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There is comorbidity between anxiety disorders and gastrointestinal disorders, with both linked to adverse early life events. The microbiome gut-brain-axis, a bidirectional communication system, is plastic throughout the neonatal period and is a possible mediator of this relationship. Here, we used a well-established neonatal rodent immune activation model to investigate the long-term effect of neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on adult behaviour and the relationship to microbiome composition. Wistar rats were injected with LPS (0.05 mg/kg) or saline (equivolume) on postnatal days 3 and 5. In adulthood, behavioural tests were performed to assess anxiety-like behaviour, and microbiota sequencing was performed on stool samples. There were distinctly different behavioural phenotypes for LPS-exposed males and females. LPS-exposed males displayed typical anxiety-like behaviours with significantly decreased social interaction (F

We report the technique we used in extraction of a femoral intramedullary nail with impacted nail cap. The extraction was done using a damaged screw extraction device and a bone hook, with no additional bone or soft tissue damage. This technique has not been reported before in the literature. We also review the cases reported for difficult nail extractions due to impacted nail end caps., Bu çalışmada, gömülü başıyla femoral intramedüller çivinin çıkarılması esnasında kullandığımız tekniği bildirmeyi amaçladık. Hasarlanmış vida çıkarma aygıtı ve kemik kancası kullanarak çıkarma işlemi tamamlanmış ve ek kemik ya da yumuşak doku hasarı meydana gelmemiştir. Bu teknik, literatürde daha önce bildirilmemiştir. Gömülü çivi başlarından dolayı oluşan zor çivi çıkarma olgularını da ayrıca gözden geçirdik

A 23-year-old healthy laborer involved in a work-related injury, sustained excessive left ankle plantarflexion, which resulted in closed rupture of the extensor hallucis longus muscle without any predisposing factors. He had an associated fracture of the second metatarsal shaft. The muscle proximal to the musculotendinous junction was excised, and the tendon was looped through a longitudinal slit in the main extensor digitorum communis tendon and sutured to it. The second metatarsal fracture was fixed with Kirschner wires. The patient regained full function and was symptom free 6 months after surgery.