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In this article, the heat transfer and flow pattern characteristics are restudied in the proximity of convective boundary condition for three kinds of nanoliquids, namely copper oxide-water nanoliquid (CuO–H2O), silverwater nanoliquid (Ag–H2O), and titanium dioxide-water nanoliquid (TiO2–H2O). The thermal radiation impact is assumed into account. The partial differential equations are shifted into ordinary differential equations by applying an acceptable transformation and then exact solutions are acquired by promoting the Laplace transform technique. Solid volume fraction is fluctuated as 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The variations of nanoliquid motion and energy transmit are displayed graphically as well as the numerical values of friction factor and rate of heat transfer at the plate are displayed in tabular pattern. In particular, the least shear stress occurs for silverwater nanoliquid and the greatest shear stress occurs for titanium dioxide-water nanoliquid as well as the least heat transfer coefficient occurs for titanium dioxide-water nanoliquid and the greatest heat transfer coefficient occurs for copper oxide-water nanoliquid. This report can be further utilized to authenticate the effectiveness of acquired mathematical results for another sophisticated nanoliquid stream problems.

Background:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide. The relationship between liver enzymes and T2DM has been reported in limited studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes in T2DM. Methods: A total of 200 individuals (100 diabetic and 100 nondiabetic) were enrolled in the study. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were measured in serum collected from them. T2DM was dened as fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥126 mg/dLor self-reported recent use of insulin or antidiabetic medications. Results:Among the participants, 63% in T2DM and 30% in the non-diabetic group had at least one or more elevated liver enzymes in serum. The mean concentrations of serum AST, ALT and ALP were signicantly higher in the T2DM group compared to the non-diabetes group, suggesting high prevalence of elevated liver enzymes in the T2DM. Conclusions: A high prevalence of elevated liver enzymes was observed in subjects having T2DM than in non-diabetics. More studies of this nature should be carried out in developing countries to get proper insights into the importance of assessing liver enzymes in T2DM.

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common type of childhood seizures. The peak incidence is at 18 months of age. Iron deciency alters the development of the hippocampus, neurons, delayed myelin maturation, slowing of auditory and visual evoked potentials, impairment of energy metabolism, alteration in synaptic neurotransmitter which lessens the seizure threshold. These effects are aggravated during febrile episodes thereby increasing the risk of occurrence of febrile seizures. To know the association Objective: between low iron status with or without anemia and febrile seizures. A tot Results: al of 111 children with febrile seizures were taken into study. Among them, 68 children (61.1%) had low serum iron levels and 43 (38.7%) children had normal serum iron levels. Iron deciency anemia was found in 46 (41.4%) of them. Low iron status even without the development of anemia increa Conclusion: ses the risk of febrile seizures through various nonhematological manifestations of iron deciency.

A study was carried out for a period of 90 days during the summer season with the inclusion of chromiumpropionate and vitamin E with selenium, in the feed to investigate their effect on 24 uniparous lactating HolsteinFriesian cows in an early phase of lactation. Cows were randomly assigned to four supplemental doses of 0 (T0);500 IU/animal/day of vitamin E and 0.3 mg/kg DM of selenium (T1); 0.5 mg/kg DM of chromium propionate (T2)and 0.5 mg/kg DM of chromium propionate, 500 IU/animal/day of vitamin E and 0.3 mg/kg DM of selenium (T3).The mean THI value in the morning was 75.10±0.42 and 80.01±0.64 in the afternoon indicating that the animals wereunder mild to moderate heat stress. Increase in the DMI was found in the supplemented groups with a significantdifference between control and T3 group. Milk yield differed significantly between the control and supplementedgroups. The hematological profile did not vary significantly among the groups. Supplementation of chromium alongwith vitamin E and selenium decreased the cortisol level and glutathione peroxidase activity signigicantly in theT3 group. Chromium supplemented groups (T2 and T3) showed greater increase in mean total protein, albuminconcentration and A/G ratio. However, the mean values for thyroid profile, liver enzymes, superoxide dismutase,catalase, globulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, urea, creatinine were comparable among the four groups.Statistical analysis revealed that the rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and pulse rate in supplemented groups were significantly reduced. The findings showed that chromium supplementation plays a significant role in alleviating thermal stress and is further more beneficial when supplemented with proven antioxidants vitamin E and selenium.

The proper explicit testing with a rotation impact is wavering parabolical stream antique. It is an incomprehensive, electrical forceful liquid. Isothermal vertical plates are done standardized accelerated abundant lack magneto hydrodynamic described. T’W and the centre equal close to the vessel have been higher near C’w. The value by a plate degree and density grade closer to the plate are step-up constantly. This Logical methodology of the issue addressed the limit state with temperature. Fixations are t. Dimension - less equivalence was assimilated by using the Laplace approach. Velocity outline, climate, absorption shape is developed alternate bodily models corresponding deep (or) mass Grashof value, Schmidt value, prandtl value, rotational boundary, period. The velocity will venture rising appraisal deep Grashof rate. It is furthermore tried that the speed ventures up with diminishing rotational parameters.

The work of steady hydromagnetic stream of Casson liquid in a micro-channel constructed by two indefinite vertical proportionate walls in the appearance of thermal radiation is presented in this article. The effect of an imposed magnetic domain appearing scheduled to movement of an electrically administrating liquid is adopted into account. The exact solutions of the liquid velocity, imposed magnetic domain, and temperature domain have been obtained. Also, the analytical expressions for the skin-friction coefficient and imposed current density are obtained. The basic aspiration of this article is to reinvestigate the supremacy of pertinent physical constraints like magnetic Prandtl number, injection/suction parameter, Hartmann number, thermal radiation parameter, rarefaction parameter, wall ambient temperature difference ratio, and liquid wall interaction parameter over the imposed magnetic field and velocity of the liquid. Lorentz force which is obtained from magnetic field has a propensity to decline the motion of liquid and imposed magnetic field. The imposed current density rises with an enhancement in the hydromagnetic Prandtl number. This study is applied in the machines like transformers, generators, and motors work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Results are compared with the literature in the limiting case.

This report is executed to examine the task of assimilating parameters on bipartite convection stream structure in a sloped pipeline while certain plate is disorderly warmed. The dictating motivation and energy identifications are ascertained and consequent expressions for thermal reading, liquid movement, fanning friction and stress flatten are acquired. The purpose of non-linear Boussinesq simulation is to escalate liquid movement, inverse stream generation at the channel plates, stress flatten, and fanning factor. In particular, the liquid motion escalates at the channel left portion and depletes at the channel right portion with the progress of time. A particular case of our development shows an excellent compromise with the previous consequences in the literature.

Background: A signicant public health issue is alcoholic liver disease (ALD). At any stage of the disease, the Deritis ratio (AST/ALT) is more sensitive than other standard criteria in detecting biochemical abnormalities in ALD. This study's objective was to evaluate the importance of transaminases and the Deritis ratio as well as their potential prognostic value in alcoholic liver disease patients. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based retrospective study that used information kept in the Biochemistry department of Sri Venkateswara Medical College in Tirupati. Age, gender, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, and AST/ALT ratio were the factors that was gathered. Descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing was analysed. Software tools EPI INFO and SPSS 23 was used to examine the data. Results: The percentage of ALD among the 50 patients was projected with 50 controls. Odds Ratio=3.2, p=0.0001, was 3.2 times more likely to develop above 40yrs of age. In ALD patients, the mean AST value (171.5 SD 94.46 IU/L) was substantially higher than the ALT value (85.12 SD 58.24 IU/L), resulting in a higher AST/ALT ratio (2.01 SD 0.58). When comparing the Deritis ratio in controls and cases, mean values are 0.78 with CI (1.02, 1.06) and 2.01 with CI (1.49, 1.69) respectively which showed higher signicance(p=0.001) in cases. An AST:ALT ratio >2 with CI (93.9%, 99.9%) was present in 96.9% of individuals with alcoholic liver disease. Each variable's mean value in cases was considerably higher than in controls (p 0.001). Conclusion: Due to its widespread use, ethanol consumption causes various liver illnesses, each of which is extremely serious. Equally crucial is to know its complication and to know its magnitude of impact. To grasp the extent of damage in alcoholic liver disease rationally, the assessment of the Deritis ratio is helpful.

Gig Economy is identified as a pattern of work engagement where there is a consumer or service speaker, on one hand, reflecting demand for a particular task while on the other end is a gig worker who can work for a specific period and provide the required work. The development of the tech-enabled platforms contributes to connecting the consumer to the gig worker wherein the former can hire services from the latter based on a fixed period. The gig workers include people of different categories like self-employed, freelancers, part-time workers and also independent contributors. India's gig economy has fundamentally changed the perception of education today. The idea of continuing education is not just to get a degree or certificate that will only add weight to your resume, but to acquire the various industry skills you need to get a job. The growth of social commerce in the country is positively impacting employment opportunities for millions of gig workers. According to a 2019 World Bank report, digital platforms are scaling faster and cheaper than traditional businesses. The penetration of online retail in the report's year was 4.7%. It is expected to reach 10.7% by 2024. India has emerged as one of the largest flexible staffing countries in the world. Simply put, gig jobs have simplified the country's employment landscape and changed its structure for the better. However, in the gig economy, freelancers have to be self-sufficient in their learning. They have to decide what knowledge they lack, where to get it, how to fit their day, and how to pay for it. Free options (as in MOOCs and other online opportunities) are growing in popularity. The flexibility, availability, and constraints of scheduled courses appeal to motivated learners. Gig workers earn money based on their performance on specific tasks rather than focusing on earning a set salary.

Lifestyle changes in terms of health are the most attention paid activity in the existing world by way of organic product consumption. India being the place for traditional farming, profound use of chemicals and pesticides for such farming led to the artificial ideas of farming which have been made by man. A sustainable way of living is a type of lifestyle that is being adopted by various people in the contemporary world which has increased the consumption of organic products. Demands for organic products are being hyperbolized to a greater extent due to the enhanced level of health benefits and awareness among consumers. Organic products are produced in an eco-friendly way which reaps the advantages that are expected by the consumers. The levels of consumer satisfaction are altered in the consumption of organic and conventional products besides suffering from their limitations. One of the popular organic food brands in India is 24 Mantra Organic which draws its special attention by way of the products produced by them. The present paper focuses on measuring the satisfaction level of consumers using products of the 24 Mantra Organic brand, especially during the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. &nbsp

The demand for eco-friendly, low-cost, renewable, and high-strength structural components is now growing day to day. In the present work, SiC, CNTs and glass waste are used as additives in a hybrid pattern with Al2O3. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) is used to fabricate hybrid composites with varying five different weight fractions. Thermal properties (i.e., thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity) were investigated at both elevated and room temperatures. From the results, the maximum thermal conductivity is achieved as 40 W/mK at the initial weight fraction after SPS at a temperature of 1400 °C. The addition of 4% ceramic composites obtained maximum thermal conductivity (33.93 W/mK) at 1500 °C temperature. With the addition of reinforcement particles, the thermal properties of alumina oxide decreased. At elevated temperatures, thermal conductivity is high with the addition of glass, silicon carbide (SiC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) particles. It decreases with increasing measurement temperature and weight fraction of reinforcement particles. The specific heat capacity increased with increasing temperature at all compositions. The effect of weight fraction on thermal properties was clearly observed with the microstructure.

Background: Urea is commonly used as source of non protein nitrogen for ruminants. However, the fact that the rate of release of NH3-N must coincide with the rate of digestion of carbohydrates or else lead to toxicity, this has led the industry to seek the development of compounds with a slow release urea (SRU), which have less risk of toxicity in animals. Methods: A study was conducted on 30 ram lambs (1-2 month old; 14.73±0.49 kg body weight) randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments with 6 animals in each group in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of supplementation of SRNPN products on nitrogen balance, plane of nutrition and nutrient utilisation. Five maize stover based complete diets (2190kcal ME/kg and 14.6% CP) were prepared viz. control diet with SBM as major protein source (45% CP) and without any NPN supplement, positive control diet, having urea (46% N) around 1% of dietary DM and in other 3 diets, urea was totally replaced with FCU, CFCU and HMCCU. Result: Supplementation of SRNPN products did not affect the intake of nutrients viz. DM, OM, CP, CF, NFE, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose and the digestibilities of DM, OM, NFE and ADF. While, CP digestibility (%) reduced (P less than 0.01) with feeding of urea (78.52) based diet compared to control diet (84.34) and replacement of urea with FCU (85.24) improved the CP digestibility (%) and was comparable to control. Incorporation of urea in the diets decreased (P less than 0.01) the CF and cellulose digestibility compared to control, while incorporation of FCU or CFCU in diets improved (P less than 0.01) CF, NDF and hemicellulose digestibilities. The N intake, excretion and balance (g/d) was though comparable among the dietary groups, the retention in lambs fed urea diets was lower by 14.71% compared to control group, while in FCU, CFCU and HMCCU fed lambs, N retention improved by 18.17, 10.05 and 7.84%, respectively compared to urea diet fed lambs.

Background: Costly livestock feed ingredients like oilseed cakes are more frequently adulterated with urea by feed manufacturers and suppliers to derive economic benefit. However, a simple method to detect adulteration of urea in oilseed cakes under field conditions is not available. In this context, the present study was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent for the detection of urea adulteration in oilseed cakes using foldscope under field conditions. Methods: Six commonly used oilseed cakes for livestock feeding were procured from three different sources and processed in duplicate. A minute quantity of dry powdered oilseed cake or oilseed cake adulterated with urea (10 g/kg) was taken on a glass slide, treated with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent and air dried. The air dried sample was spread and covered with transparent cello tape and examined under foldscope with a standard light source. The foldscope images were captured using smart phone camera. Approximate area covered with yellow colour in foldscope images of oilseed cakes adulterated with urea at three different concentrations also evaluated. Result: Oilseed cakes adulterated with urea on treatment with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent showed yellow colour covering almost entire area of many fields in foldscope images, while the colour of oilseed cakes devoid of urea was mostly pink to violet. The oilseed cakes adulterated with urea at different concentrations varied in the approximate area covered with yellow colour in foldscope images. The 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reagent can be used to detect urea adulteration in oilseed cakes using foldscope under field conditions.

Gut health plays an important role on production and performance of broilers. This trial was undertaken with an aim to evaluate the synergistic effect of probiotic, chicory root powder and coriander seed powder on the performance and gut health of broiler chicken. For this purpose, a total of 240 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments with 8 replicates of 5 birds in each. Treatment groups included T1 as control i.e., basal diet (BD) without any growth promoter and T2—BD + antibiotic (BMD 0.05%). In the remaining experimental diets, T3—probiotic (@ 0.01%) + chicory root powder (@ 1.0%), T4—probiotic (@ 0.01%) + coriander seed powder (@ 1.5%), T5—chicory root powder (@ 1.0%) + coriander seed powder (@ 1.5%) and T6—probiotic (@ 0.01%) + chicory root powder (@ 1.0%) + coriander seed powder (@ 1.5%). The results indicated that supplementation of probiotic + chicory (T3), probiotic + coriander (T4), chicory + coriander (T5) and probiotic + chicory + coriander (T6) in combination resulted in significantly (P0.05) effect on feed intake of broilers. Supplementation of all the test diets (T3 to T6) significantly (P3 to T6) significantly (PLactobacillus counts, and reduced E. coli and Salmonella counts in the ileum compared to control and antibiotic groups. Supplementation of all the test diets (T3 to T6) significantly (P3 to T6) compared to control and antibiotic groups. Therefore, combinations of probiotic (0.01%), chicory root powder (1.0%) and coriander seed powder (1.5%) can be used as feed additive for improving performance and gut health of broiler chicken.

Paracetamol (PCT) and Mefenamic acid (MFA), in combination, is recommended widely for the treatment of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory conditions. The present works carry a new simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and sensitized method of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection for simultaneous quantification of PCT and MFA. The samples are eluted in isocratic mode using a Phenomenex ODS 3V C18 (4.6mm × 250 mm i.d, with a particle size of 5μm) with the mobile composition of methanol: phosphate buffer pH 7.1 (70:30) delivered at a flow rate of 1ml/min with the detection wavelength of 254 nm. It shows good linearity response in the concentration range of 15-35 μg/mL and 6-14 μg/ml for PCT and MFA with the retention times of 3.0 min and 4.8 min, respectively. The quantities of PCT and MFA in pharmaceutical suspension were found to be 99.01% and 101.02%, respectively. The method was quantitatively evaluated according to ICH guidelines taking into consideration the required parameters, and the results obtained are within acceptable limits. So, the proposed method can be employed in the routine analysis and evaluation of MFA and PCT in both bulk and suspension dosage form.

Bismuth Boro Tellurite (BiBT) glasses doped with Er3+ ions (i.e., Er3+ = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mol %) were prepared by using melt quenching technique and their structural, optical absorption, emission and up-conversion properties were investigated using XRD, Raman, absorption, emission and decay spectral studies. The oscillator strengths measured from the absorption spectral features were subjected to Judd-Ofelt theory to understand the radiative properties possessed by the as prepared glasses. The titled glasses excited under 379 nm exhibited green luminescence at 547 nm (4S3/2 → 4I15/2). Upon pumping with a laser diode of 980 nm (NIR), a broad NIR emission at around 1572 nm (4I13/2 → 4I15/2) was observed for which stimulated emission cross-section (σse), effective band width (Δλp), gain band width (σse × Δλp) and optical gain (σse × τR) parameters were evaluated. The up-conversion luminescence shown by these glasses has been analysed to understand the utility of these glasses as up-conversion lasers. Among all the as prepared glasses, 1 mol% of Er3+ ions doped BiBT glass exhibits better radiative properties compared to other glasses. The gain cross-section of the 1 mol% of Er3+ ions doped BiBT glass was derived using absorption cross-section (σa) and emission cross-section (σe) for different values of population inversion (γ). The Decay spectral features recorded under 980 nm excitation were used to measure the experimental lifetimes (τexp) and quantum efficiencies. All the aforementioned studies revealed that the Er3+ ions doped BiBT glasses are quite suitable to fabricate optoelectronic devices in visible green and NIR regions.

Thulium (Tm3+) doped Zinc Lead Tungsten Tellurite (ZnPbWTe) glasses having the composition 5ZnO-15PbO-20WO3-(60-x)TeO2-xTm2O3 were prepared by using melt quenching technique and analysed with optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and PL decay spectral measurements. The absorption data was used to calculate oscillator strengths and the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) parameters. The emission spectra were recorded under 472 nm excitation exhibit intense fluorescent peaks 650 nm and 806 nm. The emission spectral data correlated with J-O theory was used to determine radiative parameters like radiative transition probability (AR), total radiative transition probability (AT), branching ratio (βR) and radiative lifetimes (τR) for the fluorescent levels of Tm3+ ions in ZnPbWTe glasses. The decay curves for the 1G4 → 3F4 transition under 472 nm excitation were investigated to calculate experimental lifetimes (τexp) and quantum efficiency (η). The σse and η reveals that ZnPbWTe glasses doped with 1 mol% of Tm3+ ions are most suitable for fabricating deep red emitting optoelectronic devices and lasers.

Barium lead alumino fluoro borate (BaPbAlFB) glasses doped with Dy3+ ions were prepared by using melt quenching technique and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques to understand their usage in photonic devices. The SEM and EDX spectral studies were performed on the as prepared glasses to understand the glassy nature and elemental analysis respectively. The weight loss in the BaPbAlFB glass has been studied by the TGA. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory has been applied to the measured oscillator strengths of the absorption spectral features to evaluate radiative parameters for the prominent emission transitions of Dy3+ ions in BaPbAlFB glasses. The photoluminescence (PL) spectral measurements show concentration quenching beyond 1.0 mol% of Dy3+ ions in the as prepared glasses. The decay profiles observed for higher concentration of Dy3+ ions in these glasses are well fitted to Inokuti-Hirayama (I H) model to understand the energy transfer mechanism involved in the as prepared glasses. The experimental lifetimes (τexp) measured from the decay spectral features are correlated with radiative lifetime (τR) values to understand the quantum efficiency (η) of the as prepared glasses. From the PL spectra, colorimetric parameters such as CIE coordinates, correlated color temperature (CCT) and yellow-to-blue (Y/B) intensity ratios have been estimated to understand the usage of these glasses in photonic devices such as white LEDs and lasers.

Samarium ions doped single alkali and mixed alkali fluoro tungsten tellurite glasses prepared by employing melt quenching technique were characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques such as optical absorption, excitation, emission and decay spectral studies. From the absorption spectral features, the optical band gap energies have been evaluated. By applying the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory to the measured oscillator strengths (fexp), the best fit J-O parameters are evaluated and used further in evaluating the radiative properties for the prominent fluorescent levels of Sm3+ ions in the as prepared glasses. A strong luminescence in the reddish-orange spectral region has been observed for all the Sm3+ ions doped as prepared glasses. The emission spectra show four emission transitions resulting from the 4G5/2 meta-stable state to the lower lying 6H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2 and 6H11/2 states upon exciting with a 478 nm line of an argon ion laser. CIE chromaticity co-ordinates evaluated from the emission spectral features and found to be falling in reddish-orange region of the visible spectrum. The decay spectral profiles recorded for single alkali fluoro tungsten tellurite glasses were used to estimate the experimental lifetimes and correlated further with radiative lifetimes to estimate quantum efficiency. The stimulated emission cross-sections (σse) and branching ratios (βR) were estimated from the emission spectra for all the emission transitions. The aforementioned spectral studies carried out on Sm3+ ions doped as prepared glasses allowed us to conclude that, these glasses are best suited for visible reddish-orange lasers.

Background: To know the production and reproductive performance of Nellore brown lambs under three systems i.e. intensive, semi-intensive and extensive system of rearing and which system of rearing was beneficial for the farmer community in terms of cost economics. Methods: 36 Nellore brown lambs of 3 months age from Livestock Research Station, Mamnoor, Warangal district were randomly allotted to three rearing systems i.e. Intensive (G1), Semi-intensive (G2) and Extensive (G3) system of each 12 animals. The body weight and ADG of lambs in the three systems were recorded fortnightly and calculated the cost economics. The reproductive parameters of ewe lambs were recorded. Result: From 3-9 months age, the mean gain in body weight (kg) in the G1 group was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher followed by G2 (10.95 ± 0.18) and G3 (9.33 ± 0.09) groups. The mean ADG (gm) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in G1 group (75.14 ± 1.56) than G2 (60.83 ± 1.02) and G3 (51.81 ± 0.47) groups. Significant (P less than 0.05) difference was observed in the mean age at puberty of ewe lambs in the three groups. The mean age at first service was lowest in G1 (329.50 ± 6.99) followed by G2 (360.17 ± 6.56) and G3 (385.17 ± 5.60) groups. The net income (Rs.) obtained from each lamb was 1870.8, 1406.7 and 1217.3, respectively in G1, G2 and G3 groups. The cost per kilogram live weight gain was higher in the G1 group followed by G2 and G3 group.

The analysis of MHD flow has been a concern of consideration for research scientists and engineers. In this treatise, the steady MHD flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting Casson fluid in a micro-channel with heat generation and viscous dissipation, in the presence of hydrodynamic slip and convective boundary conditions, is examined. Exact solutions of non-dimensional steady governing equations are obtained in closed form. Transient fluid velocity, temperature, entropy generation, and Bejan number are depicted by the line graphs whereas rate of heat transfer and skin-friction coefficient are computed in tabular form for pertinent flow parameters. It is established that the entropy generation rate and Bejan number increases for increasing values of the Casson parameter and heat generation parameter. In particular, the Casson parameter accelerates the skin-friction coefficient while it provides resistance to the rate of heat transfer near the channel walls. Casson fluid finds significant applications in biomechanics, polymer processing industries, and food processing.

Samarium ions doped barium lead alumino fluoro borate glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques. The amorphous nature and functional groups present host glass were confirmed by XRD and FT-IR spectra respectively. From the measured oscillator strengths the Judd-Ofelt (J–O) parameters were evaluated and subsequently used to estimate various radiative properties for the prominent fluorescent levels. The PL spectra show three transitions 4G5/2→6H5/2, 6H7/2, and 6H9/2 at 565 nm, 602 nm and 650 nm in greenish yellow, reddish orange and red regions respectively. The experimental lifetimes correlated with radiative lifetimes to calculate quantum efficiency of the as prepared glasses. The CIE chromaticity coordinates measured establishes reddish orange emission from the as prepared glasses. Based on the emission cross-sections, branching ratios, quantum efficiency and CIE coordinates, it is concluded that the Sm3+ ions doped as prepared glasses are aptly suitable for reddish orange optoelectronics device applications.

The demand for eco-friendly, low-cost, renewable and high-strength structural components is now growing day-to-day. In present work, SiC and CNTs are used as additives in a hybrid pattern with Al2O3. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) is used to fabricate hybrid composites with varying five different weight fractions. Thermal properties (i.e., thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity) of the nanocomposites have been investigated at room temperature and elevated temperatures. From the results, the maximum thermal conductivity is achieved as 40 W/mK at the initial weight fraction after SPS at a temperature of 1400 °C. The Al2O3/4%SiC–CNTs nanocomposites were maximum thermal conductivity is 30.82 W/mK (at 1500 °C temperature). With the addition of reinforcement particles, the thermal properties of alumina oxide decreased. At elevated temperatures, thermal conductivity is high with the addition of SiC–CNTs reinforcement particles. It decreases with increasing measurement temperature and weight fraction of reinforcement particles. The specific heat capacity increased with increasing temperature at all compositions. The effect of weight fraction in thermal properties was clearly observed with the microstructure.

The lead acid battery technology has undergone several modifications in the recent past, in particular, the electrode grid composition, oxide paste recipe with incorporation of foreign additives into the electrodes and similarly additives added in the electrolytes to improve electrical performance of the lead acid battery. In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of the lead electrodes with different weight/volume percentages (wt./v%) of MgSO4(0.0., 0.5., 1.0., 2.0., and 5.0) added into the electrolyte have been investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV profile showed better redox behavior of the lead electrodes which was attributed to the increased active surface area of the electrode. Further studies of the gas evolution found a mixed trend and a considerable drop in the impedance as observed by LSV and EIS analysis as compared to the blank electrolyte solution. The influence of a modified electrolyte on the electrochemical activity of the lead electrodes is correlated and discussed.

The present work illustrates the optical absorption and fluorescence properties of Pr3+ ions doped single alkali and mixed alkali fluoro tungsten tellurite glasses prepared by using melt quenching technique. The prepared glasses were characterized by using absorption, excitation and photoluminescence (PL) spectral measurements. The energies of the absorption spectral features called oscillator strengths were calculated using area method and in turn used to evaluate the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6). Such J-O parameters are used to estimate various radiative parameters such as radiative transition probabilities (AR), branching ratios (βR), and radiative lifetimes (τR) for the prominent fluorescent levels of Pr3+ ions in these glasses. The PL spectra of the as prepared glasses show three prominent peaks at wavelengths 488, 646 and 670 nm related to the transitions 3P0 → 3H4, 3P0 → 3F2 and 1D2 → 3H5 respectively for which emission cross-sections and branching ratios were evaluated. The variations in the spectral parameters with the variation of glass matrix composition have been examined in detailed. The decay profiles of the prepared glasses have been recorded to evaluate quantum efficiency of present series of glasses. From the measured branching ratios, emission cross-sections and quantum efficiency, it was concluded that the tungsten tellurite glasses added with potassium fluoride and doped with 1 mol% of Pr3+ions (TeWK glass) are quite suitable to produce visible red emission at 670 nm suitable to fabricate red luminescent devices.

A new series of Sm 3+ ions doped Alkaline-Earth Chloro Borate (AECB) glasses with compositions (25-x)CaO-5SrO-10BaCl 2 -60B 2 O 3 -xSm 2 O 3 (x = 0.1 mol%–2.5 mol%) were prepared by a conventional melt quenching technique and characterized with XRD, absorption, excitation, photoluminescence (PL) and fluorescence decay spectral measurements. From the absorption spectra, Judd-Ofelt (J-O) intensity parameters (Ω 2 , Ω 4 , Ω 6 ) have been measured. The PL spectra under 402 nm excitation show bright reddish-orange emission at 602 nm. The decay spectral profiles of 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 (602 nm) luminescence transition used to measure experimental lifetimes (τ R ). The Inokuti-Hirayama model used to understand the predominant energy transfer mechanism involved in the prepared glasses. The evaluated emission cross-sections ( σ se ), branching ratios ( β R ) and quantum efficiency (η) allows us to contemplate that the Sm 3+ ions doped AECB glasses are aptly suitable as potential gain mediums for visible reddish orange lasers pumped directly by commercially available 405 nm laser diodes.

Dysprosium (Dy3+) ions doped oxy-fluoro boro tellurite glasses were prepared by using melt quenching technique to study their structural and optical properties using XRD, Raman, absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and PL decay spectral measurements. The XRD and Raman spectral patterns were used to confirm the glassy nature and various functional groups present in the prepared glasses respectively. The oscillator strengths measured from the absorption spectral features were used to evaluate the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) intensity parameters. The PL spectra recorded under 386 nm excitation wavelength show two intense peaks; one in blue (485 nm) and the other one in yellow (576 nm) region corresponding to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions respectively. By correlating the J-O parameters with PL spectral data, various radiative properties like radiative transition probability (AR), stimulated emission cross section (σse) and branching ratios (βR) were evaluated for 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 and 6H15/2 transitions. Using the PL decay spectral data the experimental lifetimes have been measured and in turn used to measure the quantum efficiency of the prepared glasses. The yellow to blue intensity ratio (Y/B) has been evaluated to understand the white light emission capacity of the host glass by changing the concentration of Dy3+ ions. In order to understand white light emission capacity of the prepared glasses, the CIE color co-ordinates have also been evaluated. From all the aforementioned studies, it is concluded that 1.0 mol% of Dy3+ ions doped oxy-fluoro boro tellurite glass is aptly suitable for optoelectronic device applications.