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The large diversity of irrigated agricultural areas hinders the development of social consensus and complicates decision-making about the allocation of investments for irrigation modernization. A classification of irrigated areas permits the identification and mapping of different categories and reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each category regarding specific criteria. This paper proposes a binomial (genus and species) classification methodology of irrigated areas, which was designed based on a participatory approach. Four internal properties determine the genus: type of water source, type of water energy, on-farm irrigation method and water availability. Four external properties classify the variability within each genus into species: land tenure, crop type, existence of an environmental protection figure and socio-economic level. The words used for the genus and specific name arise from the concatenation of syllables representing the state or level of each property. The method was applied to the irrigated area of the Ebro river basin in the Aragón region of Spain (ERB-Aragón). A total of 435,851 ha were classified. A large part of the irrigated land uses surface water (94 %), does not have water availability problems (80 %), is not affected by environmental protection figures (97 %), is devoted to field crops (86 %), and manifests a low (45 %) or moderate (41 %) socio-economic level. A total of 24 genera and 126 species were identified. The two most representative genera are SurGraFloVe (31 %) and SurPumPreVe (27 %), and the two main species are SurGraFloVe DisCeNoLo (19 %) and SurPumPreVe ConCeNoMo (19 %). These species received the local names of “Ribera del Ebro” and “Alto Aragonés” to facilitate policy discussions. The application of the method to the ERB-Aragón provides a privileged insight that can support policy analyses and guide institutional intervention. The proposed methodology can be adapted to other areas of the world by adjusting criteria and categories to local conditions., This research was funded by the Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment of the Regional Government of Aragón through the Rural Development Programme grant GGO2017E03200.

ANEURISMA DE ARTERIA MESENTERICA SUPERIOR POR DISPLASIA FIBROMUSCULAR Resumen Introduccion. Los aneurismas de arterias viscerales son patologias poco comunes, estimandose su incidencia en un 0,01-2%. Su localizacion mas frecuente es la arteria esplenica (60%), seguida de la arteria hepatica (20%). La localizacion en la mesenterica superior supone menos de un 5% de todos los aneurismas viscerales. Rara vez son sintomaticos, por lo que su diagnostico suele ser un hallazgo casual. Su origen mas frecuente es infeccioso, siendo la displasia fibromuscular una ele las causas mas raras. El tratamiento de eleccion es el quirurgico, ya sea mediante cirugia abierta o tecnica endovascular, por el riesgo de rotura que supone una alta mortalidad. Caso clinico. Mujer de 27 anos diagnosticada de un aneurisma de arteria mesenterica superior tras varios episodios de dolor abdominal cuyo origen fue una displasia fibromuscular. Conclusion. La paciente fue tratada quirurgicamente mediante interposicion de un injerto de vena safena, con buen resultado. iANGIOLOGIA 2009; 61: 229-33]

Introduction. This study has aimed to know the influence that the specific contingency of patients with whiplash has on its evolution course and its medical-working prognosis to establish the most appropriate guideline to im- prove its therapeutic treatment. Material and methods. Part of this study was used to record the clinical evolution of patients with whiplash ac- cording to type of contingency that led to temporal incapaci- ty. Some parameters related with the clinical course of this condition that could have a negative influence on the duration of the disability were evaluated. Results. Patients with temporal incapacity due to a working accident started rehabilitation earlier, needed fewer sessions and were able to get back to their working activity sooner than patients on sick leave due to common illness. In the lat- ter group, the delay to be referred to the gym and the longer elapsed time from the time they were discharged from rehab to when they got medical authorization to restart their working activity determines a longer period of working dis- ability and significantly higher socioeconomical and working impact. Conclusions. The possibility of shortening the mean times between the time of accident to return to work in the final medical evaluation may improve the clinical response to the treatment administered, and reduce the high cost associated to a longer period of working incapacity for patients diag- nosed with whiplash.

Resumen Introduccion El proposito de este estudio es obtener unos valores de fuerza muscular que sirvan de referencia para definir de forma precisa la situacion funcional de un determinado paciente y poder establecer la capacidad para retornar a sus actividades previas, dada la elevada frecuencia de procesos patologicos que se acompanan de una deficiencia muscular incompatible con la practica laboral. Material y metodo Se ha llevado a cabo un analisis dirigido a registrar la fuerza de agarre del puno, pinza lateral y pinza distal en una poblacion laboral, compuesta por 224 pacientes, en situacion de incapacidad temporal por una patologia de la extremidad superior, empleando para ello un dinamometro electronico que permite medir en kilogramos la fuerza muscular bilateral de puno, pinza lateral y pinza distal, mediante la realizacion de una serie de repeticiones separadas por breves pausas de tiempo. Resultados Los varones obtuvieron unos valores promedio mas elevados que las mujeres en los diferentes gestos de fuerza analizados. Tanto en el grupo de varones como en el de mujeres, los valores promedio de fuerza muscular fueron superiores en el lado dominante en comparacion con el lado no dominante. Los mayores valores de fuerza muscular se registraron en las decadas tercera a quinta, disminuyendo de una forma gradual a partir de dicha edad. Conclusiones Deberian establecerse valores normales de referencia de la fuerza muscular de puno y pinza que permitieran determinar el nivel funcional de un paciente, asi como valorar la respuesta a un tratamiento especifico de rehabilitacion.

Spectroscopic techniques have been used to study the conformations of several synthetic peptides with sequences corresponding to the repeat regions of the circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium vivax, variants vk-210 and vk-247. As has previously been shown for P. falciparum, turn-like folded conformations are observed, in rapid dynamic equilibrium with extended-chain forms. These results are consistent with the known similarity of the structural, biosynthetic and immunological properties of the circumsporozoite proteins of different plasmodial species. Additionally, the observation of folded conformers provides a rationale for the effectiveness of these peptides as immunogens and potential vaccines.

Resumen Las lesiones medulares, en funcion de su etiologia, se pueden dividir en dos grandes grupos que incluirian las de causa traumatica (responsables del 70% de las paraplejias adquiridas del adulto) y las de causa medica, incluyendo en este segundo grupo, la patologia propia de la medula (tumores, infecciones, esclerosis en placas, lesiones vasculares) y la patologia derivada de una compresion extrinseca (epiduritis infecciosa o neoplasica, tumor o parasitosis osea y espondilodiscitis). La patologia vascular medular es menos frecuente que la cerebral, siendo su incidencia real desconocida. La forma habitual de presentacion clinica es una tetra- o paraplejia flacida de comienzo brusco, frecuentemente con dolor por debajo del nivel de la lesion, perdida de la sensibilidad infralesional y afectacion de la funcion esfinteriana. Presentamos el caso clinico de un paciente con una paraplejia completa secundaria a una hemorragia medular en el contexto probable de un Sindrome de Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber, proceso poco frecuente caracterizado por la presencia de malformaciones vasculares en una extremidad, junto con una hipertrofia de los tejidos blandos y/o oseos y lesiones cutaneas.

[EN] Introduction In spite of the relationship existing between exposure to physical workload and incidence of injuries, the aspects related with work activity has been sufficiently considered in studies on the effectiveness of back schools. This study has aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a back school program oriented at workers, analyzing variables associated with exposure to physical workload. Material and methods A total of 319 subjects with low back pain or neck pain participating in the back school between November 2006 and November 2009 were included. The effectiveness of the back school was evaluated by means of a patient satisfaction questionnaire, and by assessment of pain and impairment with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry questionnaire, respectively. Results We have identified two workload factors related to pain and impairment at the beginning of the treatment. The comparison of VAS and Oswestry scores before and after the program shows significant improvement. However, this improvement is associated with the initial scores and with physical workload factors. Conclusions It is possible that the improvement with unspecific measures as training and exercises in a back school may not be equally effective for patients who are exposed to greater physical demands at work., [ES] Introducción A pesar de la relación existente entre la exposición a carga física en el trabajo y la incidencia de lesiones, los aspectos relacionados con la actividad laboral no han sido suficientemente considerados en los estudios sobre la eficacia de las escuelas de espalda (EE). El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el efecto de las variables asociadas a la exposición a carga física en el trabajo sobre la eficacia de un programa de EE orientado a trabajadores. Material y métodos Se incluyó a 319 sujetos con lumbalgia o cervicalgia que participaron en la Escuela de Espalda de Ibermutuamur durante un periodo de 3 años (2006-2009). La efectividad de la EE se ha evaluado mediante cuestionarios de satisfacción, así como a partir de la mejora funcional y el dolor. Resultados Se han identificado dos factores asociados a la carga física relacionados con la incapacidad y el dolor al iniciar el tratamiento. La comparación entre los valores iniciales y finales de las puntuaciones de la escala visual analógica (EVA) y del cuestionario de Oswestry muestra una mejora significativa tras el programa de EE. Sin embargo, dicha mejora está relacionada con la situación inicial y con la exposición a los factores de carga en el trabajo. Conclusiones Es posible que las mejoras asociadas a medidas generales, como la formación y los ejercicios propuestos en una escuela de espalda, no sean igualmente eficaces para trabajadores que parten de una situación funcional peor o que están expuestos a mayor carga física en el trabajo.

In this paper we generalize the Continuous Adversarial Queuing Theory (CAQT) model [5] by considering the possibility that the router clocks in the network are not synchronized. Clearly, this new extension to the model only affects those scheduling policies that use some form of timing. First, if all clocks run at the same speed, maintaining constant differences, we show that all universally stable policies in CAQT that use the injection time and the remaining path to schedule packets remain universally stable. These policies include, for instance, Shortest in System (SIS) and Longest in System (LIS). Then, if clock differences can vary over time, but difference is bounded, we show the universal stability of SIS and a family of policies related to LIS. The bounds we obtain in this case depend on the maximum difference between clocks. We then present a new policy that we call Longest in Queues (LIQ), which gives priority to the packet that has been waiting the longest in edge queues. This policy is universally stable and, if clocks maintain constant differences, the bounds do not depend on them. To finish, we provide with simulation results that compare the behavior of some of these protocols in a network with stochastic injection of packets.

10 Pags, 4 Tabls, 1 Fig., Irrigation contributes to the pollution of water bodies through the pollutant loads in the irrigation return flows. Establishing the relationship between changing irrigation and agricultural practices and pollutant loads over long periods may help to identify the irrigation-related factors that most affect water quality. This paper aims to ascertain the statistical performance of 5 salt and nitrate load estimators based on the long-term monthly records of the surface water quality monitoring network (SWQ) of the Ebro Basin Authority (CHE). These estimates were compared with daily estimates in the Arba River monitoring station at Tauste (taken as reference loads), included in the newer irrigation return flows network (ReCor-Ebro; R-E) during April 2004 to September 2010. Three estimation methods used grab-samples monthly TDSi and NO3i from the SWQ network (multiplied by instant, Qi, mean daily, Qd, or monthly, Qm, flows), whilst the other two were the product of the regression estimates of TDS and NO3 from Qd by Qd or Qm. The instant concentrationbased models were also tested with daily data from the R-E network, with more complete records. The regression estimators performed better than the models based on instant samples for salt loads. But for nitrogen loads, the estimators based on NO3i and Qd or Qm also performed well when drawing data from the more complete R-E data series. Although the biases for the 5 methods were not significant; only these estimators presented errors low enough to allow their use in generating reliable load time series., This work was supported by the collaboration protocol between the Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro and Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA-DGA).