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Nano-Perovskite materials of Gd-doped BiFeO3 catalyzed the oxidation of glycerol into formic acid in the liquid phase under atmospheric conditions.

Consider the constant flow of a viscous, electrically conducting, and compressible fluid in pathways made by two infinitely equivalent permeable surfaces divided by a length h. The x-axis extends in the flow path along the bottom stationary plate, whereas the y-axis is orthogonal to the surfaces. The channel plates are subjected to a consistent transverse magnetic field that is implemented perpendicularly. In this subject, two scenarios are investigated. The first is the Couette flow, In the second scenario, both porous surfaces are parallel and fixed at a range of 2h, and the motion is Poiseuille flow controlled by pressure. The flow across the x-axis is supposed to be totally generated and dependent on y- exclusively. The governed system is solved using help of analytical solutions. It is found that the entropy generation is higher near the cloud porous plate in comparison to the hot porous plate and the rising values of suction/injection parameter boost up the fluid temperature. The enhancement of magnetic field parameter causes to reduce the momentum boundary layer thickness. The Brinkman number improves the thermal boundary thickness. The magnetic field parameter, suction/injection and Brinkmann number accelerates the entropy generation in both cases.

The experiences of people from marginalised communities have always been different in all shared social spaces. This article attempts to unpack the experiences of children from marginalised Boom Boom Maatukarar community of Tamil Nadu inside the classroom. It sheds light on the stigma and discrimination faced by children from this community in order to access school and attain education, which is supposed to have an equalising effect on unequal societies. It also explores the power of stigma and how it acts as an abstract and concrete factor that affects the life and experiences of children from this community.

The extensive application of pesticides on fruits and vegetables during cultivation leads to potential risk to the environment and human health. The pesticide decontamination in fruits and vegetabl...

We report the synthesis of multiferroic BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles using the microwave combustion technique. Phase evolution is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which confirms that the formation of a secondary α-Bi2O3 phase with a monoclinic structure along with the existing rhombohedral (BiFeO3) structure. The average crystalline size has been found at 50 nm. The optical band gap was calculated from the Tauc’s plot it has been found 2.18 eV, as measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The appearances of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) absorption bands at 550 and 444 cm-1 were correlated to the rhombohedral stretching modes of bismuth ferrite nanostructure. The morphology observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the formation of nanosized grains with pores. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was done to confirm the extent of Bi3+, Fe3+, and O2- in the samples. The magnetization-Field (M-H) hysteresis curves recorded from the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed the appearance of ferrimagnetic behavior at room temperature. The specific surface area characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm is found 44.86 m2 g-1 using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique. The as-fabricated BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles were investigated for their superior catalytic activity in two applications, which include (i) the conversion of glycerol to formic acid in a selective liquid phase batch reactor at atmospheric pressure. This bismuth-based nanoparticles exhibit as an efficient multifunctional catalyst with high conversion and selectivity efficiency around 99.2% and 98.5%, respectively, (ii) the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation is found maximum efficiency (99.9%), when a small amount of H2O2 was added during photocatalysis, indicating the samples possessed photo-Fenton like catalytic activity. Finally, we concluded that the BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles' high performance in future multifunctional devices is demonstrated by the simultaneous enhancement of catalytic and photocatalytic activities.

Ca2+ substituted La2CuO4 (LCC) perovskite nanostructures have been prepared by microwave combustion. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the undoped La2CuO4 (LCC0) crystallizes within a single perovskite-type phase with an orthorhombic crystal structure. For smaller Ca2+ doping of 0.1 (LCC1), a minor impurity was observed, while for concentrations 0.2 (LCC2) and 0.3 (LCC3), orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transformation occurs. In contrast, the tetragonal phase disappears at 0.4 and 0.5 (LCC4 and LCC5) as confirmed by XRD and Rietveld refinements. The orthorhombic and tetragonal perovskite phases have an average crystallite size in range 34.2–54.3 nm and 39.8–39.4 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study established the characteristic absorption bands of La2CuO4 perovskite orthorhombic structure; the correlated bands are observed at 683 cm−1 for La-O and 516 cm−1 for Cu-O stretching modes. The optical band gap as determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) increases then decreases with increasing Ca2+ content due to the quantum confinement effect. The surface morphology observations using scanning electron microscopy display nano-sized pores and pore walls are fused grain boundaries. Magnetization-field curves exhibit a ferro-/paramagnetic behavior for undoped La2CuO4 while Ca-doped system has only a paramagnetic behavior due to the exchange of A and B sites within La2CuO4 host lattice.

La2CuO4/LaFeO3 perovskite nanocomposites were prepared using a microwave combustion technique. The structural characterization by XRD and Rietveld refinements confirmed that Fe3+ substitution in La2CuO4 (LFC) induced the crystallization of secondary LaFeO3 phase. The orthorhombic/cubic nanostructured composites exhibited an average crystallite size in the range 37–47 nm and 14–39 nm, respectively. FTIR spectra revealed bands at 517, 683, and 561 cm−1, characteristics of perovskites orthorhombic and cubic stretching modes. With the increase in Fe3+ doping concentration, the optical band gap increased gradually. Surface morphology showed nanosized crystalline grains agglomerated with spherical and non-spherical shapes. The doping dependence of the magnetisation indicated magnetic transition from ferromagnetic to the paramagnetic state at room temperature. The bifunctional nanocomposites La2CuO4/LaFeO3 exhibited excellent catalytic performance and better conversion efficiency (conversion 100% and selectivity 98.6%) for glycerol.

This research work evaluates the impact of 1.2% pomegranate peel extract (Pp) (Punica granatum), 0.1% grapefruit seed (Gfs) (Citrus paradisi) extract, and synthetic preservative 1.25% sodiu...

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of active compound kinetics on biofilm inhibition and quorum quenching in chicken meat. The results showed that 20–40 g/100 mL of exopolysaccharide inhibition can be achieved through treatment of particle size reduced S. aromaticum and C. cassia in P. aeruginosa. Inhibition of AHL molecules in P. aeruginosa exhibits the quorum quenching potentials of particle size reduced S. aromaticum and C. cassia. Application of spice fused edible films over chicken meat was found to inhibit its microbiota, through diffusion of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol at the rate of 0.79 × 10−15 ± 0.02 × 10−15 and 0.75 × 10−10 ± 0.03 × 10−10 cm2/s, respectively. Antimicrobial and AHL inhibition capabilities of spices were found to be the major contributors for shelf life extension of chicken meat. Particle size reduced S. aromaticum and C. cassia was found to be effective in control of lipid and protein oxidation in chicken meat stored at 4 °C.

La₂CuO₄ (LCO) perovskite nanoparticle was synthesized by microwave assisted combustion method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), respectively. The XRD confirmed the formation of a single orthorhombic phase. The average crystallite size of LCO samples were 39.6 nm and 46.4 nm. This LCO perovskite nanoparticle was evaluated for the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde in liquid phase batch reactor at atmospheric conditions. The conversions were studied by using different solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, n-hexane, and temperature varying from 60 °C to 90 °C and reaction time from 1 to 4 h duration. 50 mg of catalyst, 50 mmol of DMSO, 50 mmol of methanol, temperature at 70 °C and 4 h duration was the optimized condition to achieve 100% methanol conversion and 98% selectivity of formaldehyde. The reaction pathway of methanol to formaldehyde conversion is discussed.

The principal aim of the present study is to develop a method for the production of cellulose nanofibers, from the banana peel (BP) and bract (BB). It is also the aim of this study to produce cellulose-based biopolymers through acetyl and lauroyl modifications. The microwave digestion method and ball milling assisted ultra-sonication method was optimized for sustainable extraction of micro and nano cellulose fibers, respectively. The microwave digestion method was found to be effective in the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Micro and nano cellulose fibers of BP and BB were found to contain type I cellulose structure. Thermal stability and crystallinity index of cellulose nanofibers were examined to be higher than it's native micro cellulose. Nano cellulose fibers were examined to be a potential source for production of acetyl and lauroyl cellulose, with a high degree of substitution and thermal stability. Hence, microwave digestion and ball milling assisted ultra-sonication method was proven to be effective in the extraction of nano cellulose fiber for development of cellulose-based polymers.

Oral disintegrating films (ODFs) are one of the forms of drug delivery system with better patient compliance. The advantage is that it disintegrates quickly when placed on the tongue and has better bioavailability.The aim of this study is to develop an ODF usingThisThe chemical composition of aqueous extracts ofData were analyzed statistically, one-way analysis of variance followed byMIC was 25 μg/ml for

Syzygium cumini(L.) Skeels (jamun) is a medically important fruit with numerous health protective effects. Seeds of this fruit contain 74.5 % NFE (nitrogen free extracts) and therefore possess a good source of carbohydrates. This fraction consists of high molecular weight carbohydrates (HMWC) like inulin (41.1 %) and resistant starch (3.9 mg/L); and hitherto unquantified low molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWC). This study was performed to extract and quantify LMWC from jamun seeds. To extract LMWC, ethanol concentration, extraction time and solute particle size were evaluated in 21 experimental designs using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the central composite rotatable design (CCRD). A quadratic polynomial equation was obtained by multiple regression analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested significance of the factors and their interactions at 95 % confidence interval. High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography – Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) was used to characterize the prebiotic fraction into individual sugars. Prebiotic potential of LMWC was established by calculating the Prebiotic Activity Score (PAS). A maximum LMWC yield (21 g / 100 g) was obtained when extraction was performed with 50 % ethanol as solvent for 80 to 85 h using the seed powder with 0.6 mm particle size. The predicted yield was in agreement with the experimental value and therefore proved the suitability of the RSM model. This model could be used as a standard for scaling up LMWC extraction from jamun seeds. A positive PAS of 1.532 ± 0.008 ascertained the prebiotic efficacy of the LMWC extracts. This score reflected the ability of probiotics like Lactobacillus acidophilus to gainfully utilize the LMWC in the growth medium in comparison to pathogenic strains like Escherichia coli.

Background: Public awareness and health education on warning symptoms of transient ischemic attack and earlystroke by optimum use of existing mass media is of utmost importance in the success of stroke campaigns. Thereis a scarcity of data available on effectiveness of stroke awareness programme.Objective: The present study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the effectiveness of stroke awarenessprogramme among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANM) atRamanagara district of Karnataka State.Material and Methods: This was an interventional study conducted between January 2015 to January 2016 with139 study subjects. In this study, a pretested semi structured questionnaire containing 50 questions across differentdomains was used to collect data and the stroke manual — “Stroke Care Resource Manual in The Community”was provided to all the study subjects for reading. Pre-test and post-test interventions were conducted at districttraining hall of Ramanagara with the support of local district programme manager. Based on the scoring pattern,the level of awareness amongst ASHA and ANM workers for each domain as well as overall stroke awarenesswas computed. The assimilated data was analyzed using various statistical methods – descriptive statistics (mean,standard deviation, standard error) and t-test was used to access the response scores obtained in each domain, preand post training. p-value

Strontium doped lanthanum cuprate perovskite-type nanostructures were synthesized by facile microwave assisted combustion method. The structural, optical, morphological, and magnetic properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), photoluminescence (PL) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques.The XRD patterns of pure La 2 CuO 4 (LC) and La 1.9 Sr 0.1 CuO 4 confirmed the formation of perovskite structure without impurities. However with the increase in Sr 2+ content from ( x = 0.2–0.5), phase transformation from orthorhombic to tetragonal structure, occurred. The average crystallite size of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were in the range 39.6–47.4 nm and 22.3–88.0 nm, respectively. The presence of tensile strain in Sr 2+ doped LC (LSC) was determined from Williamson–Hall (W–H) analysis. The appearance of FT-IR bands at around 688 and 521 cm -1 were correlated to the La-O and Cu-O stretching modes of orthorhombic La 2 CuO 4 phase. The direct band gap estimated using Kubelka–Munk (K–M) method increased with increasing Sr 2+ content (1.88–2.03 eV), due to quantum confinement. For LC and LSC, PL spectra showed emission bands in UV and visible regions, due to the defect centers acting as trap levels. The LSC system showed the formation of nanosized crystallized grains with pores and pore-walls due to fused grains. Magnetization–Field (M−H) hysteresis curves revealed the appearance of ferro-/para- magnetic behavior at room temperature.

Barium doped La 2 CuO 4 perovskite nanoparticles were synthesized via microwave assisted combustion method. The effects of Ba 2+ doping on structural, optical, magnetic and catalytic activity of La 2 CuO 4 have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The XRD patterns of pure La 2 CuO 4 and La 1.9 Ba 0.1 CuO 4 confirmed the formation of perovskite structure without impurities. However, with increasing Ba 2+ content in the range 0.2–0.5, phase transformation from orthorhombic to tetragonal structure, occurred. The average crystallite size of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were in the range 45.2–52.2 nm and 0.5–41 nm, respectively. The appearance of FT-IR bands at around 685 and 517 cm −1 were correlated to the La-O and Cu-O stretching modes of orthorhombic La 2 CuO 4 phase. The direct band gap estimated using Kubelka–Munk (K–M) method decreased with the increase in Ba 2+ content (1.88–1.64 eV), due to the formation of sub-bands in the energy band gap. Magnetic measurements of doped La 2 CuO 4 samples showed either para- or ferro-/para- magnetic behaviour at room temperature. The catalytic activity (oxidation) tests carried out in a batch reactor operating under atmospheric conditions indicated that the prepared catalysts, in particular (La 1.7 Ba 0.3 CuO 4 ), showed excellent catalytic activity.

The reduction efficiency of the extracts of Albizia amara and Acacia concinna against most widely used organophosphorus pesticides such as dimethoate, malathion, dichlorvos, and chlorpyrifos on tomato samples was investigated. The pesticide residues were quantified by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC‐MS/MS). The maximum reduction efficiency was achieved from the samples treated with 8% A. concinna extract on dichlorvos (87%) and dimethoate (84%) followed by 6% A. amara on malathion (83%) and chlorpyrifos (64%) and comparatively higher than water wash and it shows the reduction of only 14–38% for 15 min. The sensorial property and lycopene content of tomato samples were assessed and these plant extracts showed no significant effects on color, texture, and lycopene content after washing treatment. These phytochemical rich plant extracts exhibited greater reduction ability against pesticide residues without changing the nutritional and sensorial characteristics of the treated tomato samples. The current study may be a platform for formulating a cost‐effective, safe, and natural cleanser for the effective removal of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Presence of multiple pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is a worldwide problem in food safety. Particularly, tomatoes are most often consumed without cooking, hence it is essential to estimate the pesticide reduction efficiency of the common washing procedure. Washing of tomatoes with chemical solutions to remove pesticide residues leads to additional chemical exposure. Therefore, the reduction efficiency of natural plant extracts such as Albizia amara and Acacia concinna on four pesticides (dimethoate, malathion, dichlorvos, and chlorpyrifos) was studied. The method for the analysis of pesticide using GC‐MS/MS was validated according to SANTE 11813/2017 to detect the pesticide residues in tomatoes after each washing treatment. This study showed that the natural extracts could be a good tool for the removal of multipesticide residues effectively from the tomatoes without compromising its nutritional and sensory properties. The pesticide decontamination with plant extracts was effective, economic and safe for household and commercial applications.

The aim of the present study is to extract potential thermoplastic polysaccharides from agricultural industrial wastes. Polysaccharides were extracted from renewable agro industrial wastes such as tamarind seeds [rich in starch (TSS)], okra head waste [rich in mucilage polysaccharide (OMP)], sugarcane bagasse [rich in cellulose (SBC)] and residual rice mill wastes [rich in starch and fiber (RS)]. Urigam variety of tamarind seed starch found to be an amylose rich starch. Different polysaccharides extracted from agro wastes were found to be having high thermal stability, except okra polysaccharide (comparatively low). X-ray diffraction pattern of tamarind seed starch proved its high crystallinity index. Crystallinity index of investigated polysaccharides were found to be in the order of SBC > TSS > RS > OMP. Chemical nature of extracted polysaccharides was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Residual rice bran starch granules and tamarind seed starch globules were found to be having comparatively reduced particle size than sugarcane bagasse cellulose and okra mucilage. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the cluster formations of RS granules and TSS globules. Residual rice bran starch found to be associated with other fibers (present in outer coat of rice). Okra mucilage and SBC were examined to be having linear sheets and linear bundles structures, respectively.

The main aim of the present study is to extract and characterize cashew nut shell (CNS) starch and walnut shell cellulose (WNC) for development of cellulose reinforced starch films. Moreover, the extraction and characterization of pomegranate peel extract, for incorporation with CNS-WNC films, was investigated. CNS starch was examined to be a moderate amylose starch with 26.32 ± 0.43% amylose content. Thermal degradation temperature of CNS starch was found to be 310 °C. Walnut shell cellulose was found to have high crystallinity index of 72%, with two thermal degradation temperatures of 319 °C and 461 °C. 2% WN cellulose reinforced CNS starch films were examined to have good oxygen transfer rate, mechanical and physical properties. Thermal degradation temperature of CNS-WNC starch films were found to be at the range of 298-302 °C. Surface roughness of CNS-WNC starch films were found to be increasing with increase in concentration of cellulose in films. Hydroxymethylfurfurole, Benzene, 2-methoxy-1,3,4-trimethyl and 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-acetate were found to be major active compounds present in hydrophilic extracts of Punica granatum peels. 2% WN cellulose reinforced starch films infused with hydrophilic active compounds of pomegranate peel was examined to be having good active package properties.

Cobalt substituted La2CuO4/LaCoO3 perovskite nanocomposites were prepared using a microwave combustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that Co2+ substitution in La2CuO4 induced the formation of a secondary LaCoO3 phase with rhombohedral structure along with the existing orthorhombic (La2CuO4) structure. The orthorhombic/rhombohedral structured nanocomposites possessed an average crystallite size in the range of 36–46 nm and 21–49 nm, respectively. The Rietveld analysis confirmed the formation of these two phases. The appearance of FT-IR bands around 682 and 512 cm−1 was correlated to the orthorhombic stretching modes while the bands around 580 and 445 cm−1 were associated with the rhombohedral stretching modes thereby confirming the two-phase perovskite system. An optical study revealed two linear regions depicting two band gaps related to the La2CuO4 and LaCoO3 phases. The band gap was found to increase with an increase in the Co2+ doping fraction. Morphological observations using scanning electron microscopy showed intragranular pores and fused grains with distinct grain boundaries. The change in the magnetic properties was associated most probably with the exchange of the A and B sites within the La2CuO4 host lattice because of Co2+ doping, as well as the important phase composition of La2CuO4/LaCoO3 obtained from the ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition. The BET surface area of the pure and doped nanocomposites was found to vary considerably within the range of 12.2–43.7 m2 g−1. The as-fabricated La2CuO4/LaCoO3 perovskite nanocomposites were evaluated for the conversion of glycerol to formic acid in a liquid phase batch reactor under atmospheric conditions. This La3+ based nanocomposite behaves as an efficient bifunctional catalyst with high conversion efficiency and selectivity around 96.5% and 95.1%, respectively.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of spice fused edible films on shelf life parameters of beef meat. Effects of spice fused edible film on pH, color, lipid oxidation and microbial parameters of beef meat were analyzed. Control of lipid oxidation and microbial spoilage were observed in edible film wrapped beef meat. Shelf life of edible film wrapped beef meat was estimated to be 22 days for storage at 10 °C and 32 days for storage in 4 °C. Response surface methodology was found to be a suitable tool for constructing a predictive model for shelf life parameters of beef meat. Correlation coefficient (R2) scores for individual shelf life parameters of edible film wrapped beef samples were estimated to be more than 0.80. Thus, constructed polynomial equation models were found to be fit for prediction of shelf life parameters.

The objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of Caralluma fimbriata an edible succulent cactus as natural antioxidants for retarding acrylamide formation, lipid oxidation, and the degradation of bioactive compounds in French fries due to frying at 190°C. The fresh Caralluma fimbriata extract exhibited the highest phenolic content of 96.4 ± 0.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/g when the raw potato extract showed significantly 27.4 ± 0.3 mg GAE/g before frying. The Caralluma fimbriata extract had the higher flavonoid content of 54.4 ± 0.1 mg of Quercetin equivalent/g, while the raw potato had 38.8 ± 0.2 mg of Quercetin equivalent/g. The total flavonols and flavanols in Caralluma fimbriata were significantly high, and those were found to be 27.6 ±0.8 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g and 19.1 ±0.6 mg Catechin equivalent/g, respectively, and, eventually, higher than potato extract. These bioactive compounds are easily degraded due to frying at high temperatures. The Caralluma fimbriata extract reta...