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1. Emittance preservation in a plasma-wakefield accelerator

Author

C. A. Lindstrøm, J. Beinortaitė, J. Björklund Svensson, L. Boulton, J. Chappell, S. Diederichs, B. Foster, J. M. Garland, P. González Caminal, G. Loisch, F. Peña, S. Schröder, M. Thévenet, S. Wesch, M. Wing, J. C. Wood, R. D’Arcy, and J. Osterhoff

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Radio-frequency particle accelerators are engines of discovery, powering high-energy physics and photon science, but are also large and expensive due to their limited accelerating fields. Plasma-wakefield accelerators (PWFAs) provide orders-of-magnitude stronger fields in the charge-density wave behind a particle bunch travelling in a plasma, promising particle accelerators of greatly reduced size and cost. However, PWFAs can easily degrade the beam quality of the bunches they accelerate. Emittance, which determines how tightly beams can be focused, is a critical beam quality in for instance colliders and free-electron lasers, but is particularly prone to degradation. We demonstrate, for the first time, emittance preservation in a high-gradient and high-efficiency PWFA while simultaneously preserving charge and energy spread. This establishes that PWFAs can accelerate without degradation—an essential step toward energy boosters in photon science and multistage facilities for compact high-energy particle colliders.

Published
2024
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2. Measurement of jet production in deep inelastic scattering and NNLO determination of the strong coupling at ZEUS

Author

I. Abt, R. Aggarwal, V. Aushev, O. Behnke, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P. J. Bussey, A. Caldwell, C. D. Catterall, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, R. K. Dementiev, S. Dusini, J. Ferrando, B. Foster, E. Gallo, D. Gangadharan, A. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, G. Grzelak, C. Gwenlan, D. Hochman, N. Z. Jomhari, I. Kadenko, U. Karshon, P. Kaur, R. Klanner, U. Klein, I. A. Korzhavina, N. Kovalchuk, M. Kuze, B. B. Levchenko, A. Levy, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, F. Lorkowski, E. Lunghi, I. Makarenko, J. Malka, S. Masciocchi, K. Nagano, J. D. Nam, Yu. Onishchuk, E. Paul, I. Pidhurskyi, A. Polini, M. Przybycień, A. Quintero, M. Ruspa, U. Schneekloth, T. Schörner-Sadenius, I. Selyuzhenkov, M. Shchedrolosiev, L. M. Shcheglova, N. Sherrill, I. O. Skillicorn, W. Słomiński, A. Solano, L. Stanco, N. Stefaniuk, B. Surrow, K. Tokushuku, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, A. F. Żarnecki, O. Zenaiev, and ZEUS Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A new measurement of inclusive-jet cross sections in the Breit frame in neutral current deep inelastic scattering using the ZEUS detector at the HERA collider is presented. The data were taken in the years 2004–2007 at a centre-of-mass energy of $$318\,\,\textrm{GeV}$$ 318 GeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $$347\,\,\textrm{pb}^{-1}$$ 347 pb - 1 . The jets were reconstructed using the $$k_t$$ k t -algorithm in the Breit reference frame. They have been measured as a function of the squared momentum transfer, $$Q^2$$ Q 2 , and the transverse momentum of the jets in the Breit frame, $$p_{\perp ,\text {Breit}}$$ p ⊥ , Breit . The measured jet cross sections are compared to previous measurements and to perturbative QCD predictions. The measurement has been used in a next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD analysis to perform a simultaneous determination of parton distribution functions of the proton and the strong coupling, resulting in a value of $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2) = 0.1142 \pm 0.0017 \text {~(experimental/fit)}$$ α s ( M Z 2 ) = 0.1142 ± 0.0017 (experimental/fit) $${}_{-0.0007}^{+0.0006} \text {~(model/parameterisation)}$$ - 0.0007 + 0.0006 (model/parameterisation) $${}_{-0.0004}^{+0.0006} \text {~(scale)}$$ - 0.0004 + 0.0006 (scale) , whose accuracy is improved compared to similar measurements. In addition, the running of the strong coupling is demonstrated using data obtained at different scales.

Published
2023
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3. Measurement of the cross-section ratio σ ψ(2S) /σ J/ψ(1S) in exclusive photoproduction at HERA

Author

The ZEUS collaboration, I. Abt, M. Adamus, R. Aggarwal, V. Aushev, O. Behnke, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P. J. Bussey, A. Caldwell, C. D. Catterall, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, R. K. Dementiev, S. Dusini, J. Ferrando, B. Foster, E. Gallo, D. Gangadharan, A. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, G. Grzelak, C. Gwenlan, D. Hochman, N. Z. Jomhari, I. Kadenko, U. Karshon, P. Kaur, R. Klanner, U. Klein, I. A. Korzhavina, N. Kovalchuk, M. Kuze, B. B. Levchenko, A. Levy, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, F. Lorkowski, I. Makarenko, J. Malka, S. Masciocchi, K. Nagano, J. D. Nam, Yu. Onishchuk, E. Paul, I. Pidhurskyi, A. Polini, M. Przybycień, A. Quintero, I. Rubinsky, M. Ruspa, U. Schneekloth, T. Schörner-Sadenius, I. Selyuzhenkov, M. Shchedrolosiev, L. M. Shcheglova, I. O. Skillicorn, W. Słomiński, A. Solano, L. Stanco, N. Stefaniuk, B. Surrow, K. Tokushuku, J. Tomaszewska, A. Trofymov, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, A. F. Żarnecki, and O. Zenaiev

Subjects
Diffraction, Heavy Quark Production, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering, Quarkonium, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The exclusive photoproduction reactions γp → J/ψ(1S)p and γp → ψ(2S)p have been measured at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 373 pb −1. The measurement was made in the kinematic range 30 < W < 180 GeV, Q 2 < 1 GeV2 and |t| < 1 GeV2, where W is the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy, Q 2 is the photon virtuality and t is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The decay channels used were J/ψ(1S) → μ + μ − , ψ(2S) → μ + μ − and ψ(2S) → J/ψ(1S)π + π − with subsequent decay J/ψ(1S) → μ + μ − . The ratio of the production cross sections, R = σ ψ(2S) /σ J/ψ(1S), has been measured as a function of W and |t| and compared to previous data in photoproduction and deep inelastic scattering and with predictions of QCD-inspired models of exclusive vector-meson production, which are in reasonable agreement with the data.

Published
2022
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4. Impact of jet-production data on the next-to-next-to-leading-order determination of HERAPDF2.0 parton distributions

Author

I. Abt, R. Aggarwal, V. Andreev, M. Arratia, V. Aushev, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Baty, K. Begzsuren, O. Behnke, A. Belousov, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, A. Buniatyan, P. J. Bussey, L. Bystritskaya, A. Caldwell, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, C. D. Catterall, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, Z. Chen, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, J. G. Contreras, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, L. Cunqueiro Mendez, J. Currie, J. Cvach, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, R. K. Dementiev, A. Deshpande, C. Diaconu, S. Dusini, G. Eckerlin, S. Egli, E. Elsen, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, J. Feltesse, J. Ferrando, M. Fleischer, A. Fomenko, B. Foster, C. Gal, E. Gallo, D. Gangadharan, A. Garfagnini, J. Gayler, A. Gehrmann-De Ridder, T. Gehrmann, A. Geiser, L. K. Gladilin, E. W. N. Glover, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, Yu. A. Golubkov, M. Gouzevitch, C. Grab, T. Greenshaw, G. Grindhammer, G. Grzelak, C. Gwenlan, D. Haidt, R. C. W. Henderson, J. Hladký, D. Hochman, D. Hoffmann, R. Horisberger, T. Hreus, F. Huber, A. Huss, P. M. Jacobs, M. Jacquet, T. Janssen, N. Z. Jomhari, A. W. Jung, H. Jung, I. Kadenko, M. Kapichine, U. Karshon, J. Katzy, P. Kaur, C. Kiesling, R. Klanner, M. Klein, U. Klein, C. Kleinwort, H. T. Klest, R. Kogler, I. A. Korzhavina, P. Kostka, N. Kovalchuk, J. Kretzschmar, D. Krücker, K. Krüger, M. Kuze, M. P. J. Landon, W. Lange, P. Laycock, S. H. Lee, B. B. Levchenko, S. Levonian, A. Levy, W. Li, J. Lin, K. Lipka, B. List, J. List, B. Lobodzinski, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, O. R. Long, A. Longhin, F. Lorkowski, O. Yu. Lukina, I. Makarenko, E. Malinovski, J. Malka, H.-U. Martyn, S. Masciocchi, S. J. Maxfield, A. Mehta, A. B. Meyer, J. Meyer, S. Mikocki, V. M. Mikuni, M. M. Mondal, T. Morgan, A. Morozov, K. Müller, B. Nachman, K. Nagano, J. D. Nam, Th. Naumann, P. R. Newman, C. Niebuhr, J. Niehues, G. Nowak, J. E. Olsson, Yu. Onishchuk, D. Ozerov, S. Park, C. Pascaud, G. D. Patel, E. Paul, E. Perez, A. Petrukhin, I. Picuric, I. Pidhurskyi, J. Pires, D. Pitzl, R. Polifka, A. Polini, S. Preins, M. Przybycień, A. Quintero, K. Rabbertz, V. Radescu, N. Raicevic, T. Ravdandorj, P. Reimer, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, R. Roosen, A. Rostovtsev, M. Rotaru, M. Ruspa, D. P. C. Sankey, M. Sauter, E. Sauvan, S. Schmitt, B. A. Schmookler, U. Schneekloth, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, T. Schörner-Sadenius, F. Sefkow, I. Selyuzhenkov, M. Shchedrolosiev, L. M. Shcheglova, S. Shushkevich, I. O. Skillicorn, W. Słomiński, A. Solano, Y. Soloviev, P. Sopicki, D. South, V. Spaskov, A. Specka, L. Stanco, M. Steder, N. Stefaniuk, B. Stella, U. Straumann, C. Sun, B. Surrow, M. R. Sutton, T. Sykora, P. D. Thompson, K. Tokushuku, D. Traynor, B. Tseepeldorj, Z. Tu, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, P. Van Mechelen, A. Verbytskyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, D. Wegener, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, E. Wünsch, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, J. Žáček, A. F. Żarnecki, O. Zenaiev, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, R. Žlebčík, H. Zohrabyan, F. Zomer, and (H1 and ZEUS collaborations)

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The HERAPDF2.0 ensemble of parton distribution functions (PDFs) was introduced in 2015. The final stage is presented, a next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) analysis of the HERA data on inclusive deep inelastic ep scattering together with jet data as published by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations. A perturbative QCD fit, simultaneously of $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2)$$ α s ( M Z 2 ) and the PDFs, was performed with the result $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2)= 0.1156 \pm 0.0011~\mathrm{(exp)}~ ^{+0.0001}_{-0.0002}~ \mathrm{(model}$$ α s ( M Z 2 ) = 0.1156 ± 0.0011 ( exp ) - 0.0002 + 0.0001 ( model $$\mathrm{+ parameterisation)}~ \pm 0.0029~\mathrm{(scale)}$$ + parameterisation ) ± 0.0029 ( scale ) . The PDF sets of HERAPDF2.0Jets NNLO were determined with separate fits using two fixed values of $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2)$$ α s ( M Z 2 ) , $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2)=0.1155$$ α s ( M Z 2 ) = 0.1155 and 0.118, since the latter value was already chosen for the published HERAPDF2.0 NNLO analysis based on HERA inclusive DIS data only. The different sets of PDFs are presented, evaluated and compared. The consistency of the PDFs determined with and without the jet data demonstrates the consistency of HERA inclusive and jet-production cross-section data. The inclusion of the jet data reduced the uncertainty on the gluon PDF. Predictions based on the PDFs of HERAPDF2.0Jets NNLO give an excellent description of the jet-production data used as input.

Published
2022
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5. Azimuthal correlations in photoproduction and deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA

Author

The ZEUS collaboration, I. Abt, R. Aggarwal, V. Aushev, O. Behnke, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P. J. Bussey, A. Caldwell, C. D. Catterall, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, R. K. Dementiev, S. Dusini, J. Ferrando, S. Floerchinger, B. Foster, E. Gallo, D. Gangadharan, A. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, L. K. Gladilin, Yu. A. Golubkov, G. Grzelak, C. Gwenlan, D. Hochman, N. Z. Jomhari, I. Kadenko, U. Karshon, P. Kaur, R. Klanner, U. Klein, I. A. Korzhavina, N. Kovalchuk, M. Kuze, B. B. Levchenko, A. Levy, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, F. Lorkowski, O. Yu. Lukina, I. Makarenko, J. Malka, S. Masciocchi, K. Nagano, J. D. Nam, J. Onderwaater, Yu. Onishchuk, E. Paul, I. Pidhurskyi, A. Polini, M. Przybycień, A. Quintero, M. Ruspa, U. Schneekloth, T. Schörner-Sadenius, I. Selyuzhenkov, M. Shchedrolosiev, L. M. Shcheglova, I. O. Skillicorn, W. Słomiński, A. Solano, L. Stanco, N. Stefaniuk, B. Surrow, K. Tokushuku, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, A. F. Żarnecki, and O. Zenaiev

Subjects
Collective flow, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), Particle correlations and fluctuations, Quark gluon plasma, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Collective behaviour of final-state hadrons, and multiparton interactions are studied in high-multiplicity ep scattering at a centre-of-mass energy s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 318 GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Two- and four-particle azimuthal correlations, as well as multiplicity, transverse momentum, and pseudorapidity distributions for charged-particle multiplicities N ch ≥ 20 are measured. The dependence of two-particle correlations on the virtuality of the exchanged photon shows a clear transition from photoproduction to neutral current deep inelastic scattering. For the multiplicities studied, neither the measurements in photoproduction processes nor those in neutral current deep inelastic scattering indicate significant collective behaviour of the kind observed in high-multiplicity hadronic collisions at RHIC and the LHC. Comparisons of PYTHIA predictions with the measurements in photoproduction strongly indicate the presence of multiparton interactions from hadronic fluctuations of the exchanged photon.

Published
2021
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6. Two-particle azimuthal correlations as a probe of collective behaviour in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA

Author

The ZEUS collaboration, I. Abt, L. Adamczyk, R. Aggarwal, V. Aushev, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P. J. Bussey, A. Caldwell, M. Capua, C. D. Catterall, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, R. K. Dementiev, S. Dusini, J. Ferrando, S. Floerchinger, B. Foster, E. Gallo, D. Gangadharan, A. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, L. K. Gladilin, Yu. A. Golubkov, G. Grzelak, C. Gwenlan, D. Hochman, N. Z. Jomhari, I. Kadenko, S. Kananov, U. Karshon, P. Kaur, R. Klanner, U. Klein, I. A. Korzhavina, N. Kovalchuk, H. Kowalski, O. Kuprash, M. Kuze, B. B. Levchenko, A. Levy, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, O. Yu. Lukina, I. Makarenko, J. Malka, S. Masciocchi, K. Nagano, J. D. Nam, J. Onderwaater, Yu. Onishchuk, E. Paul, I. Pidhurskyi, A. Polini, M. Przybycień, A. Quintero, M. Ruspa, D. H. Saxon, U. Schneekloth, T. Schörner-Sadenius, I. Selyuzhenkov, M. Shchedrolosiev, L. M. Shcheglova, I. O. Skillicorn, W. Słomiński, A. Solano, L. Stanco, N. Stefaniuk, P. Stopa, B. Surrow, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, E. Tassi, K. Tokushuku, M. Turcato, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, A. F. Żarnecki, L. Zawiejski, and O. Zenaiev

Subjects
Collective flow, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), Particle correlations and fluctuations, Quark gluon plasma, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Two-particle azimuthal correlations have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering with virtuality Q 2 > 5 GeV2 at a centre-of-mass energy s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 318 GeV recorded with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The correlations of charged particles have been measured in the range of laboratory pseudorapidity −1.5 < η < 2.0 and transverse momentum 0.1 < p T < 5.0 GeV and event multiplicities N ch up to six times larger than the average 〈N ch〉 ≈ 5. The two-particle correlations have been measured in terms of the angular observables c n{2} = 〈〈cosnΔφ〉〉, where n is between 1 and 4 and ∆φ is the relative azimuthal angle between the two particles. Comparisons with available models of deep inelastic scattering, which are tuned to reproduce inclusive particle production, suggest that the measured two-particle correlations are dominated by contributions from multijet production. The correlations observed here do not indicate the kind of collective behaviour recently observed at the highest RHIC and LHC energies in high-multiplicity hadronic collisions.

Published
2020
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7. Charm production in charged current deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

The ZEUS collaboration, I. Abt, L. Adamczyk, R. Aggarwal, V. Aushev, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P. J. Bussey, A. Caldwell, M. Capua, C. D. Catterall, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, R. K. Dementiev, S. Dusini, J. Ferrando, B. Foster, E. Gallo, D. Gangadharan, A. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, L. K. Gladilin, Yu. A. Golubkov, G. Grzelak, C. Gwenlan, D. Hochman, N. Z. Jomhari, I. Kadenko, S. Kananov, U. Karshon, P. Kaur, R. Klanner, U. Klein, I. A. Korzhavina, N. Kovalchuk, H. Kowalski, O. Kuprash, M. Kuze, B. B. Levchenko, A. Levy, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, O. Yu. Lukina, I. Makarenko, J. Malka, S. Masciocchi, K. Nagano, J. D. Nam, J. Onderwaater, Yu. Onishchuk, E. Paul, I. Pidhurskyi, A. Polini, M. Przybycien, A. Quintero, M. Ruspa, D. H. Saxon, U. Schneekloth, T. Schörner-Sadenius, I. Selyuzhenkov, M. Shchedrolosiev, L. M. Shcheglova, O. Shkola, I. O. Skillicorn, W. Slominski, A. Solano, L. Stanco, N. Stefaniuk, P. Stopa, B. Surrow, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, E. Tassi, K. Tokushuku, M. Turcato, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, A. F. Żarnecki, L. Zawiejski, and O. Zenaiev

Subjects
Heavy quark production, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), QCD, Electroweak interaction, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Charm production in charged current deep inelastic scattering has been measured for the first time in e ± p collisions, using data collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 358 pb−1. Results are presented separately for e + p and e − p scattering at a centre-of-mass energy of s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 318 GeV within a kinematic phase-space region of 200 GeV2 < Q 2 < 60000 GeV2 and y < 0.9, where Q 2 is the squared four-momentum transfer and y is the inelasticity. The measured cross sections of electroweak charm production are consistent with expectations from the Standard Model within the large statistical uncertainties.

Published
2019
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8. Combination and QCD analysis of charm and beauty production cross-section measurements in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA

Author

H. Abramowicz, I. Abt, L. Adamczyk, M. Adamus, R. Aggarwal, V. Andreev, S. Antonelli, V. Aushev, A. Baghdasaryan, K. Begzsuren, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Belousov, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, A. Bolz, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, V. Brisson, D. Britzger, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, A. Buniatyan, P. J. Bussey, A. Bylinkin, L. Bystritskaya, A. Caldwell, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, M. Capua, C. D. Catterall, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, J. G. Contreras, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, J. Cvach, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, R. K. Dementiev, R. C. E. Devenish, C. Diaconu, M. Dobre, S. Dusini, G. Eckerlin, S. Egli, E. Elsen, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, J. Feltesse, M. Fleischer, A. Fomenko, B. Foster, E. Gallo, A. Garfagnini, J. Gayler, A. Geiser, A. Gizhko, L. K. Gladilin, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, Yu. A. Golubkov, M. Gouzevitch, C. Grab, A. Grebenyuk, T. Greenshaw, G. Grindhammer, G. Grzelak, C. Gwenlan, D. Haidt, R. C. W. Henderson, J. Hladkỳ, O. Hlushchenko, D. Hochman, D. Hoffmann, R. Horisberger, T. Hreus, F. Huber, Z. A. Ibrahim, Y. Iga, M. Jacquet, X. Janssen, N. Z. Jomhari, A. W. Jung, H. Jung, I. Kadenko, S. Kananov, M. Kapichine, U. Karshon, J. Katzy, P. Kaur, C. Kiesling, D. Kisielewska, R. Klanner, M. Klein, U. Klein, C. Kleinwort, R. Kogler, I. A. Korzhavina, P. Kostka, A. Kotański, N. Kovalchuk, H. Kowalski, J. Kretzschmar, D. Krücker, K. Krüger, B. Krupa, O. Kuprash, M. Kuze, M. P. J. Landon, W. Lange, P. Laycock, A. Lebedev, B. B. Levchenko, S. Levonian, A. Levy, V. Libov, K. Lipka, M. Lisovyi, B. List, J. List, B. Lobodzinski, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, O. Yu. Lukina, I. Makarenko, E. Malinovski, J. Malka, H. -U. Martyn, S. Masciocchi, S. J. Maxfield, A. Mehta, A. B. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, S. Mikocki, F. Mohamad Idris, N. Mohammad Nasir, A. Morozov, K. Müller, V. Myronenko, K. Nagano, J. D. Nam, Th. Naumann, P. R. Newman, M. Nicassio, C. Niebuhr, G. Nowak, J. E. Olsson, J. Onderwaater, Yu. Onishchuk, D. Ozerov, C. Pascaud, G. D. Patel, E. Paul, E. Perez, W. Perlański, A. Petrukhin, I. Picuric, H. Pirumov, D. Pitzl, N. S. Pokrovskiy, R. Polifka, A. Polini, M. Przybycień, V. Radescu, N. Raicevic, T. Ravdandorj, P. Reimer, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, R. Roosen, A. Rostovtsev, M. Rotaru, M. Ruspa, D. Šálek, D. P. C. Sankey, M. Sauter, E. Sauvan, D. H. Saxon, M. Schioppa, S. Schmitt, U. Schneekloth, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, T. Schörner-Sadenius, F. Sefkow, I. Selyuzhenkov, L. M. Shcheglova, S. Shushkevich, Yu. Shyrma, I. O. Skillicorn, W. Słomiński, A. Solano, Y. Soloviev, P. Sopicki, D. South, V. Spaskov, A. Specka, L. Stanco, M. Steder, N. Stefaniuk, B. Stella, A. Stern, P. Stopa, U. Straumann, B. Surrow, T. Sykora, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, E. Tassi, P. D. Thompson, K. Tokushuku, J. Tomaszewska, D. Traynor, P. Truöl, I. Tsakov, B. Tseepeldorj, T. Tsurugai, M. Turcato, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, A. Verbytskyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, D. Wegener, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, E. Wünsch, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, J. Žáček, A. F. Żarnecki, L. Zawiejski, O. Zenaiev, Z. Zhang, B. O. Zhautykov, R. Žlebčík, H. Zohrabyan, and F. Zomer

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Measurements of open charm and beauty production cross sections in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations are combined. Reduced cross sections are obtained in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared of the photon $$2.5~\hbox {GeV}^2\le Q^2 \le 2000\, \hbox {GeV}^2$$ 2.5GeV2≤Q2≤2000GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable $$3 \cdot 10^{-5} \le x_\mathrm{Bj} \le 5 \cdot 10^{-2}$$ 3·10-5≤xBj≤5·10-2 . The combination method accounts for the correlations of the statistical and systematic uncertainties among the different datasets. Perturbative QCD calculations are compared to the combined data. A next-to-leading order QCD analysis is performed using these data together with the combined inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross sections from HERA. The running charm- and beauty-quark masses are determined as $$m_c(m_c) = 1.290^{+0.046}_{-0.041} \mathrm{(exp/fit)}$$ mc(mc)=1.290-0.041+0.046(exp/fit) $${}^{+0.062}_{-0.014} \mathrm{(model)}$$ -0.014+0.062(model) $${}^{+0.003}_{-0.031} \mathrm{(parameterisation)}$$ -0.031+0.003(parameterisation) GeV and $$m_b(m_b) = 4.049^{+0.104}_{-0.109} \mathrm{(exp/fit)}$$ mb(mb)=4.049-0.109+0.104(exp/fit) $${}^{+0.090}_{-0.032} \mathrm{(model)}$$ -0.032+0.090(model) $${}^{+0.001}_{-0.031} \mathrm{(parameterisation)}~\mathrm{GeV}$$ -0.031+0.001(parameterisation)GeV .

Published
2018
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9. Further studies of isolated photon production with a jet in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

The ZEUS collaboration, H. Abramowicz, I. Abt, L. Adamczyk, M. Adamus, R. Aggarwal, S. Antonelli, V. Aushev, Y. Aushev, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P. J. Bussey, A. Caldwell, M. Capua, C. D. Catterall, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, R. K. Dementiev, R. C. E. Devenish, S. Dusini, B. Foster, G. Gach, E. Gallo, A. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, A. Gizhko, L. K. Gladilin, Yu. A. Golubkov, G. Grzelak, M. Guzik, C. Gwenlan, O. Hlushchenko, D. Hochman, R. Hori, Z. A. Ibrahim, Y. Iga, M. Ishitsuka, N. Z. Jomhari, I. Kadenko, S. Kananov, U. Karshon, P. Kaur, D. Kisielewska, R. Klanner, U. Klein, I. A. Korzhavina, A. Kotanski, N. Kovalchuk, H. Kowalski, B. Krupa, O. Kuprash, M. Kuze, B. B. Levchenko, A. Levy, M. Lisovyi, E. Lobodzinska, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, O. Yu. Lukina, J. Malka, A. Mastroberardino, F. Mohamad Idris, N. Mohammad Nasir, V. Myronenko, K. Nagano, Yu. Onishchuk, E. Paul, W. Perlanski, N. S. Pokrovskiy, A. Polini, M. Przybycien, M. Ruspa, D. H. Saxon, M. Schioppa, U. Schneekloth, T. Schörner-Sadenius, L. M. Shcheglova, O. Shkola, Yu. Shyrma, I. O. Skillicorn, W. Slominski, A. Solano, L. Stanco, N. Stefaniuk, A. Stern, P. Stopa, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, E. Tassi, K. Tokushuku, J. Tomaszewska, T. Tsurugai, M. Turcato, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, A. F. Żarnecki, L. Zawiejski, O. Zenaiev, and B. O. Zhautykov

Subjects
Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), Photon production, QCD, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Isolated photons with high transverse energy have been studied in deep inelastic ep scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of 326 pb−1 in the range of exchanged-photon virtuality 10-350 GeV2. Outgoing isolated photons with transverse energy 4

Published
2018
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10. Running of the charm-quark mass from HERA deep-inelastic scattering data

Author

A. Gizhko, A. Geiser, S. Moch, I. Abt, O. Behnke, A. Bertolin, J. Blümlein, D. Britzger, R. Brugnera, A. Buniatyan, P.J. Bussey, R. Carlin, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar, K. Daum, S. Dusini, E. Elsen, L. Favart, J. Feltesse, B. Foster, A. Garfagnini, M. Garzelli, J. Gayler, D. Haidt, J. HladkyÌ, A.W. Jung, M. Kapichine, I.A. Korzhavina, B.B. Levchenko, K. Lipka, M. Lisovyi, A. Longhin, S. Mikocki, Th. Naumann, G. Nowak, E. Paul, R. PlaÄakytÄ, K. Rabbertz, S. Schmitt, L.M. Shcheglova, Z. Si, H. Spiesberger, L. Stanco, P. Truöl, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, A.F. Å»arnecki, O. Zenaiev, and Z. Zhang

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Combined HERA data on charm production in deep-inelastic scattering have previously been used to determine the charm-quark running mass mc(mc) in the MSâ¾ renormalisation scheme. Here, the same data are used as a function of the photon virtuality Q2 to evaluate the charm-quark running mass at different scales to one-loop order, in the context of a next-to-leading order QCD analysis. The scale dependence of the mass is found to be consistent with QCD expectations.

Published
2017
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11. Brilliant X-rays using a Two-Stage Plasma Insertion Device

Author

J. A. Holloway, P. A. Norreys, A. G. R. Thomas, R. Bartolini, R. Bingham, J. Nydell, R. M. G. M. Trines, R. Walker, and M. Wing

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Particle accelerators have made an enormous impact in all fields of natural sciences, from elementary particle physics, to the imaging of proteins and the development of new pharmaceuticals. Modern light sources have advanced many fields by providing extraordinarily bright, short X-ray pulses. Here we present a novel numerical study, demonstrating that existing third generation light sources can significantly enhance the brightness and photon energy of their X-ray pulses by undulating their beams within plasma wakefields. This study shows that a three order of magnitude increase in X-ray brightness and over an order of magnitude increase in X-ray photon energy is achieved by passing a 3 GeV electron beam through a two-stage plasma insertion device. The production mechanism micro-bunches the electron beam and ensures the pulses are radially polarised on creation. We also demonstrate that the micro-bunched electron beam is itself an effective wakefield driver that can potentially accelerate a witness electron beam up to 6 GeV.

Published
2017
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12. Search for a narrow baryonic state decaying to pKS0 and p‾KS0 in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

H. Abramowicz, I. Abt, L. Adamczyk, M. Adamus, S. Antonelli, V. Aushev, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Bertolin, S. Bhadra, I. Bloch, E.G. Boos, I. Brock, N.H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P.J. Bussey, A. Caldwell, M. Capua, C.D. Catterall, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, R.K. Dementiev, R.C.E. Devenish, S. Dusini, B. Foster, G. Gach, E. Gallo, A. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, A. Gizhko, L.K. Gladilin, Yu.A. Golubkov, G. Grzelak, M. Guzik, C. Gwenlan, W. Hain, O. Hlushchenko, D. Hochman, R. Hori, Z.A. Ibrahim, Y. Iga, M. Ishitsuka, F. Januschek, N.Z. Jomhari, I. Kadenko, S. Kananov, U. Karshon, P. Kaur, D. Kisielewska, R. Klanner, U. Klein, I.A. Korzhavina, A. Kotański, U. Kötz, N. Kovalchuk, H. Kowalski, B. Krupa, O. Kuprash, M. Kuze, B.B. Levchenko, A. Levy, S. Limentani, M. Lisovyi, E. Lobodzinska, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, D. Lontkovskyi, O.Yu. Lukina, I. Makarenko, J. Malka, A. Mastroberardino, F. Mohamad Idris, N. Mohammad Nasir, V. Myronenko, K. Nagano, T. Nobe, R.J. Nowak, Yu. Onishchuk, E. Paul, W. Perlański, N.S. Pokrovskiy, A. Polini, M. Przybycień, P. Roloff, M. Ruspa, D.H. Saxon, M. Schioppa, U. Schneekloth, T. Schörner-Sadenius, L.M. Shcheglova, R. Shevchenko, O. Shkola, Yu. Shyrma, I. Singh, I.O. Skillicorn, W. Słomiński, A. Solano, L. Stanco, N. Stefaniuk, A. Stern, P. Stopa, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, E. Tassi, K. Tokushuku, J. Tomaszewska, T. Tsurugai, M. Turcato, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, W.A.T. Wan Abdullah, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, N. Zakharchuk, A.F. Żarnecki, L. Zawiejski, O. Zenaiev, B.O. Zhautykov, and D.S. Zotkin

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A search for a narrow baryonic state in the pKS0 and p‾KS0 system has been performed in ep collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 358pb−1 taken in 2003–2007. The search was performed with deep inelastic scattering events at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 318GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, Q2, between 20 and 100GeV2. Contrary to evidence presented for such a state around 1.52 GeV in a previous ZEUS analysis using a sample of 121 pb−1 taken in 1996–2000, no resonance peak was found in the p(p‾)KS0 invariant-mass distribution in the range 1.45–1.7 GeV. Upper limits on the production cross section are set.

Published
2016
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13. Measurement of the cross-section ratio σψ(2S)/σJ/ψ(1S) in deep inelastic exclusive ep scattering at HERA

Author

H. Abramowicz, I. Abt, L. Adamczyk, M. Adamus, S. Antonelli, V. Aushev, Y. Aushev, O. Behnke, U. Behrens, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, E.G. Boos, K. Borras, I. Brock, N.H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, P.J. Bussey, A. Caldwell, M. Capua, C.D. Catterall, J. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, R. Ciesielski, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Corradi, F. Corriveau, R.K. Dementiev, R.C.E. Devenish, G. Dolinska, S. Dusini, J. Figiel, B. Foster, G. Gach, E. Gallo, A. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, A. Gizhko, L.K. Gladilin, Yu.A. Golubkov, J. Grebenyuk, I. Gregor, G. Grzelak, O. Gueta, M. Guzik, W. Hain, D. Hochman, R. Hori, Z.A. Ibrahim, Y. Iga, M. Ishitsuka, A. Iudin, F. Januschek, N.Z. Jomhari, I. Kadenko, S. Kananov, U. Karshon, M. Kaur, P. Kaur, D. Kisielewska, R. Klanner, U. Klein, N. Kondrashova, O. Kononenko, Ie. Korol, I.A. Korzhavina, A. Kotański, U. Kötz, N. Kovalchuk, H. Kowalski, B. Krupa, O. Kuprash, M. Kuze, B.B. Levchenko, A. Levy, V. Libov, S. Limentani, M. Lisovyi, E. Lobodzinska, B. Löhr, E. Lohrmann, A. Longhin, D. Lontkovskyi, O.Yu. Lukina, I. Makarenko, J. Malka, S. Mergelmeyer, F. Mohamad Idris, N. Mohammad Nasir, V. Myronenko, K. Nagano, T. Nobe, D. Notz, R.J. Nowak, Yu. Onishchuk, E. Paul, W. Perlański, N.S. Pokrovskiy, M. Przybycień, P. Roloff, I. Rubinsky, M. Ruspa, D.H. Saxon, M. Schioppa, W.B. Schmidke, U. Schneekloth, T. Schörner-Sadenius, L.M. Shcheglova, R. Shevchenko, O. Shkola, Yu. Shyrma, I. Singh, I.O. Skillicorn, W. Słomiński, A. Solano, L. Stanco, N. Stefaniuk, A. Stern, P. Stopa, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, D. Szuba, J. Szuba, E. Tassi, K. Tokushuku, J. Tomaszewska, A. Trofymov, T. Tsurugai, M. Turcato, O. Turkot, T. Tymieniecka, A. Verbytskyi, O. Viazlo, R. Walczak, W.A.T. Wan Abdullah, K. Wichmann, M. Wing, G. Wolf, S. Yamada, Y. Yamazaki, N. Zakharchuk, A.F. Żarnecki, L. Zawiejski, O. Zenaiev, B.O. Zhautykov, N. Zhmak, and D.S. Zotkin

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The exclusive deep inelastic electroproduction of ψ(2S) and J/ψ(1S) at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 317 GeV has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA in the kinematic range 2

Published
2016
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14. Bright x-ray radiation from plasma bubbles in an evolving laser wakefield accelerator

Author

M. S. Bloom, M. J. V. Streeter, S. Kneip, R. A. Bendoyro, O. Cheklov, J. M. Cole, A. Döpp, C. J. Hooker, J. Holloway, J. Jiang, N. C. Lopes, H. Nakamura, P. A. Norreys, P. P. Rajeev, D. R. Symes, J. Schreiber, J. C. Wood, M. Wing, Z. Najmudin, and S. P. D. Mangles

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

We show that the properties of the electron beam and bright x rays produced by a laser wakefield accelerator can be predicted if the distance over which the laser self-focuses and compresses prior to self-injection is taken into account. A model based on oscillations of the beam inside a plasma bubble shows that performance is optimized when the plasma length is matched to the laser depletion length. With a 200 TW laser pulse, this results in an x-ray beam with a median photon energy of 20 keV, >6×10^{8} photons above 1 keV per shot, and a peak brightness of 3×10^{22} photons s^{-1} mrad^{-2} mm^{-2} (0.1% BW)^{−1}.

Published
2020
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15. A Conceptual Model to Determine Vulnerability of Wildlife Populations to Offshore Wind Energy Development

Author

M. Wing Goodale and Iain J. Stenhouse

Subjects
offshore wind energy development, vulnerability, wildlife, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

As offshore wind energy development is planned in the United States, there is an increasing need for pre- and post-construction monitoring plans to be focused on species determined to be most vulnerable to hazards of a specific project. We propose a conceptual model that incorporates biological and sociological parameters. Specifically, we suggest that demographic, ethological/biological, and population sensitivity be considered with legal protection, economic importance, and/or stakeholder interest. We recommend that vulnerability determinations include qualitative and quantitative methods.

Published
2017
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16. Wakefields in a cluster plasma

Author

M. W. Mayr, L. Ceurvorst, M. F. Kasim, J. D. Sadler, B. Spiers, K. Glize, A. F. Savin, N. Bourgeois, F. Keeble, A. J. Ross, D. R. Symes, R. Aboushelbaya, R. A. Fonseca, J. Holloway, N. Ratan, R. M. G. M. Trines, R. H. W. Wang, R. Bingham, L. O. Silva, P. N. Burrows, M. Wing, P. P. Rajeev, and P. A. Norreys

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

We report the first comprehensive study of large amplitude Langmuir waves in a plasma of nanometer-scale clusters. Using an oblique angle single-shot frequency domain holography diagnostic, the shape of these wakefields is captured for the first time. The wavefronts are observed to curve backwards, in contrast to the forwards curvature of wakefields in uniform plasma. Due to the expansion of the clusters, the first wakefield period is longer than those trailing it. The features of the data are well described by fully relativistic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and by a quasianalytic solution for a one-dimensional, nonlinear wakefield in a cluster plasma.

Published
2019
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17. Delivering the world’s most intense muon beam

Author

S. Cook, R. D’Arcy, A. Edmonds, M. Fukuda, K. Hatanaka, Y. Hino, Y. Kuno, M. Lancaster, Y. Mori, T. Ogitsu, H. Sakamoto, A. Sato, N. H. Tran, N. M. Truong, M. Wing, A. Yamamoto, and M. Yoshida

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

A new muon beam line, the muon science innovative channel, was set up at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, in Osaka, Japan, using the 392 MeV proton beam impinging on a target. The production of an intense muon beam relies on the efficient capture of pions, which subsequently decay to muons, using a novel superconducting solenoid magnet system. After the pion-capture solenoid, the first 36° of the curved muon transport line was commissioned and the muon flux was measured. In order to detect muons, a target of either copper or magnesium was placed to stop muons at the end of the muon beam line. Two stations of plastic scintillators located upstream and downstream from the muon target were used to reconstruct the decay spectrum of muons. In a complementary method to detect negatively charged muons, the x-ray spectrum yielded by muonic atoms in the target was measured in a germanium detector. Measurements, at a proton beam current of 6 pA, yielded (10.4±2.7)×10^{5} muons per watt of proton beam power (μ^{+} and μ^{-}), far in excess of other facilities. At full beam power (400 W), this implies a rate of muons of (4.2±1.1)×10^{8} muons s^{−1}, among the highest in the world. The number of μ^{-} measured was about a factor of 10 lower, again by far the most efficient muon beam produced. The setup is a prototype for future experiments requiring a high-intensity muon beam, such as a muon collider or neutrino factory, or the search for rare muon decays which would be a signature for phenomena beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Such a muon beam can also be used in other branches of physics, nuclear and condensed matter, as well as other areas of scientific research.

Published
2017
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41. Trustworthy AI

Author

Jeannette M. Wing

Subjects
Trustworthy computing, Trustworthiness, General Computer Science, Computer science, Formal methods, Computer security, computer.software_genre, computer
Abstract

The pursuit of responsible AI raises the ante on both the trustworthy computing and formal methods communities.

Published
2021

44. Female Chinese transracial adoptees’ racial awakening amid dual racial pandemics

Author

Hannah M. Wing and Jennie Park-Taylor

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology
Abstract

2020 was marked by two racial pandemics-COVID-19-related attacks against Asians and the police brutality against Blacks that spurred the resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement-calling attention to racial privilege and oppression in American society. The present study explores female Chinese transracial adoptees' unique lived experiences during this racially salient moment.A phenomenological approach captured how 20 female Chinese transracial adoptees navigated and made sense of the dual racial pandemics and the subsequent impact on their racial awareness, identity development, and advocacy. Data were collected using semistructured individual Zoom interviews and coded using phenomenological analysis.Findings suggest the dual pandemics acted as catalysts for female Chinese transracial adoptees' racial consciousness and reevaluation of their positionality within the racial hierarchy. Three core themes emerged: female transracial adoptees' new self-understanding as racial beings; their perspective on their place within the White-Black dichotomy; and their role in promoting racial justice.Our findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the complexities of female Chinese transracial adoptees' racialized selves as children of color who have been raised in White families; their motivations to foster racial justice; and their ability to facilitate race talk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2022

45. Skin properties and afferent density in the deterioration of tactile spatial acuity with age

Author

Davide Deflorio, Massimiliano Di Luca, and Alan M. Wing

Subjects
Physiology
Abstract

Ageing effects on tactile perception involve the deterioration of spatial sensitivity, although the contribution of central and peripheral factors is not clear. We combined psychophysics, measurements of finger properties, modelling, and simulation of the response of first-order tactile neurons to investigate to what extent skin elasticity, stiffness, hydration, finger pad area and afferent density can account for the lower spatial sensitivity observed in the elderly. Correlation and commonality analysis revealed that age was the most important factor to predict behavioural performance. Skin biological elasticity, hydration and finger pad area contributed to a lesser extent. The simulation of first-order tactile neuron responses indicated that reduction in afferent density plays a major role in the deterioration of tactile spatial acuity. Simulations also showed that lower skin stiffness and lower afferent density affect the build-up of stimulus information and the response of SA1 and RA1 afferent fibres.Tactile sensitivity is affected by age, as shown by the deterioration of spatial acuity assessed with the 2-point discrimination task. This is thought to be partly due to age-related changes of the peripheral somatosensory system. In particular, in the elderly the density of mechanoreceptive afferents decreases with age and the skin tends to become drier, less elastic, and less stiff. To assess to what degree mechanoreceptor density, skin hydration, elasticity, and stiffness can account for the deterioration of tactile spatial sensitivity observed in the elderly, several approaches were combined including psychophysics, measurements of finger properties, modelling, and simulation of the response of first-order tactile neurons. Psychophysics confirmed that the Elderly group has lower tactile acuity than the Young group. Correlation and commonality analysis showed that age was the most important factor in explaining decreases in behavioural performance. Biological elasticity, hydration and finger pad area were also involved. These results were consistent with the outcome of simulations showing that lower afferent density and lower Young's modulus (i.e., lower stiffness) negatively affected the tactile encoding of stimulus information. Simulations revealed that these changes resulted in a lower build-up of task-relevant stimulus information. Importantly, the reduction in discrimination performance with age in the simulation was less than the one observed in the psychophysical testing, indicating that there are additional peripheral as well as central factors responsible for age-related changes in tactile discrimination. Abstract figure legend. We combined measurements of finger properties (1), psychophysics (2) and simulation of first-order tactile neurons (3) in order to investigate the contribution of peripheral factors to the deterioration of tactile spatial acuity with age. We measured skin biological elasticity, hydration, and finger pad area in Young and Elderly participants to predict the behavioural outcome on the psychophysical task. In addition, we simulated the response of first-order tactile neurons (SA1 and RA1 afferents) to determine whether changes in Young's modulus, related to biological elasticity, and afferent density, related to finger pad area, affect the informativeness of the peripheral neural response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2022

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