 0νββ decay of Xe136

Author

Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, David Leonard, X. Bai, J. Johnson, X. Liu, J. Busenitz, P. Brás, C. Rhyne, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, R. Linehan, Eli Gibson, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, R. C. Webb, A. Baxter, L. de Viveiros, A. Alqahtani, A. Monte, C. Ghag, N. Angelides, P. Sorensen, S. Gokhale, S. Shaw, Catarina Silva, J. Palmer, B. Lopez Paredes, T. J. Sumner, N. Marangou, A. Manalaysay, K. E. Boast, O. Jahangir, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, M. E. Monzani, Yue Meng, D. Naim, I. Stancu, J. Liao, J. J. Wang, K. O’Sullivan, V. Bugaev, N. I. Chott, A. Khazov, P. Zarzhitsky, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, Matthew Szydagis, J. Lin, H. N. Nelson, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Ross G. White, J.J. Silk, J. R. Bensinger, E. Leason, Benjamin Krikler, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, Laura Manenti, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. Carels, E. Mizrachi, C. Chan, Henrique Araujo, J. A. Morad, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, F.-T. Liao, A. Vaitkus, S. Kravitz, W. C. Taylor, P. Rossiter, H. J. Birch, D. Khaitan, K. Stifter, A. Kamaha, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, D. Seymour, W. Turner, U. Utku, E. D. Fraser, Mani Tripathi, K. T. Lesko, C. Nedlik, A. Biekert, J. Balajthy, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Fiorucci, A. C. Kaboth, J. McLaughlin, C. M. Ignarra, C. R. Hall, F. L. H. Wolfs, R. Cabrita, Kareem Kazkaz, G. Rutherford, D. R. Tiedt, A. Harrison, M. Horn, J. Li, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. D. Kocher, M. G. D. van der Grinten, K. J. Palladino, M. F. Marzioni, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, J. Kras, Michele Cascella, Carl W. Akerlof, H. Kraus, C. E. Dahl, T. Fruth, T. J. Anderson, A. Lindote, J. M. Lyle, Jilei Xu, B. Boxer, C. Nehrkorn, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, A. Tomás, E. K. Pease, Juhyeong Lee, Michael Schubnell, D. S. Akerib, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, S. Balashov, Ethan Bernard, P. Majewski, W. H. Lippincott, V. N. Solovov, X. Xiang, Daniel McKinsey, N. Parveen, Minfang Yeh, A. St. J. Murphy, M. Solmaz, Adam Bernstein, Robert A. Taylor, E. Morrison, D. Woodward, A. Naylor, T. J. Whitis, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Q. Huang, M.I. Lopes, N. Swanson, W. Wang, P. A. Terman, S. R. Eriksen, R. L. Mannino, Antonin Vacheret, M. Arthurs, S. Luitz, G. Pereira, Richard J. Smith, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, J. E. Armstrong, J. H. Buckley, J. Genovesi, M. Tan, E. H. Miller, A. Cottle, I. Olcina, A. Bhatti, S. A. Hertel, C. Loniewski, Elena Korolkova, A. Stevens, G. R. C. Rischbieter, F. Neves, Bjoern Penning, M. Timalsina, L. Tvrznikova, Henning Flaecher, S. Alsum, I. Khurana, J. Y.K. Hor, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, W. Ji, A. Fan, Duncan Carlsmith, D. Santone, A. Nilima, and R. Liu

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Active volume, 0103 physical sciences, Analytical chemistry, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract

Author(s): Akerib, DS; Akerlof, CW; Alqahtani, A; Alsum, SK; Anderson, TJ; Angelides, N; Araujo, HM; Armstrong, JE; Arthurs, M; Bai, X; Balajthy, J; Balashov, S; Bang, J; Baxter, A; Bensinger, J; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Bhatti, A; Biekert, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Birch, HJ; Boast, KE; Boxer, B; Bras, P; Buckley, JH; Bugaev, VV; Burdin, S; Busenitz, JK; Cabrita, R; Carels, C; Carlsmith, DL; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Cascella, M; Chan, C; Chott, NI; Cole, A; Cottle, A; Cutter, JE; Dahl, CE; De Viveiros, L; Dobson, JEY; Druszkiewicz, E; Edberg, TK; Eriksen, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Flaecher, H; Fraser, ED; Fruth, T; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gibson, E; Gilchriese, MGD; Gokhale, S; Van Der Grinten, MGD; Hall, CR; Harrison, A; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hor, JYK; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jahangir, O; Ji, W; Johnson, J; Kaboth, AC; Kamaha, AC; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Khazov, A; Khurana, I; Kocher, CD; Korley, L; Korolkova, EV; Kras, J; Kraus, H; Kravitz, S; Kreczko, L; Krikler, B; Kudryavtsev, VA; Leason, EA; Lee, J | Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will enable a neutrinoless double β decay search in parallel to the main science goal of discovering dark matter particle interactions. We report the expected LZ sensitivity to Xe136 neutrinoless double β decay, taking advantage of the significant (g600 kg) Xe136 mass contained within the active volume of LZ without isotopic enrichment. After 1000 live-days, the median exclusion sensitivity to the half-life of Xe136 is projected to be 1.06×1026 years (90% confidence level), similar to existing constraints. We also report the expected sensitivity of a possible subsequent dedicated exposure using 90% enrichment with Xe136 at 1.06×1027 years.

Published
2020

7. Investigation of background electron emission in the LUX detector

Author

D. J. Taylor, M. G. D. Gilchriese, V. Velan, U. Utku, A. Manalaysay, A. Fan, S. Shaw, L. Tvrznikova, P. A. Terman, T. J. Sumner, J. T. White, Ethan Bernard, H. N. Nelson, W. H. To, D. Woodward, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, B. G. Lenardo, M. S. Witherell, O. Jahangir, P. Brás, Robert A. Taylor, Q. Riffard, Carl Gwilliam, Daniel McKinsey, R. G. Jacobsen, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, T. J. Whitis, M. Solmaz, X. Bai, D. Khaitan, S. Alsum, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, S. A. Hertel, W. Ji, K. Kamdin, E. Druszkiewicz, M. Moongweluwan, Antonin Vacheret, F. L. H. Wolfs, P. Rossiter, K. J. Palladino, E. M. Boulton, R. L. Mannino, Elena Korolkova, G. R. C. Rischbieter, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Byram, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Lin, D. R. Tiedt, Henrique Araujo, E. K. Pease, D. P. Hogan, B. Boxer, K. T. Lesko, V. N. Solovov, E. Leason, C. R. Hall, Matthew Szydagis, D. S. Akerib, S. Uvarov, R. C. Webb, M. Horn, L. de Viveiros, A. St. J. Murphy, P. Sorensen, Adam Bernstein, B. P. Tennyson, A. Naylor, M.I. Lopes, D. Q. Huang, Kareem Kazkaz, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. M. Ignarra, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. Liao, Sergey Burdin, C. Rhyne, A. Baxter, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Lindote, S. Fiorucci, J. E. Cutter, Chao Zhang, C. Ghag, N. Marangou, F. Neves, Dongming Mei, Catarina Silva, C. Chan, S. Kravitz, A. Nilima, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Photoionization, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, ENERGY, XENON, Particle and Plasma Physics, Xenon, DEPENDENCE, Impurity, LIQUID ARGON, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, FIELD, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, Quantum Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Photoelectric effect, Nuclear & Particles Physics, STATE, KRYPTON, chemistry, Physical Sciences, Atomic physics, Luminescence, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

Dual-phase xenon detectors, as currently used in direct detection dark matter experiments, have observed elevated rates of background electron events in the low energy region. While this background negatively impacts detector performance in various ways, its origins have only been partially studied. In this paper we report a systematic investigation of the electron pathologies observed in the LUX dark matter experiment. We characterize different electron populations based on their emission intensities and their correlations with preceding energy depositions in the detector. By studying the background under different experimental conditions, we identified the leading emission mechanisms, including photoionization and the photoelectric effect induced by the xenon luminescence, delayed emission of electrons trapped under the liquid surface, capture and release of drifting electrons by impurities, and grid electron emission. We discuss how these backgrounds can be mitigated in LUX and future xenon-based dark matter experiments., 17 pages, 13 figures

Published
2020

8. Measurement of the Gamma Ray Background in the Davis Cavern at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author

A. Biekert, V. A. Kudryavtsev, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. M. Ignarra, Henrique Araujo, D. Seymour, E. Leason, B. Boxer, A. Naylor, J. McLaughlin, J. Y.K. Hor, A. Murphy, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, C. R. Hall, G. Pereira, M. Horn, C. D. Kocher, K. Pushkin, X. Bai, J. Johnson, D. Q. Huang, H. Kraus, C. Carels, X. Liu, J. M. Lyle, T. K. Edberg, A. Lindote, T. Fruth, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Q. Riffard, L. Kreczko, D. Woodward, M. F. Marzioni, T.M. Stiegler, Juhyeong Lee, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Cottle, A. Tomás, S. Balashov, W.T. Kim, F. Neves, K. E. Boast, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, Murdock Gilchriese, David Leonard, Robert A. Taylor, Catarina Silva, C. E. Dahl, M. E. Monzani, A. Angelides, D. Temples, P. Brás, M. Solmaz, A. Manalaysay, D. Khaitan, P. Majewski, E. Morrison, T. J. Whitis, Matthew Szydagis, J. Genovesi, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, Benjamin Krikler, A. Fan, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, J. E. Armstrong, A. Stevens, Ethan Bernard, Bjoern Penning, Michael Schubnell, J. H. Buckley, Ross G. White, I. Stancu, L. Tvrznikova, P.R. Scovell, Daniel McKinsey, W. Ji, K. J. Palladino, I. Olcina, J. A. Morad, H. N. Nelson, N. Marangou, J. A. Nikoleyczik, R. L. Mannino, Michele Cascella, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, C. Nedlik, C. Ghag, P. Rossiter, C. Chan, M.I. Lopes, E. K. Pease, V. Bugaev, S. Kravitz, V. N. Solovov, S. Gokhale, S. Alsum, Julie Harrison, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, J. R. Watson, C. Levy, E. H. Miller, F.-T. Liao, S. Luitz, J. Lin, J. Yin, A. Piepke, S. Hans, J. Liao, S. J. Haselschwardt, F. L. H. Wolfs, A. Nilima, S. Uvarov, G. Rutherford, D. R. Tiedt, J. Kras, R. Linehan, Laura Manenti, K. T. Lesko, D. Naim, B. J. Mount, D. S. Akerib, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Wang, J. E. Y. Dobson, L.D. Viveiros, C. Loniewski, S. Shaw, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Elena Korolkova, H. Flaecher, M. Timalsina, O. Jahangir, P. Sorensen, Yue Meng, W.H. Lippincott, A. Cole, K. Stifter, S. Fiorucci, P. A. Terman, R. Liu, Richard Rosero, R. C. Webb, Antonin Vacheret, M. Arthurs, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, A. C. Kaboth, B.L. Paredes, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, G.R.C. Rischbieter, C. Nehrkorn, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, U. Utku, Mani Tripathi, J. Li, Carl W. Akerlof, Duncan Carlsmith, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Lead shielding, Xenon, Gamma spectroscopy, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 010306 general physics, Underground, physics.ins-det, Low background, Physics, Science & Technology, Radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Gamma rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, chemistry, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Decay chain
Abstract

Deep underground environments are ideal for low background searches due to the attenuation of cosmic rays by passage through the earth. However, they are affected by backgrounds from $\gamma$-rays emitted by $^{40}$K and the $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th decay chains in the surrounding rock. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a liquid xenon TPC located within the Davis campus at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota, at the 4,850-foot level. In order to characterise the cavern background, in-situ $\gamma$-ray measurements were taken with a sodium iodide detector in various locations and with lead shielding. The integral count rates (0--3300~keV) varied from 596~Hz to 1355~Hz for unshielded measurements, corresponding to a total flux in the cavern of $1.9\pm0.4$~$\gamma~$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The resulting activity in the walls of the cavern can be characterised as $220\pm60$~Bq/kg of $^{40}$K, $29\pm15$~Bq/kg of $^{238}$U, and $13\pm3$~Bq/kg of $^{232}$Th., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

Published
2020

9. Simulations of Events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment

Author

T. Fruth, D. Seymour, J. Lin, W. Ji, J. McLaughlin, J. Palmer, L. Tvrznikova, M. Tan, P. R. Scovell, J. Genovesi, Ethan Bernard, E. H. Miller, F. L. H. Wolfs, G. Rutherford, V. Bugaev, J. Kras, D. Woodward, B. Lopez Paredes, M. Solmaz, E. Morrison, A. Biekert, I. Stancu, A. Lindote, K. E. Boast, A. Fan, Kareem Kazkaz, Juhyeong Lee, I. Olcina, A. Bhatti, A. Alqahtani, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Balashov, D. Santone, C. Carels, A. Piepke, Ross G. White, A. Cottle, M. E. Monzani, F.-T. Liao, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. Loniewski, J. Y.K. Hor, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, M. G. D. van der Grinten, N. I. Chott, P. Zarzhitsky, Matthew Szydagis, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, K. J. Palladino, P. Rossiter, Elena Korolkova, Laura Manenti, G. R. C. Rischbieter, A. Baxter, D. R. Tiedt, C. E. Dahl, B. Boxer, T. K. Edberg, S. A. Hertel, Q. Riffard, U. Utku, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, G. Pereira, Richard J. Smith, Michele Cascella, David Leonard, E. Druszkiewicz, D. S. Akerib, Mani Tripathi, A. Nilima, Simon Fayer, M. Timalsina, E. K. Pease, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, N. Angelides, P. Majewski, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, T. J. Anderson, N. Marangou, J. Busenitz, W. H. Lippincott, Michael Schubnell, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, C. Rhyne, J. E. Armstrong, V. N. Solovov, A. Manalaysay, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, A. Naylor, D. Naim, S. Shaw, J. Li, S. Luitz, S. Gokhale, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, J. H. Buckley, L. Korley, N. Parveen, K. Kamdin, R. Linehan, Minfang Yeh, W. C. Taylor, D. Q. Huang, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, Catarina Silva, Carl W. Akerlof, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, H. J. Birch, J. Balajthy, M.I. Lopes, O. Jahangir, A. Monte, Daniel McKinsey, A. C. Kaboth, J. E. Y. Dobson, X. Xiang, A. Richards, C. Ghag, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. Chan, A. Vaitkus, S. Kravitz, D. Khaitan, J. J. Wang, C. M. Ignarra, P. A. Terman, D. Bauer, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, A. Harrison, R. L. Mannino, Antonin Vacheret, S. J. Haselschwardt, M. Arthurs, F. Neves, W. Wang, E. D. Fraser, P. Sorensen, E. Leason, T. J. Sumner, P. Brás, Henning Flaecher, Benjamin Krikler, K. T. Lesko, Yue Meng, T. J. Whitis, X. Bai, E. Mizrachi, J. Johnson, S. R. Eriksen, Duncan Carlsmith, Wolfgang Lorenzon, X. Liu, N. Swanson, J. R. Bensinger, Eli Gibson, A. Kamaha, H. N. Nelson, W. Turner, C. Nedlik, Henrique Araujo, C. R. Hall, R. Cabrita, H. Kraus, R. Liu, Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, K. Stifter, S. Fiorucci, J. Liao, J. A. Morad, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, M. Horn, C. D. Kocher, J. M. Lyle, Robert A. Taylor, S. Alsum, I. Khurana, A. Stevens, and Bjoern Penning

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Projection (set theory), physics.ins-det, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Event (particle physics), Background radiation
Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1--2)$\times10^{-12}$\,pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/$c^2$. This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data., Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures; Corresponding Authors: A. Cottle, V. Kudryavtsev, D. Woodward

Published
2020
Full Text
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10. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author

P. Sorensen, J. C. Davis, J. J. Silk, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, E. Holtom, T. J. Anderson, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, V.V. Sosnovtsev, J. J. Cherwinka, V. B. Francis, A. Naylor, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, P. Beltrame, X. Xiang, A. Manalaysay, P. R. Scovell, D. Q. Huang, Ethan Bernard, B. P. Tennyson, Yue Meng, I. B. Peterson, A. Cottle, A. Biekert, A. Kamaha, M. S. Witherell, R. Studley, M. E. Monzani, J. S. Campbell, Alexander Bolozdynya, C. Chiller, M. G. D. van der Grinten, Matthew Szydagis, C. O. Vuosalo, M. Tan, E. H. Miller, V. Bugaev, B. Boxer, R. Coughlen, J. Liao, I. Stancu, L. de Viveiros, P. MarrLaundrie, A. Lambert, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Michael Schubnell, A. Piepke, S. Greenwood, J. P. Coleman, A. Geffre, D. Bauer, G. W. Shutt, W. H. Lippincott, Y. Qie, Dongming Mei, L. Sabarots, S. Hans, Bhawna Gomber, W. Skulski, J. A. Nikkel, S. A. Hertel, A. Arbuckle, F.-T. Liao, S. R. Eriksen, Daniel McKinsey, E. Druszkiewicz, Jilei Xu, P. Sutcliffe, H. J. Rose, C. Nehrkorn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, B. Landerud, Martin Breidenbach, D. Molash, Candace Lynch, W. G. Jones, M. A. Olevitch, Ian S. Young, M. Sarychev, B. N. Edwards, A. Pagac, L. Tvrznikova, P. Ford, S. Luitz, T. J. R. Davison, D. Pagenkopf, P. Majewski, G. Gregerson, Chao Zhang, Mary Severson, A. Currie, Ross G. White, Carl Gwilliam, S. J. Patton, A. J. Bailey, David Colling, Minfang Yeh, K. Wilson, P. Rossiter, S. Alsum, G. Pereira, V. M. Gehman, A. Dushkin, I. Khurana, Richard J. Smith, Benjamin Krikler, N. Marangou, John Heise, C. Loniewski, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, D. Yu. Akimov, E. Mizrachi, C. Levy, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, X. Bai, J. Johnson, J. O'Dell, W. T. Kim, S. Weatherly, L. Wang, P. Johnson, Elena Korolkova, S. Pierson, W. T. Emmet, K. Stifter, B. Birrittella, T. Tope, A. Richards, Yufeng Wang, Ren-Jie Wang, J. Genovesi, C. Maupin, Kathrin C. Walker, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Eli Gibson, Yeongduk Kim, W. Turner, S. D. Worm, E. M. Boulton, G. Rutherford, S. Kyre, J. Mock, Seth Hillbrand, D. White, Q. Xiao, Sridhara Dasu, R. Leonard, J. Y.K. Hor, B. Holbrook, C. Nedlik, S. Fiorucci, J. Keefner, J. Kras, J. Yin, F. Froborg, F. Neves, D. Khaitan, S. J. Haselschwardt, L. Oxborough, D.S. Hamilton, O. Hitchcock, J.P. da Cunha, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, I. Olcina, David Leonard, A. Bhatti, U. Utku, W. J. Wisniewski, S. Powell, M. Pangilinan, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Barthel, D. Naim, D. Hemer, M. Timalsina, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, S. Shaw, J. A. Morad, N. Swanson, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Nesbit, W.L. Waldron, J. E. Y. Dobson, J. Busenitz, C. R. Hall, N. Stern, C. Rhyne, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, O. Jahangir, B. G. Lenardo, D. Temples, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, A. Vaitkus, D. Garcia, S. Kravitz, T. G. Gonda, M. Elnimr, K. Pushkin, M. Horn, Kareem Kazkaz, H. Kraus, J. Li, C. H. Faham, T.M. Stiegler, A. Monte, C. D. Kocher, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. Ghag, J. E. Armstrong, H. S. Lee, W. R. Edwards, K. J. Palladino, T. Benson, J. H. Buckley, Z. J. Minaker, Carl W. Akerlof, R. Bunker, M. Solmaz, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, J. M. Lyle, C. E. Dahl, E. Morrison, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, H.J. Krebs, J. So, S. Branson, Peter Bauer, H. Auyeung, D. Seymour, Michele Cascella, A. A. Chiller, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, R. Liu, M. Khaleeq, N. Decheine, M. N. Irving, Yunpeng Liu, S. Uvarov, J. McLaughlin, A. R. Smith, S. Dardin, J. Thomson, K. Sundarnath, Robert A. Taylor, Ben Carlson, T. Harrington, C. T. McConnell, E. K. Pease, A. Greenall, T. J. Whitis, M. F. Marzioni, C. Silva, V. Kasey, D. Rynders, R. C. Webb, J. Palmer, P. Brás, V. N. Solovov, T.J. Martin, R. Conley, P. A. Terman, A. Tomás, B. Lopez Paredes, K. E. Boast, J. T. White, D. Markley, A. Konovalov, A. Lindote, A. Alquahtani, L. Reichhart, D.C. Malling, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, E. Leason, Juhyeong Lee, D. Curran, Henning Flaecher, S. Balashov, A.V. Khromov, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Migneault, A. V. Kumpan, Simon Fayer, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, R. Linehan, M. Arthurs, S. Stephenson, V. M. Palmaccio, N. I. Chott, M.R. Stark, Duncan Carlsmith, Wenzhao Wei, M. Utes, Laura Manenti, A. Stevens, D. J. Taylor, R. E. Smith, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Walcott, C. M. Ignarra, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, M. Racine, A. Fan, Bjoern Penning, J. Va’vra, A. Harrison, H. Oh, J. Makkinje, W. Ji, R. Rucinski, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, D. Santone, E. Voirin, R.M. Gerhard, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, X. Liu, R. Gelfand, T. Vietanen, A. Nilima, R. M. Preece, A. Laundrie, Mikkel B. Johnson, K. Hanzel, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, M.J. Barry, K. O’Sullivan, D. Lucero, A. C. Kaboth, R. L. Mannino, J. D. Wolfs, J. Lin, C. Pereira, N. Angelides, S. Gokhale, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, I. M. Fogarty Florang, J. Edwards, S. N. Jeffery, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, R. Bramante, T. Fruth, T. J. Sumner, W. H. To, Wolfgang Lorenzon, J. R. Bensinger, J. J. Wang, D. Woodward, C. Hasselkus, K. Skarpaas, D. R. Tiedt, D. S. Akerib, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 0299 Other Physical Sciences, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, LEAD, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Low energy, Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Science & Technology, Underground, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Physics, Dark matter detector, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Neutron capture, Physics, Nuclear, chemistry, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Liquid xenon, EMISSION, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2019

11. Results of a Search for Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using 2013 LUX Data

Author

D. P. Hogan, M. G. D. Gilchriese, K. T. Lesko, Henrique Araujo, Sergey Burdin, C. Ghag, Q. Riffard, L. Tvrznikova, J. Lin, C. R. Hall, A. Naylor, S. Alsum, S. J. Haselschwardt, T. J. R. Davison, S. Shaw, Matthew Szydagis, P. A. Terman, D. Q. Huang, Carl Gwilliam, M. Moongweluwan, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, M. S. Witherell, O. Jahangir, Daniel McKinsey, D. Byram, S. Uvarov, X. Bai, C. Chan, S. Kravitz, H. N. Nelson, M. Horn, R. G. Jacobsen, F. Neves, J. E. Cutter, V. Velan, A. Fan, Kareem Kazkaz, A. Manalaysay, T. P. Biesiadzinski, W. Ji, B. Boxer, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, P. Sorensen, P. Brás, T. J. Whitis, K. J. Palladino, K. Kamdin, Ethan Bernard, F.L.H. Wolfs, P. Beltrame, Dongming Mei, D. J. Taylor, B. P. Tennyson, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, U. Utku, C. Rhyne, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, R. L. Mannino, Elena Korolkova, R. J. Gaitskell, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M. F. Marzioni, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Chao Zhang, D. Khaitan, S. R. Fallon, N. Marangou, V. A. Kudryavtsev, D. R. Tiedt, J. T. White, C. M. Ignarra, D. S. Akerib, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, W. H. To, A. Lindote, D. Woodward, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, W. C. Taylor, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, J. Balajthy, J. Liao, Mani Tripathi, R. C. Webb, S. Fiorucci, P. Rossiter, B. G. Lenardo, M. Solmaz, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and The Royal Society

Subjects
General Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 09 Engineering, High Energy Physics - Experiment, LUX Collaboration, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Recoil, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, 01 Mathematical Sciences, Physics, Scintillation, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, hep-ex, Scattering, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Physical Sciences, Scintillation counter, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The scattering of dark matter (DM) particles with sub-GeV masses off nuclei is difficult to detect using liquid xenon-based DM search instruments because the energy transfer during nuclear recoils is smaller than the typical detector threshold. However, the tree-level DM-nucleus scattering diagram can be accompanied by simultaneous emission of a Bremsstrahlung photon or a so-called "Migdal" electron. These provide an electron recoil component to the experimental signature at higher energies than the corresponding nuclear recoil. The presence of this signature allows liquid xenon detectors to use both the scintillation and the ionization signals in the analysis where the nuclear recoil signal would not be otherwise visible. We report constraints on spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering for DM particles with masses of 0.4-5 GeV/c$^2$ using 1.4$\times10^4$ kg$\cdot$day of search exposure from the 2013 data from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment for four different classes of mediators. This analysis extends the reach of liquid xenon-based DM search instruments to lower DM masses than has been achieved previously.

Published
2019

12. LUX trigger efficiency

Author

A. Manalaysay, T. A. Shutt, D. Khaitan, A. Lindote, Daniel McKinsey, S. R. Fallon, J.R. Verbus, Ethan Bernard, F. L. H. Wolfs, Kareem Kazkaz, Henrique Araujo, U. Utku, T. P. Biesiadzinski, P. Sorensen, Mani Tripathi, S. A. Hertel, C. R. Hall, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, G. R. C. Rischbieter, B. P. Tennyson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, K. J. Palladino, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. H. To, E. K. Pease, L. Tvrznikova, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, J. T. White, D. Woodward, V. N. Solovov, D. Byram, P. Rossiter, V. Velan, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, P. A. Terman, J. A. Morad, Carl Gwilliam, K. T. Lesko, D. P. Hogan, Matthew Szydagis, H. N. Nelson, S. Shaw, B. G. Lenardo, B. Boxer, M. S. Witherell, S. Fiorucci, W. C. Taylor, Elena Korolkova, M. Solmaz, A. Fan, J. Balajthy, D. S. Akerib, D. Q. Huang, T. J. Whitis, R. L. Mannino, X. Bai, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, S. Uvarov, S. J. Haselschwardt, T. J. R. Davison, M. Horn, P. Brás, S. Alsum, J. Lin, M. Moongweluwan, R. C. Webb, A. St. J. Murphy, D. J. Taylor, Adam Bernstein, M. F. Marzioni, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, J. E. Cutter, V. A. Kudryavtsev, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, J. Liao, C. Ghag, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, Sergey Burdin, Dongming Mei, Chao Zhang, N. Marangou, F. Neves, Catarina Silva, C. Chan, S. Kravitz, E. Grace, R. G. Jacobsen, and W. Ji

Subjects
Technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic, Physics, Particles & Fields, Nuclear physics, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Xenon, Recoil, Particle and Plasma Physics, WIMP, Affordable and Clean Energy, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Nuclear, Nuclear Science & Technology, 010306 general physics, Instruments & Instrumentation, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Physics, Dark matter detectors, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, WIMPs, Other Physical Sciences, Physics, Nuclear, chemistry, Physical Sciences, Liquid xenon, Trigger efficiency, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX) searches for dark matter using a dual-phase xenon detector. LUX uses a custom-developed trigger system for event selection. In this paper, the trigger efficiency, which is defined as the probability that an event of interest is selected for offline analysis, is studied using raw data obtained from both electron recoil (ER) and nuclear recoil (NR) calibrations. The measured efficiency exceeds 98\% at a pulse area of 90 detected photons, which is well below the WIMP analysis threshold on the S2 pulse area. The efficiency also exceeds 98\% at recoil energies of \mbox{0.2 keV} and above for ER, and \mbox{1.3 keV} and above for NR. The measured trigger efficiency varies between 99\% and 100\% over the fiducial volume of the detector., Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures

Published
2018

13. Search for annual and diurnal rate modulations in the LUX experiment

Author

T. J. Sumner, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, S. Uvarov, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, D. S. Akerib, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, A. Manalaysay, H. N. Nelson, Ethan Bernard, J. Liao, V. Velan, W. H. To, U. Utku, A. Lindote, M. Horn, M. F. Marzioni, D. Woodward, R. L. Mannino, T. J. R. Davison, Mani Tripathi, P. Rossiter, S. J. Haselschwardt, Sergey Burdin, W. C. Taylor, D. Q. Huang, K. T. Lesko, Matthew Szydagis, T. J. Whitis, E. M. Boulton, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, R. C. Webb, J. Balajthy, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, B. G. Lenardo, D. J. Taylor, C. Nehrkorn, J. Lin, F.L.H. Wolfs, M. Solmaz, F. Neves, S. Shaw, J.R. Verbus, D. Byram, S. Fiorucci, C. Ghag, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Chao Zhang, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, P. A. Terman, S. Alsum, M. Moongweluwan, B. Boxer, J. T. White, M. G. D. Gilchriese, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. E. Cutter, P. Sorensen, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, B. P. Tennyson, L. Tvrznikova, Carl Gwilliam, Elena Korolkova, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Henrique Araujo, C. R. Hall, Daniel McKinsey, D. Khaitan, S. R. Fallon, N. Marangou, Dongming Mei, A. Fan, P. Brás, S. A. Hertel, K. J. Palladino, E. Druszkiewicz, C. Chan, S. Kravitz, K. Yazdani, D. P. Hogan, E. K. Pease, Michael S. Witherell, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, R. G. Jacobsen, W. Ji, V. A. Kudryavtsev, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and The Royal Society

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Rate modulation, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Modulation (music), DARK-MATTER, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, Physics, Quantum Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Amplitude, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Halo, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Tonne, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Various dark matter models predict annual and diurnal modulations of dark matter interaction rates in Earth-based experiments as a result of the Earth's motion in the halo. Observation of such features can provide generic evidence for detection of dark matter interactions. This paper reports a search for both annual and diurnal rate modulations in the LUX dark matter experiment using over 20 calendar months of data acquired between 2013 and 2016. This search focuses on electron recoil events at low energies, where leptophilic dark matter interactions are expected to occur and where the DAMA experiment has observed a strong rate modulation for over two decades. By using the innermost volume of the LUX detector and developing robust cuts and corrections, we obtained a stable event rate of 2.3$\pm$0.2~cpd/keV$_{\text{ee}}$/tonne, which is among the lowest in all dark matter experiments. No statistically significant annual modulation was observed in energy windows up to 26~keV$_{\text{ee}}$. Between 2 and 6~keV$_{\text{ee}}$, this analysis demonstrates the most sensitive annual modulation search up to date, with 9.2$\sigma$ tension with the DAMA/LIBRA result. We also report no observation of diurnal modulations above 0.2~cpd/keV$_{\text{ee}}$/tonne amplitude between 2 and 6~keV$_{\text{ee}}$., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures

Published
2018

14. Position Reconstruction in LUX

Author

B. N. Edwards, Henrique Araujo, K. O’Sullivan, V. Velan, J. E. Cutter, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, R. G. Jacobsen, A. Fan, Matthew Szydagis, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, C. Ghag, X. Bai, R. L. Mannino, W. Ji, D. Q. Huang, Kareem Kazkaz, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Lindote, S. Alsum, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, K. J. Palladino, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. Mock, C. R. Hall, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, M. Moongweluwan, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, T. A. Shutt, A. J. Bailey, J. A. Morad, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, D. Byram, Dongming Mei, L. Tvrznikova, C. Chan, M. Hanhardt, D. J. Taylor, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, D. S. Akerib, C. Nehrkorn, W. C. Taylor, F.L.H. Wolfs, D. Khaitan, A. Currie, D. P. Hogan, S. A. Hertel, S. Shaw, M. F. Marzioni, S. R. Fallon, P. A. Terman, E. Druszkiewicz, J. Balajthy, K. Yazdani, S. Uvarov, M. S. Witherell, M. Horn, Chao Zhang, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, P. Sorensen, Daniel McKinsey, B. P. Tennyson, S. Fiorucci, A. Manalaysay, F. Neves, Mani Tripathi, W. H. To, T. J. R. Davison, Ethan Bernard, R. C. Webb, Sarah Young, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, P. Brás, Sidney Cahn, B. G. Lenardo, M. Solmaz, T. J. Whitis, J.R. Verbus, and J. T. White

Subjects
Technology, Liquid detectors, Photomultiplier, Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.), XENON, Optics, Xenon, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 010306 general physics, Instruments & Instrumentation, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Gamma camera, Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc), Physics, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Charge transport, multiplication and electroluminescence in rare gases and liquids, Detector, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Photon counting, GAMMA-CAMERA, chemistry, physics.comp-ph, EMISSION, business, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The $(x, y)$ position reconstruction method used in the analysis of the complete exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is presented. The algorithm is based on a statistical test that makes use of an iterative method to recover the photomultiplier tube (PMT) light response directly from the calibration data. The light response functions make use of a two dimensional functional form to account for the photons reflected on the inner walls of the detector. To increase the resolution for small pulses, a photon counting technique was employed to describe the response of the PMTs. The reconstruction was assessed with calibration data including ${}^{\mathrm{83m}}$Kr (releasing a total energy of 41.5 keV) and ${}^{3}$H ($\beta^-$ with Q = 18.6 keV) decays, and a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron beam (2.45 MeV). In the horizontal plane, the reconstruction has achieved an $(x, y)$ position uncertainty of $\sigma$= 0.82 cm for events of only 200 electroluminescence photons and $\sigma$ = 0.17 cm for 4,000 electroluminescence photons. Such signals are associated with electron recoils of energies $\sim$0.25 keV and $\sim$10 keV, respectively. The reconstructed position of the smallest events with a single electron emitted from the liquid surface has a horizontal $(x, y)$ uncertainty of 2.13 cm., Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures

Published
2018

15. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment

Author

M. Sarychev, T. K. Edberg, B. Boxer, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, K. J. Palladino, J. H. Buckley, S. Kyre, Simon Fayer, K. Stifter, J.S. Saba, S. Powell, Henrique Araujo, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, J.R. Verbus, U. Utku, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, F. Neves, V. A. Kudryavtsev, W. Skulski, S. Luitz, J. Yin, S. J. Haselschwardt, R. Linehan, C. M. Ignarra, D. J. Taylor, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, J. Lin, S. Fiorucci, Vv. Bugaev, V. N. Solovov, C. D. Kocher, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, Bjoern Penning, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Li, E. H. Miller, P. Rossiter, X. Liu, T. Tope, A. Cottle, W. R. Edwards, R. Taylor, C. Ghag, W.L. Waldron, A. J. Bailey, Carl W. Akerlof, Minfang Yeh, Hoff, J. M. Lyle, Elena Korolkova, C. R. Hall, F.-T. Liao, W. H. Lippincott, Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, A. Piepke, S. Hans, R. L. Mannino, P. Sorensen, A. Manalaysay, T. Benson, S. A. Hertel, E. Voirin, D. Khaitan, Mgd van der Grinten, A. Richards, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, Ethan Bernard, E. Druszkiewicz, H. Kraus, D. Q. Huang, P. Beltrame, W. J. Wisniewski, M. Timalsina, S. Shaw, Yue Meng, J. Y.K. Hor, L. Tvrznikova, A. Murphy, B. G. Lenardo, J. E. Cutter, K.J. Thomas, K. E. Boast, B. N. Ratcliff, T.M. Stiegler, A. Currie, T. J. Whitis, R. M. Preece, J. Va’vra, D. A. Bauer, M. Solmaz, E. Morrison, W. Ji, A. Fan, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. Genovesi, Ian S. Young, Ben Carlson, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, C. E. Dahl, X. Bai, P. Brás, Michael Schubnell, C. Maupin, J. Mock, I. Stancu, Daniel McKinsey, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, A. Lindote, David Leonard, S. Alsum, P. A. Terman, M. E. Monzani, Juhyeong Lee, Matthew Szydagis, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Duncan Carlsmith, S. Balashov, K. T. Lesko, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, C. Rhyne, H.J. Krebs, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, L.D. Viveiros, M. Arthurs, M.R. Stark, A. Tomás, R. C. Webb, D. White, K. O'Sullivan, J. Keefner, J. Liao, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, Peter Majewski, J. J. Cherwinka, D. S. Akerib, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, Wolfgang Lorenzon, W. C. Taylor, K. Hanzel, K. Skarpaas, J. Balajthy, Benjamin Krikler, T. Fruth, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, Yeongduk Kim, W. H. To, S. D. Worm, Seth Hillbrand, Asher Kaboth, D. Woodward, P.R. Scovell, B.L. Paredes, R. W. Schnee, M.I. Lopes, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
BACKGROUNDS, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, GASES, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, Galactic halo, Nuclear physics, XENON, LIMITS, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Recoil, WIMP, RADIOACTIVITY, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, LOADED LIQUID SCINTILLATOR, Physical Sciences, SIMULATION, astro-ph.CO, RECOIL, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, EMISSION, Sensitivity (electronics), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a next generation dark matter direct detection experiment that will operate 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. Using a two-phase xenon detector with an active mass of 7~tonnes, LZ will search primarily for low-energy interactions with Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which are hypothesized to make up the dark matter in our galactic halo. In this paper, the projected WIMP sensitivity of LZ is presented based on the latest background estimates and simulations of the detector. For a 1000~live day run using a 5.6~tonne fiducial mass, LZ is projected to exclude at 90\% confidence level spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$~cm$^{2}$ for a 40~$\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$ mass WIMP. Additionally, a $5\sigma$ discovery potential is projected reaching cross sections below the exclusion limits of recent experiments. For spin-dependent WIMP-neutron(-proton) scattering, a sensitivity of $2.3 \times 10^{-43}$~cm$^{2}$ ($7.1 \times 10^{-42}$~cm$^{2}$) for a 40~$\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$ mass WIMP is expected. With underground installation well underway, LZ is on track for commissioning at SURF in 2020., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures

Published
2018
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16. Chromatographic separation of radioactive noble gases from xenon

Author

Mani Tripathi, X. Bai, D. J. Taylor, A. Dobi, R. C. Webb, S. Fiorucci, H. N. Nelson, J. Mock, K. Pech, R.G. Jacobsen, C. H. Faham, P. Sorensen, L. Tvrznikova, C. Ghag, M. Moongweluwan, A. J. Bailey, M. Hanhardt, Chao Zhang, B. G. Lenardo, S. Shaw, P. Phelps, A. Bernstein, A. St. J. Murphy, Henrique Araujo, M. G. D. Gilchriese, A. Manalaysay, C. Chan, N.A. Larsen, R. Bramante, T. A. Shutt, V. M. Gehman, J. A. Morad, J. E. Cutter, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. R. Hall, F. Neves, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, A. Lindote, Ethan Bernard, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, L. Reichhart, B. N. Edwards, Daniel McKinsey, W. H. To, M. F. Marzioni, T. P. Biesiadzinski, D. M. Mei, R. L. Mannino, T. J. R. Davison, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, K. T. Lesko, D. Q. Huang, C. Lee, K. O’Sullivan, C. Rhyne, P. A. Terman, R. J. Gaitskell, J. T. White, Michael S. Witherell, T. Coffey, K. J. Palladino, A.A. Chiller, Sidney Cahn, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, K.R. Gibson, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, M. Ihm, A. Currie, S. Uvarov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, V. N. Solovov, T. J. Whitis, D. P. Hogan, J.R. Verbus, M. Horn, Matthew Szydagis, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, S. Stephenson, Sarah Young, F.L.H. Wolfs, C. Nehrkorn, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, W. Ji, S. J. Haselschwardt, E. M. Boulton, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, T. J. Sumner, and D. S. Akerib

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Trace Amounts, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Adsorption, Xenon, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, Gas separation, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiochemistry, Krypton, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Weakly interacting massive particles
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility to detect nuclear recoils from the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on a liquid xenon target. Liquid xenon typically contains trace amounts of the noble radioactive isotopes $^{85}$Kr and $^{39}$Ar that are not removed by the in situ gas purification system. The decays of these isotopes at concentrations typical of research-grade xenon would be a dominant background for a WIMP search exmperiment. To remove these impurities from the liquid xenon, a chromatographic separation system based on adsorption on activated charcoal was built. 400 kg of xenon was processed, reducing the average concentration of krypton from 130 ppb to 3.5 ppt as measured by a cold-trap assisted mass spectroscopy system. A 50 kg batch spiked to 0.001 g/g of krypton was processed twice and reduced to an upper limit of 0.2 ppt., Comment: Accepted in Astropart. Phys

Published
2018

17. Ultralow energy calibration of LUX detector using Xe127 electron capture

Author

Henrique Araujo, C. R. Hall, S. K. Young, D. J. Taylor, D. Byram, S. Shaw, A. Dobi, Sidney Cahn, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, M. S. Witherell, J. A. Morad, F. L. H. Wolfs, R. G. Jacobsen, J. E. Cutter, P. Brás, D. Q. Huang, B. N. Edwards, J. T. White, M. Hanhardt, Daniel McKinsey, X. Bai, W. Ji, S. Alsum, B. G. Lenardo, A. Manalaysay, M. Moongweluwan, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, T. A. Shutt, D. R. Tiedt, J.R. Verbus, Ethan Bernard, C. M. Ignarra, D. M. Mei, Kareem Kazkaz, V. Velan, M. Solmaz, T. J. R. Davison, C. Ghag, T. P. Biesiadzinski, D. P. Hogan, K. T. Lesko, T. J. Whitis, S. Uvarov, N. A. Larsen, Chao Zhang, R. L. Mannino, K. O’Sullivan, M. Horn, Matthew Szydagis, M. G. D. Gilchriese, F. Neves, P. Sorensen, J. Mock, M. F. Marzioni, Mani Tripathi, B. P. Tennyson, S. Fiorucci, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, P. A. Terman, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, W. H. To, R. C. Webb, S. R. Fallon, Catarina Silva, H. N. Nelson, C. Chan, D. S. Akerib, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, A. St. J. Murphy, K. Kamdin, Adam Bernstein, P. Beltrame, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, L. Tvrznikova, A. Currie, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. Genovesi, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, D. Khaitan, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, A. Fan, A. J. Bailey, and A. Lindote

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron capture, Binding energy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Beta decay, Xenon, Recoil, chemistry, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Isotopes of xenon, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Author(s): Akerib, DS; Alsum, S; Araujo, HM; Bai, X; Bailey, AJ; Balajthy, J; Beltrame, P; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Boulton, EM; Bras, P; Byram, D; Cahn, SB; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Chan, C; Currie, A; Cutter, JE; Davison, TJR; Dobi, A; Druszkiewicz, E; Edwards, BN; Fallon, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gilchriese, MGD; Hall, CR; Hanhardt, M; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hogan, DP; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jacobsen, RG; Ji, W; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Knoche, R; Larsen, NA; Lenardo, BG; Lesko, KT; Lindote, A; Lopes, MI; Manalaysay, A; Mannino, RL; Marzioni, MF; McKinsey, DN; Mei, DM; Mock, J; Moongweluwan, M; Morad, JA; Murphy, ASJ; Nehrkorn, C; Nelson, HN; Neves, F; O'Sullivan, K; Oliver-Mallory, KC; Palladino, KJ; Pease, EK; Rhyne, C; Shaw, S; Shutt, TA; Silva, C; Solmaz, M; Solovov, VN; Sorensen, P; Sumner, TJ; Szydagis, M; Taylor, DJ; Taylor, WC; Tennyson, BP; Terman, PA; Tiedt, DR; To, WH; Tripathi, M; Tvrznikova, L; Uvarov, S; Velan, V; Verbus, JR; Webb, RC | Abstract: We report an absolute calibration of the ionization yields (Qy) and fluctuations for electronic recoil events in liquid xenon at discrete energies between 186 eV and 33.2 keV. The average electric field applied across the liquid xenon target is 180 V/cm. The data are obtained using low energy Xe127 electron capture decay events from the 95.0-day first run from LUX (WS2013) in search of weakly interacting massive particles. The sequence of gamma-ray and x-ray cascades associated with I127 deexcitations produces clearly identified two-vertex events in the LUX detector. We observe the K-(binding energy, 33.2 keV), L-(5.2 keV), M-(1.1 keV), and N-(186 eV) shell cascade events and verify that the relative ratio of observed events for each shell agrees with calculations. The N-shell cascade analysis includes single extracted electron (SE) events and represents the lowest-energy electronic recoil in situ measurements that have been explored in liquid xenon.

Published
2017

18. Kr83m calibration of the 2013 LUX dark matter search

Author

L. Tvrznikova, A. Currie, Witherell, D. Q. Huang, S. Uvarov, R. G. Jacobsen, B. G. Lenardo, A. Dobi, D. J. Taylor, D. M. Mei, J. A. Morad, P. Sorensen, T. J. R. Davison, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Horn, Verbus, K. Kamdin, M. Solmaz, P. Beltrame, R. C. Webb, S. A. Hertel, T. J. Whitis, W. Ji, H. N. Nelson, D. Byram, K. Yazdani, B. P. Tennyson, S. Fiorucci, Sarah Young, Fallon, S. J. Haselschwardt, Catarina Silva, S. Alsum, C. M. Ignarra, M. Moongweluwan, Tiedt, K. T. Lesko, Velan, P. A. Terman, N. A. Larsen, P. Brás, A. Murphy, J. E. Cutter, C. Chan, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, T. J. Sumner, M. Hanhardt, J. Mock, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Manalaysay, Ethan Bernard, F. Neves, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Shaw, C. Ghag, A. Fan, Chao Zhang, T. A. Shutt, E. Druszkiewicz, Sidney Cahn, M. F. Marzioni, K. O'Sullivan, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, D. Khaitan, J. T. White, F.L.H. Wolfs, D. P. Hogan, Mani Tripathi, Adam Bernstein, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, V. N. Solovov, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Lindote, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, R. L. Mannino, A. J. Bailey, Blair Edwards, W. C. Taylor, Matthew Szydagis, J. Balajthy, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Henrique Araujo, W. H. To, C. R. Hall, E. M. Boulton, Daniel McKinsey, and D. S. Akerib

Subjects
Combinatorics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Context (language use), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

Author(s): Akerib, DS; Alsum, S; Araujo, HM; Bai, X; Bailey, AJ; Balajthy, J; Beltrame, P; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Boulton, EM; Bras, P; Byram, D; Cahn, SB; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Chan, C; Currie, A; Cutter, JE; Davison, TJR; Dobi, A; Druszkiewicz, E; Edwards, BN; Fallon, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gilchriese, MGD; Hall, CR; Hanhardt, M; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hogan, DP; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jacobsen, RG; Ji, W; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Knoche, R; Larsen, NA; Lenardo, BG; Lesko, KT; Lindote, A; Lopes, MI; Manalaysay, A; Mannino, RL; Marzioni, MF; McKinsey, DN; Mei, DM; Mock, J; Moongweluwan, M; Morad, JA; Murphy, ASJ; Nehrkorn, C; Nelson, HN; Neves, F; O'Sullivan, K; Oliver-Mallory, KC; Palladino, KJ; Pease, EK; Rhyne, C; Shaw, S; Shutt, TA; Silva, C; Solmaz, M; Solovov, VN; Sorensen, P; Sumner, TJ; Szydagis, M; Taylor, DJ; Taylor, WC; Tennyson, BP; Terman, PA; Tiedt, DR; To, WH; Tripathi, M; Tvrznikova, L; Uvarov, S; Velan, V; Verbus, JR; Webb, RC | Abstract: LUX was the first dark matter experiment to use a Kr83m calibration source. In this paper, we describe the source preparation and injection. We also present several Kr83m calibration applications in the context of the 2013 LUX exposure, including the measurement of temporal and spatial variation in scintillation and charge signal amplitudes, and several methods to understand the electric field within the time projection chamber.

Published
2017

19. Radiogenic and muon-induced backgrounds in the LUX dark matter detector

Author

D. J. Taylor, B. N. Edwards, N. Walsh, J.J. Chapman, Michael S. Witherell, Daniel McKinsey, M. Pangilinan, F. Neves, F.L.H. Wolfs, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, J. A. Morad, V. N. Solovov, Matthew Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, C.H. Faham, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, C. Chan, M. Moongweluwan, Chao Zhang, A. W. Bradley, S. A. Hertel, P. Phelps, T. J. Sumner, P. D. Parker, K. O'Sullivan, Henrique Araujo, A. J. Bailey, H. N. Nelson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, Mani Tripathi, C. R. Hall, T. Coffey, L. de Viveiros, Ethan Bernard, R. G. Jacobsen, X. Bai, C. Ghag, Dongming Mei, K. Pech, J. Mock, A. A. Chiller, Sidney Cahn, C. E. Flores, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, R. C. Webb, D.C. Malling, R. L. Mannino, R. A. Ott, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, D. Q. Huang, J. Balajthy, M. Horn, D. S. Akerib, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, K.R. Gibson, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Fiorucci, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, J. T. White, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, D. Byram, C. Chiller, J.R. Verbus, T. A. Shutt, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. Nehrkorn, A. Dobi, P. Sorensen, B. P. Tennyson, M. Woods, A. Currie, V. M. Gehman, and Kareem Kazkaz

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Radioactive background, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, Physics, LUX, Muon, Radiogenic nuclide, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, chemistry, Material screening, Weakly interacting massive particles, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Simulation, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment aims to detect rare low-energy interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The radiogenic backgrounds in the LUX detector have been measured and compared with Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of LUX high-energy data have provided direct constraints on all background sources contributing to the background model. The expected background rate from the background model for the 85.3 day WIMP search run is $(2.6\pm0.2_{\textrm{stat}}\pm0.4_{\textrm{sys}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$ in a 118~kg fiducial volume. The observed background rate is $(3.6\pm0.4_{\textrm{stat}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$, consistent with model projections. The expectation for the radiogenic background in a subsequent one-year run is presented., 18 pages, 12 figures / 17 images, submitted to Astropart. Phys

Published
2015

20. Radon-related Backgrounds in the LUX Dark Matter Search

Author

Sidney Cahn, D. R. Tiedt, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Zhang, P. Phelps, A. Dobi, J. T. White, J. A. Morad, M. Pangilinan, R. L. Mannino, R. J. Gaitskell, D. Byram, M. Moongweluwan, E. K. Pease, Ethan Bernard, C. Chiller, R. C. Webb, J.R. Verbus, L. de Viveiros, C. Silva, T. Coffey, P. D. Parker, K. O'Sullivan, V. N. Solovov, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, C. H. Faham, X. Bai, J.J. Chapman, M. Woods, C. Ghag, D. J. Taylor, A. A. Chiller, J. Mock, H. N. Nelson, T. A. Shutt, B. N. Edwards, M. Horn, S. Fiorucci, R. A. Ott, A. W. Bradley, J. E. Y. Dobson, K. Pech, P. Sorensen, A. Lindote, C. E. Flores, L. Reichhart, D. Q. Huang, J. Balajthy, N. Walsh, B. P. Tennyson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Michael S. Witherell, Mani Tripathi, A. J. Bailey, F. L. H. Wolfs, C. Nehrkorn, C. Chan, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, F. Neves, Dongming Mei, Henrique Araujo, C. R. Hall, Matthew Szydagis, M. Ihm, K.R. Gibson, S. Uvarov, Daniel McKinsey, D.C. Malling, Kareem Kazkaz, A. Currie, V. M. Gehman, D. S. Akerib, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, T. J. Sumner, and R. G. Jacobsen

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, radon, Radon, Astrophysics, Physics and Astronomy(all), dark matter, xenon, background characterization, Low energy, WIMP, chemistry, liquid noble detectors, Alpha decay, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. The LUX detector is currently in operation at the Davis Campus at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD to directly search for WIMP dark matter. Knowing the type and rate of backgrounds is critical in a rare, low energy event search, and LUX was designed, constructed, and deployed to mitigate backgrounds, both internal and external. An important internal background are decays of radon and its daughters. These consist of alpha decays, which are easily tagged and are a tracer of certain backgrounds, and beta decays, some of which are not as readily tagged and present a background for the WIMP search. We report on studies of alpha decay and discuss implications for the WIMP search.

Published
2015

21. 3D Modeling of Electric Fields in the LUX Detector

Author

D. Q. Huang, P. A. Terman, S. Uvarov, M. Horn, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, Mani Tripathi, S. A. Hertel, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, T. J. R. Davison, C. Nehrkorn, S. Alsum, J. T. White, K. Yazdani, M. Hanhardt, W. C. Taylor, L. Tvrznikova, R. C. Webb, M. Moongweluwan, D. Byram, A. Lindote, Sarah Young, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, A. Manalaysay, D. R. Tiedt, D. Khaitan, C. M. Ignarra, J. Balajthy, S. R. Fallon, A. J. Bailey, S. Fiorucci, A. Currie, T. J. Whitis, B. G. Lenardo, P. Brás, J.R. Verbus, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, D. J. Taylor, A. Fan, X. Bai, C. Chan, K. J. Palladino, F.L.H. Wolfs, B. N. Edwards, J. Mock, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, M. Solmaz, Ethan Bernard, Kareem Kazkaz, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, P. Sorensen, Sidney Cahn, K. O’Sullivan, S. Shaw, T. P. Biesiadzinski, M. F. Marzioni, M. S. Witherell, B. P. Tennyson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Henrique Araujo, P. Beltrame, S. J. Haselschwardt, Matthew Szydagis, C. R. Hall, Daniel McKinsey, R. G. Jacobsen, W. Ji, K. Kamdin, D. S. Akerib, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, Dongming Mei, C. Ghag, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, Chao Zhang, D. P. Hogan, C. Rhyne, F. Neves, R. J. Gaitskell, J. E. Cutter, V. Velan, R. L. Mannino, and W. H. To

Subjects
Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Field (physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Noble liquid detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Detector modelling and simulations II, Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Engineering, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, CALORIMETER, 010306 general physics, Dark Matter detectors, Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Active volume, Mean value, Detector, Charge density, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc), LIGHT, physics.comp-ph, Physical Sciences, Analysis and statistical methods, Electric field magnitude, CHAMBERS, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

Author(s): Akerib, DS; Alsum, S; Araujo, HM; Bai, X; Bailey, AJ; Balajthy, J; Beltrame, P; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Boulton, EM; Bras, P; Byram, D; Cahn, SB; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Chan, C; Currie, A; Cutter, JE; Davison, TJR; Dobi, A; Druszkiewicz, E; Edwards, BN; Fallon, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gilchriese, MGD; Hall, CR; Hanhardt, M; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hogan, DP; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jacobsen, RG; Ji, W; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Knoche, R; Larsen, NA; Lenardo, BG; Lesko, KT; Lindote, A; Lopes, MI; Manalaysay, A; Mannino, RL; Marzioni, MF; McKinsey, DN; Mei, DM; Mock, J; Moongweluwan, M; Morad, JA; Murphy, ASJ; Nehrkorn, C; Nelson, HN; Neves, F; O'Sullivan, K; Oliver-Mallory, KC; Palladino, KJ; Pease, EK; Rhyne, C; Shaw, S; Shutt, TA; Silva, C; Solmaz, M; Solovov, VN; Sorensen, P; Sumner, TJ; Szydagis, M; Taylor, DJ; Taylor, WC; Tennyson, BP; Terman, PA; Tiedt, DR; To, WH; Tripathi, M; Tvrznikova, L; Uvarov, S; Velan, V; Verbus, JR; Webb, RC | Abstract: This work details the development of a three-dimensional (3D) electric field model for the LUX detector. The detector took data to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) during two periods. After the first period completed, a time-varying non-uniform negative charge developed in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) panels that define the radial boundary of the detector's active volume. This caused electric field variations in the detector in time, depth and azimuth, generating an electrostatic radially-inward force on electrons on their way upward to the liquid surface. To map this behavior, 3D electric field maps of the detector's active volume were generated on a monthly basis. This was done by fitting a model built in COMSOL Multiphysics to the uniformly distributed calibration data that were collected on a regular basis. The modeled average PTFE charge density increased over the course of the exposure from -3.6 to -5.5 μC/m2. From our studies, we deduce that the electric field magnitude varied locally while the mean value of the field of ∼200 V/cm remained constant throughout the exposure. As a result of this work the varying electric fields and their impact on event reconstruction and discrimination were successfully modeled.

Published
2017

22. First Searches for Axions and Axionlike Particles with the LUX Experiment

Author

K.R. Gibson, Henrique Araujo, P. A. Terman, S. Shaw, M. Hanhardt, C. R. Hall, S. Uvarov, D. P. Hogan, J. E. Cutter, M. Horn, A. Manalaysay, F.L.H. Wolfs, S. K. Young, M. S. Witherell, K. O’Sullivan, Ethan Bernard, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, D. J. Taylor, T. A. Shutt, F. Neves, R. G. Jacobsen, X. Bai, J. A. Morad, P. Brás, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. E. Y. Dobson, K. Kamdin, J. T. White, M. G. D. Gilchriese, L. Tvrznikova, P. Beltrame, D. Q. Huang, W. Ji, C. Rhyne, S. Alsum, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Dobi, B. G. Lenardo, C. Aquino, A. Currie, S. J. Haselschwardt, M. Moongweluwan, H. N. Nelson, V. M. Gehman, V. Velan, Daniel McKinsey, T. J. Whitis, Matthew Szydagis, Dongming Mei, P. Sorensen, C. H. Faham, Jilei Xu, Sidney Cahn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, K. Kazkaz, C. Nehrkorn, C. Ghag, M. Solmaz, J.R. Verbus, B. P. Tennyson, Mani Tripathi, S. Stephenson, R. L. Mannino, J. Mock, Chao Zhang, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, W. C. Taylor, R. C. Webb, A. Lindote, J. Balajthy, S. Fiorucci, L. Reichhart, S. R. Fallon, W. H. To, A. A. Chiller, C. Chan, B. N. Edwards, A. J. Bailey, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, D. S. Akerib, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, T. J. R. Davison, D. Byram, C. Chiller, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Ching Hua Lee, M. F. Marzioni, and D. Khaitan

Subjects
Particle physics, General Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LUX Collaboration, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Invariant mass, 010306 general physics, Axion, DETECTOR, Boson, Physics, Coupling constant, HARMLESS AXION, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, INVISIBLE AXION, hep-ph, Coupling (probability), INVARIANCE, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, STRONG CP PROBLEM, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Strong CP problem, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The first searches for axions and axionlike particles with the Large Underground Xenon experiment are presented. Under the assumption of an axioelectric interaction in xenon, the coupling constant between axions and electrons g_{Ae} is tested using data collected in 2013 with an exposure totaling 95 live days ×118 kg. A double-sided, profile likelihood ratio statistic test excludes g_{Ae} larger than 3.5×10^{-12} (90% C.L.) for solar axions. Assuming the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky theoretical description, the upper limit in coupling corresponds to an upper limit on axion mass of 0.12 eV/c^{2}, while for the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zhakharov description masses above 36.6 eV/c^{2} are excluded. For galactic axionlike particles, values of g_{Ae} larger than 4.2×10^{-13} are excluded for particle masses in the range 1-16 keV/c^{2}. These are the most stringent constraints to date for these interactions.

Published
2017

23. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross section obtained from the complete LUX exposure

Author

Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, C. H. Faham, A. St. J. Murphy, C. Ghag, V. Velan, M.I. Lopes, F.L.H. Wolfs, R. Knoche, D. P. Hogan, A. Dobi, M. Hanhardt, E. M. Boulton, M. G. D. Gilchriese, D. Byram, T. J. Sumner, Sidney Cahn, T. J. Whitis, A. Bernstein, R. L. Mannino, S. Fiorucci, C. Chiller, H. N. Nelson, J. E. Cutter, F. Neves, A. J. Bailey, A. Manalaysay, Mani Tripathi, Matthew Szydagis, P. Brás, Ethan Bernard, W. H. To, D. Q. Huang, B. G. Lenardo, L. Tvrznikova, C. Chan, S. Uvarov, D. Khaitan, Daniel McKinsey, M. Horn, D. S. Akerib, M. Solmaz, S. R. Fallon, R. C. Webb, Dongming Mei, K. O’Sullivan, A. Currie, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, V. M. Gehman, K. Kamdin, K. J. Palladino, P. Beltrame, W. C. Taylor, K. Kazkaz, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, R. G. Jacobsen, S. A. Hertel, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. Balajthy, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Chao Zhang, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, S. Stephenson, Henrique Araujo, W. Ji, Ching Hua Lee, J.R. Verbus, A. A. Chiller, T. J. R. Davison, P. A. Terman, B. N. Edwards, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. R. Hall, Sarah Young, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, J. T. White, P. Sorensen, B. P. Tennyson, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. E. Y. Dobson, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, S. Shaw, M. S. Witherell, X. Bai, J. Mock, D. J. Taylor, S. Alsum, M. Moongweluwan, and M. F. Marzioni

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, General Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Hadron, Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Mathematical Sciences, LUX Collaboration, Nuclear physics, Engineering, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, DARK-MATTER, 010306 general physics, Elastic scattering, Physics, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Baryon, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic cross sections from the total 129.5 kg-year exposure acquired by the Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX), operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota (USA). A profile likelihood ratio analysis allows 90% CL upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of $\sigma_n$ = 1.6$\times 10^{-41}$ cm$^{2}$ ($\sigma_p$ = 5$\times 10^{-40}$ cm$^{2}$) at 35 GeV$c^{-2}$, almost a sixfold improvement over the previous LUX spin-dependent results. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, version accepted by PRL

Published
2017
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24. Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

Author

A.V. Khromov, P. Sorensen, D. Woodward, Duncan Carlsmith, M. Arthurs, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, Yue Meng, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Horn, W. Skulski, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, E. H. Miller, D. White, C. Carels, K. Stifter, A. Manalaysay, L. Tvrznikova, M. S. Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, P. Rossiter, Laura Manenti, J. Va’vra, A. St. J. Murphy, B. Holbrook, C. R. Hall, B. Gomber, R. Coughlen, C. Levy, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Adam Bernstein, K. Kamdin, Ethan Bernard, T. J. R. Davison, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Hans, A. Currie, P.R. Scovell, P. Beltrame, E. Mizrachi, S. Fiorucci, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Gehman, Ben Carlson, T. J. Whitis, H. Kraus, R. W. Schnee, R. Bramante, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, I. J. Arnquist, J. Mock, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, D. J. Markley, J. Thomson, J. Yin, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, K. Pushkin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. J. Krebs, C. Chiller, S. Alsum, S. Shaw, M. G. D. van der Grinten, E. K. Pease, B. Lopez Paredes, S. Luitz, P. Brás, K. E. Boast, C. Silva, Elena Korolkova, A. Khazov, Andreas Piepke, T.J. Martin, W. L. Waldron, D. Q. Huang, A. Lindote, J. Belle, R.M. Gerhard, W.W. Craddock, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, P. A. Terman, V. N. Solovov, D. Yu. Akimov, C. H. Faham, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, T.M. Stiegler, J. O'Dell, A. Cottle, B. Boxer, A. Konovalov, M. E. Monzani, W. C. Taylor, L. Reichhart, M.J. Barry, Juhyeong Lee, T. K. Edberg, C. Chan, I. Stancu, M. Timalsina, Wenzhao Wei, Michael Schubnell, D. Temples, D. J. Taylor, M. Solmaz, C. Ghag, R. M. Preece, S. Balashov, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, P. Majewski, M. Sarychev, R. Wang, J. Balajthy, K. Hanzel, H. S. Lee, Steven Worm, J. H. Buckley, A. J. Bailey, A. C. Kaboth, Matthew Szydagis, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, R. Bunker, W. H. Lippincott, Daniel McKinsey, T. Benson, A. V. Kumpan, Eric W. Hoppe, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, M.R. Stark, X. Bai, Minfang Yeh, B. N. Ratcliff, R. L. Mannino, T. Fruth, W. Ji, Seth Hillbrand, M. A. Olevitch, A. Richards, Jilei Xu, D. Khaitan, J. Lin, K. O’Sullivan, C. Nehrkorn, W. H. To, J. Reichenbacher, A. A. Chiller, J. A. Nikkel, W.T. Emmet, D. S. Akerib, R. Linehan, R. Watson, Mani Tripathi, David Leonard, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, Kareem Kazkaz, Carl Vuosalo, T. P. Biesiadzinski, R. C. Webb, C. E. Dahl, T. J. Sumner, S. Kyre, F. Neves, R. Leonard, Wolfgang Lorenzon, H. J. Rose, S. Stephenson, Chao Zhang, W. J. Wisniewski, J.Y-K. Hor, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, Dongming Mei, F.-T. Liao, T. E. Tope, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Powell, D. R. Tiedt, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, E. Holtom, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. M. Ignarra, C. T. McConnell, K. Skarpaas, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, Sergey Burdin, X. Liu, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, ZEPLIN-III, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, Event (particle physics), Titanium, GERDA
Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of $^{238}$U$_{e}$~$, Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2017
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25. Signal yields, energy resolution, and recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon

Author

Henrique Araujo, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Matthew Szydagis, B. G. Lenardo, T. J. Sumner, C. R. Hall, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Solmaz, K. Kamdin, Sidney Cahn, P. Beltrame, Mani Tripathi, K.R. Gibson, R.G. Jacobsen, D. Byram, S. Stephenson, M. F. Marzioni, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, Witherell, R. C. Webb, K. O'Sullivan, Sarah Young, P. A. Terman, C. M. Ignarra, F.L.H. Wolfs, T. A. Shutt, N.A. Larsen, D. Q. Huang, J. A. Morad, Tiedt, Daniel McKinsey, J. E. Y. Dobson, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. Shaw, P. Brás, R. Bramante, P. Phelps, K. Kazkaz, A.A. Chiller, C. Chiller, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, C. H. Faham, K. J. Palladino, E. M. Boulton, M. Hanhardt, C. Ghag, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, D. M. Mei, V. N. Solovov, T. J. R. Davison, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M. G. D. Gilchriese, A. Bernstein, S. Alsum, A. Dobi, A. Manalaysay, A. J. Bailey, B. N. Edwards, H. N. Nelson, L. Tvrznikova, M. Moongweluwan, D. P. Hogan, X. Bai, P. Sorensen, Ethan Bernard, M. Horn, R. L. Mannino, V. M. Gehman, F. Neves, J. Mock, Verbus, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Currie, T. P. Biesiadzinski, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, K. Yazdani, Chao Zhang, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, C. Chan, W. Ji, T. J. Whitis, J. T. White, C. Rhyne, D. J. Taylor, R. J. Gaitskell, D. S. Akerib, A. Murphy, J. E. Cutter, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, W. H. To, and S. Fiorucci

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ARGON, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ion, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Xenon, DEPENDENCE, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, 010306 general physics, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resolution (electron density), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Limiting, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), SCINTILLATION YIELDS, 3. Good health, chemistry, Physical Sciences, IONIZATION, Atomic physics, Recombination
Abstract

This work presents an analysis of monoenergetic electronic recoil peaks in the dark-matter-search and calibration data from the first underground science run of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector. Liquid xenon charge and light yields for electronic recoil energies between 5.2 and 661.7 keV are measured, as well as the energy resolution for the LUX detector at those same energies. Additionally, there is an interpretation of existing measurements and descriptions of electron-ion recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon as limiting cases of a more general liquid xenon re- combination fluctuation model. Measurements of the standard deviation of these fluctuations at monoenergetic electronic recoil peaks exhibit a linear dependence on the number of ions for energy deposits up to 661.7 keV, consistent with previous LUX measurements between 2-16 keV with $^3$H. We highlight similarities in liquid xenon recombination for electronic and nuclear recoils with a comparison of recombination fluctuations measured with low-energy calibration data., 11 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables

Published
2017

26. Measurement of the absolute reflectance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) immersed in liquid xenon

Author

C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, P. Brás, J.P. Rodrigues, A. Morozov, F. Neves, A. Lindote, and M.I. Lopes

Subjects
Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, Turn (geometry), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Scintillation, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Reflector (photography), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Wavelength, chemistry, business
Abstract

The performance of a detector using liquid xenon (LXe) as a scintillator is strongly dependent on the collection efficiency for xenon scintillation light, which in turn is critically dependent on the reflectance of the surfaces that surround the active volume. To improve the light collection in such detectors the active volume is usually surrounded by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reflector panels, used due to its very high reflectance—even at the short wavelength of scintillation light of LXe (peaked at 178 nm). In this work, which contributed to the overall R&D effort towards the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment, we present experimental results for the absolute reflectance measurements of three different PTFE samples (including the material used in the LUX detector) immersed in LXe for its scintillation light. The obtained results show that very high bi-hemispherical reflectance values (≥ 97%) can be achieved, enabling very low energy thresholds in liquid xenon scintillator-based detectors.

Published
2016

27. FPGA-based Trigger System for the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author

J. E. Cutter, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, C. H. Faham, C. Ghag, B. Lenardo, Mani Tripathi, M. Pangilinan, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. Skulski, S. Shaw, L. de Viveiros, M. Hanhardt, P. Phelps, W. H. To, P. A. Terman, D. M. Mei, A. Bernstein, P. Beltrame, T. J. R. Davison, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Currie, A. J. Bailey, A. Manalaysay, A. W. Bradley, S. A. Hertel, D. P. Hogan, X. Bai, R. C. Webb, A. Dobi, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, C. Chan, Ethan Bernard, J. Yin, Sidney Cahn, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, T. J. Whitis, J. Mock, B. N. Edwards, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. T. White, Matthew Szydagis, Michael S. Witherell, Chao Zhang, C. Nehrkorn, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, W. Ji, R. A. Ott, F.L.H. Wolfs, A. Lindote, K.R. Gibson, L. Reichhart, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J.J. Chapman, J. E. Y. Dobson, Sarah Young, D. J. Taylor, Daniel McKinsey, N.A. Larsen, R. Bramante, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, J.R. Verbus, S. Fiorucci, A.A. Chiller, E. M. Boulton, M. F. Marzioni, D.C. Malling, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, Henrique Araujo, M. Moongweluwan, C. R. Hall, R.G. Jacobsen, D. S. Akerib, T. J. Sumner, S. Stephenson, D. Q. Huang, A. St. J. Murphy, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, M. Ihm, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, S. Uvarov, K. O׳Sullivan, M. Horn, L. Tvrznikova, V. M. Gehman, R. L. Mannino, and P. Sorensen

Subjects
Technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Latency (audio), FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Nuclear physics, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Data acquisition, Xenon, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Science & Technology, DSP, 010306 general physics, Instruments & Instrumentation, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, FPGA, Digital signal processing, Physics, Dark matter detectors, Science & Technology, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Baseline subtraction, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, DAQ, Trigger, Microsecond, chemistry, Physical Sciences, business
Abstract

LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance., 11 pages, 26 figures, added some key points to the abstract, and conclusions, no change in results, accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A

Published
2016

28. Radioactivity backgrounds in ZEPLIN–III

Author

J. Pinto da Cunha, J. J. Quenby, A. St. J. Murphy, L. Reichhart, A. Hollingsworth, E. J. Barnes, M.I. Lopes, L. DeViveiros, Robert D. Preece, N. J. T. Smith, S. M. Paling, G. E. Kalmus, P.F. Smith, V. A. Belov, V. N. Stekhanov, A. S. Kobyakin, A. Bewick, D.Yu. Akimov, T. J. Sumner, A. Currie, R. Lüscher, C. Thorne, V. N. Lebedenko, C. Ghag, Rodney Walker, P.R. Scovell, M. Horn, F. Neves, A. G. Kovalenko, V. N. Solovov, Henrique Araujo, V. Chepel, B. N. Edwards, A. A. Burenkov, Catarina Silva, P. Majewski, and A. Lindote

Subjects
Physics, Elastic scattering, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ZEPLIN-III, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Scintillation counter, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

We examine electron and nuclear recoil backgrounds from radioactivity in the ZEPLIN-III dark matter experiment at Boulby. The rate of low-energy electron recoils in the liquid xenon WIMP target is 0.75$\pm$0.05 events/kg/day/keV, which represents a 20-fold improvement over the rate observed during the first science run. Energy and spatial distributions agree with those predicted by component-level Monte Carlo simulations propagating the effects of the radiological contamination measured for materials employed in the experiment. Neutron elastic scattering is predicted to yield 3.05$\pm$0.5 nuclear recoils with energy 5-50 keV per year, which translates to an expectation of 0.4 events in a 1-year dataset in anti-coincidence with the veto detector for realistic signal acceptance. Less obvious background sources are discussed, especially in the context of future experiments. These include contamination of scintillation pulses with Cherenkov light from Compton electrons and from $\beta$ activity internal to photomultipliers, which can increase the size and lower the apparent time constant of the scintillation response. Another challenge is posed by multiple-scatter $\gamma$-rays with one or more vertices in regions that yield no ionisation. If the discrimination power achieved in the first run can be replicated, ZEPLIN-III should reach a sensitivity of $\sim 1 \times 10^{-8}$ pb$\cdot$year to the scalar WIMP-nucleon elastic cross-section, as originally conceived., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures

Published
2012

29. LUX Cryogenics and Circulation

Author

R. G. Jacobsen, James Nikkel, T. Classen, K.R. Gibson, M. R. Dragowsky, A. Lyashenko, E. Druszkiewicz, Matthew Szydagis, P. Sorensen, D. S. Akerib, M. Sweany, M. Woods, N. Walsh, M. Hanhardt, Mani Tripathi, L. Kastens, K. Clark, D. Carr, F. Neves, Daniel McKinsey, J.J. Chapman, R. L. Mannino, Ethan Bernard, J. Pinto da Cunha, B. Holbrook, M. Morii, C. Silva, D.C. Malling, T. A. Shutt, V. N. Solovov, F.L.H. Wolfs, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, Kareem Kazkaz, Dongming Mei, A. W. Bradley, X. Bai, W. Skulski, C.H. Faham, Adam Bernstein, Robert Svoboda, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, J. Mock, C. R. Hall, Sidney Cahn, Chao Zhang, P. Phelps, M. Wlasenko, R. L. Lander, J. Spaans, J. Thomson, M.I. Lopes, A. Lindote, Steven Dazeley, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Bedikian, H. N. Nelson, T. Coffey, T.M. Stiegler, M. Ihm, M. Pangilinan, S. Fiorucci, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, J. T. White, and J.R. Verbus

Subjects
Physics, Time projection chamber, LUX, Cryogenics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics and Astronomy(all), 01 natural sciences, Thermosyphon, Nuclear physics, Circulation (fluid dynamics), Xenon, Noble gas circulation, chemistry, Getter, 0103 physical sciences, Water cooling, Dark matter, Thermosiphon, 010306 general physics, Internal heating
Abstract

Submitted by Helmut Wolters (helmut@coimbra.lip.pt) on 2019-02-04T04:47:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 1.pdf: 568034 bytes, checksum: 9b578ed88c0f02f94689dbd34aaeae28 (MD5) zip/1313265.zip: 499693 bytes, checksum: 46d8f87f31a2aa6d1d4fffb91f43b4d7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-04T04:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 1.pdf: 568034 bytes, checksum: 9b578ed88c0f02f94689dbd34aaeae28 (MD5) zip/1313265.zip: 499693 bytes, checksum: 46d8f87f31a2aa6d1d4fffb91f43b4d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14

Published
2012
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30. A model of the reflection distribution in the vacuum ultra violet region

Author

V. N. Solovov, M.I. Lopes, F. Neves, J. Pinto da Cunha, V. Chepel, Anabela Pereira, and Catarina Silva

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Optics, Xenon, Distribution function, chemistry, Reflection (physics), Diffuse reflection, Specular reflection, business, Instrumentation, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract

A reflection model with three components, a specular spike, a specular lobe and a diffuse lobe is discussed. This model was successfully applied to describe reflection of xenon scintillation light ( λ = 175 nm ) by PTFE and other fluoropolymers and can be used for Monte Carlo simulation and analysis of scintillation detectors. The measured data favor a Trowbridge–Reitz distribution function of ellipsoidal micro-surfaces. The intensity of the coherent reflection increases with increasing angle of incidence, as expected, since the surface appears smoother at grazing angles. The total reflectance obtained for PTFE is about 70% for VUV light at normal incidence in vacuum and estimated to go up to 100% in contact with liquid xenon, depending of the angle.

Published
2010

31. Measurement of single electron emission in two-phase xenon

Author

T. J. Sumner, R. M. Preece, P.F. Smith, G. Salinas, David B. Cline, R.J. Walker, B. N. Edwards, F.L.H. Wolfs, E.V. Korolkova, J. T. White, V. Chepel, C. Thorne, F. Neves, N. J. T. Smith, C. Ghag, A. St. J. Murphy, J. Pinto da Cunha, J. Gao, M.I. Lopes, V. N. Lebedenko, Henrique Araujo, Hongwei Wang, W. Ooi, T. Durkin, A. Lindote, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, R. Lüscher, and Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, PHASE, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Photoionization, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Electroluminescence, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Xenon, LIQUID ARGON, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, SCATTERING, FIELD, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Physics, DARK-MATTER DETECTION, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, EXCITONS, PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS, Krypton, ZEPLIN-II, Noble gas, Astronomy and Astrophysics, SOLID XENON, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Radiation detectors, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, KRYPTON, chemistry, Physical Sciences, LUMINESCENCE, Liquid xenon, Atomic physics
Abstract

We present the first measurements of the electroluminescence response to the emission of single electrons in a two-phase noble gas detector. Single ionization electrons generated in liquid xenon are detected in a thin gas layer during the 31-day background run of the ZEPLIN-II experiment, a two-phase xenon detector for WIMP dark matter searches. Both the pressure dependence and magnitude of the single-electron response are in agreement with previous measurements of electroluminescence yield in xenon. We discuss different photoionization processes as possible cause for the sample of single electrons studied in this work. This observation may have implications for the design and operation of future large-scale two-phase systems., 11 pages, 6 figures

Published
2008

32. A survey of energy loss calculations for heavy ions between 1 and 100kev

Author

V. Chepel, J. Pinto da Cunha, A. Lindote, M. L. Benabderrahmane, A. Mangiarotti, P. Sona, and M.I. Lopes

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Energy loss, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Neutron scattering, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Nuclear physics, Recoil, astro-ph, Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, Stopping power (particle radiation), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation
Abstract

The original Lindhard-Scharff-Schi{\o}tt (LSS) theory and the more recent Tilinin theory for calculating the nuclear and electronic stopping powers of slow heavy ions are compared with predictions from the SRIM code by Ziegler. While little discrepancies are present for the nuclear contribution to the energy loss, large differences are found in the electronic one. When full ion recoil cascade simulations are tested against the elastic neutron scattering data available in the literature, it can be concluded that the LSS theory is the more accurate., Comment: Presented at the 10th International Symposium on Radiation Physics, 17-22 September, 2006, Coimbra, Portugal; style corrections, small change to fig.2

Published
2007

33. Operation of gas electron multipliers in pure xenon at low temperatures

Author

M.I. Lopes, Anabela Pereira, V. N. Solovov, V. Chepel, F. Balau, and F. Neves

Subjects
Physics, Two-phase detectors, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Continuous operation, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Gas electron muliplier, Xenon, chemistry, Maximum gain, Gas electron multiplier, Vapor–liquid equilibrium, Atomic physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

Operation of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) in ultra-pure xenon was studied for gas at 25 °C, cold but not saturated gas at -90 °C and saturated xenon vapour at -102 °C. The most stable operation was observed at -90 °C for which the maximum visible gain of 150 was obtained from a single GEM. The maximum gain of [approximate]40 was achieved for saturated xenon vapour at -102 °C and of [approximate]25 for two-phase configuration at the same temperature. Continuous operation of a GEM in two-phase mode for periods of several hours was routinely achieved. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-4NS0KHR-T/1/35eba27b4e775450c0b1ff38cd656379

Published
2007

34. Position reconstruction in a liquid xenon scintillation chamber for low-energy nuclear recoils and γ-rays

Author

F. Neves, Catarina Silva, J. Pinto da Cunha, V. N. Solovov, M.I. Lopes, V. Chepel, and A. Lindote

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Reconstruction algorithm, Neutron scattering, Nuclear physics, Optics, Xenon, chemistry, Position (vector), business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

A position reconstruction algorithm was implemented for a liquid xenon scintillation camera aiming to reduce the uncertainty in the measurement of the energy of nuclear recoils from neutron scattering. The algorithm is based on the maximum likelihood (ML) technique. The performance of the algorithm was assessed both with simulated and experimental data. A resolution of σxy=6.7 mm was measured with 122 keV γ-rays at the bottom of the chamber. For 10 keV γ-rays simulated events, a resolution of σxy⩽20 mm was obtained for 80% of the active volume of the detector. By means of the position reconstruction, the uncertainty of the nuclear recoil energy in the neutron scattering experiment was reduced by a factor of 2–3, depending on the energy.

Published
2007

35. The LUX Experiment

Author

B. N. Edwards, A. St. J. Murphy, M.I. Lopes, Daniel McKinsey, T. Coffey, K. O'Sullivan, R. Knoche, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. E. Y. Dobson, Michael S. Witherell, M. Pangilinan, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, R.G. Jacobsen, N.A. Larsen, D. Byram, C. Lee, K. Pech, R. A. Ott, J.J. Chapman, A. Bernstein, M. Horn, A. Lindote, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, L. Reichhart, D. J. Taylor, N. Walsh, X. Bai, D.C. Malling, D. S. Akerib, J. Balajthy, D. Q. Huang, Henrique Araujo, F.L.H. Wolfs, V. M. Gehman, A.A. Chiller, C. Nehrkorn, A. J. Bailey, R. J. Gaitskell, M. Woods, C. Chan, J. Mock, C. R. Hall, Ethan Bernard, F. Neves, E. K. Pease, K.R. Gibson, T. J. Sumner, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, P. Phelps, J.R. Verbus, A. Currie, C. H. Faham, D. M. Mei, Chao Zhang, C. Ghag, R. L. Mannino, B. P. Tennyson, M. Moongweluwan, P. Sorensen, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, P. D. Parker, J. T. White, C. E. Flores, A. W. Bradley, M. G. D. Gilchriese, Sidney Cahn, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, Matthew Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, Mani Tripathi, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, and S. Fiorucci

Subjects
Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, WIMP, ZEPLIN-III, Direct detection, Dark matter, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics and Astronomy(all), Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Liquid xenon detectors
Abstract

We present the status and prospects of the LUX experiment, which employs approximately 300 kg of two-phase xenon to search for WIMP dark matter interactions. The LUX detector was commissioned at the surface laboratory of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, SD, between December 2011 and February 2012 and the detector has been operating underground since January, 2013. These proceedings review the results of the commissioning run as well as the status of underground data-taking through the summer of 2013.

Published
2015

36. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Conceptual Design Report

Author

V. B. Francis, A. Bernstein, A. Manalaysay, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, Eli Woods, B. N. Ratcliff, Ethan Bernard, R. W. Schnee, N.A. Larsen, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Elena Korolkova, M. Sarychev, James Nikkel, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Luitz, Peter Majewski, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, D. White, B. N. Edwards, W. H. Lippincott, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, X. Ji, M. E. Monzani, B. Holbrook, K. O'Sullivan, Laura Manenti, J. Liu, P.R. Scovell, D.C. Malling, E. M. Boulton, M. G. D. van der Grinten, W.L. Waldron, W. C. Taylor, D. S. Akerib, C. R. Hall, Mikkel B. Johnson, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Lin, Matthew Szydagis, J. Balajthy, K. J. Palladino, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. Kraus, A. Currie, C. E. Dahl, R. Bunker, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, J. Thomson, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, T. J. Sumner, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, W. H. To, I. Stancu, S. Stephenson, M. Pangilinan, T. J. Whitis, R. Bramante, K. E. Boast, T.J. Martin, L. Tvrznikova, A. Lindote, Patrick Bauer, J. O'Dell, L. Wang, D. Woodward, V. A. Kudryavtsev, H.J. Krebs, M. Elnimr, D. R. Tiedt, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, Hoff, S. Kyre, F. Neves, L. Reichhart, C. Fu, Wolfgang Lorenzon, C. Rhyne, W. J. Wisniewski, M.J. Barry, C. M. Ignarra, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. Skulski, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Balashov, Michael Schubnell, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, B. P. Tennyson, M. F. Marzioni, D. Khaitan, R. L. Mannino, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, S. D. Worm, V. M. Gehman, Y. Ju, A. J. Bailey, Daniel McKinsey, B. G. Lenardo, P. Beltrame, H. J. Rose, Minfang Yeh, Sergey Burdin, R.M. Gerhard, X. Liu, K. Skarpaas, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, A. St. J. Murphy, T.M. Stiegler, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, J. Yin, A. Tomás, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, S. Powell, M. Cascella, T. J. R. Davison, Chao Zhang, A.A. Chiller, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, R. M. Preece, N.J. Gantos, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. Uvarov, S.K. Young, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M.I. Lopes, Ben Carlson, J. Va’vra, J. E. Cutter, A.V. Khromov, C. Carels, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, R.G. Jacobsen, A. Harris, Wenzhao Wei, D. J. Taylor, D.Yu. Akimov, Dongming Mei, Duncan Carlsmith, Witherell, E. Holtom, W. Ji, C. H. Faham, S. Alsum, F.-T. Liao, D. Q. Huang, C. Ghag, C. O. Vuosalo, Bhawna Gomber, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, W. T. Emmet, Sridhara Dasu, S. Fiorucci, J.P. da Cunha, P. A. Terman, X. Bai, D. Markley, J. Mock, A. V. Kumpan, M.R. Stark, P. Sorensen, Yue Meng, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, E. H. Miller, S. Shaw, A. Piepke, K. Sundarnath, A. Konovalov, T. K. Edberg, K. Pushkin, P. Ford, J. H. Buckley, and J.R. Verbus

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Expected cost, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Technical systems, Detector, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Conceptual design, Weakly interacting massive particles, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is described as of March 2015 in this Conceptual Design Report. LZ is a second-generation dark-matter detector with the potential for unprecedented sensitivity to weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) of masses from a few GeV/c2 to hundreds of TeV/c2. With total liquid xenon mass of about 10 tonnes, LZ will be the most sensitive experiment for WIMPs in this mass region by the end of the decade. This report describes in detail the design of the LZ technical systems. Expected backgrounds are quantified and the performance of the experiment is presented. The LZ detector will be located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. The organization of the LZ Project and a summary of the expected cost and current schedule are given.

Published
2015

37. Performance of a chamber for studying the liquid xenon response to /spl gamma/-rays and nuclear recoils

Author

V. Chepel, C. Silva, Pedro Cabral Mendes, V. N. Solovov, M.I. Lopes, A.J.P.L. Policarpo, R. Ferreira Marques, A. Lindote, A. Pereira, F. Neves, and J. Pinto da Cunha

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Photomultiplier, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Position resolution, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), chemistry.chemical_element, Photoelectric effect, Full width at half maximum, Optics, Xenon, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Neutron, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

The design and performance of a 1.2 liter liquid xenon chamber equipped with 7 two-inch photomultiplier tubes, with the purpose of studying the scintillation response of xenon to gamma-rays and neutrons, is described. Measurements with gamma-rays indicate a high VUV light collection efficiency resulting in ~5.5 photoelectrons per 1 keV of deposited energy. The energy resolution (FWHM) is 18% and 22%, for 122 keV and 511 keV gamma-rays, respectively. An algorithm for the reconstruction of the scintillation coordinates in (x,y) plane was developed and tested. The position resolution is estimated to be 6.9 mm (sigma) for 122 keV gamma-rays.

Published
2005

38. Primary scintillation yield and ratio in liquid xenon

Author

V. N. Solovov, M.I. Lopes, and V. Chepel

Subjects
Physics, Scintillation, Radiation, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Particle detector, Amplitude, Xenon, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Electric field, Atomic physics
Abstract

Scintillation of liquid xenon due to 5.486 MeV α -particles and 59.54 keV γ -rays, both emitted by a 241 Am source, was observed. By measuring in the same spectrum the amplitudes A α and A γ corresponding to the peaks due to α -particles and γ -rays, respectively, the ratio of the scintillation yield for these two types of particles (in short, referred to as α / β ) was found to be 1.07±0.02 at zero electric field. The mean energy expended per scintillation photon, i.e., W s , in liquid xenon was determined as W s = 18.3 ± 1.5 eV for 59.54 keV γ -rays and W s = 17.1 ± 1.4 eV for α -particles. Using the available data on the dependence of the scintillation light yield of liquid xenon on γ -ray energy, the α / β ratio and W s value were estimated for 1 MeV electrons.

Published
2005

39. New experimental validation of the pulse height weighting technique for capture cross-section measurements

Author

L. Perrot, J. Pancin, F. Voss, Marco Radici, K. Wisshak, Ch.O. Bacri, V. Chepel, E. Berthomieux, L. Zanini, S. Marrone, P. Baumann, A. Lindote, T. Papaevangelou, M. Vincente-Vincente, Nicola Colonna, C. Tapia, M. Dahlfors, P. Vaz, G. Vannini, Per Carlson, M. Embid-Segura, H. Frais-Koelbl, E. Savvidis, F. Rejmund, H. Wendler, J. Salgado, A. Poch, Y. Giomataris, H. Álvarez, J. L. Tain, Saed Dababneh, L. Tavora, K.G. Ioannides, F. Gramegna, I. Duran, Aaron Couture, D. Cortina, M. Terrani, A. Goverdovski, George Kitis, F. Neves, P. M. Milazzo, A. Herrera-Martinez, Manuel Lozano, B. Berthier, R. Vlastou, F. Gunsing, Gerald Badurek, Ralf Plag, J. Benlliure, Alberto Mengoni, G. Cortes, A. Molina-Coballes, G. Aerts, A. Pavlik, N. Tsangas, Enrico Chiaveri, M. Rosetti, W. Rapp, P. Rullhusen, E. Gonzalez-Romero, R. Dolfini, N. Janeva, C. Domingo-Pardo, C. Eleftheriadis, E. Boscolo-Marchi, C. Paradela, E. Jericha, S. Markov, Roberto Capote, S. Lukic, A. Perez-Parra, Rene Reifarth, P. E. Koehler, P.A. Assimakopoulos, A. Kelic, I. F. Gonçalves, D. Cano-Ott, A. Plukis, P. Pavlopoulos, M.I. Lopes, F. Bečvář, P. Cennini, José M. Martínez-Val, S. David, J. M. Quesada, L. Tassan-Got, Sigfrido Boffi, S. Andriamonje, G. Tagliente, U. Abbondanno, Yacine Kadi, J.C. Soares, José Manuel Perlado, L. Ferrant, D. Karamanis, C. Borcea, C. Coceva, L. Ferreira-Lourenco, R. C. Haight, Heinz Oberhummer, Alfredo Ferrari, R. Ferreira-Marques, C. Stephan, S. O'Brien, E. Griesmayer, P. F. Mastinu, Michael Heil, A. Ventura, H. Beer, R. Terlizzi, E. Kossionides, H. Leeb, V. Ketlerov, D. Villamarin-Fernandez, F. Käppeler, Michael Wiescher, W.I. Furman, Carlo Rubbia, E. Mínguez, Subramanian Raman, A. J. M. Plompen, V. Peskov, V. Vlachoudis, A. Angelopoulos, N. Bustreo, G. Rudolf, P. Calviño, C. Moreau, V. Konovalov, V. Lacoste, C. Pretel, James L. Cox, Thomas Rauscher, A.J.P.L. Policarpo, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TOF, U.Abbondanno, G.Aert, H.Alvarez, S.Adriamonje, A.Angelopoulo, P.Assimakopoulo, C.Bacri, C.Badurek, P.Bauman, F.Becvar, H.Beer, J.Benlliure, B.Berthier, E.Berthoumieux, S.Boffi, C.Borcea, N.Bustreo, F.Calvino, D.Cano-Ott, R.Capote, P.Carlson, P.Cennini, V.Chepel, E.Chiaveri, N.Colonna, G.Corte, D.Cortina, A.Couture, J.Cox, S.Dababneh, M.Dahlfor, S.David, R.Dolfini, C.Domingo, I.Dura-Escribano, C.Eleftheriadi, M.Embid-Segura, L.Ferrant, A.Ferrari, L.Ferreira-Lourenco, R.Ferreira-Marque, H.Frais-Koelbl, W.Furman, Y.Giomatari, I.Goncalve, E.Gonzales-Romero, A.Goverdovski, F.Gramegna, E.Griiesmayer, F.GGunsing, R.Haight, M.Heil, A.Errera-Martinez, K.Ioannide, N.Janeva, E.Jericha, Y.Kadi, F.Kappeler, D.Karamani, A.Kelic, V.Ketlerov, G.Kiti, P.Koehler, V.Konovalov, E.Kossionide, V.Lacoste, H.Leeb, A.Lindote, I.Lope, M.Lozano, S.Lukic, S.Markov, S.Marrone, J.Martinez-Val, P.Mastinu, A.Mengoni, P.Milazzo, E.Minguez, C.Moreau, F.Neve, H.Oberhummer, S.O’Brien, J.Pancin, C.Paradela, A.Pavlik, P.Pavlopoulo, A.Perez-Parra, J.Perlado, L.Perrot, V.Peskov, R.Plag, A.Plomplen, A.Pluki, A.Poch, A.policarpo, C.Pretel, J.Quesada, M.Radici, W.Rapp, R.Reifarth, F.Rejmund, M.Rosetti, C.Rubbia, G.Rudolf, P.Rullhusen, J.Salgado, E.Savvidi, C.Stephan, G.Tagliente, J.Tain, C.Tapia, L.Tassan-Got, L.Tavora, M.Terrani, N.Tsanga, G.Vannini, P.Vaz, A.Ventura, D.Villamarin-Fernandez, M.Vincente-Vincente, V.Vlachoudi, R.Vlastou, F.Vo, H.Wendler, M.Wiescher, K.Wisshak, and L.Zanini

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, TheoryofComputation_COMPUTATIONBYABSTRACTDEVICES, Monte Carlo method, NUCLEAR PHYSICS, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], ComputingMethodologies_ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE, 01 natural sciences, monte carlo simulations, Cross section (physics), Optics, 0103 physical sciences, neutron capture cross-sections, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Pulse height, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Liquid scintillation counting, Detector, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, Experimental validation, NEUTRON CROSS SECTIONS, pulse height weighting technique, c6d6 scintillation detectors, Weighting, Neutron capture, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, business
Abstract

The accuracy of the pulse height weighting technique for the determination of neutron capture cross-sections is investigated. The technique is applied to measurements performed with C6D6 liquid scintillation detectors of two different types using capture samples of various dimensions. The data for well-known (n, gamma) resonances are analyzed using weighting functions obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental set-up. Several causes of systematic deviation are identified and their effect is quantified. In all the cases measured the reaction yield agrees with the standard value within 2%. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Published
2004

40. Low-temperature performance of a large area avalanche photodiode

Author

V. Chepel, M.I. Lopes, V. N. Solovov, F. Neves, R.F. Marques, and A.J.P.L. Policarpo

Subjects
Light detector, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Photodetectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Avalanche photodiode, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Noise figure, 01 natural sciences, Low intensity light, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Photodiode, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Excess noise factor, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A Large Area Avalanche Photodiode (LAAPD) was studied, aiming to access its performance as light detector at low temperatures, down to -80 C. The excess noise factor, F, was measured and found to be approximately independent of the temperature. A linear dependence of F on the APD gain with a slope of 0.00239 +/- 0.00008 was observed for gains above 100. The detection of low intensity light pulses, producing only a few primary electron-hole pairs in the photodiode, is reported., 16 pages, 7 figures; was presented at 3-rd conference "New Developments in Photodetection" Beaune, France, June 17-21, 2002; submitted to NIM

Published
2003

41. Liquid-xenon γ-camera with ionisation readout

Author

V. N. Solovov, F. Neves, R. Ferreira Marques, M.I. Lopes, A.J.P.L. Policarpo, and V. Chepel

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Position resolution, Computation, Metal strips, chemistry.chemical_element, Optics, Xenon, Successful operation, chemistry, Ionization, Slab, Perpendicular, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The successful operation of a liquid-xenon ionisation chamber with imaging capability is reported. A bi-dimensional readout based on a mini-strip plate—a glass slab with metal strips deposited along two perpendicular directions—was developed and studied both experimentally and by computation. An image of a 122 keV γ-source of 5 mm diameter was obtained with a liquid-xenon ionisation chamber equipped with such readout. A position resolution better than 2 mm was achieved.

Published
2002

42. Two-dimensional readout in a liquid xenon ionisation chamber

Author

A.J.P.L. Policarpo, M.I. Lopes, V. N. Solovov, R. Ferreira Marques, A. Pereira, and V. Chepel

Subjects
Ionisation chamber, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), chemistry.chemical_element, Gamma-ray detection, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Full width at half maximum, Xenon, chemistry, Ionization, medicine, Measuring instrument, Tomography, Liquid xenon, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Emission computed tomography
Abstract

A two-dimensional readout with metal strips deposited on both sides of a glass plate is investigated aiming to assess the possibility of its use in a liquid xenon ionisation chamber for positron emission tomography. Here, we present results obtained with an [alpha]-source. It is shown that position resolution of [less-than-or-equals, slant]1 mm, fwhm, can be achieved for free charge depositions equivalent to those due to [gamma]-rays with energy from 220 down to 110 keV. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-45F4WHB-R/1/f1ebd065662334c6319e5191e97c1498

Published
2002

43. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author

S. J. Haselschwardt, A. J. Bailey, T. J. Sumner, D. J. Taylor, P. Sorensen, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Pangilinan, J.J. Chapman, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Hanhardt, Daniel McKinsey, M. Woods, Chao Zhang, E. K. Pease, A. Bernstein, S. Fiorucci, C. Silva, N. Walsh, M. Horn, A. Dobi, P. Phelps, H. N. Nelson, K. Kazkaz, V. N. Solovov, C. Chiller, Ethan Bernard, A.A. Chiller, V. M. Gehman, A. W. Bradley, R. A. Ott, S. A. Hertel, B. Lenardo, Mani Tripathi, E. Druszkiewicz, M. Moongweluwan, A. Lindote, N.A. Larsen, D. S. Akerib, L. Reichhart, K. Pech, K.R. Gibson, F.L.H. Wolfs, P. D. Parker, X. Bai, A. Currie, A. St. J. Murphy, K. O`Sullivan, Henrique Araujo, J. Mock, R. C. Webb, J. T. White, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, C. Chan, B. P. Tennyson, R. J. Gaitskell, C. R. Hall, M.I. Lopes, J. E. Y. Dobson, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, F. Neves, C. E. Flores, R. L. Mannino, R. Knoche, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, J. Balajthy, C. H. Faham, J.R. Verbus, R.G. Jacobsen, C. Ghag, L. de Viveiros, D. Q. Huang, B. N. Edwards, Michael S. Witherell, D. M. Mei, D. Byram, D.C. Malling, C. Nehrkorn, Sidney Cahn, Matthew Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Large Underground Xenon experiment, WIMP, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic, Physics, Particles & Fields, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Recoil, Xenon, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, DETECTORS, Nuclear, Nuclear Science & Technology, Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Physics, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, Scattering, RUN, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, chemistry, Physical Sciences, Liquid xenon, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370 kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.

Published
2014

44. Study of large area avalanche photodiode for detecting liquid xenon scintillation

Author

R. Ferreia Marques, V. N. Solovov, M.I. Lopes, V. Chepel, and A.J.P.L. Policarpo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, business.industry, Photodetector, chemistry.chemical_element, Biasing, Avalanche photodiode, Xenon, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Dark current, Voltage
Abstract

A large area avalanche photodiode (LAAPD) has been investigated as a possible photosensor for detecting liquid xenon scintillation. The LAAPD proved to be operational at the temperature of liquid xenon (down to -105/spl deg/C) with the dark current significantly reduced with respect to that at room temperature (less than 1 pA versus 30 nA at 20/spl deg/C). The bias voltage needed to achieve a certain gain is found to decrease linearly with decreasing temperature at a rate of 2.3 V//spl deg/C.

Published
2000

45. The liquid xenon detector for PET: recent results

Author

L. Janeiro, V. N. Solovov, M.I. Lopes, A.J.P.L. Policarpo, Paulo Crespo, D. R. dos Santos, R. Ferreira Marques, V. Chepel, and J. van der Marel

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, medicine.diagnostic_test, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Medical Physics, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Biomedical equipment, Medical instrumentation, Nuclear physics, Optics, Xenon, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Positron emission tomography, Ionization, medicine, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Gamma ray detection
Abstract

A multiwire ionisation chamber filled with liquid xenon as a position sensitive detector for Positron Emission Tomography is studied. Both xenon scintillation, which provides a fast trigger, and ionisation charge for position and energy measurements are read. The detection efficiency of the detector is assessed in separate measurements of the probability of detection of the scintillation light and the charge signals due to 511 keV gamma-rays. These were measured to be about 1 and 0.82, respectively.

Published
1999

46. Pulse shape analysis in the liquid xenon multiwire ionisation chamber for PET

Author

Paulo Crespo, L. Janeiro, M.I. Lopes, R.F. Marques, A.J.P.L. Policarpo, and V. Chepel

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), chemistry.chemical_element, Signal, Pulse (physics), Xenon, Amplitude, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Ionization, Waveform, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

A method of computation of the pulse shape in an ionisation chamber with wire collectors has been developed and verified experimentally with a test chamber. Good agreement between the calculated waveforms and the acquired signals is obtained. Having proved its reliability, the same method was applied to study the dependence of the signal pulse shape and amplitude on the location of primary ionisation due to 511 keV /spl gamma/-rays in the liquid xenon multiwire ionisation chamber for PET. A method of real-time amplitude correction for this effect is suggested, resulting in significant improvement of energy resolution. The simulated resolution for 511 keV /spl gamma/-rays is 15%.

Published
1998

47. Performance study of liquid xenon detector for PET

Author

M.I. Lopes, A. Kuchenkov, V. Chepel, R. Ferreira Marques, and A.J.P.L. Policarpo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, business.industry, Detector, Resolution (electron density), chemistry.chemical_element, Particle detector, Full width at half maximum, Optics, Xenon, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Ionization chamber, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution
Abstract

The coincidence time resolution and the intrinsic position resolution along the electron drift direction of a liquid xenon multiwire ionization chamber for PET were measured, being, respectively, 1.5 ns (fwhm) and 0.5 mm (fwhm). Data on the low temperature performance of a photomultiplier tube operating on the VUV are presented.

Published
1997

48. Measurement and simulation of the muon-induced neutron yield in lead

Author

A. Hollingsworth, V. A. Belov, C. Ghag, S. M. Paling, Catarina Silva, Henrique Araujo, V. N. Lebedenko, P. Majewski, N. J. T. Smith, P.F. Smith, V. N. Stekhanov, V. N. Solovov, A. Bewick, Rodney Walker, D.Yu. Akimov, A. St. J. Murphy, A. Currie, E. J. Barnes, B. N. Edwards, M. Horn, M.I. Lopes, C. Thorne, F. Neves, T. J. Sumner, A. S. Kobyakin, L. Reichhart, A. G. Kovalenko, J. J. Quenby, Robert D. Preece, L. DeViveiros, P.R. Scovell, J. Pinto da Cunha, G.E. Kalmus, V. A. Kudryavtsev, V. Francis, V. Chepel, A. A. Burenkov, A. Lindote, and R. Lüscher

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ZEPLIN-III, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Neutron temperature, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Neutron capture, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A measurement is presented of the neutron production rate in lead by high energy cosmic-ray muons at a depth of 2850 m water equivalent (w.e.) and a mean muon energy of 260 GeV. The measurement exploits the delayed coincidences between muons and the radiative capture of induced neutrons in a highly segmented tonne scale plastic scintillator detector. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations reproduce well the measured capture times and multiplicities and, within the dynamic range of the instrumentation, the spectrum of energy deposits. By comparing measurements with simulations of neutron capture rates a neutron yield in lead of (5.78^{+0.21}_{-0.28}) x 10^{-3} neutrons/muon/(g/cm^{2}) has been obtained. Absolute agreement between simulation and data is of order 25%. Consequences for deep underground rare event searches are discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures

Published
2013
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49. Performance analysis based on a Monte Carlo simulation of a liquid xenon PET detector

Author

M.I. Lopes, A.J.P.L. Policarpo, R. Ferreira Marques, V. Chepel, and João Carvalho

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Physics::Medical Physics, Monte Carlo method, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Xenon, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Positron emission tomography, Scintillation counter, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, medicine, Measuring instrument, Tomography, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Emission computed tomography
Abstract

Some aspects of the performance of a liquid xenon PET detector prototype were studied by means of Monte Carlo simulation.

Published
1995

50. Liquid xenon multiwire chamber for positron tomography

Author

M.I. Lopes, H.M. Araujo, V.Yu. Chepel, A.J.P.L. Policarpo, M.A.F. Alves, and R. Ferreira Marques

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Scintillation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Cathode, law.invention, Anode, Xenon, Optics, Positron, chemistry, law, Ionization, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The liquid xenon multiwire chamber has been proposed as a detector of 511 keV gamma-photons for positron emission tomography (PET). Both the scintillation and the ionization signal, read from the anode wires, are used. A test chamber of about 300 cm3 and containing six multiwire ionization cells has been built. The cell is formed by two plane cathodes, 10 mm apart, and 20 anode wires spaced by 2.5 mm tied to pairs resulting in 10 channels, read out independently. The first experiments were performed for a single cell. The number of the anode wire on which the signal is induced gives the depth of interaction in the detector with a precision of 5 mm. This is important information allowing one to reduce the parallax error and, therefore, to decrease the tomograph size and improve the solid angle. The position sensitivity across the cell (or along the tomograph ring) is achieved by measurement of the drift time of the electrons from the point of primary ionization to the anode, triggered by the scintillation detected with a photomultiplier tube. The scintillation also supplies a fast trigger for the coincidence analysis.

Published
1995

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