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OBJECTIVE The aim: is to analyze the realities and to determine prospects of the medical reform in Ukraine as a method of public administration of healthcare. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The given paper uses an integrated approach, which consists in the study of public administration of healthcare as a single whole with the coordinated functioning of all its constituents; besides this, the methods, which were used at the empirical and theoretical levels, such as, an abstract logical method, a method of analyses and synthesis, and a method of comparison were applied in the given research. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The medical reform is not a goal in itself, but when implementing the reform, it is necessary to consider other related processes, such as globalization, technological progress, urbanization, demographic crisis, macro-economic situation, unfinished distribution of the rights of property in business, specialization. Now, there is «The Strategy of the Reformation of Healthcare of Ukraine». And the proper use of the complex of methods of public administration, directed both at balanced growth of the national health field, and prevention of negative influence of related sectors and fields of national economy guarantees its successful realization.

Over the past two decades, the world has witnessed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), an underlying serious diseases, with a high rate of mortality in patients with comorbidities. Taking into account the clinical features of pulmonary edema, septic shock, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, it seems that the severe course of COVID-19 can manifest itself in the body as a sympathetic storm and, possibly, can underlie many of the pathological processes that occur with COVID-19. It is the regulation of the RAAS by the adrenergic system may be crucially important in the course of COVID-19. This article outlines the benefits of beta blockers use in patients with COVID-19 based on the results of recent clinical and epidemiological studies. It has been shown that treatment with beta-blockers in this group of patients can potentially prevent the development of the disease at the earliest stages, reducing morbidity and mortality, preventing or reducing the development of pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema and complications of septic shock, fatal rhythm disturbances, etc. Of course, the final conclusions are somewhat premature and further research is needed to assess the positive effects of various beta-blockers use in the treatment of COVID-19.

The aim: is to analyze the realities and to determine prospects of the medical reform in Ukraine as a method of public administration of healthcare.Materials and methods: The given paper uses an integrated approach, which consists in the study of public administration of healthcare as a single whole with the coordinated functioning of all its constituents; besides this, the methods, which were used at the empirical and theoretical levels, such as, an abstract logical method, a method of analyses and synthesis, and a method of comparison were applied in the given research.Conclusions: The medical reform is not a goal in itself, but when implementing the reform, it is necessary to consider other related processes, such as globalization, technological progress, urbanization, demographic crisis, macro-economic situation, unfinished distribution of the rights of property in business, specialization. Now, there is «The Strategy of the Reformation of Healthcare of Ukraine». And the proper use of the complex of methods of public administration, directed both at balanced growth of the national health field, and prevention of negative influence of related sectors and fields of national economy guarantees its successful realization.

OBJECTIVE Introduction: In case of hidden carious cavities development on the approximal teeth surfaces, the clinical diagnostics of this process is difficult. Then, the diagnostics of carious lesion is not possible without carrying out X-ray examination. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of clinical and X-ray diagnostics for hidden caries of approximal teeth surfaces. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Condition of 2 963 teeth of 115 people aged from 19 to 55 was analysed. Additionally, a digital panoramic 2D diagnostics (Planmeca ProSensor, Finland) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography 3D Diagnostics (Morita, Japan) were used for clinical examination of patients. RESULTS Results: In both variants of diagnostics, the number of caries defects in the upper jaw was higher than in the lower one, and the frequency of caries lesion of various teeth groups had the following sequence in descending order: molar teeth, premolar teeth, incisor teeth and canine teeth. Hidden carious cavities of average depth and deep were detected with almost the same frequency in both variants of the study, which by 1.9 - 2.0 times respectively exceeded the frequency of superficial carious cavities detection (p = 0.0001). According to the results of clinical studies, hidden superficial carious cavities occurred in single cases and X-ray examination improved their diagnostics by 9.6 times (p = 0.0000). CONCLUSION Conclusions: X-ray examination allows increasing the effectiveness of diagnostics of hidden carious cavities of approximal localization by 1.2 times on the whole (p

Aim. Ukrainian breeders have created a large number of sweet cherry cultivars, which still remain almost unexplored at the molecular level. The aim of our study was to identify the self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles) in Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces, and to elucidate, to which cross-incompatibility group the cultivars belong. Methods. The PCR was conducted using consensus primers to the first and second introns of S-RNAse gene and to the single intron of SFB gene. The electrophoretic analysis of the PCR products of the second intron of S-RNAse was carried out in agarose gel, whereas detection of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments of the first S-RNAse intron and the SFB intron was performed using a genetic analyzer. Results. The S-alleles of 25 Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and 10 landraces were identified. The S-alleles frequencies and affiliation of cultivars and landraces to the groups of cross-incompatibility were determined. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs and by planning of industrial plantings. Conclusions. In the study, 12 different S-alleles and 79 S-haplotypes were identified. The S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S9 alleles are the most widespread among Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces. The high frequencies of S5 and especially of S9 alleles are characteristic for the Ukrainian cultivars and distinguish them from other European ones. For the Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, the XXXVII (S5S9) cross-incompatibility group appeared to be the most numerous.Keywords: Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, S-locus, Sgenotypes, self- and cross-incompatibility, Prunus avium.

ISSR-PCR markers were used to assess genetic diversity and to elucidate relatedness among 21 Ukrainian and 3 West European sweet cherry varieties, which are widely cultivated in Ukraine. The discriminatory potential was tested for 11 ISSR-PCR primers, which produced 193 amplicons. UBC 835, 836, 841 and 881 were identified as the best primers suitable for routine application. The studied cultivars appear to be genetically highly heterogenic and can be divided in two main groups. The first one includes closely related cultivars obtained by hybridization of Drogan’s Yellow (Drogans gelbe Knorpelkirsche), Valerii Chkalov and some other forms. The second group comprises less similar cultivars derived from several West-European and unknown ancestors. Origin of several Ukrainian cultivars is discussed.

Aim. To estimate the possibilities of using the promising apple cultivars, created by the Institute of Horticul- ture (IH) NAAS, in the breeding programs according to the availability of valuable allele variants of gene Rf, related to red color of apple fruit. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in agarose gel, the evaluation of phenotype manifestation of the color trait of apple skin according to the grading system. Results. 17 genotypes of apple cultivars of different genetic origin, including 12 cultivars, breeded by IH NAAS, were identifi ed by allele variants of gene Rf. The comparison was made between the genetic analysis results and visual observations of the phenotype manifestation of fruit skin color of different apple cultivars. Conclusions. Apple cultivars Amulet, Perlyna Kyeva and Edera, which are homozygous carriers of dominant alleles А 1 and А 2 of gene Rf are recommended as basic forms in selection programs. It was demonstrated that exact prediction of apple skin color was possible only in case of the available homozygous genotype by both alleles of gene Rf.

Background Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in chronic heart failure treatment. However, the impact of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on treatment efficacy in diabetic patients with heart failure with preserved preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) depending on M235T polymorphism of ATG is still unknown. Aim To estimate the efficacy of ACE inhibitors and ARBs therapy in diabetic patient with HFpEF depending on the polymorphism of the M235T of the ATG gene. Methods A total of eighty-two patients (50 females and 32 males; mean age 62,9±8,1 years) with HFpEF and type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined. Sixty-two patients were carriers of 235T allele (MT+TT genotypes), 20 patients had MM genotype of M235T polymorphism of ATG, which was determined by using of polymerase chain reaction. All patients were divided into 4 groups depending on genotypes taking Ramipril or Valsartan during 12 months. Clinical examination, 6 minute walking test, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) have been used. All statistical tests were 2-tailed and p Results It was not found the significant difference in efficacy of treatment using Valsartan or Ramipril in diabetic patients with genotype MM with HFpEF, whereas in the presence of the T allele of the polymorphism of the M235T ATG, use of valsartan was more effective. Table shows the dynamics of the investigated parameters. Dynamics of parametrs during treatment Parameters HFpEF and DM2T, TT or MT HFpEF and DM2T, MM Ramipril (n=22) Valsartan (n=21) Ramipril (n=10) Valsartan (n=10) Baseline After 12 months treatment Baseline After 12 months treatment Baseline After 12 months treatment Baseline After 12 months treatment SBP, mm Hg 172.0 [157.2; 178.5] 150.0 [132.0; 152.0]* 165.0 [145.3; 174.2] 128.0 [126.0; 134.0]* 167,5 [152.5; 176.0] 140.0 [134.0; 142.0] 160,0 [144.0; 170.0] 146.0 [138.0; 150.0] DBP, mm Hg 98.0 [86.0; 104.0] 92.0 [80.0; 94.0]* 96.0 [82.0; 100.0] 86.0 [80.0; 88.0]* 102.0 [84.0; 106.0] 98.0 [84.0; 100.0] 99.0 [80.0; 100.0] 94.0 [80.0; 96.0] 6 min test, m 313,0 [226,7; 375,5] 320,0 [236,4; 384,6]* 342.5 [258.0; 393.7] 372,0 [262,7; 397,9]* 305.0 [190.5; 375.0] 315.0 [198.5; 384.0] 328.0 [295.0; 401.0] 342.0 [298.0; 410.0] MLHFQ 62,0 [50,0; 71,2] 56,0 [46,5; 68,4]* 61.5 [50.5; 71.5] 40.5 [36.5; 56.5]* 60.0 [47.0; 76.2] 54.0 [43.0; 70.0] 58.0 [49.5; 76.2] 58.0 [49.5; 76.2] Dispnea, % 100 90* 100 70* 100 90 100 80 Edema, % 68,1 54,5* 61,9 33,3* 50 40 60 60 SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MLHFQ, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; statistically significant changes (p Conclusion Use of Valsartan comparing to Ramipril in diabetic T allele carriers of M235T polymorphism of ATG with HFpEF was independently associated with more effective clinical signs of heart failure improvement, blood pressure decrease, quality of life according to the MLHFQ and physical activity tolerance increase.

Introduction: In case of hidden carious cavities development on the approximal teeth surfaces, the clinical diagnostics of this process is difficult. Then, the diagnostics of carious lesion is not possible without carrying out X-ray examination. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of clinical and X-ray diagnostics for hidden caries of approximal teeth surfaces.Materials and methods: Condition of 2 963 teeth of 115 people aged from 19 to 55 was analysed. Additionally, a digital panoramic 2D diagnostics (Planmeca ProSensor, Finland) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography 3D Diagnostics (Morita, Japan) were used for clinical examination of patients.Results: In both variants of diagnostics, the number of caries defects in the upper jaw was higher than in the lower one, and the frequency of caries lesion of various teeth groups had the following sequence in descending order: molar teeth, premolar teeth, incisor teeth and canine teeth. Hidden carious cavities of average depth and deep were detected with almost the same frequency in both variants of the study, which by 1.9 - 2.0 times respectively exceeded the frequency of superficial carious cavities detection (p = 0.0001). According to the results of clinical studies, hidden superficial carious cavities occurred in single cases and X-ray examination improved their diagnostics by 9.6 times (p = 0.0000).Conclusions: X-ray examination allows increasing the effectiveness of diagnostics of hidden carious cavities of approximal localization by 1.2 times on the whole (p0,05). In such cases orthopantomography (OPG) has reasonably sufficient diagnostic capabilities. Definitely, 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has much more diagnostic capabilities, but its use can not be justified for the diagnostics of caries only.

Objective:To develop diagnostic model of negative cardiovascular events prediction in hypertensive patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Design and method:A total of eighty-three hypertensive patients (II –III stage) with HFpEF

First is a description of the Eocene fish coprolites Selachicoprus volgensis Khosatskyet Vialov of sections Ak-kaya and Prolom (Belogorsky region, Crimea). The data obtained are expanding information about trace fossils vertebrates Paleogene and justify their prospects further researches of Cenozoic deposits of Ukraine. Investigated two coprolites location in Belogorsk region of Crimea. The first of them is a career gap, which is located on the left bank district. Kuchuk Karasu, about 1 km south of the village Prolom and the second is near the village Bila Skelia (White Rock) on the right bank Biyuk-Karasu was open N.I. Udovychenko and luhansk paleontologists studied for over 20 years. Should be noted that maximum concentration remains of vertebrates, with whom coprolites are found, there is a layer 4 and bottom layer 6, which are composed greenish-brown sand, glauconite, calcareous concretions of small phosphorite, small grains mixed gravel and greenish-yellow calcareous clay, sandstone with very large admixture of glauconite, phosphorite concretions small. The presence of well-preserved coprolites indicates the existence of the bottom of the reservoir areas inviting waters, and the presence of dissolved phosphates, which are not allowed to chemically break down coprolites. Keywords: coprolites, Eocene, Oligocene, Crimea.