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Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome is a rare congenital disease with a poor prognosis and life expectancy. We present the prenatal diagnosis of four consecutive cases in the same woman. After medical genetics consultation, the couple was advised to resort to medically assisted reproduction techniques with oocyte donation. This case report demonstrates the recurrence of a rare disease in four consecutive pregnancies and how prenatal diagnosis assumed a preponderant role in parental counseling.

Abstract The photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) flat-panel technology has numerous advantages over PV modules and separately mounted solar thermal collectors regarding overall effectiveness and space-saving. Hybrid PV/T solar collectors’ thermal and electrical performance is influenced by design parameters like mass flow rate, tube diameter, tube spacing, packing factor, and absorber conductivity. This paper focused on using several meta-heuristic optimization techniques, incorporating the following: multiverse algorithm, dragonfly algorithm, sine–cosine algorithm, moth-flame algorithm, whale algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, ant-lion algorithm, grey wolf algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm in PV/T collector optimal design according to maximum total efficiency obtained. The outcomes of the various algorithms revealed that the maximum electrical efficiency of the PV/T collector ranged from 13.85 to 14.28%, while the maximum thermal efficiencies ranged from 41.41 to 52.08% under standard test conditions (1000 W/m2 and 25 °C). The optimized values for the design parameters of the PV/T collector were as follows: the absorber conductivity was determined to be 356.6 W/m K, the packing factor was optimized to 0.7, the mass flow rate was set at 0.019 kg/s, the tube width was determined to be 0.035 m, and the tube spacing was optimized to 0.0524 m. The results indicated that the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm proved to be highly effective in optimizing the design parameters of PV/T collectors. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between the temperature of PV modules and PV/T collectors by considering variations in mass flow rate, packing factor, and tube width at different solar radiation levels. The results confirmed that the PV/T collector temperature exhibited improvements compared to the PV module temperature. As a result, this led to higher electrical efficiency and an overall increase in the total efficiency of the PV/T collector.

Abstract Background Connective tissue nevi (CTN) are congenital hamartomas caused by excessive proliferation of dermis components. In children, CTN can mimic juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS), an immune mediated skin disorder that requires aggressive immunosuppression. Objectives: Aim of our study was to describe a series of pediatric patients with CTN misdiagnosed as JLS and the discerning characteristics between the two conditions. Methods Retrospective analysis of children referred to our Center during the last two decades for JLS who received a final diagnosis of CTN. Clinical, laboratory, histopathological and instrumental data (MRI and thermography) were collected and compared with those with JLS. Results Seventeen patients with mean age at onset 4.6 years entered the study. All came to our Center with a certain diagnosis of JLS (n = 15) or suspected JLS (n = 2). The indurated skin lesions were flat and resembled either circumscribed morphea or pansclerotic morphea. In 14 patients (82.4%) they were mainly localized at the lower limbs and in three (17.6%) at the upper limbs. No patient had laboratory inflammatory changes or positive autoantibodies. Skin biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of CTN: non-familial collagenoma in eleven (64.7%), mixed CTN in four (23.5%) and familial CTN in two (11.8%). Mean age at final diagnosis was 9.5 years, with a mean diagnostic delay of 4.8 years (range 1–15 years). Sixteen patients underwent musculoskeletal MRI that was normal in all except two who showed muscle perifascial enhancement. Thermography was normal in all patients. At our first evaluation, eleven patients (64.7%) were on systemic treatment (methotrexate 11, corticosteroids 7, biologics 2), three (17.6%) on topical corticosteroids and three untreated. Conclusions CTN can be misdiagnosed as JLS and therefore aggressively treated with prolonged and inappropriate immunosuppression. The absence of inflammatory appearance of the skin lesions, normal instrumental and laboratory findings and the accurate evaluation of skin biopsy are crucial to address the right diagnosis.

Background: Partial breast reconstruction with a pedicled chest wall perforator flap (CWPF) enables breast conservation in a higher tumour: breast volume ratio scenario. Since there is limited evidence, this retrospective cohort study aimed to ascertain immediate (30-days) and medium-term (follow-up duration) surgical outcomes. Methods: STROBE-compliant protocol ascertained CWPF outcomes between March 2011–March 2021. UK centres known to perform CWPF were invited to participate if they performed at least 10 cases. Data were retrospectively collected, including patient demographics, tumour and treatment characteristics, and surgical and oncological outcomes. Statistical analysis (R™) included multivariable logistic regression and sensitivity analysis. Results: Across 15 centres, 507 patients with median age (54 years, IQR; 48–62), body mass index (25.4 kg/m2, IQR; 22.5–29), tumour size (26 mm, IQR; 18–35), and specimen weight (62 g, IQR; 40–92) had following flap types: LiCAP (54.1%, n = 273), MiCAP/AiCAP (19.6%, n = 99), LiCAP + LTAP (19.8%, n = 100) and TDAP (2.2%, n = 11). 30-days complication rates were in 12%: haematoma (4.3%, n = 22), wound infection (4.3%, n = 22), delayed wound healing (2.8%, n = 14) and flap loss (0.6%, n = 3; 1 full) leading to readmissions (2.6%, n = 13) and re-operations (2.6%, n = 13). Positive margins (n = 88, 17.7%) led to 15.9% (n = 79) re-excisions, including 7.5% (n = 37) at the planned 2nd of 2-stage surgery and 1.8% (n = 9) mastectomy. At median 23 months (IQR; 11–39) follow-up, there were 1.2% (n = 6) symmetrisations; recurrences: local (1%), regional/nodal (0.6%) and distant (3.2%). Conclusions: This large multicentre cohort study demonstrates acceptable complication and margin re-excision rates. CWPF extends the range of breast conservation techniques. Further studies are required for long-term oncological outcomes.

Italy is frequently hit and damaged by landslides, resulting in substantial and widespread disruptions. In particular, slope failures have a high impact on the population, communication infrastructure, and economic and productive sectors. The hazard posed by landslides requires adequate responses for landslide risk mitigation, with special attention to the risk to the population. In 2006 the Italian Department of Civil Protection, an office of the Prime Minister, commissioned the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection (Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica), a research institute of the Italian National Research Council, to carry out operational forecasting of rainfall-induced landslides. Collecting landslide information in a catalogue is a preliminary action toward landslide forecasting. The use of spatially and temporally inaccurate landslide catalogues results in uncertain and unreliable operational landslide forecasting. Consequently, accurate catalogues are needed to reduce the uncertainties, which are to some extent unavoidable. To this end, over the last 15 years many researchers have been involved in compiling a catalogue called ITALICA (ITAlian rainfall-induced LandslIdes CAtalogue), which currently lists 6312 records with information on rainfall-induced landslides that occurred over the Italian territory between January 1996 and December 2021. Overall, more than one-third of the catalogue has very high geographic accuracy (less than 1 km2) and hourly temporal resolution. In contrast, less than 2 % of the catalogue has low and very low geographical accuracy and daily temporal resolution. This makes ITALICA the largest catalogue of rainfall-induced landslides accurately located in space and time available in Italy. Without this high level of accuracy, the precipitation responsible for the initiation of landslides cannot be reliably reconstructed, thus making the prediction of landslide occurrence ineffective. ITALICA can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8009366 (Brunetti et al., 2023). ITALICA's information on rainfall-induced landslides in Italy places a special emphasis on their spatial and temporal locations, making the catalogue especially suitable for defining the rainfall conditions capable of triggering future landslides in the Italian territory. This information is fundamental for decision-making in landslide risk management.

Plasma stimulation is a form of waterless fracturing as it requires that only the wellbore be filled with an aqueous fluid. The technique creates multiple fractures propagating in different directions around the wellbore. The intent of this paper is to present an experimental and numerical investigation of the degree of competitiveness of plasma stimulation with hydraulic fracturing, especially in the case of stimulating tight formation. Several cases were run experimentally. The samples included limestone and sandstone to investigate plasma fracturing in different rock types. In addition, the main goal of the experiments was to study the creation of fracture(s) under confining stresses, the type of rock, the amount of electrical energy used in the experiment, and the length of the wire to generate the plasma reaction. A laboratory plasma equipment was designed and used to accomplish the experimental work. The experiments were then numerically matched using a finite element numerical simulator, HOSS developed by LANL (Los Alamos National Lab). HOSS was developed to simulate high-strain-rate fractures such as those created by plasma stimulation. It accounts for mixed-mode fracture mechanics which are tensile and shear fractures. The simulator governing equations obey the conservation of mass and momentum in a solid-mechanics sense and account for the nonlinear deformation of rock material. The matching of the experiment allowed us to validate the HOSS simulation of the process and showed that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental work. Using the HOSS simulator, we also investigated the effect of higher energy levels and/or short release time on a cement rock model. The pressure profile that is developed due to the energy release can vary in the peak pressure and the release time. The results showed that the plasma fracturing technique is an effective stimulation method in sandstone and limestone. Plasma fractures were developed in the rock samples and extended from the sample wellbore to the outer boundaries. The shape of the pressure pulse has an impact on the developed fractures. Moreover, the effect of plasma stimulation on natural fractures was studied numerically. It was found that natural fractures can arrest the plasma-generated fractures that propagate from the wellbore to the outer boundaries. However, new fractures may develop in the rock starting from the natural fracture tips.

Abstract Buildings are one of the largest consumers of electrical energy, making it important to develop different strategies to help to reduce electricity consumption. Building energy consumption forecasting strategies are widely used to support demand management decisions, but these strategies require large data sets to achieve an accurate electric consumption forecast, so they are not commonly used for buildings with a short history of record keeping. Based on this, the objective of this study is to determine, through continuous hourly electricity consumption forecasting strategies, the amount of data needed to achieve an accurate forecast. The proposed forecasting strategies were evaluated with Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boost, Convolutional Neural Network, and Temporal Convolutional Network algorithms using 4 years of electricity consumption data from two buildings located on the campus of the University of Valladolid. For performance evaluation, two scenarios were proposed for each of the proposed forecasting strategies. The results showed that for forecasting horizons of 1 week, it was possible to obtain a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 7% for Building 1 and a MAPE below 10% for Building 2 with 6 months of data, while for a forecast horizon of 1 month, it was possible to obtain a MAPE below 10% for Building 1 and below 11% for Building 2 with 10 months of data. However, if the distribution of the data captured in the buildings does not undergo sudden changes, the decision tree algorithms obtain better results. However, if there are sudden changes, deep learning algorithms are a better choice.

Unlike conventional impermeable weirs, porous weirs do not clog the flow and passage of aquatic life with increased aeration or aerobic reactions. They have minimal negative effects on the environment and are known as environmentally friendly structures. This study experimentally investigates the hydraulic performance of arced-plan porous weirs (APPWs) in different hydraulic and geometric conditions. For this purpose, four different porous and two solid weirs were examined. Experiments were conducted in a horizontal laboratory flume with length, width and height of 20, 0.6 and 0.5 m, respectively, for a wide range of flow rates, particle sizes and three arc lengths. Results showed that increasing filling material sizes increases the free discharge coefficient and reduces the submerged discharge reduction factor (DRF). It was also concluded that the weirs’ effective length significantly impacts the free discharge coefficient and has no significant effect on the threshold submergence index and submerged DRF. Unlike solid weirs, the threshold submergence of porous weirs occurs at a downstream depth lower than the weir's height. Finally, according to the dimensional analysis and gene-expression programming approach, three relations were extracted to calculate the free discharge coefficient, threshold submergence index and submerged DRF for APPWs. HIGHLIGHTS Analyze the hydraulic performance of the arced-plan porous weirs for different hydraulic and geometrical conditions.; Determine the boundary between modular and non-modular flow.; Develop new equations for discharge coefficient in free flow, modular limit index and discharge reduction factor in submerged flow.; Investigate the effect of weir direction on the hydraulic performance of arced-plan porous weirs.;

We study aspects of quantum field theory at finite density using techniques and concepts from quantum information theory. We focus on massive Dirac fermions with chemical potential in 1+1 space-time dimensions. Using the entanglement entropy on an interval, we construct an entropic function that is finite. This function is not monotonous, and incorporates the long-range entanglement from the Fermi surface. Motivated by previous works on lattice models, we next compute the Renyi entropies numerically, and find Friedel-type oscillations. Next, we analyze the mutual information as a measure of correlation functions between different regions. Using a long-distance expansion developed by Cardy, we show how the mutual information detects the Fermi surface correlations already at leading order in the expansion. Finally, we analyze the relative entropy and its Renyi generalizations in order to distinguish states with different charge. We find that states in different superselection sectors give rise to a super-extensive behavior in the relative entropy.

Object GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 yr of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration and the Insight Collaboration. We study the optical afterglow with empirical fitting using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE data sets augmented with data from the literature up to 60 days. We then model numerically using a Bayesian approach, and we find that the GRB afterglow, extinguished by a large dust column, is most likely behind a combination of a large Milky Way dust column and moderate low-metallicity dust in the host galaxy. Using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE+XRT data set, we find that the simplest model, where the observed afterglow is produced by synchrotron radiation at the forward external shock during the deceleration of a top-hat relativistic jet by a uniform medium, fits the multiwavelength observations only moderately well, with a tension between the observed temporal and spectral evolution. This tension is confirmed when using the augmented data set. We find that the consideration of a jet structure (Gaussian or power law), the inclusion of synchrotron self-Compton emission, or the presence of an underlying supernova do not improve the predictions. Placed in the global context of GRB optical afterglows, we find that the afterglow of GRB 221009A is luminous but not extraordinarily so, highlighting that some aspects of this GRB do not deviate from the global known sample despite its extreme energetics and the peculiar afterglow evolution.

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major sanitary crisis worldwide. Frontline healthcare workers face many difficulties, such as: direct exposure to patients with high viral load, physical exhaustion, reorganization of workspaces, face the unusually high number of deaths among patients, colleagues or relatives and ethical issues in a tense health system. Objectives Provide up-to-date information of Burnout syndrome associated with exposure of healthcare workers to the COVID-19 pandemic, after almost 20 months of the declaration of pandemic by the World Health Organization. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out that included 84 healthcare workers from Spain in October 2021, through an anonymous, voluntary and multiple response type online survey which included questions about sociodemographic aspects and the Maslach burnout inventory Results 62% were doctors and 29% were nurses. 70% work on the front line of Covid-19. 38% report not having been able to enjoy their vacations when they wanted. 8% admit to having had suicidal ideas. Almost 52% admit low personal fulfillment, 38.6% admit a high depersonalization count, and 45% report high emotional exhaustion. Of the total sample, 17 respondents have burnout syndrome. Conclusions It is necessary create strategies to promote mental well-being in health professionals exposed to COVID-19 after 20 months of active work. Protecting and identifying health care professionals who could be at high risk for developing a mental health pathology or detecting Burnout syndrome in them should be the priority of public health post pandemic. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a pathology represented by thoughts, images, impulses or feelings that generate great anxiety and discomfort, as well as the development of compulsive acts and rituals that cause great dysfunction. The comorbidity of different psychiatric disorders with OCD is known, such as impulse control disorder and tic disorder. Objectives The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics, comorbidities and the treatment used in a patient with an OCD diagnosis and motor tics. Methods Description of a clinical case of motor tics associated with OCD in an adult patient. Results A 29-year-old man begins mental health follow-up for presenting, as a result of a choking episode, obsessive thoughts with significant emotional and behavioral repercussions, to the point of restricting his diet and losing several kilos of weight. He also manifested checks and rituals in order to avoid possible choking.Treatment with sertraline and clonazepam was started, without evidence of improvement in symptoms. Months later, bucolingual and guttural tics, difficult to control by the patient and which caused bite lesions in the mouth and tongue, were added to the described clinic. Oral aripiprazole was associated to the treatment and then prolonged- release intramuscular administration was used, achieving improvement in obsessive symptoms and motor tics. Conclusions The usefulness of adjuvant treatment with atypical antipsychotics has been demonstrated in adults with OCD who present an insufficient response to an SSRI. Injectable prolonged-release antipsychotics can help improve long-term prognosis by ensuring adherence. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic and social and mobility restriction measures have had a negative impact on the mental health of the population. Objectives The objective is to demonstrate the impact of the pandemic on mental disorders. Methods 64-year-old man who is taken to the emergency room after a suicide attempt, by hanging with a belt out of concern and measuring the contagion of the COVID-19 virus in the context of long-standing delirious ideas of contamination and hypochondriacal neurosis. Adaptive disorder in relation to previous divorce. Psychopathologically, the patient is anxious and restless, conscious, inattentive and poorly oriented in space and time. Accelerated language with monothematic discourse about the possibility of contagion that has caused isolation behavior to the point of shredding organic waste and throwing it down the toilet so as not to have to go out to throw it out for fear of contagion. Faced with a neighbor’s wake-up call due to a blocked pipe, he suffers a crisis of guilt and anxiety and attempts to commit suicide. COVID-19 PCR=negative. Beck’s Depression Inventory 24=moderate depression. IPDE accentuated obsessive and avoidant personality traits. Results Diagnosis: Moderate depressive episode with psychotic symptoms. Hypochondriacal disorder. Ananchastic personality disorder. Treatment: Paliperidone 3mg/24h. Sertraline 100mg/24h Conclusions In obsessive personalities and hypochondriacal neuroses, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed an increased risk of decompensation for affective disorders and even suicide attempts. Isolation, lack of treatment and prior monitoring, as well as the difficulty of identifying vital stressors, must be taken into account if an early intervention is to be carried out. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction People spend a large part of our lives in the workplace. Stress at work, desmotivation and mental exhaustation are consequences derived from stressful situations that can be generated at work. Objectives Detection in hospitals of those workers susceptible to exhaustion, work stress or personal demotivation to avoid a problem in the worker’s mental health, allowing early intervention and health strategies. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out that included 84 healthcare workers from Spain in October 2021, through an anonymous, voluntary and multiple response type online survey which included questions about sociodemographic aspects and the Maslach burnout inventory Results 62% were doctors and 29% were nurses, 3 workers were nursing assistants, 2 orderlies, 1 psychologist and 1 physiotherapist. 13% of workers report having received / thought about requesting care from a mental health team (psychologist / psychiatrist) in the last year. 8% admit to having had suicidal ideas in the last year. 30.6% report being emotionally exhausted from their work always and almost always. 15.3% report that working with patients every day is stressful for them.29.4% report feeling “burned” by work. Only 28.2% say that they are always or almost always with a lot of vitality. 20.2% feel that they are at the limit of their possibilities. Conclusions Detection in hospitals of those people susceptible to exhaustion, work stress or personal demotivation to avoid a problem in the worker’s mental health, allowing early intervention and health strategies. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Introduction Patients with mild cognitive impairment may present deficits in naming, speech production, oral comprehension and written comprehension. In the differential diagnosis, cerebrovascular disease that can lead to cognitive impairment must also be differentiated from endogenous depressive disorder or language impairment. Objectives The aim is to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in cognitive disorders in relation to a case. Methods A 68-year-old female patient attended a psychiatric consultation derived from neurology when presenting a language disorder. The husband who accompanies her and the patient indicate that she has problems finding words and substitutes other expressions for them or sometimes does not answer or does so with something different from the topic that is being asked. She refers that she presents repetitive language with memory problems, alteration in the evocation of memories. The patient reports mood swings and irritability and crying with a low tolerance for frustration since she cannot express herself. Cranial MRI: cortical and central involutional changes. Periventricular leukoaraiosis and ischemic gliosis-like lesions in the white matter of both hemispheres. Psychopathological exploration: Conscious, oriented. She smiles at the questions but doesn’t answer them. Repetitive language. Alteration in the articulation of language. Depressed mood reactive to current situation. Some irritability Alteration in recent memory and evocation. Results She was diagnosed with organic mental disorder compatible with mild cognitive impairment. Treatment with rehabilitation of the language disorder of vascular etiology is established. Conclusions Imaging and neuropsychological tests should always be performed in a patient with language, memory, and mood disorders to study its etiology. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Abstract Background Poor glycaemic control is associated with a greater risk of development of heart failure in diabetic patients. We aimed to study the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with new-onset type 2 DM. We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients with newly diagnosed (within 1 year) type 2 DM; all patients were between the ages of 30 and 60 years, normotensive and clinically asymptomatic and attended the outpatient clinic of the endocrinology unit at a university hospital between March 2016 and June 2017. Demographic characteristics, clinical risk factors and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. Blood samples for laboratory analysis were obtained. Detailed echocardiography was performed to evaluate systolic and diastolic function. Results A total of 100 patients were included. Sixty-one percent had diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was more prevalent in diabetic patients with HbA1c ≥ 8.1 (75%) Patients with LVDD had significant dyslipidaemia in comparison to those without LVDD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WHR and HbA1c levels are the only predictors of impaired diastolic function in patients with new-onset DM. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a significant correlation between the incidence of diastolic dysfunction and the duration of DM, with higher incidence with HbA1c ≥ 8.1. Conclusions Diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent in patients with newly diagnosed DM and is positively correlated with HbA1c level, obesity, dyslipidaemia and the duration of diabetes.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the biochemical effects of four plants extracts (D. stramonium L., Hyoscyamus muticus L., Nerium oleander L. and Eucalyptus camalulensis Dehn.) on the late instar larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. The results showed that treatment of D. stramonium L. 4% gave the maximum total mortality percentage (73.33%), while the minimum total mortality percentage was (13.33%) which recorded by N. oleander L. 4%. Biological parameters were studied under laboratory conditions, the life cycle decreased by increasing plant extract concentrations. The life cycle could be arranged in ascending order as follow: 58.33, 56.67, 62.67 and 69.00 day for the larvae treated with D. stramonium L. 4%, Sakran 4%, E. Camalulensis Dehn., and N. oleander L. 4%, respectively.

Background Adverse events in the operating theatre related to non‐technical skills and teamwork are still an issue. The influence of minimally invasive techniques on team performance and subsequent impact on patient safety remains unclear. The aim of this review was to assess the methodology used to objectify and rate team performance in minimally invasive abdominal surgery. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies on assessment of surgical team performance or non‐technical skills of the surgical team in the setting of minimally invasive abdominal surgery were included. Study aim, methodology, results and conclusion were extracted for qualitative synthesis. Results Sixteen studies involving 677 surgical procedures were included. All studies consisted of observational case series that used heterogeneous methodologies to assess team performance and were of low methodological quality. The most commonly used team performance objectification tools were ‘construct’‐ and ‘incident’‐based tools. Evidence of validity for the assessed outcome was spread widely across objectification tools, ranging from low to high. Diverse and poorly defined outcomes were reported. Conclusion Team demands for minimally invasive approaches to abdominal procedures remain unclear. The current literature consists of studies with heterogeneous methodology and poorly defined outcomes.

The efficacy of chlorantraniliprole (Coragen®), spinosad (Tracer®) and fipronil (Coatch®) was tested under laboratory conditions against the 5th nymphal instars and adult stages of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal), using various concentrations of the mentioned compounds by feeding technique. Fipronil showed the highest efficacy on both stages, followed by spinosad while chlorantraniliprole caused lower mortality. The effect of sublethal concentrations (LC30) of the mentioned insecticides on the life span and fledging rate of 5th nymphal instar was investigated. 5th nymphal instar took 12.6, 15.6 and 11.6 days to fledge in the treatments of chlorantraniliprole, spinosad and fipronil respectively, which are significantly longer than the duration spent by the untreated 5th nymphal instar to fledge (8.8 days). Successful fledging rates of 5th nymphal instars were 42.6%, 75% and 25% for the treatments of chlorantraniliprole, spinosad and fipronil respectively, which are significantly lower than that of the untreated hoppers (100% fledged successfully). Deformation occurred in 30% of the 5th nymphal instars treated by LC30 of fipronil and spinosad. Field tests, executed in Abu_Ramad, southeast Egypt, showed that chlorantraniliprole at dose rate of 24 g. a. i. /ha, spinosad at dose rate of 15.12 g. a. i. /ha, and fipronil at dose rate of 0.4 g. a. i. /ha, resulted in 98, 99 and 100% mortality to mixed populations of hoppers and adults of S. gregaria within two days of field application.

Introduction Several restrictive measures have been implemented to reduced COVID- 19 impact with unknown consequences on people daily life. Objectives The primary objective is to asses the psychosocial impact and employment status changes since lockdown COVID-19 measures in Chile. Methods Cross-sectional study was implemented using an anonymous and self-administered online questionnaire. Adult people were invited to participate through social networks between May to June 2020. The questionnaire included sociodemographic information, coping strategies, changes in income and working conditions and psychological distress (K10 Scale). Results 3102 participants over 18 years answered the questionnaire. 69.9% reported psychological distress mainly women (82.2%), members of the public health system (59%), dependent workers (39.8%), people who suffered income reduction (36.8%)., and those who changed their employment status (26.4%). Participants who presented income reduction were 1.83 times more likely to present psychological distress than those without changes (p