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A 250-MHz single-chip multiprocessor, which can implement multichannel decoding, encoding, and transcoding of various audio and video standards, was fabricated using 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and consumes 2.38 W at 2.5 V. The multiprocessor integrates four processors and 64-kB shared level-2 cache and exploits coarse-grained parallelism inherent in audio and video signal processing with multithreaded programming. Three coprocessors and scratch-pad memory have been added to each processing element and perform subword parallel processing, background data transfer, and bitstream processing for audio and video signal processing. Useful-skew and clock gating have been utilized to achieve high-speed operation and low power consumption. Consequently, the multiprocessor achieves MPEG2 (MP@HL) video decoding at 20 frames/s.

Three-nucleon transfer by the [sup 7]Li([alpha],[ital p])[sup 10]Be reaction at 65 MeV has been carried out with good resolution. A cluster model is compared to the data with the aid of zero-range distorted wave Born approximation reaction calculations, finding consistent spectroscopic factors for low-lying [ital K]=0[sup +] and 1[sup [minus]] bands. Large cluster spectroscopic factors are found for the states at 17.74 and 18.54 MeV that serve as resonances for reactions between [sup 3]H and [sup 7]Li at low energies of astrophysical importance. A research for states very near threshold found no transitions that significantly alter the important astrophysical reaction rate.

A number of 6 − and 5 − states in 26 Al were studied in the region of excitation energy 5–15 MeV with the 24 Mg(α, d) 26 Al reaction at E α = 63.7 MeV. The data were analyzed within the framework of zero-range DWBA theory for a macroscopic deuteron-cluster transfer as well as for a microscopic two-nucleon transfer, and compared with our previous results on the 25 Mg( 3 He, d) 26 Al reaction. Several 6 − and 5 − states are newly proposed. Five 6 − states previously assigned as T = 1 were weakly observed in the present (α, d) reaction, which should excite only T = 0 states. The isospin breaking (α, d) transition to the 6 − 1 , T = 1 state was found to be an order of magnitude larger than a second-order exact-finite-range DWBA calculation for the successive transfer processes of ( α - 3 He-d) and ( α -t-d).

The (\ensuremath{\alpha}${,}^{3}$He) and (\ensuremath{\alpha},t) reactions on $^{16,17,18}\mathrm{O}$ were studied at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$=65 MeV. Measured cross sections for the states up to 15 MeV in the residual nuclei were analyzed with the distorted wave Born approximation theory. Many spin-parity and isospin assignments were proposed based on the strengths, angular distributions, and excitation energies. Nearly equal spectroscopic factors were obtained for bound and unbound analog pairs except for the ${2}_{1}^{+}$, T=1 states in $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{18}\mathrm{F}$. Almost full strengths were observed for the 0${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$, 1${\mathit{s}}_{1/2}$, and 0${\mathit{d}}_{3/2}$ transfers. The obtained spectroscopic factors for the 0${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$ and 1${\mathit{s}}_{1/2}$ transfers were in good agreement with shell-model calculations, while the agreement was unsatisfactory for the 0${\mathit{d}}_{3/2}$ transfer in many respects. The ${\mathit{d}}_{3/2}$ strengths in $^{17}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{17}\mathrm{F}$ were more fragmented than the shell-model prediction, while only half of the expected 0${\mathit{d}}_{3/2}$ strength was found in $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{O}$. The strength to the first excited 3/${2}^{+}$, T=1/2 state in $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ was twice that predicted. Spectroscopic factors for many 0${\mathit{f}}_{7/2}$ transitions were also deduced. The 14.1 and 14.3 MeV states in $^{18}\mathrm{O}$, in particular, proposed to be the stretched ${6}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ states in a recent (e,e') experiment, were found to be excited by pure l=3 transfer with spectroscopic factors 0.16 and 0.05, respectively.

The nuclear level structure of 21Mg has been studied by the 24Mg(3He, 6He)21Mg reaction at 74 MeV. Angular distributions of the three-nucleon transfer reaction (3He, 6He) are measured for the first time, and successfully analyzed with exact finite-range distorted-wave-Born-approximation calculations, giving clear transferred angular momentum assignments. More than 20 states have been identified with excitation energy and spin-parity determinations, including a possible s-wave resonance just above the proton threshold. One of the s-wave resonances assumed in the previous stellar reaction rate estimates is found to be a bound state. The stellar reaction rate of the 20Na(p, γ)21Mg process is estimated using the experimental data. The results predict the ignition of the proton radiative-capture process at T = 1×108K under typical nova conditions (hydrogen density, XHϱ = 5×105 g/cm3). This temperature happens to be in agreement with the previous theoretical estimates, but the new reaction rate is a few orders of magnitude smaller than the previous predictions for T ⋍ 2–10×10 8 K . The results also suggest that the nucleosynthesis flow of the rapid-proton process will run up to 21Mg immediately after breakout from the hot-CNO cycle.

We studied the effects of a synthetic adrenocortical steroid, dexamethasone, on the development of experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Daily intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (0.125 mg/day) remarkably inhibited the aortic atherosclerosis induced by feeding a 1% cholesterol-rich diet for 8 weeks, although it aggravated diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Histologically, less foam cell accumulation was observed in the atherosclerotic lesions of the dexamethasone-treated rabbits as compared with the control animals. When rabbits were fed a normal chow diet for 10 weeks after receiving the 1% cholesterol-rich diet for 8 weeks, no regression of atherosclerotic lesions was observed with the daily injection of dexamethasone (0.125 mg/day); however, the drug again tended to inhibit further progression of atherosclerosis. The anti-atherogenic mechanism of dexamethasone may involve an inhibition of recruitment of blood monocytes and the insudation of atherogenic lipoproteins, mainly beta-very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) in the present experiments, into the aortic intima, or it may involve a change in the size and structure of the lipoproteins, resulting in their decreased passage through the aortic endothelium into the intima.

The {sup 24}Mg({alpha},{ital d}){sup 26}Al reaction leading to the 0.23 MeV 0{sub 1}{sup +}, {ital T}=1 and the 3.16 MeV 2{sub 2}{sup +}, {ital T}=1 states were measured at {ital E}{sub {alpha}}=64.7 MeV. Cross sections for these isospin-forbidden transitions were compared with exact-finite-range second-order distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations for successive-transfer processes ({alpha}-{sup 3}He-{ital d}) and ({alpha}-{ital t}-{ital d}). The DWBA calculation with spectroscopic amplitudes obtained from the full {ital sd}-shell model was found to underestimate the cross section for the 0{sup +} state by a factor of 200, while a normalization factor of 10 was obtained for the 2{sup +} state. About 5% isospin impurity in the 0{sup +} state of {sup 26}Al was required to obtain the same normalization for the 0{sup +} state.

The {sup 20}Ne(p,t)h{sup 18}Ne reaction has been studied in order to investigate the properties of {sup 18}Ne excited states. A missing 3{sup +} state of {sup 18}Ne, which could have a great influence on the {sup 17}F(p,{gamma})h{sup 18}Ne reaction rate, was searched for, but the existence of this state was not clearly verified. The spins and parities of the 5.11- and 5.15-MeV states were assigned tentatively by angular distribution measurements, as 2{sup +} and 3{sup {minus}}, respectively. We were able to resolve the doublets at 4.5, 5.1, and 6.3 MeV clearly for the first time due to our high precision system, which allowed us to determine the widths of some critical states above the proton threshold of {sup 18}Ne more precisely. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}

The atomic mass excess of {sup 187}Ir is determined to be {minus}39.725{plus minus}0.007 MeV from the measured {ital Q} value of {minus}1.521{plus minus}0.006 MeV for the {sup 187}Os({sup 3}He,{ital t}){sup 187}Ir reaction. The result is compared with some predicted values.

The (\ensuremath{\alpha}${,}^{3}$He) and (\ensuremath{\alpha},t) reactions on $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}$ were measured at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$=50 MeV. Cross sections obtained for 57 positive parity states in $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ were analyzed within the framework of the exact-finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation and compared to the full s-d shell model predictions. Reasonable agreement between the experimental strengths and the theory was obtained for the low lying states. Deviations of factors of 2 or more were found for some high lying ${2}^{+}$, ${3}^{+}$, and ${4}^{+}$ states in $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ and especially for the ${1}_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$. The spectroscopic factors for the transitions to the analog states in $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ were compared between these reactions. The same strength was obtained for the ${6}_{1}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, T=1 state in $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$, whereas an enhancement of about 30% was observed for the ${0}_{1}^{+}$ and ${3}_{1}^{+}$, T=1 states in $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$. Further, ${1}^{+}$ states in $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ proposed around ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$=10 MeV through the (p,p') reaction were also observed in the $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}$(\ensuremath{\alpha}${,}^{3}$He) reaction without the special enhancement for the 10.6 MeV ${1}^{+}$ state seen in the (p,p') reaction. The total observed strengths for neutron stripping to the positive-parity states in the region of ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$=0--11 MeV almost attained the limit of the pure j-j coupling scheme. Those for the proton stripping were 70% of the limit in the region of ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$=0--8 MeV.

The 16O( p , p ′ ) reaction was studied with a 35 MeV polarized proton beam. The cross sections and analyzing powers for excited states in 16O up to and including the 2−, T = 1 state at 12.97 MeV were measured and compared with DWBA calculations. Both density-independent and densitydependent effective interactions were used in the calculations. Transition densities calculated using shell-model amplitudes and Woods-Saxon single-particle wave functions give poor accounts of the data. The use of macroscopic transition densities obtained from electron scattering data give a much better description of the data, especially when used in combination with the densitydependent interaction.

The 14C(p, t)12C reaction leading to the states in 12C in the region of excitation energy Ex = 0–19 MeV was studied at Ep = 40.3 MeV. The data were analyzed within the framework of exact-finite-range first and second-order DWBA calculations using Op-shell-model wave functions. The transitions to the T = 0 states of natural parity were found to require 3 times more enhancement than those to the T = 1 states. Angular distributions of cross sections for the 1+ states were reproduced by including two-step processes such as (p-d-t) and (p, t) (t, t'), but their absolute values were underestimated in the present analysis. The (p, t) transitions to the 3− and 4+ states, which are forbidden by the direct pickup process in the Op-shell-model space, were also investigated. The transition to the α-cluster-like 7.65 MeV 0+2 state was explained reasonably by a multistep process via the 4.44 MeV 2+ state of 12C.

Cross sections for the neutron pickup reaction 14C(p, d)13C were measured at Ep = 35.0 MeV for the states below E = 10 MeV, and at Ep = 40.1 MeV for the states between Ex = 11 and 18 MeV. Obtained angular distributions were compared with exact finite-range DWBA calculations to extract spectroscopic factors. Second-order DWBA calculations were also made in some cases. Almost full 0p 1 2 strength was found, while the observed 0p 3 2 strength was 80% of the simple sum-rule limit. The main part of the remaining strength was found in the 0d 5 2 orbit, and, in a lesser degree, in the 1s 1 2 and 0d 3 2 orbits. Small fractions of the 0f 5 2 and Og 9 2 strengths were also necessary to explain the angular-distribution shapes and the cross-section magnitudes of the predominantly multistep transitions to the 5− 2 and 5+ 2 states.

Today's interactive systems have provided sophisticated recovery tools that help protect users from their own mistakes. Although many graphical and direct manipulation user interfaces have undo/redo capabilities that allow the user to reverse erroneous actions, their undo/redo tools present only command history of textual representation which make if difficult for the user to identify the desired command and state. The authors present a way of visualizing the history of graphical editing systems, and an object-based history searching method for the graphical history, so that users would find it convenient and efficient to use undo/redo functions for their graphical manipulations. Considering that every change of the graphical editor window resembles an instance within a single continuum of visual history, they developed a visualized history view to this mechanism, listing "history snapshots"-the results to each command -to be presented as the command. They also found that it would be better if one provides several layouts of the history view to the user, in the case of different demands and situations. Considering the psychology of users when searching for a history command, they provide an object-grouped history searching method, in which only the history concerning a specified object is visible, for an efficient search. Supplemented with some other functions such as searching and turning over a comic strip, this visualized history will help users recall their operating history more easily and efficiently.

A 250 MHz single-chip multiprocessor integrates four CPUs with multimedia extended instructions on 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS and consumes 2.4 W at 2.5 V. This chip exploits both coarse- and fine-grained parallelism in A/V signal processing and implements various coded standards such as multi-channel MPEG2 (MP@ML) video decoding.

Circadian variations in chemotherapy toxicity and antitumor effects were investigated in experimental and clinical studies. In the experimental study, Balb/c mice bearing murine colon carcinoma Colon 26 were treated with 4 injections of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (80 mg/kg) at 0000 Hours After Light On (HALO), 0600 HALO, 1200 HALO and 1800 HALO. The antitumor effect of treatment at 0000 HALO (early resting phase) group was significantly better with lower toxicity than the 1200 HALO (early activity phase) group, resulting in significantly longer survival (p0.05). In the clinical study, the effect of circadian rhythm-modulated 5-FU plus leucovorin therapy was evaluated in an end-stage patient with recurrent gastric carcinoma. After continuous weekly infusion of 5-FU (1000 mg/m2/day x 2) was stopped because of its gastrointestinal toxicity, circadian rhythm-modulated chemotherapy (CRMC) was performed changing the dose of 5-FU to 666 mg/m2/day during the daytime (0500 to 1700) and to 1333 mg/m2/day from evening to night (1700 to 0500). The patient persevered with the 23 CRMC course without any signs of severe side effects and survived for nearly a year, suggesting the potential effect of CRMC in minimizing toxicity and prolonging survival.

To establish a murine model for house dust mite allergy to purified mite allergens, we studied the immune response to two major mite allergens, native Dermatophagoides farinae 1 (nDer f 1) and recombinant Der f 2 (rDer f 2), and crude mite extract in four mouse strains, A/J, BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C3H/He. Mice were immunized with mite extract, nDer f 1 or rDer f 2, three times at 2-week intervals. Then mice were examined to determine status of sensitization to the antigen. Anti-mite extract IgE production was induced in all strains, and plasma IgE concentration did not differ much among the four strains. In contrast, IgE response to nDer f 1 and rDer f 2 indicated an intra-strain difference. The A/J mice had high responses to both antigens, whereas BALB/c did not respond to rDer f 2. The C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice had moderate to low IgE responses to nDer f 1 and rDer f 2. Immediate airway constriction was provoked by inhalation of mite extract or rDer f 2 in sensitized mice, and the degree of the immediate response was almost proportional to antigen-specific IgE concentration. We concluded that immunization of inbred mice with nDer f 1 and rDer f 2 achieved sensitization to mite allergens. Among the four strains, A/J mice with H-2a haplotype were the highest responder to mite allergens.

The atomic mass excesses of $^{86}\mathrm{Zr}$ and $^{88}\mathrm{Mo}$ were determined to be -77.807\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.031 and -72.703\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.021 MeV from the measured Q values of -40.136\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.030 and -43.278\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020 MeV for the $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$(\ensuremath{\alpha}${,}^{8}$He${)}^{86}$Zr(g.s.) and $^{92}\mathrm{Mo}$(\ensuremath{\alpha}${,}^{8}$He${)}^{88}$Mo(g.s.) reactions. The results were compared with some predicted values.

Evaluation of surgery and multidisciplinary treatment for colorectal cancer was performed based on the review of the results of clinical trials. Although most improvement in prognosis for colorectal cancer patients was obtained by the development of surgical techniques until the mid-70's, further extended surgery could not have demonstrated the obvious improvement in survival after the 80's. In this regard, various multidisciplinary treatments were evaluated by a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Among those modalities, preoperative irradiation for rectal cancer, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colorectal cancer and biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil by methotrexate or leucovorin for advanced colorectal cancers proved to be significantly effective for improvement of prognosis. Clinical trials of immunochemotherapy using either levamisole or PSK for resected colorectal cancers, a trial of hepatic artery infusion for liver metastasis, and a trial of an adjuvant monoclonal antibody treatment, were also reported to demonstrate significant effects. For further progress in multidisciplinary treatment for colorectal cancers, standardization of the appropriate surgical technique for each stage of the disease is much anticipated.

Experimental investigation of critical nuclear reactions for the breakout off the Hot-CNO cycle are in progress. One is the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction, which could be the limiting reaction of the breakout at relatively low temperature (T

The correlation between S- and G2/M-phase fractions and MIB-1 index in meningiomas was investigated. Flow cytometric analyses were performed on cell suspensions from 81 samples of paraffin-embedded tissue from 29 patients with a total of 28 meningiomas and 1 hemangiopericytoma using the modified Hedley's method. Sections from the paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with anti-MIB-1 monoclonal antibody after microwave oven processing. Five hundreds cells were scored. Correlations between data were estimated using linear regression. DNA aneuploidy was present in 4/29 tumors. Mean S- and G2/M-phase fractions in the 25 nonrecurrent tumors were 1.77 and 4.76%, and in the recurrent tumors were 2.41 and 5.81%, respectively. The proliferative index (PI = S + G2/M fraction) was 6.52% in the nonrecurrent tumors and 8.29% in the recurrent tumors. The mean MIB-1 score in the nonrecurrent tumors was 1.25% and in the recurrent tumors was 2.69%. There was a linear correlation between percentage of S-phase fraction or PI and the MIB-1 score. Both methods are useful to assess the proliferative activity in meningioma.

It is necessary from a viewpoint of solar-terrestrial physics to study complex heliomagnetospheric structure and its solar cycle variation. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate large-scale structure of the solar magnetic fields, especially in relation to high-latitude prominences.

Twenty-four germinomas from which tumor sites were 11 pineal, 7 suprasellar, and 6 basal ganglial and thalamic (BG-T) were subjected. Humoral tumor markers of HCG, CEA and AFP were measured and compared with immunohistochemistries for these tumor markers along with PLAP, HPL and PKK1. Humoral tumor markers and immunohistochemistries did not always comprehend to each other. Difference of the survival rates among tumor sites was thought to be attributed to the variabilities in their histological, immunochemical and flow cytometric results.

Chromosomal assignments of genes for rat glutathione S-transferase Ya (GSTA1) and Yc subunits (GSTA2) were performed by Southern blot analyses of somatic cell hybrid DNAs. GSTA1 and GSTA2 were assigned to rat chromosomes 8 and 9, respectively.

A case of visual allesthesia is reported. A thirty-year-old right-handed man with a right temporo-occipital arteriovenous malformation underwent the surgery for extirpation of the lesion. Postoperatively he had left homonymous hemianopsia. Approximately 6 months after the surgery, he experienced the initial spell of generalized convulsion, followed by the episodes of visual allesthesia. He experienced illusory left hemonymous transpositions of objects viewed in the right homonymous field. The transposition occurred from normal to the defective visual field. The illusory image was palinoptic, persisting for up to several minutes after the real object was no longer in view. It was equal in shape with the original, and caused monocular diplopia. MRI showed a large area of postoperative changes. The lesion was located from the posterior half of the middle and inferior gyri of the right temporal lobe to the occipital and a part of the parietal cortex. And it extended into the right fusiform and lingual gyri. The right lateral geniculate body and the posterior part of thalamus were also involved. We speculated that this phenomenon may result from irritation of the affected brain and its surrounding areas, since the episode took place following the seizure.

A panel of 18 rat × mouse somatic cell hybrid clones segregating individual rat chromosomes in different combinations was used to assign 23 biochemical loci to rat chromosomes. The chromosomal locations for these 23 loci were determined as follows: GOT1 on rat chromosome 1; HAGH on 2; ACP2, ADA, GANC, ITPA, and SORD on 3; LDHB on 4; PEPB on 7; GLB1 and HEXA on 8; IDH1 on 9; UMPH2 on 10; GUSB on 12; FH and PEPC on 13; PEPS on 14; ESD and NP on 15; DIA4 on 19; and PP on 20. In addition, ACPI and GLOl were reassigned to rat chromosomes 6 and 20, respectively. The chromosomal assignments of these loci extends the known syntenic homologies among rats, mice, and humans.

Inhomogeneous Big Bang models1-4), which introduced inhomogeneities in baryon density in the quark-hadron phase transition, have succeeded in predicting synthesis of finite metallicity. Among the postulated dominant flow path3), which bypasses the A = 8 gap in the inhomogeneous models, the most unknown process is 8Li(α,n)1 1B. An experiments) for this process was recently reported which used the reverse reaction 11B(n,α)8Li. Some resonances were clearly observed, although crucial physical parameters such as total level widths and the spin-parities were not determined for the resonances. We have studied the property of these resonant states in 12B by using the direct reaction 9Be(α,p)12B.

Reported the case of a 73 year old female who was diagnosed as having a gastric cancer with malignant acanthosis nigricans and had a long survival, totaling about 8 years 6 months after operation. Further, her skin lesion completely disappeared. In general, a gastric cancer with malignant acanthosis nigricans is said to have a very poor prognosis and an analysis of recent cases has indicated that the average survival is about 10 months. The reason for such a bad prognosis is thought to be that the diagnosis of a gastric cancer with malignant acanthosis nigricans is usually determined only after the cancer is far advanced.

The density-dependent interaction based on the Bonn-J\"ulich G-matrix NN interaction was used in a distorted-wave Born approximation analysis of (p,p') and (p,n) data for p-shell nuclei at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$=35 MeV. Calculations with this interaction fit the data as well as the commonly used density-independent interaction M3Y and gave significant improvement for analyzing powers of unnatural-parity transitions. Most of the improvement was found to be due to the tensor part of the interaction.

The /sup 25/Mg(..cap alpha.., /sup 3/He)/sup 26/Mg reaction was used at 80.9 MeV to investigate the stretched 6/sup -/ states from the (d/sub 5/2//sup -1/,f/sub 7/2/) particle-hole configuration, which had been identified by inelastic electron scattering. The summed spectroscopic factors for the T = 1 6/sup -/ states are only about 27% of the expected strength and are to be compared to 85% of the extreme single model strength found in inelastic electron scattering. The T = 1 6/sup -/ spectroscopic strength is considerably more fragmented in the mass 26 system than it is in mass 28.

Low-lying octupole states of doubly-even 78–86Kr isotopes have been studied with inelastic scattering of 51.9 MeV protons. It is shown that in the doubly-even nuclei from Ge to Sr with N = 42–50, the lowest octupole vibrational energies of nuclei with equal neutron excess are almost the same. The transition strengths of these states increase with Z.

The in-plane α-α angular correlation of the reaction 12C(α, α')12C(4+)(α)8Be(0+) has been measured at an incident energy of 65 MeV. The correlation data were analyzed by coupled channel calculations on the basis of a rotator model. A strong sensitivity of the correlation function to the sign of the quadrupole and hexadecapole deformation parameters was found. The deformation parameters for 12C were determined to be β2 = −0.40±0.02 and β4 = +0.16±0.03.

A flow of charged microparticles was produced by a simple method of contact-charging and accelerating fine powder with an average diameter of about 1 μm. The thickness of the particle flux was measured by bombarding with 65 MeV alpha particles and detecting the elastically scattered beam. The obtained average target thickness for nickel was between 1014 and 1016 atoms/cm2, which is just the desirable value for an internal target in a cooler ring.

Electroweak gauge theories are discussed, using charge commutation relations and asymptotic symmetry. The mass of the second Z boson (m/sub 2/) in the SU(2)/sub L/ x U(1)/sub 1/ x U(1)/sub 2/ models is predicted using the W- and first-Z-boson masses (m/sub W/ and m/sub 1/) to be m/sub 2/ /sup 2/ = )3-r+((3-r)/sup 2/+4(r -1)(2-r) (1-c/sub theta/ /sup 2/r))/sup 1/2/)m/sub W/ 2 /2, where r = (m/sub 1//m/sub W/)/sup 2/ with 1 or approx. =(1.6--1.7)m/sub W/ by the recent data on s/sub theta/ and r from the p-barp collider experiments.

We discuss a supersymmetric preon model which predicts three families of quarks and leptons. An acceptable mass hierarchy among the three fermion generations arises from a combination of mass protection mechanism due to supersymmetry and chiral symmetry on the one hand, and a hierarchy in the sizes of the composites on the other hand. A metacolor force with a scale ΛMC⪢1 TeV binds the e- and the μ-families while a hypercolor force with a scale ΛHC ∼ 1 TeV binds the τ-family; it also breaks chiral symmetry dynamically.

The atomic mass excess of /sup 193/Au was determined to be -33.419 +- 0.011 MeV for the first time from the measured Q value of -26.919 +- 0.009 MeV for the /sup 197/Au(..cap alpha..,/sup 8/He)/sup 193/Au reaction. The atomic mass excess of /sup 193/Hg was also determined to be -31.080 +- 0.032 MeV by using the known Q value of /sup 193/Hg beta decay to /sup 193/Au. These results were compared with some predicted values.

High spin states in the 2s-1d shell nuclei of 18F, 20F, 22Na, 24Na, 26Al, and 30P have been investigated by (α, d) reactions at incident energies of 64.3–65.3 MeV. The ( f 7 2 ) 2 7 + states in 20F, 22Na and 24Na, and the ( f 7 2 d 5 2 )6 − states in 20F and 24Na are proposed. The systematic dependenc of the Q-value and intensity on the mass number for the (α, d) reaction leading to the 5+, 6−, and 7+ states is obtained. For the 7+ states, the dependence of the Q-values on the mass number in the mass region below 26 deviates from the line expected from the results of heavier 2s-1d shell nuclei. The excitation energies of the ( f 7 2 ) 2 7 + states expected from a crude shell-model calculation are in good agreement with the experimental data. Using the Q-values for the 7+ states and empirical binding energies for the single-particle f 7 2 shell orbit, a mass dependency of the p-n interaction energies for the ( f 7 2 ) 2 7 + configuration has been found to be E[( f 7 2 ) 2 7 + ] = − 100 A of these 2s-1d shell nuclei.

The 12C(d, p)13C reaction has been studied at Ed = 30MeV. All the known positive-parity states of 13C below 10 MeV in excitation energy, including the 7 2 + and 9 2 + states, are observed in this reaction. The angular distributions for these positive-parity bound and unbound states are analyzed in CCBA framework. The 13C wave functions, which reproduce the resonant and nonresonant scattering of neutrons from 12C, also give good accounts of the experimentally observed angular distributions and energy spectra of outgoing protons in the 12C(d, p)13C reaction. In most cases the cross-section magnitude and the angular distribution shape are primarily determined by the 0+⊗j component, even if it is only a small fraction of the total wave function. An exception is the 7 2 + state, where the main contribution comes from the 2 + ⊗ d 5 2 component. The inclusion of the 4+ state in 12C and the g 9 2 and g 7 2 neutron components in the n + 12C system has a very small effect on the low-spin states, but is indispensable for a good fit to the 7 2 + and 9 2 + angular distributions. The transitions to the negative-parity states, 1 2 1 − , 3 2 1 − , 5 2 − , 7 2 − and 1 2 3 − , are also observed experimentally, and are analyzed by DWBA.

The 40Ca(p, t)38Ca reaction has been investigated at 51.9 MeV and angular distributions have been obtained for transitions leading to ten states in 38Ca. Several spin-parity assignments were made. The experimental angular distributions for the Jπ = 2+ states at 2.20 and 3.69 MeV were reproduced by distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations assuming simple configurations consistent with the analysis of the L = 0 transitions to the ground state and the 3.06 MeV state done previously. However, the normalization factor for the 3.69 MeV state was different from that for the other states. For the L = 0 transitions to the 3.06 MeV 0+ state a different choice of the radius parameter for the bound state potential was found to require a slightly different amplitude for the 4p-4h component in 40Ca(g.s.). The angular distribution for the 3.06 MeV state was analyzed by coupled channel Born approximation (CCBA) calculations. It is shown that two-step processes via the 2+ states of 40Ca(3.90 MeV) and 38Ca(2.20 MeV) make relatively large contributions to the transition. However, a satisfactory explanation could not be obtained by the channel coupling effects alone. It appears that the observed L = 2 angular distributions which rise at far forward angles can be explained by DWBA with configuration mixing. The role of configuration mixing in (p, t) reactions is investigated using the L = 0 transitions, and it is found that the configuration mixing causes effects similar to those obtained from a change in the radius of the bound state potentials.

The /sup 27/Al(p,d)/sup 26/Al reaction has been studied at E/sub p/ = 35 MeV with high resolution to populate known 5/sup -/ and 6/sup -/ stretched states of d/sub 5/2/-hole--f/sub 7/2/-particle structure, and to obtain the weak spectroscopic factors. These are compared to results also obtained for the /sup 26/Mg(p,d)/sup 25/Mg and /sup 26/Mg(/sup 3/He,..cap alpha..)/sup 25/Mg reactions to known (7/2/sup -/ states. An analysis of these results in the Nilsson scheme exposes the structure of the 6/sup -/ stretched states and offers an understanding of the fragmentation of M6 stretched transition strength in /sup 26/Mg, as seen by electron scattering. This work is part of a consistent study of many nuclear reactions to stretched states in mass 26, to serve as a test case for these important single-particle modes.

Quick response real-time facilities, with an overhead time of 18.3 ms, using a general purpose large scale computer, FACOM M-180IIAD (2.5 MIPS), and channel coupled terminal minicomputers, PANAFACOM U-400, have been developed and are in operation at INS Tokyo. The system is useful for computer aided real-time data acquisition and processing for experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics. Another batch processing system for the same type of large scale computer is connected with a real-time machine. Sophisticated analysis of experimental data as well as pure theoretical problems and design studies can be performed by this system. The system is also capable of backing up minicomputer terminals through a modem for the computer control of accelerators and beam diagnostics.

The $^{16}\mathrm{O}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$,$d$)$^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ and $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$,$d$)$^{32}\mathrm{S}$ reactions have been studied at 75-MeV bombarding energy. The angular distributions have been analyzed with exact finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation calculations assuming a direct $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-cluster transfer. The calculations account for the shapes of the experimental angular distributions reasonably well. For the $^{16}\mathrm{O}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$,$d$)$^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction, the extracted relative $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle spectroscopic factors for the $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ ground state band are in good agreement with theoretical predictions, while those for the ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ excited band are in disagreement with them. For the $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$,$d$)$^{32}\mathrm{S}$ reaction, spectroscopic factors are extracted for low-lying states of $^{32}\mathrm{S}$ and compared with those from other $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-transfer reactions. Some strongly populated states have been observed at high excitation energies of $^{32}\mathrm{S}$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{16}\mathrm{O}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$,$d$)$^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$,$d$)$^{32}\mathrm{S}$, $E=75$ MeV, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, DWBA analysis spectroscopic factors.

The reactions ( 3 He, t), ( 3 He, 3 He), ( 3 He, α) and ( 3 He, d) on 48 Ca have been studied at an incident energy of 82 MeV. The obtained angular distributions for the ( 3 He, t) reaction have been analyzed in terms of second-order DWBA theory, using a zero-range approximation. The relative ratio of the cross sections for the excitation of the f in 7 2 f 7 2 −1 multiplets of 48 Sc could not be explained consistently by the one-step charge-exchange process only. However, the ratio was reproduced in order of magnitude by second-order DWBA calculations including the effect of two-step processes, such as ( 3 He-α-t) and ( 3 He-d-t) channels. The effects of the d- and α-channels on the elastic scattering of 3 He from 48 Ca were also examined in the framework of second-order full finite-range DWBA.

Proton stripping with the 55.2 MeV /sup 25/Mg(/sup 3/He,d)/sup 26/Al reaction has been used to populate 6/sup -/ states known from other reactions or by analogy to the states excited in /sup 26/Mg by electron scattering. Spectroscopic factors are, in general, in good agreement with those obtained in a lower resolution study of the /sup 25/Mg(..cap alpha..,t)/sup 26/Al reaction, when similar reaction distorted-wave Born approximation calculations are made. More high-lying states are found in the (/sup 3/He,d) study than in the (..cap alpha..,t) work. The differences between scattering and single-proton stripping excitation of the simple stretched states are confirmed.