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2. Production and characterization of a traceable NORM material and its use in proficiency testing of gamma-ray spectrometry laboratories

Author

J. Riedl, M. Stietka, H. Wiedner, Andreas Baumgartner, F. Kabrt, and F.J. Maringer

Subjects
Radiation, business.industry, Proficiency test, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0104 chemical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental chemistry, Norm (mathematics), Proficiency testing, Environmental science, Process engineering, business, Gamma ray spectrometry
Abstract

This paper outlines the process of characterizing a new NORM material for proficiency testing made of quartz sand with significantly elevated levels of 226Ra obtained from the backflush of a drinking water treatment facility. Samples of the fully characterized NORM material were sent to European laboratories concerned with radioactivity measurements and environmental monitoring by gamma-ray spectrometry for proficiency testing. The paper discusses the results, specific requirements, problems and solutions that were found during the characterization process and the proficiency test.

Published
2018

3. Study of particular problems appearing in NORM samples and recommendations for best practice gamma-ray spectrometry

Author

F. Kabrt, M. Stietka, Hannah Wiedner, F.J. Maringer, and Andreas Baumgartner

Subjects
Radiation, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0104 chemical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Norm (mathematics), Statistics, Gamma ray spectrometry
Abstract

In this paper spectral interference effects for selected gamma-emitting radionuclides of the natural decay series and 40K in selected NORM samples are studied. Recommendations for the choice of γ-lines and the consideration of possible spectral interferences are provided. Special attention is given to the radon tightness of the sample containers. A simple and sensitive method for the estimation of the 222Rn leakage of sample containers is introduced. The applied polystyrene sample containers show 222Rn leakages lower than 1%.

Published
2017

4. Long-term environmental radioactive contamination of Europe due to the Chernobyl accident - Results of the Joint Danube Survey 2013

Author

Claudia Ackerl, Christopher Burger-Scheidlin, Jan M. Welch, M. Stietka, Andreas Baumgartner, Johannes H. Sterba, F.J. Maringer, and Maria Kocadag

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Light nucleus, Time Factors, Potassium Radioisotopes, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rivers, Radiation Monitoring, Surveys and Questionnaires, Radioactive contamination, Humans, Hydrology, Radionuclide, Radiation, Sediment, 0104 chemical sciences, Europe, Spectrometry, Gamma, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Cesium Radioisotopes, Radionuclide metrology, Radiometric analysis, Strontium Radioisotopes, Scintillation Counting, Environmental science, Strontium-90
Abstract

In the course of the Joint Danube Survey 3 (JDS3), coordinated by the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), laboratory ships travelled 2375km down the Danube River engaging in sampling, processing and on-board analyses during the summer of 2013. The results of the radiometric analysis of 90Sr, 137Cs and natural radionuclides in recent riverbed sediment are presented. The activity concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in Danube sediments have been found below 100Bq/kg.

Published
2017

5. Measurement strategies for radon in indoor air of waterworks – a review

Author

F. Kabrt, M. Stietka, F.J. Maringer, and Andreas Baumgartner

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Indoor air, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Effective dose (radiation), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0104 chemical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Open water, Operation mode, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Environmental science, High activity, Dose reduction, Water treatment, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

In waterworks, 222 Rn can exhale in large amounts through open water surfaces and cause a significant dose contribution. Annual effective doses up to 56 mSv y −1 are documented in literature. This paper gives a literature review on studies associated with radon measurements in indoor air of waterworks − covering more than 800 waterworks in nine regions. Special attention is given to the assessment of the workers' effective dose, which can be done either on basis of the personal exposure or on basis of the local activity concentrations and the residence times. Especially at facilities with a water treatment, large diurnal variations depending on its operation mode were reported. The average 222 Rn concentrations may considerably differ during the time spent of the staff and do not allow to determine the correct annual effective doses. Personal detectors avoid this problem and do not require the survey of the residence times, while the determination of the local exposure allows for the identification of spots with high activity concentrations to set dose reduction measures.

Published
2017

6. International comparison of activity measurements of radon 222 - EURAMET Project n°1475 - EURAMET.RI(II)-S8.Rn-222

Author

F.J. Maringer, A. Honig, C Frechou, F. Cardellini, Matej Krivošík, Catalina Barna, C. Teodorescu, Benoît Sabot, Aurelian Luca, Philippe Cassette, J. Sluciak, Rainer Dersch, Maria Sahagia, Florian Mertes, Andrei Antohe, S. Röttger, Sylvie Pierre, L. Szucs, Frédéric Juget, M. Stietka, and P. Blahusiak

Subjects
General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, Unit volume, 01 natural sciences, Metrology, 010309 optics, Activity measurements, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, Value (economics), Environmental science, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Main text An international comparison of activity per unit volume of 222Rn (EURAMET project N° 1475, registered in KCDB as supplementary comparison EURAMET.RI(II)-S8.Rn-222) was organised in 2019 within the framework of the European project MetroRADON. The LNE-LNHB is the pilot of the comparison. Samples of 222Rn gas provided by the LNE-LNHB were sent to the participants and were measured using various techniques. The reference value is the power moderated mean (PMM) (Pommé, 2013) of the seven submitted results. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Published
2021

7. INTRODUCTION AND TESTING OF A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE RADON EMANATION

Author

F. Kabrt, F.J. Maringer, Andreas Baumgartner, and M. Stietka

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_element, Characterisation of pore space in soil, Radon, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Radiation Monitoring, Activity concentration, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Measurement method, Radiation, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Petroleum engineering, Construction Materials, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Noble gas, General Medicine, respiratory tract diseases, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Air Pollutants, Radioactive, Air Pollution, Indoor, Environmental science
Abstract

The radioactive noble gas radon is identified as the highest risk factor for lung cancer after smoking. The exhalation of radon from building materials can contribute to the radon indoor activity concentration. Therefore, the emanation of radon might be a crucial factor. It is defined as the release of radon from the solid soil matter into the pore space of the material. This article describes a new on-site measurement method for the emanation of radon from building materials at industrial sites. Therefore, a closed vessel with sample material and a passive radon detector inside is used to measure the integrated build-up-curve of the activity concentration. Additionally, a brief overview on existing radon emanation measurement methods is given.

Published
2017

8. Advancements in NORM metrology – Results and impact of the European joint research project MetroNORM

Author

Branko Vodenik, L. Szucs, Stefaan Pommé, Jiři Hůlka, F. Cardellini, M. Reis, F.J. Maringer, N. Michielsen, Alexander Mauring, V. Peyres, Simon Jerome, J C J Dean, M. Stietka, Monika Mazanova, Guillaume Lutter, Mikael Hult, Andreas Baumgartner, Bogusław Michalik, F. Kabrt, Roy Pöllänen, Hannah Wiedner, Sylvie Pierre, Cyrus Larijani, Maria Marouli, P. Kovář, Teresa Crespo, Philippe Cassette, Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying [Vienna] (BEV), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences [Wien] (BOKU), Université médicale de Vienne, Autriche, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Statni Ustav Radiacni Ochrany, JRC Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements [Geel] (IRMM), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Geel] (JRC), Cesky Metrologicky Institut Brno (CMI), Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Główny Instytut Górnictwa, Laboratoire de Physique et de Métrologie des Aérosols (DSU/SERAC/LPMA), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority [Helsinki] (STUK), Fluminense Federal University [Niterói], Magyar Kereskedelmi Engedelyezesi Hivatal (MKEH), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), European Project: IND57,MetroNORM, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Laboratoire de Physique et de Métrologie des Aérosols (IRSN/DSU/SERAC/LPMA)

Subjects
In-situ alpha spectrometry, Engineering, EFFICIENCY, Decay data, Nanotechnology, Natural radionuclides, Radionuclide metrology, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], DETECTOR, Gamma ray spectrometry, Natural radioactivity, Radiation, business.industry, GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY, 0104 chemical sciences, Metrology, Joint research, Activity measurements, NORM, Norm (mathematics), Systems engineering, RADON, business
Abstract

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology - Low Level Radioactivity Measurement Techniques (ICRM-LLRMT), 26 -30 September 2016, Seattle, USA; International audience; The results of the three years European Metrology Research Programme's (EMRP) joint research project 'Metrology for processing materials with high natural radioactivity' (MetroNORM) are presented. In this project, metrologically sound novel instruments and procedures for laboratory and in-situ NORM activity measurements have been developed. Additionally, standard reference materials and sources for traceable calibration and improved decay data of natural radionuclides have been established.

Published
2017

9. Activity measurement and effective dose modelling of natural radionuclides in building material

Author

Andreas Baumgartner, M. Stietka, F. Rechberger, C. Seidel, and F.J. Maringer

Subjects
Radioisotopes, Radionuclide, Radiation, Construction Materials, business.industry, External beam radiation, Building material, Environmental Exposure, engineering.material, Radiation Dosage, Effective dose (radiation), Activity measurements, Models, Chemical, Radiation Monitoring, Air Pollution, Indoor, Austria, Environmental chemistry, Activity concentration, engineering, Environmental science, Computer Simulation, Radiation protection, business, Process engineering
Abstract

In this paper the assessment of natural radionuclides' activity concentration in building materials, calibration requirements and related indoor exposure dose models is presented. Particular attention is turned to specific improvements in low-level gamma-ray spectrometry to determine the activity concentration of necessary natural radionuclides in building materials with adequate measurement uncertainties. Different approaches for the modelling of the effective dose indoor due to external radiation resulted from natural radionuclides in building material and results of actual building material assessments are shown.

Published
2013

12. Radioactivity in the Danube

Author

F.J. Maringer, Andreas Baumgartner, C. Seidel, and M. Stietka

Subjects
Hydrology, medicine.medical_specialty, Radioecology, Radioactive contamination, medicine, Research studies, Sampling (statistics), Environmental science, Sediment, Sample collection, Freshwater ecosystem, Radiometric measurement
Abstract

In this chapter, a general review of radioecological research and exemplarily results of radioactivity measurements carried out in the Danube freshwater ecosystem in the last 30 years are presented. Sample collection techniques and sample preparation and radiometric measurement methods, developed and applied in radioecological studies of the Danube River, are shown comprehensively. Results of radiometric analysis of bottom sediment samples, collected continuously by sediment traps and additionally by grab sampling during Danube research cruises, are given and discussed. The main goal of the radioecological research studies is the protection of the environment to manage sustainable use and conservation of the Danube freshwater resource against harmful radioactive exposure.

Published
2014

13. Development of standard methods for activity measurement of natural radionuclides in waterworks as basis for dose and risk assessment--first results of an Austrian study

Author

F.J. Maringer, Andreas Baumgartner, M. Stietka, and C. Seidel

Subjects
Radionuclide, Radiation, business.industry, Water supply, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, Guidelines as Topic, Standard methods, Reference Standards, Radiation Dosage, Risk Assessment, Activity measurements, chemistry, Radiation Monitoring, Water Supply, Environmental health, Austria, Occupational Exposure, Activity concentration, Environmental science, Background Radiation, Occupational exposure, Risk assessment, business
Abstract

A comprehensive study with the aim to evaluate the risks due to radiation exposure for workers in water supply is conducted in 21 Austrian waterworks. The development of standard methods for the assessment of occupational exposure of water work staff is a part of this study. Preliminary results of this study show a wide range of Rn-222 activity concentration in waterworks with values from (28±10) Bq/m 3 to (38,000±4000) Bq/m 3 . Also seasonal variations of the Rn-222 activity concentration could be observed.

Published
2012

15. Research summary of the EMPIR MetroRADON project.

Author

Wiedner H, Maringer FJ, and Stietka M

Abstract

In this paper, a comprehensive overview on the achievements and generated research results beyond the state-of-the-art is given based on the working structure of the joint metrology research project MetroRADON. The results of the project have been targeted at the implementation of the European Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM on radiation protection (EU BSS) and benefit European and international standards on radon monitoring, radon measurement and calibration, geographical radon mapping, and guidelines on radiological protection, construction products, radiation instrumentation and nuclear data., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Hannah Wiedner reports financial support was provided by EURAMET European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research. Hannah Wiedner reports a relationship with EURAMET European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research that includes: funding grants., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2023
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16. Production and characterization of a traceable NORM material and its use in proficiency testing of gamma-ray spectrometry laboratories.

Author

Wiedner H, Riedl J, Maringer FJ, Baumgartner A, Stietka M, and Kabrt F

Abstract

This paper outlines the process of characterizing a new NORM material for proficiency testing made of quartz sand with significantly elevated levels of 226 Ra obtained from the backflush of a drinking water treatment facility. Samples of the fully characterized NORM material were sent to European laboratories concerned with radioactivity measurements and environmental monitoring by gamma-ray spectrometry for proficiency testing. The paper discusses the results, specific requirements, problems and solutions that were found during the characterization process and the proficiency test., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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17. INTRODUCTION AND TESTING OF A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE RADON EMANATION.

Author

Kabrt F, Baumgartner A, Stietka M, and Maringer FJ

Subjects
Air Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Construction Materials, Radiation Monitoring methods, Radon analysis
Abstract

The radioactive noble gas radon is identified as the highest risk factor for lung cancer after smoking. The exhalation of radon from building materials can contribute to the radon indoor activity concentration. Therefore, the emanation of radon might be a crucial factor. It is defined as the release of radon from the solid soil matter into the pore space of the material. This article describes a new on-site measurement method for the emanation of radon from building materials at industrial sites. Therefore, a closed vessel with sample material and a passive radon detector inside is used to measure the integrated build-up-curve of the activity concentration. Additionally, a brief overview on existing radon emanation measurement methods is given., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2017
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18. A COMPARISON OF RADON INDOOR MEASUREMENTS WITH INTERPOLATED RADON SOIL GAS VALUES USING THE INVERSE WEIGHTING METHOD ON MEASURED RESULTS.

Author

Kabrt F, Baumgartner A, Stietka M, Friedmann H, Gruber V, Ringer W, and Maringer FJ

Subjects
Austria, Predictive Value of Tests, Air Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Radiation Monitoring methods, Radon analysis, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
Abstract

The European Basic Safety Standards demand the prediction of areas where a significant number of households exceed the reference level for the radon activity concentration. Therefore, radon maps are established which are based on indoor and soil gas measurements. In this study results of soil gas measurements are interpolated to get a value for the radon activity concentration in the soil gas at the coordinates of an indoor measurement and enable a direct comparison of both results. For the interpolation the inverse weighting value is applied. This way a prediction of the indoor radon activity concentration at the location of indoor measurements is attempted for verification. Quotients between the radon activity concentration in soil gas and indoors are analyzed. Building characteristics are also taken into account to evaluate parameters which lead to the reference level being exceeded. The results assist in the interpretation of soil gas measurements regarding the prediction of indoor radon activity concentrations., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2017
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19. Study of particular problems appearing in NORM samples and recommendations for best practice gamma-ray spectrometry.

Author

Baumgartner A, Stietka M, Kabrt F, Wiedner H, and Maringer FJ

Abstract

In this paper spectral interference effects for selected gamma-emitting radionuclides of the natural decay series and 40 K in selected NORM samples are studied. Recommendations for the choice of γ-lines and the consideration of possible spectral interferences are provided. Special attention is given to the radon tightness of the sample containers. A simple and sensitive method for the estimation of the 222 Rn leakage of sample containers is introduced. The applied polystyrene sample containers show 222 Rn leakages lower than 1%., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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20. Environmental radioactivity study of Austrian and Bavarian forest ecosystems: Long-term behaviour of contamination of soil, vegetation and wild boar and its radioecological coherences.

Author

Kocadag M, Exler V, Christopher BS, Baumgartner A, Stietka M, Landstetter C, Korner M, and Maringer FJ

Subjects
Animals, Austria, Cesium Radioisotopes analysis, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Food Contamination, Radioactive analysis, Germany, Humans, Meat analysis, Plants, Edible chemistry, Radiation Monitoring, Scintillation Counting, Spectrometry, Gamma, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Forests, Radioactive Pollutants analysis, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Sus scrofa
Abstract

137 Cs and 40 K in soil, vegetation and flesh of wild boar samples from Austrian and Bavarian regions were investigated by gamma-ray spectrometry and 90 Sr in bones of wild boar with Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) after radiochemical separation. The soil core profiles revealed that 70-97% of the soil caesium content is still accumulated in the 0-10cm soil depth. From all vegetation samples the mushrooms, particularly the bay boletus showed the highest 137 Cs contamination. The activity concentration of 137 Cs in muscle tissue of boar ranged from 14.9±1.5Bq/kg (Bavaria) to 4711±377Bq/kg (Lower Austria). In the bones of wild boars, 90 Sr activity concentration ranged from 1.4±0.2Bq/kg (Bavaria) to 70.3±10.5Bq/kg (Upper Austria)., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2017
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21. Long-term environmental radioactive contamination of Europe due to the Chernobyl accident - Results of the Joint Danube Survey 2013.

Author

Maringer FJ, Ackerl C, Baumgartner A, Burger-Scheidlin C, Kocadag M, Sterba JH, Stietka M, and Welch JM

Subjects
Europe, Geologic Sediments analysis, Humans, Potassium Radioisotopes analysis, Radiation Monitoring, Rivers chemistry, Scintillation Counting, Spectrometry, Gamma, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Cesium Radioisotopes analysis, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
Abstract

In the course of the Joint Danube Survey 3 (JDS3), coordinated by the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), laboratory ships travelled 2375km down the Danube River engaging in sampling, processing and on-board analyses during the summer of 2013. The results of the radiometric analysis of 90 Sr, 137 Cs and natural radionuclides in recent riverbed sediment are presented. The activity concentrations of 90 Sr and 137 Cs in Danube sediments have been found below 100Bq/kg., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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22. Advancements in NORM metrology - Results and impact of the European joint research project MetroNORM.

Author

Josef Maringer F, Baumgartner A, Cardellini F, Cassette P, Crespo T, Dean J, Wiedner H, Hůlka J, Hult M, Jerome S, Kabrt F, Kovář P, Larijani C, Lutter G, Marouli M, Mauring A, Mazánová M, Michalik B, Michielsen N, Peyres V, Pierre S, Pöllänen R, Pommé S, Reis M, Stietka M, Szücs L, and Vodenik B

Abstract

The results of the three years European Metrology Research Programme's (EMRP) joint research project 'Metrology for processing materials with high natural radioactivity' (MetroNORM) are presented. In this project, metrologically sound novel instruments and procedures for laboratory and in-situ NORM activity measurements have been developed. Additionally, standard reference materials and sources for traceable calibration and improved decay data of natural radionuclides have been established., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
Full Text
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23. Activity measurement and effective dose modelling of natural radionuclides in building material.

Author

Maringer FJ, Baumgartner A, Rechberger F, Seidel C, and Stietka M

Subjects
Austria, Computer Simulation, Radiation Dosage, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Construction Materials analysis, Environmental Exposure analysis, Models, Chemical, Radiation Monitoring methods, Radioisotopes analysis, Radioisotopes chemistry
Abstract

In this paper the assessment of natural radionuclides' activity concentration in building materials, calibration requirements and related indoor exposure dose models is presented. Particular attention is turned to specific improvements in low-level gamma-ray spectrometry to determine the activity concentration of necessary natural radionuclides in building materials with adequate measurement uncertainties. Different approaches for the modelling of the effective dose indoor due to external radiation resulted from natural radionuclides in building material and results of actual building material assessments are shown., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
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24. Development of standard methods for activity measurement of natural radionuclides in waterworks as basis for dose and risk assessment--first results of an Austrian study.

Author

Stietka M, Baumgartner A, Seidel C, and Maringer FJ

Subjects
Austria, Occupational Exposure standards, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Monitoring methods, Radon standards, Reference Standards, Risk Assessment methods, Background Radiation, Guidelines as Topic, Occupational Exposure analysis, Radiation Monitoring standards, Radon analysis, Water Supply analysis, Water Supply standards
Abstract

A comprehensive study with the aim to evaluate the risks due to radiation exposure for workers in water supply is conducted in 21 Austrian waterworks. The development of standard methods for the assessment of occupational exposure of water work staff is a part of this study. Preliminary results of this study show a wide range of Rn-222 activity concentration in waterworks with values from (28 ± 10)Bq/m(3) to (38,000 ± 4,000)Bq/m(3). Also seasonal variations of the Rn-222 activity concentration could be observed., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
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