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1. Space Algae-2 Ground and Lunar Analog Studies in Preparation for Long-Duration Propagation of Cyanobacteria in Spaceflight

Author: Katherine E Fisher, Kristen E Saban, Jared T Broddrick, and Andrew M Settles
Subjects: Life Sciences (General)
Abstract: There are numerous applications for microalgae in spaceflight missions and on Earth, such as oxygen production, carbon dioxide removal, nutrition, wastewater processing, and biofuel production. Space Algae-2 aims to test the genetic stability of Arthrospira platensis, commonly known as spirulina, during six-months of continuous culture on the International Space Station. Long-duration exposure to ionizing radiation and microgravity may impact growth, nutrient composition, and genetic stability. The high protein, vitamin, antioxidant content, and radiation resistance make spirulina a promising candidate for bioregenerative life support systems. A concept of operations was developed to grow and harvest algal biomass in space. Preflight testing experiments optimized conditions for an extended growth period in a gas permeable bioreactor bag. Preflight and post-harvest storage methods were developed in addition to a novel cryopreservation method. After sample return, multi-omics analysis will be conducted to determine the mutation rate, gene expression, and the protein and metabolite profile. The concept of operations for Space Algae-2 was tested during a lunar mission simulation within a semi-controlled environment. During a six-day lunar analog mission at the Hawai’i Space Exploration Analog and Simulation (HI-SEAS) A. platensis was successfully grown using flight-like hardware. The cyanobacteria were harvested and used to supplement bread as an example of spirulina biomass utilization. Overall, the data collected from Space Algae-2 will inform potential bioengineering of spirulina for space and terrestrial applications.
Published: 2024

2. Calculation of Mitral Valve Area by Continuity Equation Using Velocity-Time Integral From Mitral Valve Orifices After Mitral Clip

Author: Narayana Sarma V, Singam, Diana, Otero, Bahjat, Al Adili, Kendra J, Grubb, Michael P, Flaherty, Dana M, Settles, and Marcus F, Stoddard
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Mitral Valve, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Mitral Valve Stenosis, Surgical Instruments, Echocardiography, Transesophageal
Abstract: This study investigates the hemodynamics of a dual-orifice mitral valve after mitral valve clip closure (MVCC) in patients with functional and nonfunctional mitral regurgitation (MR). If inflow velocity-time integral (VTi) of both orifices is equal, then the standard continuity equation can be applied to calculate the total mitral valve area (MVA).Adults undergoing MVCC placement were prospectively enrolled. With transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), the vena contracta (VC) of the medial and lateral mitral valve (MV) orifices were determined using color-flow Doppler and dual MV orifice areas were calculated. Valve orifices were classified as large vs small based on VC diameters. Continuous-wave Doppler measurements from both orifices were obtained. Forty-nine patients with severe MR (functional, n = 18) were enrolled. The VTi, mean gradient, peak gradient, and mean velocity of the larger vs smaller orifice were not significantly different, irrespective of MR etiology (P=nonsignificant). There was no difference in these parameters between large and small orifice regardless of MR mechanism (P=nonsignificant). There were no differences in the means of MVA as derived from either large or small VTi-derived and VC-derived areas (P=nonsignificant).Mitral valve inflow hemodynamics were the same regardless of the size differences between the large and small orifices. Therefore, total MVA can be calculated using the continuity equation in patients irrespective of MR mechanism. This allows for a derivation of total MVA at the time of MVCC placement to evaluate for mitral stenosis.
Published: 2022

3. Single-cell rna sequencing workflow for the analysis of whole murine knee joints

Author: L. Li, Gabriela G. Loots, Jasper H.N. Yik, M. Settles, A. Sebastian, K. Mitchell, Dominik R. Haudenschild, and D. Leale
Subjects: medicine.anatomical_structure, Workflow, Rheumatology, Cell, Biomedical Engineering, medicine, RNA, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Computational biology, Biology
Published: 2021

4. MITRAL VALVE CLIP CLOSURE ORIFICES YIELD THE SAME HEMODYNAMIC RESULTS IRRESPECTIVE OF DIFFERENCES IN AREA: IMPLICATIONS FOR CALCULATION OF MITRAL VALVE AREA BY CONTINUITY EQUATION

Author: Sarma Singam, Dana M. Settles, Marcus F. Stoddard, Michael P. Flaherty, and Kendra Grubb
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Yield (engineering), business.industry, MitraClip, Closure (topology), Hemodynamics, Continuity equation, Internal medicine, Cardiology, medicine, Mitral valve area, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body orifice
Published: 2019

5. Comparison of Different Material Models to Simulate 3-D Breast Deformations Using Finite Element Analysis

Author: Hans-Günther Machens, Jalil Jalali, Maximilian Eder, Alexander Volf, Laszlo Kovacs, M Settles, and Stefan Raith
Subjects: Adult, Surface (mathematics), Engineering, Computer simulation, business.industry, Finite Element Analysis, Linear elasticity, Mathematical analysis, Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Biological, Finite element method, Biomechanical Phenomena, Young Adult, Range (mathematics), Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Position (vector), Humans, Computer Simulation, Female, Breast, Material properties, business, Simulation
Abstract: Biomechanical breast modeling using finite element (FE) analysis to predict 3-D breast deformations is of interest for various biomedical applications. Currently no consensus of reliable magnitudes of mechanical breast tissue properties exists. We therefore applied 12 material properties proposed in the literature to FE simulation models derived from prone MRI breast datasets of 18 female volunteers. A gravity free starting position is computed with an iterative FE algorithm followed by the calculation of the upright position of the breast and then compared to the real breast geometry in standing position using corresponding 3-D surface scans to determine the accuracy of the simulation. Hyper-elastic constitutive models showed superior performance than linear elastic models which cannot exceed the linear Hookean domain. Within the group of applied hyper-elastic material models those proposed by Tanner et al. (Med Phys 33:1758–1769, 2006) and Rajagopal et al. (Acad Radiol 15:1425–1436, 2008) performed significantly (p
Published: 2013

6. Gemcitabine impairs tumor perfusion in stroma rich murine endogenous PDAC

Author: Clara Lubeseder-Martellato, Aayush Gupta, M Settles, Rickmer Braren, Jens T. Siveke, RM Schmid, A Steingötter, Marija Trajkovic-Arsic, Ernst J. Rummeny, Katja Steiger, and Irina Heid
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology, Stroma, Chemistry, Tumor perfusion, Medizin, medicine, Cancer research, Endogeny, Gemcitabine, medicine.drug
Published: 2016

7. Hepatitis C and End-stage Liver Disease

Author: Diane M. Settles and Rakesh Vinayek
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Hepatology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, virus diseases, Hepatitis C, Liver transplantation, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, digestive system diseases, Liver disease, Virology, Internal medicine, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Ascites, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Hepatic encephalopathy
Abstract: Cirrhosis secondary to infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of end-stage liver disease worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that about 3% of the world population is chronically infected with HCV, with about 4 million infected individuals in the United States. Despite the declining US incidence of HCV, the complications of chronic HCV infection are rising rapidly. The cirrhosis can be classified as compensated or decompensated based on clinical complications. Compensated HCV-related cirrhosis can be treated safely per American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines. Treatment of decompensated HCV-related cirrhosis is challenging secondary to increased risk of complications and adverse effects during the course of antiviral therapy. The recommended treatment is the low, but accelerating dose regimen. HCV-related cirrhosis is associated with complications including ascites, variceal bleeding, renal insufficiency, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of its poor prognosis, liver transplantation is the only definitive therapy for decompensated cirrhosis.
Published: 2010

8. Comparison between breast volume measurement using 3D surface imaging and classical techniques

Author: M Settles, Alexander Zimmermann, Armin Schneider, Laszlo Kovacs, Katja Schwenzer-Zimmerer, Edgar Biemer, Nikolaos A. Papadopulos, Regina Hollweck, Maximilian Eder, Andreas Albert Mueller, and Matthias Endlich
Subjects: Adult, Scanner, Breast surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast Neoplasms, Image processing, Mastectomy, Segmental, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Breast volume, Breast, Reproducibility, Microscopy, Confocal, Anthropometry, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Female, Surgery, business, Nuclear medicine, Mastectomy, Volume (compression)
Abstract: Quantification of the complex breast region can be helpful in breast surgery, which is shaped by subjective influences. However, there is no generally recognized method for breast volume calculation. Three-dimensional (3D) body surface imaging represents a new alternative for breast volume computation. The aim of this work was to compare breast volume calculation with 3D scanning and three classic methods, focusing on relative advantages, disadvantages, and reproducibility. Repeated breast volume calculations of both breasts in six patients (n=12) were performed using a 3D laser scanner, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thermoplastic castings, and anthropomorphic measurements. Mean volumes (cc) and mean measurement deviations were calculated, and regression analyses were performed. MRI showed the highest measurement precision, with a mean deviation (expressed as a percentage of mean breast volume) of 1.56+/-0.52% compared with 2.27+/-0.99% for the 3D scanner, 7.97+/-3.53% for thermoplastic castings, and 6.26+/-1.56% for the anthropomorphic measurements. Breast volume calculations using MRI showed the best agreement with 3D scanning measurement (r=0.990), followed by anthropomorphic measurement (r=0.947), and thermoplastic castings (r=0.727). Compared with three classical methods of breast volume calculation, 3D scanning provides acceptable accuracy for breast volume measurements, better spatial interpretation of the anatomical area to be operated on (due to lack of chest deformation), non-invasiveness, and good patient tolerance. After this preliminary study and further development, we believe that 3D body surface scanning could provide better preoperative planning and postoperative control in everyday clinical practice.
Published: 2007

9. Evaluation of Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for therapy response in pancreatic cancer in mouse models

Author: Aayush Gupta, RM Schmid, Nicole Teichmann, Ambros J. Beer, Katja Steiger, C Wörner, Ernst J. Rummeny, Rickmer Braren, Marija Trajkovic-Arsic, Irina Heid, Patrick Wenzel, I Esposito, Jens T. Siveke, Alexander Herner, M Schweiger, A Steingötter, Alexander A. Fingerle, M Settles, and Bernhard Haller
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Therapy response, business.industry, Pancreatic cancer, Gastroenterology, medicine, Radiology, medicine.disease, business, Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published: 2015

10. Imprinting in plants as a mechanism to generate seed phenotypic diversity

Author: A. M. Settles and Fang Bai
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, DNA methylation, epigenetics, Genomics, Review Article, Plant Science, Biology, lcsh:Plant culture, DNA demethylation, genomics, Arabidopsis endosperm, Neofunctionalization, lcsh:SB1-1110, histone modification, Epigenetics, Imprinting (psychology), imprinting, Genomic imprinting, Gene, seed development, maize endosperm
Abstract: Normal plant development requires epigenetic regulation to enforce changes in developmental fate. Genomic imprinting is a type of epigenetic regulation in which identical alleles of genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin dependent manner. Deep sequencing of transcriptomes has identified hundreds of imprinted genes with scarce evidence for the developmental importance of individual imprinted loci. Imprinting is regulated through global DNA demethylation in the central cell prior to fertilization and directed repression of individual loci with the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). There is significant evidence for transposable elements and repeat sequences near genes acting as cis-elements to determine imprinting status of a gene, implying that imprinted gene expression patterns may evolve randomly and at high frequency. Detailed genetic analysis of a few imprinted loci suggests an imprinted pattern of gene expression is often dispensable for seed development. Few genes show conserved imprinted expression within or between plant species. These data are not fully explained by current models for the evolution of imprinting in plant seeds. We suggest that imprinting may have evolved to provide a mechanism for rapid neofunctionalization of genes during seed development to increase phenotypic diversity of seeds.
Published: 2015
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11. New Aspects of Breast Volume Measurement Using 3-Dimensional Surface Imaging

Author: Laszlo Kovacs, Alexander Zimmermann, Kristian Udosic, Maximilian Eder, Katja Schwenzer-Zimmerer, Regina Hollweck, Edgar Biemer, M Settles, Nikolaos A. Papadopulos, and Armin Schneider
Subjects: Models, Anatomic, Observer Variation, Accuracy and precision, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, business.industry, Breast surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, 3d scanning, Test subject, Objective assessment, Absolute deviation, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, medicine, Humans, Breast volume, Female, Surgery, Breast, Nuclear medicine, business, Volume (compression)
Abstract: Precise and objective calculation of breast volume is helpful to evaluate the aesthetic result of breast surgery, but traditional methods are unsatisfactory. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the body surface allows reproducible and objective assessment of the complex breast region but requires further investigation before clinical application. The main goal of this study was to investigate the precision and accuracy of breast volume measurement using 3D body scanning. Five independent observers standardized the 3D scanning method using 2 dummy models (n = 200) and examined its applicability with 6 test subjects and 10 clinical patients (n = 2220). Breast volume measurements obtained with the 3D-scanner technology were compared with reference measurements obtained from test subjects through nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The mean deviation of the breast volume measurements of 1 test subject by all observers, expressed as percentage of volume, was 2.86 +/- 0.98, significantly higher than the deviation for the dummy models, 1.65 +/- 0.42 (P < 0.001). With respect to all clinical patients, the mean measurement precision obtained preoperatively was less precise than that obtained postoperatively (3.31 +/- 1.02 versus 1.66 +/- 0.49, respectively). Interobserver differences in measurement precision were not statistically significant. The mean breast volumes obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (441.42 +/- 137.05 mL) and 3D scanning (452.51 +/- 141.88 mL) significantly correlated (r = 0.995, P < 0.001). Breast volume measurement with 3D surface imaging represents a sufficiently precise and accurate method to guarantee objective and exact recording.
Published: 2006

12. Model Matters: Differences in Orthotopic Rat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Physiology Determine Therapy Response to Sorafenib

Author: Markus Schwaiger, Kristian Unger, Anna Melissa Schlitter, Irina Heid, Juliane Dworniczak, Axel Walch, M Settles, Horst Zitzelsberger, Sufyan Sayyed, A Steingötter, Ernst J. Rummeny, Annette Feuchtinger, I Esposito, Julia Heß, Rickmer Braren, Katja Steiger, Claudia Groß, Oliver Ebert, and Jennifer Altomonte
Subjects: Sorafenib, Male, Niacinamide, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Biopsy, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Antineoplastic Agents, Liver Neoplasms, Experimental, medicine, Carcinoma, Animals, Grading (tumors), Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, medicine.diagnostic_test, Neovascularization, Pathologic, business.industry, Phenylurea Compounds, Liver Neoplasms, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, digestive system diseases, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Oncology, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Histopathology, Neoplasm Grading, business, Biomarkers, medicine.drug
Abstract: Purpose: Preclinical model systems should faithfully reflect the complexity of the human pathology. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the tumor vasculature is of particular interest in diagnosis and therapy. By comparing two commonly applied preclinical model systems, diethylnitrosamine induced (DEN) and orthotopically implanted (McA) rat HCC, we aimed to measure tumor biology noninvasively and identify differences between the models. Experimental Design: DEN and McA tumor development was monitored by MRI and PET. A slice-based correlation of imaging and histopathology was performed. Array CGH analyses were applied to determine genetic heterogeneity. Therapy response to sorafenib was tested in DEN and McA tumors. Results: Histologically and biochemically confirmed liver damage resulted in increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET uptake and perfusion in DEN animals only. DEN tumors exhibited G1–3 grading compared with uniform G3 grading of McA tumors. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed a highly variable chromosomal aberration pattern in DEN tumors. Heterogeneity of DEN tumors was reflected in more variable imaging parameter values. DEN tumors exhibited lower mean growth rates and FDG uptake and higher diffusion and perfusion values compared with McA tumors. To test the significance of these differences, the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib was administered, resulting in reduced volume growth kinetics and perfusion in the DEN group only. Conclusions: This work depicts the feasibility and importance of in depth preclinical tumor model characterization and suggests the DEN model as a promising model system of multifocal nodular HCC in future therapy studies. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4440–50. ©2015 AACR. See related commentary by Weber et al., p. 4254
Published: 2014

13. Etablierung einer phasen-sensitiven Inversion Recovery Sequenz zum delayed-enhancement Imaging des akuten Myokardinfarktes in der Maus mit einem klinischen MR Scanner

Author: K Kosanke, Armin Huber, Ernst J. Rummeny, Moritz Wildgruber, René M. Botnar, M Settles, and I Bielicki
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Delayed enhancement, business, Nuclear medicine
Published: 2013

14. Bildgebung des murinen Myokardinfarktes mittels eines Elastin-bindenden MRT Kontrastmittels

Author: René M. Botnar, Ernst J. Rummeny, M Settles, K Kosanke, Moritz Wildgruber, I Bielicki, and Armin Huber
Subjects: biology, Chemistry, biology.protein, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Molecular biology, Elastin
Published: 2013

15. Measurement of the average b-baryon lifetime and the product branching ratio {\boldmath {{f({\mathrm{b}} \rightarrow \Lambda_{\mathrm{b}}) \cdot BR(\Lambda_{\mathrm{b}} \rightarrow \Lambda \ell^- \bar{\nu} \mathrm{X})}}}

Author: G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, Frans Meijers, A. I. McNab, J. Goldberg, J. G. Layter, Dixit, C. Charlesworth, O. C. Cooke, N. K. Watson, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, P. W. Jeffreys, T. Kobayashi, B. Nellen, P. G. Estabrooks, U. C. Dunwoody, Margret Fincke-Keeler, A. M. Lee, M. Tscheulin, Eduardo Ros, Abish Malik, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, Robert Lahmann, I. P. Duerdoth, J.P. Martin, D. Axen, H. Przysiezniak, P. Fath, C. Hartmann, Otmar Biebel, Gideon Bella, P. M. Watkins, C. Darling, T. J. Smith, R. Bartoldus, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, H. J. Burckhart, D.L. Wagner, P. Jovanovic, Peter Krieger, A. Jawahery, A. M. Rossi, H. Deng, A. Stahl, S. B. Anderson, T. Tsukamoto, J. von Krogh, Ehud Duchovni, Jacqueline Batley, P. Igo-Kemenes, J. W. Gary, H. O. Ogren, S. L. Chu, T. Kress, O. Runolfsson, Alan Watson, M. J. Kobel, P. Mättig, J. Ludwig, J. J. Ward, D. Lanske, Doug Gingrich, H. Jeremie, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, Shlomo Dado, K. Runge, P. Bock, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, R. J. Hawkings, A. H. Ball, Silvia Arcelli, S. J. De Jong, Shoji Asai, L. A. del Pozo, James Pinfold, R. E. Hughes-Jones, D. E. Hutchcroft, C. Dallapiccola, J. M. Roney, S. W. Gensler, W. R. Gibson, David G. Charlton, E. Lefebvre, H. Mes, H. Fischer, G. Mikenberg, S. W. O'Neale, Georges Azuelos, B. Stockhausen, F. K. Loebinger, J. D. Gillies, D. G. Fong, Daniel Lellouch, T. J. McMahon, S. J. Hillier, Carla Sbarra, S. Komamiya, T. R. Wyatt, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, C. M. Hawkes, A. K. Honma, J.A. Lauber, J. Schwiening, J. Gascon, Takehiko Mori, F. Odorici, V. Gibson, C.J. Beeston, Sherry Towers, G. Duckeck, R. K. Carnegie, A. P. Wagner, K. W. Bell, N. Altekamp, E. A. Mckigney, N. L. Rodning, T. Kawamoto, Frank Fiedler, S. G. Clowes, M. Boutemeur, Stan Bentvelsen, Norbert Wermes, E. do Couto e Silva, J. C. Hill, D. J. Miller, A. Beck, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, Eugene P. Gross, F. Wäckerle, J. A. McKenna, J. A. Wilson, B. Poli, M. W. Redmond, M. F. Turner-Watson, Peter Sherwood, P. E. L. Clarke, F. X. Gentit, M. Morii, B. C. Shen, Peter R Hobson, W. Mohr, W. P. Lai, V. Zacek, R. Kowalewski, J. E. Conboy, K. J. Anderson, S. Orito, J. C. Clayton, A. Posthaus, D. C. Imrie, A. Fürtjes, Siegfried Bethke, Gy. Wolf, P. Berlich, D. Karlen, P. Gagnon, Thomson, T. Geralis, Rick J. Van Kooten, Sven Menke, P. Szymanski, Stefan Kluth, M. Rosvick, Shlomit Tarem, M. Tecchio, Lorne Levinson, W. G. Scott, P. Weber, R. Giacomelli, T. Hilse, I. J. Bloodworth, G. P. Siroli, J. King, K. Ametewee, P. D. Phillips, O. Schaile, M. Hapke, G. T. Zorn, G. D. Lafferty, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, A. Michelini, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, P. Kyberd, C. J. Oram, B. W. Kennedy, Pedro Teixeira-Dias, Robert Wayne Springer, Paolo Giacomelli, H. M. Bosch, M. Hansroul, Gilles Beaudoin, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, J. Steuerer, Andris Skuja, M. Settles, Michael Schulz, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Roger Barlow, M. J. Losty, Claudio Grandi, F. Palmonari, G. D. Long, F. S. Merritt, Yoram Rozen, Fabrizio Fabbri, S. A. Robins, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, Tetsuro Mashimo, Carsten Daniel Burgard, M. Foucher, M. Jimack, John Allison, K. Stephens, T. W. Pritchard, P. Vikas, Matthew Jones, M. J. Oreglia, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, D. R. Rust, G. Yekutieli, F. Scharf, G. W. Wilson, G.Marco Dallavalle, P. Schütz, D. L. Rees, S. Söldner-Rembold, S. Braibant, T. Behnke, J. R. Carter, Junichi Kanzaki, R. J. Homer, Stephen Lloyd, E. von Törne, Robert M Brown, Reda Tafirout, W. Gorn, A. A. Carter, J. Bechtluft, M. Sasaki, Ron Folman, W. Matthews, R. W. L. Jones, Marco Cuffiani, R. G. Kellogg, A. Skillman, G. N. Patrick, C. Y. Chang, A. Gaidot, B. J. King, A. D. Schaile, A. S. Turcot, D. R. Ward, P. Taras, P. Scharff-Hansen, D. S. Koetke, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, P. Utzat, Marcello Fanti, Julie Kirk, G. A. Beck, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, R. Bürgin, Stefano Marcellini, B. Fabbro, James Letts, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, M. G. Rison, A. Joly, N. I. Geddes, D. Hochman, B. Schmitt, Gregor Herten, B. Wilkens, J. E. Pilcher, N. J. Oldershaw, R.J. Akers, M. Starks, M. Hauschild, S. A. Wotton, C. Markus, P. S. Wells, David E. Plane, P R Poffenberger, P.G. Bright-Thomas, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, H. Fukui, Richard Keeler, R. J. Sobie, R. Howard, R. Mir, Matthias Schröder, R. D. Heuer, H. Lafoux, F. G. Oakham, P.A. Hart, J. P. Pansart, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, E. L. Barberio, C. K. Hargrove, Tara Shears, B. Nijjhar, and M. J. Pearce
Subjects: Physics, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Branching fraction, Product (mathematics), Electron–positron annihilation, Bibliography, Neutrino, Lambda
Published: 1996

16. Measurement of the average b-baryon lifetime and the product branching ratio $$f(b \to \Lambda _b ) \cdot BR(\Lambda _b \to \Lambda \ell ^ - \bar vX)$$

Author: R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, C. Y. Chang, P. Taras, Michael Kobel, G. P. Siroli, J. King, I. J. Bloodworth, O. C. Cooke, S. L. Chu, Stefan Kluth, M. Hapke, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Shlomit Tarem, J. C. Clayton, M. Settles, Julie Kirk, H. Lafoux, R. Kowalewski, D. E. Hutchcroft, Gideon Bella, C. J. Oram, G. W. Wilson, P. Igo-Kemenes, Yoram Rozen, J. von Krogh, M. Hauschild, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, H. Mes, K. Stephens, M. Foucher, M. J. Oreglia, H. Jeremie, K. Ametewee, C. Markus, R. E. Hughes-Jones, R. J. Hawkings, R. Bartoldus, Peter Sherwood, V. Gibson, Tara Shears, Alexander Wagner, Frank Fiedler, D. Hochman, Gunter Wolf, F. X. Gentit, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, L. A. del Pozo, I. P. Duerdoth, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Fath, Junichi Kanzaki, D. Karlen, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, P. S. Wells, U. C. Dunwoody, P. A. Hart, J. Ludwig, P. Poffenberger, K. Runge, P. Bock, R. K. Carnegie, C. Burgard, E. do Couto e Silva, N. J. Oldershaw, R.J. Akers, J. R. Carter, Terry Richard Wyatt, G. N. Patrick, J. A. Wilson, M. J. Pearce, Ehud Duchovni, J. Steuerer, P. Schütz, S. Wotton, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Sven Menke, P. Weber, O. Schaile, S. G. Clowes, S. B. Anderson, P. Szymanski, A. Gaidot, P. Scharff-Hansen, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, Otmar Biebel, D. L. Wagner, R. W. Springer, M. Jimack, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, A. I. McNab, J. Goldberg, H. Deng, S. Braibant, P. W. Jeffreys, M. Starks, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, A. J. Martin, B. Nellen, D. L. Rees, J. Letts, F. Palmonari, Silvia Arcelli, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, Georges Azuelos, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, R. Giacomelli, F. Scharf, A. M. Smith, T. Kawamoto, F. S. Merritt, C. Darling, P. Bright-Thomas, T. J. Smith, C. Sbarra, Matthias Schröder, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, E. Lefebvre, Stan Bentvelsen, G. Vasseur, S. Orito, B. Lorazo, M. Rosvick, Marco Cuffiani, S. W. O'Neale, K. W. Bell, K. J. Anderson, A. D. Schaile, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, S. Söldner-Rembold, I. Cohen, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, Andris Skuja, P. Gagnon, A. Buijs, F. Odorici, D. M. Strom, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, G. Yekutieli, Dave Charlton, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, D. Lanske, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, B. C. Shen, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, A. A. Carter, C. Stegmann, J. A. McKenna, Gregor Herten, Siegfried Bethke, A. Joly, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, Shlomo Dado, N. K. Watson, Gordon H. Hanson, A. K. Honma, Stephen Lloyd, B. Nijjhar, G. T. Zorn, W. G. Scott, M. Tecchio, C. M. Hawkes, B. Wilkens, G. Giacomelli, A. S. Turcot, B. J. King, H. Fukui, P. Utzat, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, M. W. Redmond, M. G. Rison, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, E. A. Mckigney, J. Bechtluft, M. F. Turner-Watson, J. P. Pansart, T. Hilse, M. Morii, W. Gorn, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, John Allison, P. Schenk, Peter R Hobson, Giora Mikenberg, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, J. E. Pilcher, N. I. Geddes, R. J. Homer, O. Runolfsson, P. Routenburg, U. Müller, M. J. Losty, R. G. Kellogg, W. Mohr, A. Posthaus, W. P. Lai, M. S. Dixit, Stefano Marcellini, N. L. Rodning, C. Beeston, James Pinfold, Claudio Grandi, B. Poli, D. G. Fong, W. Matthews, M. A. Thomson, Frans Meijers, J. Gascon, V. Zacek, G. A. Beck, C. K. Hargrove, E. K. U. Gross, A. Malik, T. Wlodek, R. Howard, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, M. Sproston, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, J. M. Roney, T. Tsukamoto, N. Tesch, T. Behnke, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, J. G. Layter, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, B. Schmitt, Madjid Boutemeur, C. Charlesworth, Margret Fincke-Keeler, T. W. Pritchard, P. E.L. Clarke, M. K. Jones, J. P. Martin, P. G. Estabrooks, M. Tscheulin, R. K. Keeler, Guenter Duckeck, S. De Jong, A. M. Rossi, H. Przysiezniak, P. M. Watkins, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, S. A. Robins, C. Dallapiccola, J. D. Gillies, N. Altekamp, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, R. Mir, J. Lauber, F. G. Oakham, E. L. Barberio, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, B. W. Kennedy, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, Peter Krieger, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, D. R. Rust, C. Hartmann, D. E. Plane, G. M. Dallavalle, A. M. Lee, E. von Törne, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, R. Van Kooten, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, Gilles Beaudoin, A. Skillman, F. Wäckerle, Reda Tafirout, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, M. Fanti, R. D. Heuer, and Fabrizio Fabbri
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Lambda, Baryon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Baryon number, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: The average lifetime of b-flavoured baryons measured with the OPAL detector is updated to include data collected between 1990 and 1994 at LEP. Bottom-flavoured baryons that decay semileptonically and produce aΛ baryon are identified through the correlation of the baryon number of theΛ and the electric charge of the lepton. To measure the lifetime, the decay point of the b baryon is estimated by theΛ-lepton vertex, and the observed distribution of decay lengths is fitted simultaneously in 874 right-sign and 384 wrong-sign combinations. In a separate method, the impact parameter distribution of the leptons is fitted in a subset of these data. When the two results are combined, taking correlations into account, the average b-baryon lifetime is found to be τ=1.16±0.11(stat.)±0.06(syst.) ps. Using the same data, the product branching ratio is measured to be$\begin{gathered} \hfill f(b \to \Lambda _b ) \cdot BR(\Lambda _b \to \Lambda \ell ^ - \bar vX) = (2.91 \pm 0.23(stat.) \\ \hfill \pm 0.25(stat.)) \cdot 10^{ - 3} \\ \end{gathered} $, where the symbolf(b→Λb) is the fraction of b quarks from Z0 decays forming b baryons,Λb represents all b-flavoured baryons and l is either an electron or a muon.
Published: 1995

17. Measurement of the τ−→h − h + h − v τ and τ−→h − h + h −≥1π0 v τ branching ratios

Author: Madjid Boutemeur, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, W. Gorn, P. M. Watkins, R. Bartoldus, Otmar Biebel, D. L. Wagner, H. O. Ogren, C. Y. Chang, S. Braibant, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, H. Deng, G. G. Hanson, P. Taras, G. Giacomelli, W. R. Gibson, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, N. J. Oldershaw, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, J. Letts, P. Schenk, Michael Kobel, A. Beck, S. Söldner-Rembold, Norbert Wermes, A. Fürtjes, R.J. Akers, R. Kowalewski, Sherry Towers, M. S. Dixit, T. Kawamoto, G. A. Beck, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, Frans Meijers, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, P. D. Phillips, P. E.L. Clarke, M. K. Jones, Gilles Beaudoin, P. Igo-Kemenes, Julie Kirk, H. Lafoux, A. Skillman, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, F. Palmonari, O. Schaile, K. Ametewee, R. G. Kellogg, Silvia Arcelli, J. P. Martin, M. Tscheulin, B. Schmitt, S. De Jong, H. Jeremie, N. K. Watson, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, Matthias Schröder, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, R. E. Hughes-Jones, Reda Tafirout, M. Fanti, J. Steuerer, H. Przysiezniak, V. Gibson, E. A. Mckigney, O. C. Cooke, Margret Fincke-Keeler, F. S. Merritt, M. Hapke, M. Starks, G. P. Siroli, J. King, D. E. Hutchcroft, C. Dallapiccola, P. Scharff-Hansen, Sachio Komamiya, W. P. Lai, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, E. do Couto e Silva, S. Marcllini, J. D. Gillies, W. Mohr, A. Posthaus, Dave Charlton, J. Bechtluft, J. A. McKenna, Shlomo Dado, J. von Krogh, R. J. Hawkings, Ehud Duchovni, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, R. Howard, C. Hartmann, D. E. Plane, N. Altekamp, B. Lorazo, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, P. Poffenberger, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, P. Schütz, L. A. del Pozo, B. C. Shen, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, G. M. Dallavalle, G. W. Wilson, M. Hauschild, J. G. Layter, Sven Menke, H. Mes, M. J. Oreglia, J. P. Pansart, Giora Mikenberg, J. Gascon, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, T. J. McMahon, D. J. Miller, C. Markus, D. L. Rees, C. Charlesworth, A. Malik, G. N. Patrick, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, J. Schwiening, I. P. Duerdoth, R. K. Carnegie, D. Axen, J. W. Gary, Paolo Giacomelli, R. D. Heuer, A. Jawahery, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. S. Koetke, F. Scharf, M. Hansroul, M. Jimack, J. A. Wilson, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, S. W. Gensler, P. Fath, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, A. D. Schaile, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Gideon Bella, Marco Cuffiani, S. J. Hillier, Peter Sherwood, A. Buijs, T. Kobayashi, H. J. Burckhart, Alexander Wagner, Jacqueline Batley, W. Matthews, C. Sbarra, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, T. R. Wyatt, M. A. Thomson, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, D. R. Rust, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, P. Bock, G. Yekutieli, C. K. Hargrove, H. Fukui, E. K. U. Gross, P. Weber, W. G. Scott, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. F. Turner-Watson, A. A. Carter, M. Sproston, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, P. Gagnon, U. C. Dunwoody, P. A. Hart, J. Allison, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, Gregor Herten, B. J. King, R. J. Barlow, M. Morii, P. Utzat, B. Nijjhar, S. L. Chu, R. J. Homer, Peter R Hobson, N. Tesch, G. T. Zorn, M. J. Pearce, A. M. Lee, R. Mir, M. G. Rison, B. Wilkens, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, E. Lefebvre, E. von Törne, H. M. Bosch, S. G. Clowes, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, P. Routenburg, J. E. Pilcher, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, F. Odorici, Frank Fiedler, D. Hochman, P. W. Jeffreys, R. Van Kooten, P. S. Wells, J. C. Clayton, Stephen Lloyd, T. Behnke, C.J. Beeston, T. G. Shears, M. Tecchio, F. Wäckerle, J. Lauber, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, P. Bright-Thomas, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, D. Lanske, F. G. Oakham, M. J. Losty, E. L. Barberio, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, B. W. Kennedy, P. Jovanovic, Claudio Grandi, Austin Ball, Peter Krieger, R. W. Springer, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, Georges Azuelos, K. W. Bell, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, J. M. Roney, G. D. Lafferty, A. Joly, M. W. Redmond, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, R. Giacomelli, A. I. McNab, J. Goldberg, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, B. Nellen, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, Stefan Kluth, H. M. Fischer, Shlomit Tarem, A. Michelini, C. J. Oram, Gunter Wolf, S. A. Robins, S. Wotton, J. R. Carter, N. I. Geddes, N. L. Rodning, B. Poli, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, Yoram Rozen, M. Foucher, Junichi Kanzaki, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, C. M. Hawkes, Daniel Lellouch, A. S. Turcot, Takehiko Mori, V. Zacek, C. Darling, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, S. B. Anderson, P. Szymanski, Stan Bentvelsen, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, T. W. Pritchard, Guenter Duckeck, and Andris Skuja
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, Analytical chemistry, Branching (polymer chemistry), Engineering (miscellaneous), Charged particle, Lepton
Abstract: The branching ratios of the τ−→h − h + h − v τ and τ−→h − h + h −≥1π0 v τ decays, whereh is either a charged π orK meson, are measured using a data sample of 87861 τ+τ− pairs collected with the OPAL detector at LEP. The two branching ratios are extracted simultaneously from a sample of three charged particle decays and found to be: $$\begin{gathered} B(\tau ^ - \to h^ - h^ + h^ - \nu _\tau ) = (9.87 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.24)\% \hfill \\ B(\tau ^ - \to h^ - h^ + h^ - \geqslant 1\pi ^0 \nu _\tau ) = (5.09 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.23)\% \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. The branching ratio of the τ lepton into three charged particles is measured to be: $$B(\tau ^ - \to 3 - prong) = (14.96 \pm 0.09 \pm 0.22)\%$$
Published: 1995

18. A study of QCD structure constants and a measurement of $$\alpha _s (M_{Z^0 } )$$ at LEP using event shape observables

Author: S. Braibant, H. M. Fischer, T. J. McMahon, Otmar Biebel, A. Michelini, D. L. Wagner, Gunter Wolf, F. X. Gentit, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, H. Deng, S. Söldner-Rembold, Reda Tafirout, S. A. Robins, P. E.L. Clarke, R. Kowalewski, J. Schwiening, M. K. Jones, G. W. Wilson, J. Letts, Frank Fiedler, D. Hochman, M. Hauschild, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, J. P. Martin, E. Lefebvre, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, C. Markus, R. K. Carnegie, Andris Skuja, M. Tscheulin, S. De Jong, N. J. Oldershaw, J. A. Wilson, R.J. Akers, O. Schaile, T. Kawamoto, Paolo Giacomelli, C. M. Hawkes, M. Starks, K. Ametewee, K. Stephens, F. Odorici, Daniel Lellouch, Madjid Boutemeur, M. Hansroul, S. Wotton, Matthias Schröder, Takehiko Mori, Shlomo Dado, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, G. P. Siroli, J. King, M. Fanti, W. R. Gibson, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, V. Gibson, H. Przysiezniak, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, V. Zacek, R. J. Homer, J. Steuerer, A. Beck, Gregor Herten, B. Wilkens, Lorne Levinson, J. P. Pansart, M. Hapke, R. W. Springer, J. E. Pilcher, R. Bartoldus, C. Dallapiccola, Eilam Gross, C. Sbarra, Margret Fincke-Keeler, P. M. Watkins, J. D. Gillies, P. D. Phillips, Gilles Beaudoin, Giora Mikenberg, A. Skillman, T. Hilse, D. E. Hutchcroft, W. Gorn, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, A. M. Rossi, N. K. Watson, O. Runolfsson, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, P. S. Wells, G. Yekutieli, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, R. D. Heuer, U. Müller, C. Hartmann, D. E. Plane, A. I. McNab, P. Igo-Kemenes, Georges Azuelos, M. J. Oreglia, T. Tsukamoto, Fabrizio Fabbri, G. G. Hanson, A. J. Martin, H. O. Ogren, F. Palmonari, J. C. Clayton, Silvia Arcelli, D. Axen, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, C. Darling, T. J. Smith, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, T. Kobayashi, N. Altekamp, R. Van Kooten, Roger Jones, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, G. M. Dallavalle, T. W. Pritchard, J. Goldberg, K. W. Bell, H. Mes, C. Beeston, R. J. Barlow, H. Jeremie, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, J. C. Hill, P. Scharff-Hansen, P. Schenk, N. I. Geddes, Claudio Grandi, Misao Sasaki, A. Jawahery, Marco Cuffiani, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, P. W. Jeffreys, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, I. P. Duerdoth, P. Fath, Dave Charlton, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, Guenter Duckeck, B. Nellen, B. C. Shen, D. J. Miller, S. W. O'Neale, R. E. Hughes-Jones, N. L. Rodning, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, M. S. Dixit, W. Mohr, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, A. M. Smith, Frans Meijers, W. G. Scott, F. Wäckerle, B. Poli, E. A. Mckigney, D. M. Gingrich, K. J. Anderson, J. E. Conboy, S. L. Chu, A. Fürtjes, A. Posthaus, B. J. King, P. Utzat, M. G. Rison, A. Buijs, C. K. Hargrove, G. A. Beck, P. Weber, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, Peter Sherwood, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Tara Shears, E. do Couto e Silva, W. P. Lai, Alexander Wagner, P. Berlich, D. M. Strom, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, C. Stegmann, I. J. Bloodworth, Stephen Lloyd, W. Matthews, P. Bright-Thomas, F. S. Merritt, J. Ludwig, G. Giacomelli, O. C. Cooke, A. S. Turcot, H. Fukui, P. Poffenberger, U. C. Dunwoody, H. G. Evans, B. Schmitt, M. A. Thomson, M. J. Goodrick, James Pinfold, P. A. Hart, Sven Menke, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, M. J. Losty, D. R. Rust, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, M. Tecchio, Robert M Brown, J. M. Roney, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, Gideon Bella, K. Runge, P. Bock, H. J. Burckhart, J. G. Layter, Jacqueline Batley, M. Settles, Yoram Rozen, M. Foucher, P. Schütz, R. Giacomelli, I. Cohen, M. J. Pearce, D. Lanske, A. M. Lee, A. Malik, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, C. Charlesworth, B. W. Kennedy, P. Jovanovic, J. Bechtluft, J. A. McKenna, Austin Ball, E. von Törne, J. von Krogh, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, M. Sproston, Peter Krieger, Manuella Vincter, R. J. Hawkings, L. A. del Pozo, C. Y. Chang, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, Alessandro Montanari, P. Taras, R. Mir, R. Howard, N. Tesch, T. Behnke, S. B. Anderson, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, P. Szymanski, Michael Kobel, J. Lauber, P. Gagnon, C. J. Oram, Julie Kirk, H. Lafoux, S. G. Clowes, D. L. Rees, Stan Bentvelsen, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, F. Scharf, F. G. Oakham, G. T. Zorn, A. D. Schaile, E. L. Barberio, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, A. Joly, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, M. W. Redmond, Peter R Hobson, P. Routenburg, John Allison, R. G. Kellogg, and Stefano Marcellini
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Structure constants, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Observable, Jet (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Strong coupling, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Constant (mathematics), Engineering (miscellaneous), Event (particle physics), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The dependence of event shape cross sections on the QCD structure constantsCA,CF andTF is studied using data from the OPAL detector at LEP. The observables Thrust, Heavy Jet Mass, Total and Wide Jet Broadening are used. They allow the use ofO(αs2), resummed NLLA, and combinedO(αs2) plus resummed NLLA QCD calculations so that a comparison between the different approaches can be performed. The measured values of the structure constants are found to be consistent with standard QCD based on SU(3) and five active quark flavours. A measurement of the strong coupling constant using NLLA QCD calculations alone results in$\alpha _s (M_{Z^0 } ) = 0.113_{ - 0.008}^{ + 0.009}$, which complements our previous determinations.
Published: 1995

19. A study of b quark fragmentation into B0 and B+ mesons at LEP

Author: Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, J. Palinkas, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, Shlomo Dado, P. Fath, A. M. Rossi, F. Wäckerle, B. W. Kennedy, D. M. Gingrich, P. Jovanovic, T. Behnke, J. Steuerer, Austin Ball, Peter Krieger, P. Berlich, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, P. W. Jeffreys, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, P. Routenburg, Giora Mikenberg, U. Jost, R. Mir, Reda Tafirout, Madjid Boutemeur, P. Igo-Kemenes, B. C. Shen, D. Axen, I. J. Bloodworth, J. C. Clayton, P. Bright-Thomas, Dave Charlton, P. Poffenberger, H. Jeremie, P. G. Estabrooks, A. Jawahery, Marco Cuffiani, M. Settles, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, J. J. Ward, W. Matthews, W. G. Scott, R. E. Hughes-Jones, Yoram Rozen, F. G. Oakham, P. Vikas, D. Lanske, T. J. McMahon, P. Schütz, Ehud Duchovni, M. A. Thomson, Peter Sherwood, E. L. Barberio, M. Foucher, Alexander Wagner, Paolo Giacomelli, P. M. Watkins, S. L. Chu, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, M. Hansroul, E. K. U. Gross, C. Dallapiccola, M. Jimack, A. Gaidot, W. R. Gibson, J. Ludwig, S. Braibant, E. Lefebvre, N. J. Oldershaw, Richard Keeler, K. Runge, P. Bock, J. D. Gillies, T. Wlodek, Junichi Kanzaki, T. Hilse, M. Sproston, D. Karlen, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, E. do Couto e Silva, N. I. Geddes, S. W. Gensler, F. S. Merrtt, R. D. Heuer, Dezso Horvath, Fabrizio Fabbri, C. Burgard, F. Odorici, O. Runolfsson, M. J. Losty, A. Beck, S. J. Hillier, P. Gagnon, N. Altekamp, J. A. Wilson, A. I. McNab, John Allison, R. Howard, Jean-Arcady Meyer, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, T. Kobayashi, N. L. Rodning, Gideon Bella, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, C. Beeston, Sven Menke, J. Goldberg, B. Poli, A. Sittler, Claudio Grandi, D. R. Rust, J. P. Pansart, R. J. Homer, O. Schaile, R. W. Springer, R. G. Kellogg, Silvia Arcelli, B. Nellen, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, S. Söldner-Rembold, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, T. Tsukamoto, N. Tesch, N. K. Watson, H. M. Fischer, M. Starks, A. J. Martin, H. M. Bosch, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, Gilles Beaudoin, A. Skillman, G. A. Beck, C. Darling, T. J. Smith, Achim Stahl, A. M. Lee, Csaba Hajdu, Stefano Marcellini, E. A. Mckigney, A. Michelini, P. S. Wells, M. Tecchio, E. von Törne, S. W. O'Neale, O. C. Cooke, G. W. Wilson, K. J. Anderson, M. Hauschild, Georges Azuelos, P. Mättig, Stephen Lloyd, E. Tsur, J. Lauber, Terry Richard Wyatt, W. P. Lai, Frank Fiedler, D. Hochman, S. G. Clowes, M. Fierro, Shoji Asai, B. Schmitt, S. A. Robins, Robert M Brown, C. Markus, K. W. Bell, J. E.G. Edwards, C. Hartmann, D. E. Plane, K. Stephens, J. Bechtluft, J. A. McKenna, C. Y. Chang, Misao Sasaki, C. M. Hawkes, Margret Fincke-Keeler, Daniel Lellouch, A. Joly, R. Kowalewski, J. M. Roney, W. Mohr, G. M. Dallavalle, P. Taras, A. Posthaus, J. von Krogh, F. Strumia, Michael Kobel, Takehiko Mori, E. H. Vokurka, K. Ametewee, R. J. Hawkings, V. Gibson, H. G. Evans, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, V. Zacek, F. K. Loebinger, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, Alan Watson, R. Bartoldus, D. M. Strom, M. J. Goodrick, C. Stegmann, Julie Kirk, H. Fukui, Joleen Pater, I. Cohen, D. L. Rees, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, R. Rylko, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, G. Yekutieli, F. Scharf, R. Giacomelli, German Martinez, Gregor Herten, B. Wilkens, A. D. Schaile, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, B. J. King, P. Utzat, M. G. Rison, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, Gunter Wolf, J. E. Pilcher, S. Wotton, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, Tara Shears, U. C. Dunwoody, C. J. Oram, P. A. Hart, M. J. Pearce, U. Müller, Otmar Biebel, C. K. Hargrove, Matthias Schröder, D. L. Wagner, H. Lafoux, H. Deng, J. Letts, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, M. Hapke, D. E. Hutchcroft, M. J. Oreglia, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, S. B. Anderson, P. Szymanski, Stan Bentvelsen, Andris Skuja, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, A. S. Turcot, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, James Pinfold, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, D. G. Fong, C. Lewis, J. Gascon, T. W. Pritchard, A. Malik, J. W. Gary, Guenter Duckeck, D. S. Koetke, Marcello Mannelli, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, J. G. Layter, R. Lahmann, C. Charlesworth, D. C. Imrie, M. Palazzo, Stefania Xella, P. E.L. Clarke, M. K. Jones, G. P. Siroli, J. P. Martin, M. Tscheulin, John Hill, S. De Jong, J. King, H. Przysiezniak, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Weber, R. Van Kooten, and Sachio Komamiya
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Bottom quark, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Mass spectrum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, B meson, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Free parameter
Abstract: A study of b quark fragmentation at LEP is presented using a sample of semileptonic B decays containing a fully reconstructed charm meson. The data are compared to several theoretical models for heavy quark fragmentation; the free parameters in these models are fitted and the sensitivity of the model parameters to the rate of P-wave B meson production is studied. The mean scaled energy fraction of B 0 and B + mesons has been determined to be x E > = 0.695 ± 0.006 ± 0.003 ± 0.007, where the errors are statistical, systematic and model dependence respectively. This result is consistent with previous, less direct measurements from inclusive leptonic B decays. Also presented is a model independent fit to the shape of the energy distribution of weakly decaying B mesons at LEP.
Published: 1995

20. A comparison of b and uds quark jets to gluon jets

Author: C. M. Hawkes, N. J. Oldershaw, P. Gagnon, Daniel Lellouch, C. Dallapiccola, M. Hapke, E. Lefebvre, Takehiko Mori, John Allison, J. D. Gillies, A. Sittler, A. I. McNab, O. Schaile, R. G. Kellogg, F. Odorici, Csaba Hajdu, Stefano Marcellini, D. E. Hutchcroft, J. Goldberg, V. Zacek, B. Nellen, W. Matthews, H. M. Bosch, N. Altekamp, B. C. Shen, M. Starks, J. Palinkas, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, J. Lauber, A. Joly, R. J. Barlow, Siegfried Bethke, M. A. Thomson, M. J. Oreglia, P. Poffenberger, Joleen Pater, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, W. G. Scott, R. Giacomelli, D. J. Miller, Silvia Arcelli, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, F. Strumia, K. Stephens, R. Kowalewski, Shlomo Dado, Gregor Herten, I. Cohen, P. Schütz, T. Wlodek, J. R. Carter, M. Sproston, I. J. Bloodworth, R. Howard, B. Wilkens, A. Gaidot, U. Müller, J. Bechtluft, G. N. Patrick, Gunter Wolf, F. X. Gentit, P. Igo-Kemenes, M. Settles, H. Jeremie, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, Dezso Horvath, M. J. Losty, J. P. Pansart, S. G. Clowes, Yoram Rozen, J. E. Pilcher, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, Peter R Hobson, T. Tsukamoto, M. Foucher, Otmar Biebel, N. Tesch, R. E. Hughes-Jones, M. Fierro, V. Gibson, N. I. Geddes, A. J. Martin, Jean-Arcady Meyer, T. Kobayashi, J. E.G. Edwards, D. L. Wagner, F. S. Merritt, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, P. Fath, Junichi Kanzaki, S. Wotton, R. D. Heuer, P. Routenburg, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, Fabrizio Fabbri, T. Behnke, N. L. Rodning, C. Y. Chang, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, B. W. Kennedy, E. A. Mckigney, W. R. Gibson, P. W. Jeffreys, J. Steuerer, G. W. Wilson, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, M. Hauschild, H. Deng, P. Jovanovic, E. do Couto e Silva, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, P. Taras, Michael Kobel, Austin Ball, Eilam Gross, N. K. Watson, B. Poli, C. Darling, Peter Sherwood, W. P. Lai, J. G. Layter, Giora Mikenberg, Dave Charlton, G. A. Beck, C. Markus, Achim Stahl, T. J. Smith, C. K. Hargrove, Peter Krieger, R. Van Kooten, Matthias Schröder, J. Letts, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, D. R. Ward, Alexander Wagner, H. Lafoux, T. Kress, R. W. Springer, R. Lahmann, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, D. C. Imrie, M. Palazzo, J. Ludwig, Julie Kirk, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, E. H. Vokurka, A. Beck, Sven Menke, J. M. Roney, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, J. C. Clayton, U. Jost, P. Bright-Thomas, B. Schmitt, P. S. Wells, R. Mir, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, C. J. Oram, S. Braibant, J. A. McKenna, Margret Fincke-Keeler, C. Charlesworth, Georges Azuelos, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, Terry Richard Wyatt, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, E. Tsur, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Marco Cuffiani, D. Lanske, Gilles Beaudoin, S. L. Chu, G. Giacomelli, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, F. Wäckerle, D. M. Gingrich, K. W. Bell, S. W. O'Neale, A. Skillman, K. J. Anderson, Randall Sobie, Gideon Bella, Madjid Boutemeur, Tara Shears, U. C. Dunwoody, P. A. Hart, Stefania Xella, J. C. Hill, R. Bartoldus, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, K. Runge, Misao Sasaki, M. J. Pearce, C. Hartmann, D. E. Plane, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, W. Mohr, A. M. Rossi, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, P. Berlich, P. Bock, F. G. Oakham, G. M. Dallavalle, P. E.L. Clarke, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, M. K. Jones, E. L. Barberio, S. Söldner-Rembold, H. M. Fischer, A. Posthaus, D. R. Rust, J. P. Martin, P. Weber, A. Michelini, D. M. Strom, T. W. Pritchard, P. M. Watkins, M. Tscheulin, J. E. Conboy, C. Stegmann, A. Fürtjes, S. De Jong, Paolo Giacomelli, Reda Tafirout, M. Hansroul, S. A. Robins, Guenter Duckeck, H. Fukui, C. Beeston, A. M. Lee, Claudio Grandi, R. Rylko, M. Tecchio, E. von Törne, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, H. Przysiezniak, R. J. Homer, S. B. Anderson, P. Szymanski, Frank Fiedler, D. Hochman, D. L. Rees, F. Scharf, German Martinez, G. G. Hanson, Stan Bentvelsen, A. D. Schaile, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, A. S. Turcot, K. Ametewee, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, Stephen Lloyd, Robert M Brown, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, C. Lewis, J. Gascon, A. Malik, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, Marcello Mannelli, Andris Skuja, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, O. C. Cooke, J. von Krogh, R. J. Hawkings, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, B. J. King, P. Utzat, M. G. Rison, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, and J. A. Wilson
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), High Energy Physics::Lattice, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Bottom quark, Charged particle, Gluon, Vertex (geometry), Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Symmetric three-jet events are selected from hadronic Z0 decays such that the two lower energy jets are each produced at an angle of about 150° with respect to the highest energy jet. In some cases, a displaced secondary vertex is reconstructed in one of the two lower energy jets, which permits the other lower energy jet to be identified as a gluon jet through anti-tagging. In other cases, the highest energy jet is tagged as a b jet or as a light quark (uds) jet using secondary vertex or track impact parameter and momentum information. Comparing the two lower energy jets of the events with a tag in the highest energy jet to the anti-tagged gluon jets yields a direct comparison of b, uds and gluon jets, which are produced with the same energy of about 24 GeV and under the same conditions. We observe b jets and gluon jets to have similar properties as measured by the angular distribution of particle energy around the jet directions and by the fragmentation functions. In contrast, gluon jets are found to be significantly broader and to have a markedly softer fragmentation function than uds jets. For thek ⊥ jet finder withy cut=0.02, we find $$\begin{gathered} \frac{{\left\langle {n^{ch.} } \right\rangle gluon}}{{\left\langle {n^{ch.} } \right\rangle b quark}} = 1.089 \pm 0.024(stat.) \pm 0.024(syst.) \hfill \\ \frac{{\left\langle {n^{ch.} } \right\rangle gluon}}{{\left\langle {n^{ch.} } \right\rangle uds quark}} = 1.390 \pm 0.038(stat.) \pm 0.032(syst.) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ as the ratios of the mean charged particle multiplicity in the gluon jets compared to the b and uds jets. Results are also reported using the cone jet finder.
Published: 1995

21. A measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of e+e−→bb by applying a jet charge algorithm to lifetime tagged events

Author: H. O. Ogren, F. S. Merritt, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, J. A. McKenna, Silvia Arcelli, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, Andris Skuja, M. Fanti, Tara Shears, Margret Fincke-Keeler, N. J. Oldershaw, John Allison, Sachio Komamiya, M. Hapke, G. D. Long, U. C. Dunwoody, P. A. Hart, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, C. M. Hawkes, Daniel Lellouch, S. Braibant, D. E. Hutchcroft, P. E.L. Clarke, M. K. Jones, Takehiko Mori, P. S. Wells, Tetsuro Mashimo, T. Hilse, H. M. Fischer, T. J. Smith, Terry Richard Wyatt, E. A. Mckigney, W. P. Lai, P. Igo-Kemenes, W. Matthews, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, R.J. Akers, O. Schaile, J. P. Martin, R. G. Kellogg, J. Steuerer, M. J. Pearce, Gideon Bella, O. Runolfsson, P. Fath, R. D. Heuer, K. Stephens, J. M. Roney, Fabrizio Fabbri, H. Jeremie, M. J. Oreglia, Eilam Gross, M. Tscheulin, S. De Jong, A. Michelini, T. Behnke, Stefano Marcellini, R. E. Hughes-Jones, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, V. Zacek, T. J. McMahon, M. Starks, J. Schwiening, M. A. Thomson, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, C. Beeston, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, H. J. Burckhart, Claudio Grandi, Madjid Boutemeur, A. Buijs, D. R. Rust, A. J. Martin, S. Söldner-Rembold, W. Gorn, R. K. Carnegie, S. W. O'Neale, R. W. Springer, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, Jacqueline Batley, A. Gaidot, P. W. Jeffreys, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, A. S. Turcot, C. J. Oram, T. Wlodek, P. G. Estabrooks, M. Sproston, K. J. Anderson, R. K. Keeler, H. Fukui, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, W. R. Gibson, B. W. Kennedy, A. M. Lee, E. do Couto e Silva, D. Axen, I. J. Bloodworth, A. Jawahery, P. Jovanovic, E. von Törne, P. Bright-Thomas, P. M. Watkins, Austin Ball, Gunter Wolf, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, J. A. Wilson, Peter Sherwood, H. Przysiezniak, S. A. Robins, Peter Krieger, Gregor Herten, V. Gibson, Otmar Biebel, C. Y. Chang, J. J. Ward, M. Settles, P. Scharff-Hansen, Alexander Wagner, T. Tsukamoto, P. Vikas, R. Giacomelli, Sven Menke, D. Lanske, D. L. Wagner, B. Schmitt, N. Tesch, B. Wilkens, Shlomo Dado, J. Ludwig, Yoram Rozen, S. Wotton, Manuella Vincter, K. Runge, P. Bock, Marco Cuffiani, E. Lefebvre, R. Van Kooten, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Alessandro Montanari, P. Taras, Michael Kobel, J. Bechtluft, M. Foucher, U. Müller, H. Deng, M. F. Turner-Watson, N. K. Watson, F. Odorici, R. Mir, P. Gagnon, Xinchou Lou, M. Morii, J. E. Pilcher, R. Howard, A. Beck, A. I. McNab, J. Goldberg, Peter R Hobson, Georges Azuelos, P. Weber, F. Wäckerle, J. P. Pansart, A. M. Smith, C. Sbarra, Julie Kirk, Giora Mikenberg, P. Routenburg, B. Nellen, D. M. Gingrich, Junichi Kanzaki, D. Karlen, J. Lauber, S. G. Clowes, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, J. Letts, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, H. Lafoux, G. W. Wilson, S. L. Chu, M. Hauschild, C. Burgard, G. T. Zorn, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Paolo Giacomelli, A. Joly, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, C. Markus, P. Berlich, W. Mohr, R. Lahmann, M. Hansroul, G. Yekutieli, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, F. G. Oakham, P. Poffenberger, K. W. Bell, H. G. Evans, A. Posthaus, Dave Charlton, D. C. Imrie, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, S. Orito, James Pinfold, M. Rosvick, E. L. Barberio, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, C. Darling, J. C. Hill, N. I. Geddes, Misao Sasaki, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. Bürgin, G. G. Hanson, M. W. Redmond, G. P. Siroli, J. King, C. Dallapiccola, Roger Jones, P. Schütz, P. Texeira-Dias, B. Fabbro, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, J. D. Gillies, B. J. King, R. J. Homer, P. Mättig, B. C. Shen, N. L. Rodning, Frank Fiedler, G. Giacomelli, B. Poli, Shoji Asai, P. Utzat, N. Altekamp, D. Hochman, C. K. Hargrove, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, M. G. Rison, W. G. Scott, R. J. Barlow, D. L. Rees, D. J. Miller, J. C. Clayton, Matthias Schröder, P. Schenk, Gilles Beaudoin, A. Skillman, F. Scharf, M. S. Dixit, M. J. Losty, Frans Meijers, A. M. Rossi, J. G. Layter, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, A. D. Schaile, C. Hartmann, D. E. Plane, C. Charlesworth, G. M. Dallavalle, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, Reda Tafirout, T. W. Pritchard, Guenter Duckeck, S. B. Anderson, P. Szymanski, Stan Bentvelsen, R. Kowalewski, K. Ametewee, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, Robert M Brown, A. Malik, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, Ehud Duchovni, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, M. Jimack, F. Palmonari, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, O. C. Cooke, J. von Krogh, R. J. Hawkings, L. A. del Pozo, and R. Bartoldus
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), media_common.quotation_subject, Charge (physics), Jet (particle physics), Asymmetry, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Higgs boson, Engineering (miscellaneous), Algorithm, Energy (signal processing), media_common, Bar (unit)
Abstract: The forward-backward asymmetry of$e^ + e^ - \to Z^0 \to b\bar b$ has been measured using approximately 2.15 million hadronicZ0 decays collected at the LEP e+e− collider with the OPAL detector. A lifetime tag technique was used to select an enriched$b\bar b$ event sample. The measurement of the$b\bar b$ asymmetry was then performed using a jet charge algorithm to determine the direction of the primary quark. Values of: $$\begin{gathered} A_{FB}^b = 0.062 \pm 0.034 \pm 0.002 - 0.082\Delta (\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} ) \hfill \\ at\sqrt s = 89.52GeV, \hfill \\ A_{FB}^b = 0.0963 \pm 0.0067 \pm 0.0038 - 0.471\Delta (\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} ) \hfill \\ at\sqrt s = 91.25GeV, \hfill \\ A_{FB}^b = 0.172 \pm 0.028 \pm 0.007 - 0.055\Delta (\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} ) \hfill \\ at\sqrt s = 92.94GeV, \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ were measured where, in each case, the first error is statistical, the second is systematic and the third term gives the variation due to a change$\Delta (\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} )$ in the value of$\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} = 0.216$ assumed. The dependence on the assumed charm asymmetry at the same energy is Δ(AFBb)≈+0.07Δ(AFBc). Assuming the Standard Model form for the couplings, these measurements correspond to an effective weak mixing angle of: $$\sin ^2 \theta _W^{eff,e} = 0.2313 \pm 0.0012 \pm 0.0006$$ giving Mtop=196−38−19+33+16GeV/c2, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. The Higgs mass assumed is 300 GeV/c2. A variation in the assumed mass of the Higgs boson between 60 and 1000 GeV/c2 corresponds to an uncertainty in sin2θWeff,e of ±0.00006 and on Mtop of−26+20GeV/c2.
Published: 1995

22. Δ++ production in hadronic Z0 decays

Author: W. R. Gibson, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, S. Braibant, A. Beck, U. Jost, R. Mir, Andris Skuja, G. D. Long, A. I. McNab, J. Goldberg, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, B. W. Kennedy, G. W. Wilson, P. Jovanovic, M. Hauschild, Austin Ball, C. Markus, Peter Krieger, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, Gilles Beaudoin, F. G. Oakham, Tetsuro Mashimo, B. Nellen, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, E. H. Vokurka, A. Skillman, E. L. Barberio, N. I. Geddes, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, M. Palazzo, Peter Sherwood, C. Dallapiccola, F. S. Merritt, C. Hartmann, D. E. Plane, J. D. Gillies, N. L. Rodning, R. J. Homer, N. Altekamp, W. Gorn, N. J. Oldershaw, U. Müller, G. P. Siroli, J. King, R. J. Barlow, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, Silvia Arcelli, D. J. Miller, Joleen Pater, G. M. Dallavalle, Stephen Lloyd, B. Poli, J. Ludwig, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, K. Runge, P. Bock, W. Matthews, P. Igo-Kemenes, H. Mes, I. Cohen, I. P. Duerdoth, R. Giacomelli, C. Darling, O. Schaile, H. Jeremie, J. Lauber, M. A. Thomson, J. Bechtluft, Dave Charlton, P. Fath, Margret Fincke-Keeler, J. A. McKenna, R. Kowalewski, S. B. Anderson, P. Szymanski, R. E. Hughes-Jones, Frank Fiedler, D. Hochman, S. Söldner-Rembold, R. Van Kooten, P. S. Wells, P. Scharff-Hansen, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, T. J. McMahon, G. G. Hanson, E. K. U. Gross, F. Strumia, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, A. Gaidot, P. Mättig, K. Ametewee, Shoji Asai, T. Wlodek, J. Schwiening, M. Sproston, Terry Richard Wyatt, Gideon Alexander, Stefan Kluth, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, Paolo Capiluppi, M. Starks, A. J. Martin, Reda Tafirout, R. Bartoldus, R. K. Carnegie, E. A. Mckigney, Shlomit Tarem, C. M. Hawkes, C. K. Hargrove, Daniel Lellouch, P. Weber, A. M. Smith, T. Tsukamoto, N. Tesch, Takehiko Mori, H. O. Ogren, V. Gibson, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Matthias Schröder, G. Giacomelli, Stan Bentvelsen, E. do Couto e Silva, A. Joly, C. J. Oram, J. A. Wilson, G. Vasseur, P. Schenk, B. Lorazo, Ehud Duchovni, S. L. Chu, V. Zacek, N. K. Watson, F. Wäckerle, A. M. Rossi, M. Jimack, P. Gagnon, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, D. M. Gingrich, Sven Menke, W. P. Lai, H. Lafoux, J. C. Clayton, H. M. Fischer, John Allison, J. Palinkas, S. W. Gensler, A. S. Turcot, F. X. Gentit, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, P. Berlich, M. S. Dixit, Gregor Herten, Frans Meijers, A. Sittler, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, James Pinfold, Gunter Wolf, D. G. Fong, C. Lewis, J. Gascon, Shlomo Dado, E. Lefebvre, A. Michelini, R. Howard, P. E.L. Clarke, W. Mohr, B. Wilkens, D. R. Rust, J. P. Pansart, A. Wagne, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, R. G. Kellogg, H. M. Bosch, A. Posthaus, I. J. Bloodworth, O. C. Cooke, Csaba Hajdu, S. A. Robins, M. K. Jones, J. P. Martin, F. Odorici, Stefano Marcellini, A. M. Lee, M. Tscheulin, J. E. Pilcher, J. M. Roney, M. Tecchio, E. von Törne, A. Malik, S. De Jong, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, B. Schmitt, D. M. Strom, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, C. Stegmann, Tara Shears, J. von Krogh, Giora Mikenberg, H. Fukui, M. Settles, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, R. Rylko, Yoram Rozen, U. C. Dunwoody, P. A. Hart, D. L. Rees, Marcello Mannelli, T. W. Pritchard, S. Wotton, M. J. Pearce, Guenter Duckeck, F. Scharf, German Martinez, R. J. Hawkings, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, M. Foucher, A. D. Schaile, H. Przysiezniak, T. Behnke, J. Steuerer, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, Madjid Boutemeur, Junichi Kanzaki, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, G. Yekutieli, J. G. Layter, Marco Cuffiani, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, C. Charlesworth, Roger Jones, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, B. J. King, P. Utzat, Stefania Xella, M. G. Rison, P. M. Watkins, Otmar Biebel, D. L. Wagner, H. Deng, J. Letts, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, R. W. Springer, Georges Azuelos, E. Tsur, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, K. W. Bell, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, M. Hapke, B. C. Shen, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, D. E. Hutchcroft, W. G. Scott, M. J. Oreglia, J. R. Carter, Dezso Horvath, G. N. Patrick, M. J. Losty, Jean-Arcady Meyer, P. Poffenberger, P. Schütz, S. G. Clowes, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, C. Y. Chang, P. W. Jeffreys, P. Taras, Michael Kobel, P. Bright-Thomas, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, D. Lanske, Julie Kirk, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, C. Beeston, Claudio Grandi, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, P. Routenburg, and Gideon Bella
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Strangeness, Nuclear physics, Baryon, Fragmentation function, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Production rate
Abstract: The production of Δ++ baryons has been measured using 3.5 million hadronic Z0 decays collected with the OPAL detector at LEP. The production rate and fragmentation function are presented. A total of 0.22 ± 0.04 ± 0.04 Δ ++ + ( Δ ) −− per hadronic Z0 decay is observed. The fragmentation function is found to be softer than that predicted by the JETSET and HERWIG Monte Carlo event generators. With this measurement of Δ++ production, at least one baryon of each strangeness level in the lightest baryon decuplet has now been measured at LEP.
Published: 1995

23. Measurement of the multiplicity of charm quark pairs from gluons in hadronic Z0 Decays

Author: Sachio Komamiya, T. Hilse, John Allison, O. Runolfsson, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, D. R. Rust, Madjid Boutemeur, C. Beeston, Claudio Grandi, R. W. Springer, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, A. M. Lee, P. G. Estabrooks, R. G. Kellogg, Gregor Herten, P. W. Jeffreys, E. von Törne, C. M. Hawkes, Stefano Marcellini, Daniel Lellouch, S. Braibant, Takehiko Mori, Tara Shears, P. Bright-Thomas, B. Wilkens, P. M. Watkins, Georges Azuelos, J. Steuerer, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, C. Sbarra, D. Lanske, S. G. Clowes, M. Fierro, Reda Tafirout, U. C. Dunwoody, V. Zacek, P. A. Hart, Gideon Bella, R. Bartoldus, K. W. Bell, A. Joly, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, Eilam Gross, M. Fanti, J. E. Pilcher, M. J. Pearce, H. O. Ogren, M. W. Redmond, Misao Sasaki, Silvia Arcelli, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, G. Yekutieli, R. Mir, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, A. I. McNab, M. Hapke, T. Behnke, I. J. Bloodworth, W. R. Gibson, J. Goldberg, G. W. Wilson, M. Hauschild, G. A. Beck, P. Igo-Kemenes, D. E. Hutchcroft, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, A. A. Carter, J. Lauber, S. Söldner-Rembold, Richard Keeler, F. K. Loebinger, Achim Stahl, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, P. Teixeira-Dias, B. C. Shen, H. Jeremie, U. Müller, Marco Cuffiani, F. X. Gentit, B. J. King, P. Utzat, M. Settles, Yoram Rozen, M. J. Oreglia, C. Markus, R. E. Hughes-Jones, B. Nellen, P. Gagnon, A. Beck, M. G. Rison, S. L. Chu, M. Foucher, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, J. G. Layter, B. Schmitt, E. A. Mckigney, F. G. Oakham, W. P. Lai, R. Howard, R. Giacomelli, J. E.C. Edwards, R. D. Heuer, O. C. Cooke, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, W. G. Scott, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, J. P. Pansart, E. L. Barberio, N. J. Oldershaw, P. Routenburg, G. T. Zorn, Junichi Kanzaki, E. do Couto e Silva, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, R.J. Akers, C. Charlesworth, M. J. Losty, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Gilles Beaudoin, A. Skillman, C. K. Hargrove, Matthias Schröder, Fabrizio Fabbri, C. Dallapiccola, Shlomo Dado, S. B. Anderson, P. Szymanski, J. von Krogh, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, J. R. Carter, S. W. O'Neale, G. N. Patrick, I. Cohen, K. J. Anderson, F. S. Merritt, R. Van Kooten, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, Dave Charlton, J. M. Roney, O. Schaile, J. D. Gillies, R. J. Hawkings, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, C. Hartmann, Sven Menke, D. E. Plane, Otmar Biebel, Gunter Wolf, A. Buijs, C. Darling, Peter Sherwood, T. J. Smith, M. Starks, A. J. Martin, L. A. del Pozo, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, Stan Bentvelsen, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Alexander Wagner, T. J. McMahon, N. Altekamp, D. L. Wagner, G. M. Dallavalle, J. Bechtluft, J. A. McKenna, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, Giora Mikenberg, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, P. Mättig, J. Schwiening, R. J. Homer, R. K. Carnegie, G. G. Hanson, P. Poffenberger, Shoji Asai, H. Fukui, Margret Fincke-Keeler, R. J. Barlow, J. A. Wilson, R. Lahmann, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, F. Wäckerle, D. J. Miller, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, D. C. Imrie, Alan Watson, S. Wotton, D. M. Gingrich, G. Giacomelli, H. Deng, T. W. Pritchard, P. Schütz, Guenter Duckeck, G. P. Siroli, J. King, P. Schenk, P. Berlich, A. S. Turcot, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, C. Y. Chang, J. Letts, P. S. Wells, B. W. Kennedy, P. Taras, Norbert Wermes, Michael Kobel, P. Jovanovic, P. E.L. Clarke, M. K. Jones, Terry Richard Wyatt, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, J. P. Martin, Austin Ball, M. Tscheulin, John Hill, S. De Jong, Julie Kirk, H. Lafoux, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, Peter Krieger, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, H. Przysiezniak, Alessandro Montanari, A. M. Rossi, C. J. Oram, N. I. Geddes, N. L. Rodning, P. Weber, B. Poli, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, K. Stephens, S. A. Robins, V. Gibson, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, J. C. Clayton, Frank Fiedler, D. Hochman, R. Kowalewski, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, A. Malik, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Andris Skuja, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, K. Ametewee, P. Vincter, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, Robert M Brown, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, F. Palmonari, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, P. Fath, E. Lefebvre, N. K. Watson, F. Odorici, W. Mohr, A. Posthaus, D. L. Rees, F. Scharf, A. D. Schaile, W. Matthews, M. A. Thomson, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, T. Tsukamoto, and N. Tesch
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Electron–positron annihilation, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Jet (particle physics), Charm quark, Gluon, Nuclear physics, Pair production, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: We have measured the multiplicity of charm quark pairs arising from gluon splitting in a sample of about 3.5 million hadronic Z0 decays. By selecting a 3-jet event topology and tagging charmed hadrons in the lowest energy jet using leptons, we established a signature of heavy quark pair production from gluons. The average number of gluons splitting into a c c pair per hadronic event was measured to be n g→c c =(2.27±0.28±0.41) × 10 −2 .
Published: 1995

24. A measurement of the Λ0 lifetime

Author: P. Scharff-Hansen, P. Igo-Kemenes, Richard Keeler, S. L. Chu, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, A. M. Smith, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, P. Fath, J. P. Martin, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, Christopher Hawkes, E. Lefebvre, James Pilcher, T. Hilse, E. do Couto e Silva, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, R. Howard, F. Odorici, B. W. Kennedy, P. Jovanovic, John Wilson, Austin Ball, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, A. Luig, D. R. Rust, J. P. Pansart, J. Ludwig, M. Hapke, Peter Krieger, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, O. Runolfsson, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, J. R. Batley, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, G. W. Wilson, D. E. Hutchcroft, A. Joly, James Pinfold, G. Yekutieli, P. Weber, D. G. Fong, R. W. Springer, A. M. Lee, Sven Menke, M. Hauschild, Tara Shears, J. Gascon, Takashi Kobayashi, C. Beeston, A. Jawahery, J. Bechtluft, Ron Folman, J. A. McKenna, T. W. Pritchard, Roger Jones, E. von Törne, R. Mir, M. W. Redmond, C. Markus, P. E.L. Clarke, W. G. Scott, U. C. Dunwoody, Claudio Grandi, B. J. King, M. K. Jones, Guenter Duckeck, P. Utzat, P. A. Hart, A. Malik, J. W. Gary, J. Lauber, Shlomo Dado, C. Darling, Peter Sherwood, Terry Richard Wyatt, M. G. Rison, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, S. W. O'Neale, J. Steuerer, Eilam Gross, D. S. Koetke, M. F. Turner-Watson, R. Lahmann, Ch. Geich-Gimbel, M. Fanti, D. Axen, M. J. Pearce, M. Tscheulin, John Hill, M. Morii, D. C. Imrie, Georges Azuelos, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, P. W. Jeffreys, Alexander Wagner, R. Bartoldus, J. R. Carter, E. L. Barberio, G. N. Patrick, Andris Skuja, T. J. McMahon, S. De Jong, A. S. Turcot, C. Dallapiccola, Helfried Burckhart, J. Schwiening, Peter R Hobson, R. K. Carnegie, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, Otmar Biebel, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, D. L. Wagner, K. W. Bell, K. Runge, P. Bock, Giora Mikenberg, G. P. Siroli, A. I. McNab, J. D. Gillies, A. Buijs, P. Routenburg, Daniel Lellouch, F. G. Oakham, Gregor Herten, J. Goldberg, Misao Sasaki, J. King, G. D. Long, P. Poffenberger, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, B. Nellen, Tetsuro Mashimo, M. J. Losty, H. Deng, Takehiko Mori, N. Altekamp, Tatsuo Kawamoto, H. Fukui, B. C. Shen, S. Braibant, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, B. Wilkens, Harold Ogren, Matthias Schröder, P. Bright-Thomas, R. D. Heuer, Siegfried Bethke, H. Przysiezniak, Marco Cuffiani, Douglas Gingrich, V. Zacek, Fabrizio Fabbri, P. Gagnon, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, J. Letts, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, R. Van Kooten, A. Fürtjes, J. J. Ward, O. C. Cooke, P. Vikas, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, P. Schütz, Sherry Towers, I. J. Bloodworth, W. Gorn, P. S. Wells, D. Lanske, G. A. Snow, S. B. Anderson, Norbert Wermes, S. Söldner-Rembold, P. Szymanski, N. J. Oldershaw, W. Mohr, R. Giacomelli, Gunter Wolf, S. Orito, M. Settles, Yoram Rozen, C. Y. Chang, M. Foucher, J. G. Layter, Dave Charlton, M. Rosvick, A. A. Carter, R.J. Akers, F. Wäckerle, G. T. Zorn, J. von Krogh, Junichi Kanzaki, P. Taras, Stan Bentvelsen, D. Karlen, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, C. Burgard, P. Berlich, R. J. Hawkings, O. Schaile, C. Charlesworth, Michael Kobel, U. Müller, Kelby Anderson, G. Giacomelli, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, L. A. del Pozo, Gideon Bella, Julie Kirk, H. Lafoux, S. Wotton, M. Starks, Frank Merritt, A. J. Martin, S. G. Clowes, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, C. K. Hargrove, G. G. Hanson, John Allison, Xinchou Lou, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, T. Behnke, R. G. Kellogg, Stefano Marcellini, Peter Watkins, Fred Loebinger, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, Robert M Brown, R. Kowalewski, K. Ametewee, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Ehud Duchovni, J. C. Clayton, M. Jimack, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, W. Matthews, Mark Oreglia, M. A. Thomson, F. Palmonari, V. Gibson, S. W. Gensler, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, Christopher P. Ward, Frank Fiedler, D. Hochman, Hal Evans, T. Tsukamoto, N. Tesch, N. K. Watson, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, B. Schmitt, A. Posthaus, Margret Fincke-Keeler, D. L. Rees, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, F. Scharf, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, A. D. Schaile, Madjid Boutemeur, P. G. Estabrooks, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, S. A. Robins, Silvia Arcelli, C. J. Oram, N. I. Geddes, E. A. Mckigney, W. P. Lai, N. L. Rodning, B. Poli, J. M. Roney, A. M. Rossi, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, Gilles Beaudoin, A. Skillman, C. Hartmann, D. E. Plane, Stephen Hillier, G. M. Dallavalle, Alan Watson, and Reda Tafirout
Subjects: Baryon, Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Atomic physics
Abstract: The lifetime of the Λ b 0 baryon has been measured using 3.6 million hadronic Z 0 decays recorded by the OPAL detector at LEP from 1990 to 1994. A sample of Λ b 0 decays is obtained using partially reconstructed semileptonic decays involving Λ c + l − combinations, where the Λ c + is reconstructed from its decay to a pK − π + final state. From the 69 ± 13 Λ c + l − combinations attributed to Λ b 0 decays in this data sample, we measure τ ( Λ b 0 ) = 1.14 −0.19 +0.22 ± 0.07 ps, where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively.
Published: 1995

25. A measurement of charged particle multiplicity in Z0 → cc̄ and Z0 → bb̄ events

Author: Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, Margret Fincke-Keeler, C. Stegmann, F. S. Merritt, M. Fanti, P. Igo-Kemenes, H. Fukui, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, Xinchou Lou, W. Matthews, Reda Tafirout, J. A. McKenna, H. M. Fischer, E. do Couto e Silva, M. A. Thomson, M. W. Redmond, S. Braibant, A. Michelini, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, P. Routenburg, Gregor Herten, E. K. U. Gross, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, Silvia Arcelli, M. Sproston, Dave Charlton, B. Wilkens, D. E. Plane, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, M. J. Oreglia, R. Bartoldus, A. Yeaman, G. M. Dallavalle, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, S. A. Robins, E. Lefebvre, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, N. Tesch, S. Söldner-Rembold, T. P. Kokott, John Allison, A. Luig, R. W. Springer, P. S. Wells, Matthias Schröder, J. E. Pilcher, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, C. Y. Chang, Terry Richard Wyatt, Tohru Takeshita, N. K. Watson, R. Van Kooten, F. Odorici, Erez Etzion, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, N. J. Oldershaw, R. G. Kellogg, W. R. Gibson, R.J. Akers, R. Mir, Otmar Biebel, T. Hilse, Georges Azuelos, Stefan Kluth, F. X. Gentit, Barry King, D. L. Wagner, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, A. Beck, Shlomit Tarem, Shlomo Dado, Stefano Marcellini, T. G. Shears, E. Heflin, K. W. Bell, P. Taras, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, H. Deng, I. J. Bloodworth, O. Schaile, O. Runolfsson, P. Gagnon, W. Mohr, P. D. Phillips, C. J. Oram, J. C. Hill, Gilles Beaudoin, W. P. Lai, Michael Kobel, Misao Sasaki, D. M. Gingrich, A. Skillman, J. Lauber, V. Gibson, B. C. Shen, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, M. Starks, F. K. Loebinger, A. M. Rossi, R. P. Middleton, A. I. McNab, Giora Mikenberg, Ehud Duchovni, T. Tsukamoto, P. Berlich, R. Howard, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, J. Letts, Claude Leroy, J. Goldberg, W. G. Scott, H. Takeda, J. P. Pansart, P. A. Elcombe, Paolo Giacomelli, J. M. Roney, M. Settles, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, C. Beeston, T. Kawamoto, M. Hansroul, B. Nellen, R. Giacomelli, D. R. Rust, F. G. Oakham, Claudio Grandi, Julie Kirk, M. Jimack, H. Lafoux, P. Leblanc, Yoram Rozen, G. W. Wilson, G. T. Zorn, M. Hauschild, S. Orito, M. Yurko, M. Rosvick, N. I. Geddes, M. J. Losty, E. L. Barberio, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, H. Mes, Madjid Boutemeur, I. P. Duerdoth, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Markus, P. W. Jeffreys, M. Foucher, A. M. Lee, P. Fath, N. L. Rodning, R. J. Homer, H. G. Evans, F. Scharf, F. Palmonari, B. Poli, M. J. Goodrick, P. A. Hart, I. Cohen, A. D. Schaile, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, M. J. Pearce, S. W. Gensler, G. A. Beck, Gunter Wolf, P. Bright-Thomas, Junichi Kanzaki, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, S. J. Hillier, B. W. Kennedy, D. Karlen, P. M. Watkins, C. Burgard, P. Poffenberger, P. Jovanovic, J. J. Ward, Austin Ball, P. Vikas, B. Schmitt, S. Wotton, D. Hochman, Peter Krieger, Peter Fischer, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, U. Müller, P. Schütz, A. Posthaus, C. Dallapiccola, A. J. Martin, J. D. Gillies, R. J. Barlow, S. G. Clowes, D. J. Miller, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, C. Darling, C. K. Hargrove, O. Tousignant, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, C. M. Hawkes, Daniel Lellouch, T. Behnke, Takehiko Mori, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, V. Zacek, R. Kowalewski, Taizo Kobayashi, K. Ametewee, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Peter Sherwood, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, O. C. Cooke, P. Scharff-Hansen, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, J. G. Layter, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, T. W. Pritchard, C. Charlesworth, N. Capdevielle, Guenter Duckeck, J. von Krogh, A. M. Smith, Dave Robinson, A. S. Turcot, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, V. H. Winterer, L. A. del Pozo, James Pinfold, C. Sbarra, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, G. P. Siroli, J. King, P. Szymanski, Michael Dittmar, Christoph Schwick, G. Yekutieli, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, A. A. Carter, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, Andris Skuja, C. Jui, G. D. Long, Stan Bentvelsen, Tetsuro Mashimo, P. Utzat, W. Gorn, M. G. Rison, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, T. J. McMahon, G. G. Hanson, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, P. Weber, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, J. Steuerer, M. S. Dixit, J. C. Clayton, Frans Meijers, P. E.L. Clarke, U. C. Dunwoody, M. K. Jones, J. P. Martin, M. Tscheulin, S. De Jong, H. Przysiezniak, Marco Cuffiani, and S. L. Chu
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Quark, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Electron–positron annihilation, Multiplicity (mathematics), Bottom quark, Charged particle
Abstract: We have used data from the OPAL detector at LEP to reconstruct D∗ mesons and secondary vertices in jets. We have studied the hemispheres of the events opposite these jets and obtain values of the hemisphere charged particle multiplicity in Z0 → uu, dd, ss, Z0 → cc and Z0 → bb events of nuds = 10.41 ± 0.06 ± 0.09 ± 0.19; nc = 10.76 ± 0.20 ± 0.14 ± 0.19; nb = 11.81 ± 0.01 ± 0.12 ± 0.21 where the first errors are statistical, the second systmatic and the third a common scale uncertainty. We find the difference in total charged particle multiplicity between c and b quark events and light (u, d, s) quark events to be δcl = 0.69 ± 0.51 ± 0.35; δbl = 2.79 ± 0.12 ± 0.27. These results are compared to the predictions of various models and QCD based calculations.
Published: 1995

26. Comparisons of the properties of final state photons in hadronic Z0 decays with predictions from matrix element calculations

Author: D. R. Rust, A. M. Lee, N. K. Watson, R. Van Kooten, D. M. Gingrich, Madjid Boutemeur, P. Berlich, Matthias Schröder, R. F. Hughes-Jones, C. Y. Chang, E. Lefebvre, C. Dallapiccola, M. Fanti, Margret Fincke-Keeler, S. Braibant, R. Bartoldus, P. G. Estabrooks, C. M. Hawkes, Daniel Lellouch, P. Taras, F. Odorici, R. W. Springer, J. D. Gillies, P. Szymanski, P. Igo-Kemenes, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, Michael Kobel, Tohru Takeshita, H. Jeremie, Takehiko Mori, J. Steuerer, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, M. J. Oreglia, U. Maur, Georges Azuelos, Barry King, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, D. L. Rees, S. Söldner-Rembold, P. M. Watkins, V. Zacek, K. W. Bell, Julie Kirk, H. Lafoux, R. J. Barlow, C. Jui, D. J. Miller, Stephen Lloyd, Tara Shears, W. Mohr, Stan Bentvelsen, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, M. Tecchio, B. C. Shen, A. Posthaus, P. A. Hart, Siegfried Bethke, M. J. Pearce, E. do Couto e Silva, P. Poffenberger, D. E. Plane, T. Hilse, Silvia Arcelli, Ehud Duchovni, Shlomo Dado, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, W. G. Scott, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, O. Biebel, Peter Fischer, G. M. Dallavalle, M. Jimack, O. Runolfsson, H. Mes, F. X. Gentit, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, P. A. Elcombe, R. Lahmann, I. P. Duerdoth, G. A. Beck, D. C. Imrie, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, P. Schütz, C. Darling, B. W. Kennedy, F. Palmonari, P. Jovanovic, T. J. Smith, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, Alan Watson, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, P. Fath, M. J. Losty, Austin Ball, S. W. Gensler, Marco Cuffiani, C. Beeston, Peter Krieger, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, D. L. Wagner, Claudio Grandi, G. W. Wilson, U. Müller, W. P. Lai, G. P. Siroli, J. King, T. W. Pritchard, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, D. Hochman, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, M. Hauschild, S. L. Chu, Giora Mikenberg, H. Deng, B. Schmitt, F. Scharf, Christoph Schwick, I. J. Bloodworth, K. Stephens, C. Markus, Guenter Duckeck, J. M. Roney, O. C. Cooke, R. Mir, Reda Tafirout, F. S. Merritt, A. D. Schaile, O. Tousignant, M. Settles, J. Lauber, R. Kowalewski, J. Letts, A. S. Turcot, Yoram Rozen, C. K. Hargrove, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, W. Matthews, V. Gibson, S. W. O'Neale, M. Foucher, H. Takeda, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, K. J. Anderson, N. Capdevielle, J. von Krogh, M. A. Thomson, Paolo Giacomelli, F. G. Oakham, K. Ametewee, M. Hansroul, S. G. Clowes, V. H. Winterer, M. Fierro, J. E.G. Edwards, M. Yurko, W. R. Gibson, Junichi Kanzaki, E. L. Barberio, Gideon Alexander, E. K. U. Gross, Gregor Herten, Dave Robinson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, P. W. Jeffreys, S. Orito, P. Weber, J. A. McKenna, M. Rosvick, A. Gaidot, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Paolo Capiluppi, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, L. A. del Pozo, B. Wilkens, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, C. Sbarra, A. Beck, R. J. Homer, T. Behnke, J. C. Clayton, E. Heflin, Michael Dittmar, P. Bright-Thomas, R. M. Brown, G. Yekutieli, T. Tsukamoto, N. Tesch, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, P. Gagnon, J. E. Pilcher, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, Gilles Beaudoin, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, A. Skillman, Roger Jones, G. T. Zorn, N. J. Oldershaw, P. Utzat, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, M. G. Rison, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, T. J. McMahon, R.J. Akers, Peter Sherwood, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, J. A. Wilson, O. Schaile, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, M. Starks, G. G. Hanson, R. Giacomelli, A. J. Martin, J. Stamm, G. Giacomelli, John Allison, P. Schenk, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, R. G. Kellogg, Andris Skuja, Stefano Marcellini, G. D. Long, H. Fukui, Tetsuro Mashimo, M. S. Dixit, M. W. Redmond, Frans Meijers, W. Gorn, P. E.L. Clarke, U. C. Dunwoody, M. K. Jones, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, J. P. Martin, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, M. Tscheulin, James Pinfold, S. De Jong, Richard Keeler, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, H. Przysiezniak, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, J. G. Layter, C. Charlesworth, P. S. Wells, Terry Richard Wyatt, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, Xinchou Lou, Dave Charlton, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, N. I. Geddes, N. L. Rodning, B. Poli, A. I. McNab, A. M. Rossi, J. Goldberg, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, B. Nellen, S. A. Robins, P. Leblanc, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Gunter Wolf, S. Wotton, Erez Etzion, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, C. J. Oram, R. P. Middleton, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, A. Yeaman, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, and P. Routenburg
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Elementary particle, Jet (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Phase space, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Field theory (psychology), Quantum field theory, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The properties of hadronic Z0 decays with final state photons, measured with OPAL at LEP, have been compared with predictions from two different matrix element calculations ofO(ααs). Two calculations, GNJETS and EEPRAD, have been investigated which use different schemes to restrict the phase space around the poles of the cross section. Assuming the E0-JADE jet definition, both calculations describe the data well in large regions of phase space forycut values around 0.06. For very large and very small jet-photon masses some deviations from the predictions have been found, indicating the importance of higher order corrections. Significant differences between the calculations are only apparent in the predicted rate of 1-jet plus photon events. The rate is higher in GNJETS which reproduces the data better than EEPRAD.
Published: 1995

27. Measurement of $$\Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)/\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)$$ using a double tagging method

Author: H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, P. Igo-Kemenes, H. Jeremie, P. Scharff-Hansen, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, A. Höcker, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, R. Van Kooten, E. do Couto e Silva, D. Pitman, A. M. Smith, Shlomo Dado, Xinchou Lou, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, M. H. Lehto, G. Vasseur, H. Mes, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, Giora Mikenberg, B. Lorazo, I. P. Duerdoth, G. G. Hanson, A. I. McNab, J. Goldberg, Otmar Biebel, T. G. Shears, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, H. Deng, R. Humbert, D. M. Gingrich, F. Liu, R. Mir, J. von Krogh, Andris Skuja, H. Przysiezniak, P. Schenk, S. Braibant, C. M. Hawkes, D. A. Hinshaw, Daniel Lellouch, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, R. Bartoldus, D. L. Rees, S. G. Clowes, J. Lauber, M. Fierro, M. S. Dixit, Z. Li, Frans Meijers, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, H. G. Evans, Dave Robinson, Takehiko Mori, P. Berlich, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, H. O. Ogren, M. J. Goodrick, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, T. J. McMahon, M. Hauschild, I. Cohen, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, J. G. Layter, S. W. O'Neale, E. L. Barberio, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, K. J. Anderson, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, J. Schwiening, Peter R Hobson, R. Kowalewski, J. Hart, R. K. Carnegie, T. Behnke, C. Markus, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, C. Charlesworth, E. Lefebvre, C. Dallapiccola, J. D. Gillies, J. A. Wilson, W. Gorn, P. Routenburg, D. R. Rust, T. W. Pritchard, A. Skillman, P. A. Hart, P. Bright-Thomas, I. J. Bloodworth, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, Tohru Takeshita, F. Odorici, D. E. Plane, J. C. Clayton, G. Giacomelli, S. L. Chu, Gunter Wolf, F. X. Gentit, Guenter Duckeck, A. Buijs, Gideon Alexander, P. Bentkowski, T. Wlodek, Paolo Capiluppi, R. J. Barlow, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, C. Y. Chang, M. J. Pearce, D. J. Miller, G. M. Dallavalle, M. Sproston, J. J. Ward, M. A. Thomson, A. M. Lee, M. Settles, Yoram Rozen, M. Foucher, P. Gagnon, R.J. Akers, M. J. Oreglia, P. E.L. Clarke, U. C. Dunwoody, M. K. Jones, J. P. Martin, Georges Azuelos, Barry King, Paolo Giacomelli, T. Tsukamoto, H. Fukui, M. Hansroul, Michael Kobel, N. Tesch, S. Wotton, Silvia Arcelli, R. Ströhmer, P. A. Elcombe, O. Schaile, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, S. De Jong, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, C. Sbarra, V. H. Winterer, T. Hilse, G. T. Zorn, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, O. Runolfsson, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, B. W. Kennedy, A. Yeaman, P. D. Grannis, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, M. Fanti, J. Becker, Erez Etzion, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, Robert M Brown, Matthias Schröder, James Pinfold, A. J. Martin, P. Jovanovic, H. Lafoux, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. G. Fong, F. S. Merritt, Michael Dittmar, Austin Ball, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Beeston, Peter Krieger, Claudio Grandi, F. Scharf, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, P. Poffenberger, P. Szymanski, Peter Fischer, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, Sachio Komamiya, G. Yekutieli, B. C. Shen, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, A. D. Schaile, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, J. Steuerer, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, R. J. Homer, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Gregor Herten, P. Schütz, N. K. Watson, J. A. McKenna, Eilam Gross, R. P. Middleton, B. Wilkens, R. Howard, C. Darling, T. J. Smith, J. P. Pansart, T. P. Kokott, C. Jui, A. Luig, M. G. Rison, K. Stephens, Claude Leroy, A. Gaidot, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, J. E. Pilcher, Stan Bentvelsen, Ehud Duchovni, R. D. Heuer, J. R. McNutt, W. Mohr, Fabrizio Fabbri, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, D. Van den plas, Margret Fincke-Keeler, W. R. Gibson, A. Posthaus, B. Nijjhar, W. G. Scott, A. Astbury, J. M. Roney, M. Jimack, A. Beck, H. Ihssen, Marco Cuffiani, V. Gibson, E. Heflin, J. W. Gary, Lorne Levinson, U. Müller, P. D. Phillips, P. S. Wells, Gilles Beaudoin, Madjid Boutemeur, D. R. Ward, Terry Richard Wyatt, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, M. Coupland, C. K. Hargrove, D. Hochman, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, P. Pfister, P. M. Watkins, M. J. Losty, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, B. Schmitt, John Allison, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, J. Mildenberger, R. Lahmann, M. W. Redmond, D. C. Imrie, G. P. Siroli, J. King, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, Christoph Schwick, F. K. Loebinger, A. M. Rossi, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, S. A. Robins, R. Giacomelli, N. I. Geddes, B. Poli, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Weber, and Gideon Bella
Subjects: Physics, Systematic error, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Model prediction, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Elementary particle, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Bar (unit)
Abstract: The fraction of$Z^0 \to b\bar b$; events in hadronicZ0 decays has been measured using the data collected by OPAL in 1992 and 1993. The presence of electrons or muons from semileptonic decays of bottom hadrons and the detection of bottom hadron decay vertices were used together to obtain an event sample enriched in$Z^0 \to b\bar b$ decays. To reduce the systematic error on the measurement of the$Z^0 \to b\bar b$ fraction, the efficiency of the$b\bar b$ event tagging was obtained from the data by comparing the numbers of events having a bottom signature in either one or both thrust hemispheres. A value of $$\frac{{\Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)}}{{\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)}} = 0.2171 \pm 0.0021 \pm 0.0021$$ was obtained, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. The uncertainty on the decay width$\Gamma (Z^0 \to c\bar c)$ is not included in these errors. A fractional variation of this width by ±8% about its Standard Model prediction would result in a variation of the measured$Z^0 \to b\bar b$ fraction of ±0.0015.
Published: 1995

28. Measurement of the hadronic decay current in τ−→π− − + v τ

Author: Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, F. S. Merritt, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, T. J. Smith, P. Utzat, M. G. Rison, K. Stephens, A. I. McNab, P. Szymanski, J. A. McKenna, P. A. Elcombe, S. Braibant, R. Kowalewski, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, J. Goldberg, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, O. C. Cooke, G. W. Wilson, N. Capdevielle, J. von Krogh, Andris Skuja, Dave Robinson, M. Hauschild, L. A. del Pozo, C. Jui, Stan Bentvelsen, T. Hilse, R. Bartoldus, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, K. Ametewee, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Silvia Arcelli, C. Markus, Gideon Alexander, P. Igo-Kemenes, Gideon Bella, G. D. Long, P. E.L. Clarke, O. Runolfsson, R. Van Kooten, H. J. Burckhart, G. A. Snow, Jacqueline Batley, Paolo Capiluppi, H. Jeremie, N. J. Oldershaw, Matthias Schröder, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, R.J. Akers, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, Reda Tafirout, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, B. C. Shen, F. Scharf, C. Beeston, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, V. Gibson, Sachio Komamiya, E. Lefebvre, A. S. Turcot, Claudio Grandi, U. C. Dunwoody, M. K. Jones, J. P. Martin, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, S. Söldner-Rembold, Tetsuro Mashimo, M. J. Oreglia, E. do Couto e Silva, O. Tousignant, O. Schaile, P. Weber, N. I. Geddes, M. Tscheulin, Siegfried Bethke, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, M. Yurko, Xinchou Lou, A. D. Schaile, P. W. Jeffreys, R. Giacomelli, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, W. R. Gibson, W. G. Scott, N. L. Rodning, F. Odorici, F. X. Gentit, M. Starks, J. E. Conboy, S. De Jong, Paolo Giacomelli, I. Cohen, B. Poli, W. P. Lai, A. Fürtjes, V. H. Winterer, M. Hansroul, A. Beck, P. Bright-Thomas, G. Mikenberg, E. Heflin, S. W. O'Neale, D. M. Gingrich, Dave Charlton, D. R. Ward, R. M. Brown, J. M. Roney, Lorne Levinson, T. Kress, W. Gorn, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, K. J. Anderson, W. Matthews, Shlomo Dado, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. Bürgin, B. Fabbro, T. P. Kokott, Gilles Beaudoin, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, H. M. Fischer, J. R. Carter, A. Skillman, H. Przysiezniak, A. Luig, Madjid Boutemeur, Gregor Herten, M. A. Thomson, A. Michelini, R. J. Homer, P. Berlich, D. Axen, M. J. Losty, G. N. Patrick, J. C. Clayton, S. A. Robins, B. W. Kennedy, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, P. Jovanovic, B. Wilkens, E. K. U. Gross, A. Gaidot, D. R. Rust, A. Jawahery, P. S. Wells, Margret Fincke-Keeler, M. W. Redmond, P. O. Phillips, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Otmar Biebel, P. M. Watkins, J. E. Pilcher, S. G. Clowes, R. Lahmann, M. Fierro, Austin Ball, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, J. E.G. Edwards, C. Y. Chang, D. C. Imrie, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, D. E. Plane, H. Mes, James Pinfold, U. Müller, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Peter Sherwood, John Allison, Christoph Schwick, Peter Krieger, I. P. Duerdoth, G. M. Dallavalle, D. G. Fong, D. Hochman, T. W. Pritchard, A. J. Martin, Alexander Wagner, Terry Richard Wyatt, P. Taras, N. Tesch, P. Fath, J. Gascon, D. L. Wagner, Guenter Duckeck, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, N. K. Watson, Michael Kobel, A. M. Lee, K. Runge, P. Bock, R. G. Kellogg, Manuella Vincter, J. W. Gary, R. W. Springer, Stefano Marcellini, D. S. Koetke, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Alessandro Montanari, Tohru Takeshita, C. K. Hargrove, J. G. Layter, H. Deng, P. Scharff-Hansen, P. A. Hart, W. Mohr, Georges Azuelos, Julie Kirk, Y. Routenburg, H. Lafoux, M. J. Pearce, Barry King, C. Dallapiccola, A. Buijs, C. Charlesworth, M. Fanti, A. M. Smith, K. W. Bell, A. Posthaus, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, P. Teixeira-Dias, J. D. Gillies, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, H. Fukui, P. Poffenberger, T. Behnke, G. G. Hanson, A. Yeaman, B. Schmitt, G. Giacomelli, J. Letts, P. Schenk, R. J. Barlow, Peter Fischer, R. D. Heuer, D. J. Miller, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, P. Schütz, P. Gagnon, Fabrizio Fabbri, R. Mir, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, J. Lauber, G. T. Zorn, T. G. Schears, H. Takeda, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, F. G. Oakham, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, E. L. Barberio, Peter R Hobson, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, S. Orito, J. P. Pansart, M. Rosvick, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, F. Palmonari, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, C. Darling, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, Yoram Rozen, M. Foucher, Junichi Kanzaki, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, C. M. Hawkes, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, V. Zacek, J. Steuerer, Marco Cuffiani, S. L. Chu, Erez Etzion, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, C. J. Oram, R. P. Middleton, Gunter Wolf, S. Wotton, and C. Sbarra
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), media_common.quotation_subject, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Dalitz plot, Parity (physics), Elementary particle, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Amplitude, Neutrino, Engineering (miscellaneous), media_common
Abstract: The decay τ−→π−−+vτ has been studied using data collected with the OPAL detector at LEP during 1992 and 1993. The hadronic structure functions for this decay are measured model independently assuming G-parity invariance and neglecting scalar currents. Simultaneously the parity violating asymmetry parameter is determined to be$\gamma VA = 1.08 _{ - 0.41 - 0.25}^{ + 0.46 + 0.14} $, consistent with the Standard Model prediction of γVA=1 for left-handed tau neutrinos. Models of Kuhn and Santamaria and of Isgur et al. are used to fit distributions of the invariant 3π mass as well as 2π mass projections of the Dalitz plot. The model dependent mass and width of thea1 resonance are measured to be$m_{a_1 } = 1.266 \pm 0.014_{ - 0.002}^{ + 0.012} $ GeV and$\Gamma _{a_1 } = 0.610 \pm 0.049_{ - 0.019}^{ + 0.053} $ GeV for the Kuhn and Santamaria model and$m_{a_1 } = 1.202 \pm 0.009_{ - 0.001}^{ + 0.009} $ GeV and$\Gamma _{a_1 } = 0.422 \pm 0.023_{ - 0.004}^{ + 0.033} $ GeV for the Isgur et al. model. The model dependent values obtained for the parity violating asymmetry parameter are γVA=0.87±0.27−0.06+0.05 for the Kuhn and Santamaria model and γVA=1.10±0.31−0.14+0.13 for the Isgur et al. model. Within the Isgur et al. model the ratio of theS-andD-wave amplitudes is measured to beD/S=−0.09±0.03±0.01.
Published: 1995

29. Determination of event shape distributions and α s b from $$Z^0 \to b\bar b$$ events at LEP

Author: A. Yeaman, P. D. Grannis, T. J. Smith, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, Z. Li, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, P. Routenburg, Otmar Biebel, K. Stephens, B. C. Shen, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, J. R. McNutt, A. Astbury, H. Mes, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Siegfried Bethke, N. K. Watson, U. Müller, A. K. Honma, J. Mildenberger, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, I. P. Duerdoth, A. J. Martin, B. Nijjhar, W. G. Scott, J. M. Roney, Margret Fincke-Keeler, James Pinfold, C. Y. Chang, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, J. E. Duboseq, G. Mikenberg, T. J. McMahon, B. W. Kennedy, M. Yurko, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, P. Jovanovic, C. K. Hargrove, G. G. Hanson, F. Liu, G. Giacomelli, Gunter Wolf, F. X. Gentit, N. I. Geddes, M. W. Redmond, J. W. Gary, Michael Kobel, S. Braibant, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, Austin Ball, P. W. Jeffreys, T. Kobayashi, G. P. Siroli, J. King, P. Igo-Kemenes, T. Kawamoto, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Peter Krieger, P. Schenk, M. J. Losty, J. Schwiening, P. A. Hart, Christoph Schwick, H. Lafoux, P. Bright-Thomas, D. A. Hinshaw, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, R. K. Carnegie, M. J. Pearce, F. S. Merritt, E. Lefebvre, W. Mohr, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, H. Jeremie, S. Orito, D. R. Ward, P. Poffenberger, R. Giacomelli, M. Rosvick, A. Posthaus, J. A. Wilson, S. Wotton, B. Poli, M. S. Dixit, D. L. Rees, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, F. Odorici, R. Mir, P. S. Wells, S. W. O'Neale, Frans Meijers, Matthias Schröder, J. J. Ward, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Gregor Herten, M. A. Thomson, Marcello Mannelli, R. W.L. Jones, P. Pfister, D. R. Rust, J. C. Clayton, H. M. Fischer, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Andris Skuja, J. Lauber, A. Höcker, Tohru Takeshita, J. A. McKenna, A. Michelini, A. Skillman, V. Gibson, A. I. McNab, R. G. Kellogg, G. D. Long, B. Wilkens, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, J. Goldberg, C. Darling, D. S. Koetke, Georges Azuelos, J. G. Layter, K. J. Anderson, E. do Couto e Silva, Michael Schulz, M. J. Oreglia, E. K. U. Gross, Tetsuro Mashimo, Stefano Marcellini, J. Steuerer, H. Takeda, B. Nellen, Barry King, James Letts, S. A. Robins, Shlomo Dado, P. Leblanc, T. Wlodek, F. G. Oakham, M. Coupland, M. Sproston, E. L. Barberio, J. P. Pansart, T. Behnke, K. W. Bell, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, R. J. Barlow, C. Charlesworth, H. Przysiezniak, S. G. Clowes, J. Hart, C. Dallapiccola, J. C. Hill, G. N. Patrick, J. R. Carter, M. Fierro, P. Weber, H. G. Evans, N. Tesch, J. E. Pilcher, W. Gorn, J. D. Gillies, M. J. Goodrick, P. Mättig, I. Cohen, Peter Sherwood, Peter Fischer, Marco Cuffiani, J. von Krogh, T. Hilse, P. A. Elcombe, P. Schütz, Shoji Asai, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, P. E.L. Clarke, U. C. Dunwoody, M. K. Jones, O. Runolfsson, A. M. Lee, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, A. Gaidot, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, J. P. Martin, M. Sasaki, Erez Etzion, C. Stegmann, David Robinson, Stefan Kluth, J. Becker, S. L. Chu, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Rossi, C. Beeston, C. M. Hawkes, T. W. Pritchard, S. De Jong, Daniel Lellouch, Shlomit Tarem, H. Fukui, Claudio Grandi, F. Scharf, C. Sbarra, T. Tsukamoto, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, Madjid Boutemeur, Takehiko Mori, P. Gagnon, A. D. Schaile, R. Bartoldus, Michael Dittmar, R. P. Middleton, D. J. Miller, J. Allison, R. Ströhmer, G. Yekutieli, A. M. Smith, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, M. Hauschild, G. Vasseur, D. Hochman, B. Lorazo, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, G. T. Zorn, P. M. Watkins, C. Markus, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, R. J. Sobie, Silvia Arcelli, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, I. J. Bloodworth, R. Van Kooten, G. D. Lafferty, Paolo Giacomelli, D. Pitman, Guenter Duckeck, S. L. Lloyd, M. H. Lehto, J. E. Conboy, R.J. Akers, M. Settles, M. Hansroul, A. Fürtjes, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, T. G. Shears, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, D. M. Gingrich, P. Szymanski, R. J. Homer, C. Moisan, Gideon Bella, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, M. Tecchio, P. Berlich, H. J. Burckhart, M. Fanti, B. Schmitt, Jacqueline Batley, O. Schaile, C. Jui, Stan Bentvelsen, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, R. Kowalewski, Xinchou Lou, V. H. Winterer, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, Gideon Alexander, R. M. Brown, Paolo Capiluppi, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, Gilles Beaudoin, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, S. J. Hillier, G. M. Dallavalle, Yoram Rozen, M. Foucher, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, and M. G. Rison
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), High Energy Physics::Lattice, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Elementary particle, Jet (particle physics), Vertex (geometry), Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parton shower, Engineering (miscellaneous), Event (probability theory)
Abstract: In hadronic Z0 decays collected by the OPAL experiment at LEP, event shape variables such as jet rates, jet masses, thrust and the energy-energy correlation for $$Z^0 \to b\bar b$$ events are compared to those for all flavours using secondary vertex information to tag the b quarks. The measured distributions are found to be well described by anO"(α s ) calculation for heavy quarks as well as by parton shower simulations. We also determine the ratio of the strong coupling constant for b quarks and all quarks, α b /α incl , from these distributions. We find $$\alpha _s^b /\alpha _s^{incl} = 0.994 \pm 0.005_{ - 0.012}^{ + 0.010} ,$$ where the errors are the statistical and systematic errors. The result can be converted into the ratio for b quarks relative to the complementary flavours udsc α b /α udsc =0.992±0.007 -0.015 +0.013 .
Published: 1995

30. A test ofCP-invariance in Z0??+?? using optimal observables

Author: M. Yurko, R. Bartoldus, Madjid Boutemeur, A. Astbury, Gunter Wolf, F. X. Gentit, P. E.L. Clarke, U. C. Dunwoody, M. K. Jones, P. W. Jeffreys, C. Sbarra, U. Müller, J. P. Martin, M. Tscheulin, S. De Jong, H. Mes, H. O. Ogren, P. Szymanski, P. M. Matkins, C. M. Hawkes, R. Mir, N. K. Watson, Daniel Lellouch, I. P. Duerdoth, Michael Dittmar, J. G. Layter, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, C. Charlesworth, P. Igo-Kemenes, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, Takehiko Mori, R. Van Kooten, G. Yekutieli, P. Fath, C. Jui, Stan Bentvelsen, James Pinfold, H. M. Fischer, P. Bright-Thomas, Sachio Komamiya, H. Jeremie, J. Lauber, D. Pitman, W. Mohr, G. G. Hanson, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, V. Zacek, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, S. Wotton, F. Liu, D. G. Fong, G. Giacomelli, J. Gascon, P. Schenk, A. Posthaus, C. K. Hargrove, W. Matthews, Roger Jones, M. S. Dixit, Matthias Schröder, Frans Meijers, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, S. L. Chu, J. J. Ward, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, P. Vikas, A. Michelini, A. Höcker, H. Takeda, A. Skillman, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, E. K. U. Gross, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, F. G. Oakham, P. Utzat, M. A. Thomson, I. J. Bloodworth, T. G. Shears, P. Gagnon, E. do Couto e Silva, T. Wlodek, D. E. Plane, M. Sproston, T. Tsukamoto, T. W. Pritchard, S. Braibant, M. G. Rison, E. L. Barberio, M. Settles, A. I. McNab, M. W. Redmond, R. Bürgin, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, G. T. Zorn, N. Tesch, Yoram Rozen, J. W. Gary, D. S. Koetke, Guenter Duckeck, J. Goldberg, D. M. Gingrich, M. Foucher, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, P. A. Elcombe, A. S. Turcot, C. Dallapiccola, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, Ehud Duchovni, D. Axen, Junichi Kanzaki, D. Karlen, A. Jawahery, J. D. Gillies, E. Lefebvre, M. J. Oreglia, G. M. Dallavalle, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, C. Burgard, D. L. Rees, Silvia Arcelli, V. H. Winterer, F. S. Merritt, P. Berlich, M. Finke-Keeler, S. Söldner-Rembold, Peter Sherwood, F. Scharf, Alexander Wagner, M. Fanti, A. D. Schaile, F. Odorici, P. Scharff-Hansen, Paolo Giacomelli, H. G. Evans, M. Hansroul, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, N. Capdevielle, H. Przysiezniak, J. von Krogh, J. Steuerer, T. P. Kokott, K. Runge, P. Bock, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Xinchou Lou, C. Darling, S. G. Clowes, M. Fierro, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, G. W. Wilson, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Shlomo Dado, M. Hauschild, M. Jimack, P. Mättig, A. Luig, P. A. Hart, Shoji Asai, Dave Robinson, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, A. M. Smith, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Otmar Biebel, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, L. A. del Pozo, S. A. Robins, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Erez Etzion, W. P. Lai, Stefan Kluth, T. Behnke, M. J. Pearce, T. J. McMahon, T. Hilse, R. D. Heuer, Giora Mikenberg, J. Schwiening, C. Markus, Fabrizio Fabbri, Andris Skuja, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, J. A. McKenna, Shlomit Tarem, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, R. J. Homer, O. Runolfsson, R. K. Carnegie, W. R. Gibson, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, J. M. Roney, C. J. Oram, B. W. Kennedy, J. A. Wilson, D. R. Rust, P. Jovanovic, H. Deng, C. Beeston, Austin Ball, R. Giacomelli, Claudio Grandi, Peter Krieger, R. P. Middleton, A. Beck, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, W. Gorn, C. Stegmann, E. Heflin, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, Marco Cuffiani, A. M. Lee, R. M. Brown, H. Fukui, Lorne Levinson, Norbert Wermes, P. D. Phillips, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, Gilles Beaudoin, S. W. Gensler, John Allison, Reda Tafirout, P. Teixeira-Dias, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, S. J. Hillier, Gregor Herten, P. S. Wells, T. Kobayashi, B. Wilkens, Terry Richard Wyatt, R. G. Kellogg, J. P. Pansart, J. E. Pilcher, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, R.J. Akers, P. Poffenberger, Stefano Marcellini, O. Schaile, James Letts, B. Schmitt, Peter Fischer, M. Starks, A. J. Martin, P. Schütz, R. Kowalewski, A. Gaidot, K. Ametewee, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, A. Yeaman, A. M. Rossi, N. I. Geddes, O. Tousignant, N. L. Rodning, B. Poli, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, S. W. O'Neale, Z. Li, K. J. Anderson, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, C. Y. Chang, P. Routenburg, B. C. Shen, P. Taras, Michael Kobel, Siegfried Bethke, Julie Kirk, H. Lafoux, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, W. G. Scott, M. J. Losty, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, R. W. Springer, Tohru Takeshita, P. Weber, Georges Azuelos, Barry King, K. W. Bell, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, G. P. Siroli, J. King, V. Gibson, Christoph Schwick, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, J. C. Clayton, and D. Hochman
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Neutral current, Electron–positron annihilation, Observable, Expectation value, Moment (mathematics), Dipole, Quantum electrodynamics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Limit (mathematics), Spin (physics), Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Using 27 490 Z0→τ+τ− decays, accumulated in 1991, 1992 and 1993 with the OPAL detector at LEP, a direct test ofCP-invariance in the neutral current reactione+e−→τ+τ− is performed by measuringCP-odd observables which are proportional to the weak dipole moment of the τ-lepton. A new method based on optimalCP-odd observables constructed from the τ flight and spin directions is employed. More sensitive measurements of the real and, for the first time, the imaginary part of the weak dipole moment with highest possible signal to noise ratio are obtained. No evidence for a non-zero expectation value of the considered observables and hence forCP-violation is observed. An upper limit on the weak dipole moment of |Re(dτω)
Published: 1995

31. Observations of ?-B charge-flavor correlations and resonant B? and BK production

Author: F. X. Gentit, Andris Skuja, S. Wotton, G. D. Long, A. Astbury, D. E. Plane, Tetsuro Mashimo, C. M. Hawkes, Daniel Lellouch, U. Müller, Erez Etzion, A. I. McNab, Stefan Kluth, J. Goldberg, Shlomit Tarem, J. Steuerer, C. J. Oram, B. Nellen, R. P. Middleton, J. G. Layter, Dave Charlton, P. Leblanc, C. Dallapiccola, G. M. Dallavalle, N. Capdevielle, H. G. Evans, W. Matthews, J. von Krogh, Eilam Gross, P. Igo-Kemenes, Takehiko Mori, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Poffenberger, J. D. Gillies, B. C. Shen, C. Charlesworth, V. Zacek, R. Bürgin, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, W. Gorn, Peter Fischer, Madjid Boutemeur, G. Giacomelli, E. Lefebvre, F. S. Merritt, C. K. Hargrove, P. Schütz, H. Jeremie, A. Skillman, M. J. Oreglia, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, A. S. Turcot, Z. Li, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, P. E.L. Clarke, F. Odorici, P. Weber, U. C. Dunwoody, M. K. Jones, Gideon Bella, J. P. Martin, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, P. Scharff-Hansen, T. Wlodek, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, A. Gaidot, M. Sproston, D. R. Rust, P. S. Wells, Terry Richard Wyatt, C. Sbarra, G. W. Wilson, M. Hauschild, A. Höcker, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Marco Cuffiani, Peter R Hobson, V. H. Winterer, Siegfried Bethke, R. Kowalewski, K. Ametewee, Gideon Alexander, M. Tscheulin, R. Mir, Paolo Capiluppi, C. Markus, Michael Dittmar, E. do Couto e Silva, G. Yekutieli, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, R. J. Homer, Reda Tafirout, J. R. Carter, M. Sasaki, S. De Jong, J. C. Clayton, C. Darling, P. A. Hart, N. I. Geddes, Shlomo Dado, A. M. Smith, Xinchou Lou, G. N. Patrick, J. A. McKenna, J. Lauber, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, W. G. Scott, Otmar Biebel, A. M. Lee, A. A. Carter, P. Routenburg, Sachio Komamiya, S. L. Chu, M. J. Pearce, P. Mättig, T. Tsukamoto, N. Tesch, T. Behnke, Shoji Asai, G. Vasseur, C. Y. Chang, B. Lorazo, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, H. Takeda, Theodoros Geralis, P. Taras, Ehud Duchovni, N. L. Rodning, D. L. Wagner, H. M. Bock, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, I. J. Bloodworth, W. R. Gibson, B. Poli, Michael Kobel, F. G. Oakham, P. Utzat, M. Jimack, G. A. Beck, R. Howard, Achim Stahl, M. G. Rison, P. Teixeira-Dias, Giora Mikenberg, H. Deng, R. Bartoldus, P. A. Elcombe, M. Settles, M. J. Losty, James Pinfold, D. Axen, E. L. Barberio, Claude Leroy, Julie Kirk, H. Lafoux, S. W. Gensler, A. Beck, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, P. M. Watkins, H. O. Ogren, S. Braibant, H. Mes, Yoram Rozen, I. P. Duerdoth, E. Heflin, A. Jawahery, M. Foucher, D. G. Fong, Matthias Schröder, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, T. J. McMahon, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, Lorne Levinson, R. Van Kooten, B. Schmitt, P. Szymanski, J. Gascon, D. Pitman, P. D. Phillips, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, P. Fath, S. Söldner-Rembold, Norbert Wermes, Peter Sherwood, Sherry Towers, O. Tousignant, B. W. Kennedy, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, T. Kawamoto, Gilles Beaudoin, Junichi Kanzaki, R. W. Springer, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, Alexander Wagner, J. W. Gary, R. Lahmann, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, P. Jovanovic, M. W. Redmond, Austin Ball, Peter Krieger, Margret Fincke-Keeler, D. C. Imrie, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, J. A. Wilson, Gregor Herten, G. G. Hanson, D. S. Koetke, K. Runge, P. Bock, Tohru Takeshita, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, T. G. Shears, F. Scharf, F. Liu, P. Gagnon, J. E. Conboy, G. P. Siroli, J. King, A. Fürtjes, C. Jui, B. Wilkens, Georges Azuelos, Christoph Schwick, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, Stan Bentvelsen, A. D. Schaile, C. Stegmann, D. M. Gingrich, P. Schenk, Barry King, A. M. Rossi, Stephen Lloyd, John Allison, A. Yeaman, J. P. Pansart, H. M. Fischer, H. Fukui, M. S. Dixit, G. T. Zorn, Frans Meijers, M. Tecchio, Robert M Brown, K. W. Bell, N. K. Watson, A. Michelini, J. C. Hill, P. Berlich, Silvia Arcelli, J. E. Pilcher, M. Fanti, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, S. A. Robins, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, H. Przysiezniak, S. G. Clowes, R.J. Akers, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, W. Mohr, M. Fierro, A. Posthaus, R. G. Kellogg, O. Schaile, R. D. Heuer, T. W. Pritchard, Fabrizio Fabbri, M. Starks, A. J. Martin, Stefano Marcellini, T. Hilse, James Letts, Guenter Duckeck, O. Runolfsson, C. Beeston, W. P. Lai, Claudio Grandi, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, J. M. Roney, T. J. Smith, P. Bright-Thomas, K. Stephens, R. Giacomelli, J. J. Ward, P. Vikas, M. A. Thomson, V. Gibson, D. R. Ward, T. Kress, D. Hochman, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, and Gunter Wolf
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Elementary particle, Nuclear physics, Pion, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Invariant mass, B meson, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: Evidence is presented for kinematic and charge correlations of B mesons with charged pions and kaons. Using a new technique, a sample of over 80 000 partially reconstructed B mesons is obtained in 3.5·106 hadronic Z0 decays recorded using the OPAL detector at LEP. The invariant mass distributions of B+π− and B+K− combinations show enhancements consistent with the decays of P-wave resonances of a b antiquark and a light quark. We observe an excess of 1738±195 B+π− pairs with invariant masses in the range 5.60-5.85 GeV and an excess of 149±31 B+K− pairs with invariant masses in the range 5.80–6.00 GeV. Labeling the observed enhancements generically as B** we find $$\begin{gathered} \frac{{BR(Z^0 \to \bar b \to B^{**0} \to B^{(*) + } \pi ^ - )}}{{BR(Z^0 \to \bar b \to B^ + )}} = 0.18 \pm 0.04, \hfill \\ \frac{{BR(Z^0 \to \bar b \to B_s^{**0} \to B^{(*) + } K^ - )}}{{BR(Z^0 \to \bar b \to B^ + )}} = 0.026 \pm 0.008, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ where B(*)+ indicates the sum of B+ and B*+ and the errors include statistical and systematic contributions. From a study of π-B charge-flavor correlations we conclude that the production flavor of a B meson can be tagged with the charge of a pion in an appropriately chosen kinematic region, and that the performance of this flavor tag compares favorably in the$Z^0 \to q\bar q$ environment with lepton-based tags.
Published: 1995

32. Inversion-recovery single-shot cardiac MRI for the assessment of myocardial infarction at 1.5 T with a dedicated cardiac coil

Author: A. Beer, Ernst J. Rummeny, M Settles, Moritz Wildgruber, Ken Herrmann, and A M Huber
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Myocardial Infarction, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Diagnostic accuracy, Delayed enhancement, Inversion recovery, Body weight, Sensitivity and Specificity, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Myocardial infarction, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Full Paper, business.industry, Single shot, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Equipment Design, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Image Enhancement, Equipment Failure Analysis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Electromagnetic coil, Ventricle, cardiovascular system, Female, Radiology, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of imaging myocardial infarction with a two-dimensional (2D) single-shot inversion-recovery (IR)-gradient-echo (GE) sequence compared with a standard 2D segmented IR-GE sequence at 1.5 T using a dedicated cardiac coil.22 patients with myocardial infarction documented in the past 3-12 months were examined at 1.5 T using a 5 channel cardiac coil. Imaging of delayed enhancement was performed 15 min after administration of 0.2 mmol of gadopentetate dimeglumine per kilogram of body weight. Immediately after completion of the single-shot sequence, which allows for coverage of the entire ventricle during a single breath-hold with nine slices, the segmented IR sequence was started. Infarct volumes, infarct transmurality and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of infarcted and healthy myocardium were compared between both techniques.Despite a moderate, non-significant loss of CNR (CNR(single-shot IR)=31.2±4.1; CNR(segmented IR)=37.9±4.1; p=0.405), the 2D single-shot technique correctly determined infarct size when compared with the standard 2D segmented IR-GE sequence. Assessment of both infarct volume (r=0.95; p0.0001) and transmurality (r=0.97; p0.0001) is possible, with excellent correlation of both techniques.Single-shot delayed enhancement imaging during a single breath-hold is feasible at 1.5 T with the use of a dedicated cardiac coil. Despite a moderately lower CNR, the single-shot technique allows for fast and accurate determination of infarct size with high spatial resolution and has the potential to reduce electrocardiogram and breathing artefacts.
Published: 2012

33. Beurteilung der linksventrikulären Funktionsparameter mit Cine-MRT und 3D kt-BLAST

Author: J Jaroni, K Herrmann, M Settles, AJ Beer, E Rummeny, and AM Huber
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Abstract: Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Genauigkeit des Bildgebungsverfahren (3D) k-t space broad-use linear acquisition speed-up technique (BLAST) im Bezug auf die Bestimmung der globalen Herzfunktion mit der segmentierten (2D) Steady-State-free-Precession - (SSFP) Sequenz (Referenztechnik) zu vergleichen. Bei jedem Patienten wurde eine segmentierte SSFP- Sequenz mit mehreren Atemanhaltephasen verwendet (eine Schicht pro Atemanhalt). Desweiteren wurden nach einem Trainingscan zwei kt-BLAST 3D-Sequenzen wahrend einer Atemanhaltephase akquiriert: kT1 (26 Schichten pro Atemanhalt) und kT2 (13 Schichten pro Atemanhalt). Folgende linksventrikulare Parameter wurden bestimmt: EF, EDV, ESV und linksventrikulare MM. 3D kt-BLAST erlaubt es, LV Funktionsparameter mit hoher Korrelation zu der Referenztechnik zu bestimmen. Die EF wurde leicht unterschatzt, die LV Masse leicht uberschatzt.
Published: 2012

34. Magnetisches Targeting von onkolytischem Vesikulärem Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in einem hepatozellulärem Karzinom (HCC) Modell der Ratte

Author: Isabella Almstätter, Rickmer Braren, Y Kosanke, M Settles, Ernst J. Rummeny, Christian Plank, Oliver Ebert, Olga Mykhaylyk, and Jennifer Altomonte
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Published: 2012

35. The Perfect Lion: The Life and Death of Confederate Artillerist John Pelham

Author: Thomas M. Settles
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2012

36. Getting by with a Little Help from My Friends: Does Political Affinity Lead to Lower M&A Premiums?

Author: Olivier Bertrand, Marie-Ann Betschinger, and Alexander M. Settles
Published: 2012

37. Updated measurement of the τ lifetime

Author: R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, E. Lefebvre, S. L. Chu, T. G. Shears, F. Odorici, F. Liu, Margret Fincke-Keeler, D. M. Gingrich, G. Giacomelli, B. C. Shen, P. Schenk, P. Berlich, Siegfried Bethke, T. Hilse, A. K. Honma, B. Nijjhar, W. G. Scott, H. M. Fischer, M. S. Dixit, O. Runolfsson, J. Mildenberger, Gideon Bella, Frans Meijers, H. J. Burckhart, Gordon H. Hanson, Jacqueline Batley, C. M. Hawkes, Daniel Lellouch, A. Michelini, C. Beeston, M. Fanti, James Pinfold, Claudio Grandi, R. D. Heuer, M. J. Losty, Fabrizio Fabbri, P. Pfister, D. Van den plas, D. R. Rust, Takehiko Mori, P. Igo-Kemenes, F. S. Merritt, M. Yurko, D. G. Fong, M. W. Redmond, A. M. Lee, G. Beaudoin, J. Gascon, W. R. Gibson, H. Jeremie, H. von der Schmitt, P. W. Jeffreys, S. W. O'Neale, P. E.L. Clarke, U. C. Dunwoody, M. K. Jones, Xinchou Lou, S. A. Robins, H. Mes, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, J. Steuerer, R.J. Akers, I. P. Duerdoth, A. Beck, E. Heflin, K. J. Anderson, J. P. Martin, J. W. Gary, M. J. Oreglia, Matthias Schröder, R. M. Brown, A. Höcker, Lorne Levinson, R. Lahmann, Silvia Arcelli, P. D. Phillips, J. A. McKenna, Tohru Takeshita, D. C. Imrie, P. Bright-Thomas, B. Stockhausen, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, S. De Jong, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Shlomo Dado, Sachio Komamiya, P. Poffenberger, E. do Couto e Silva, Georges Azuelos, Barry King, Peter Fischer, J. J. Ward, P. Scharff-Hansen, E. Barberio, Theodoros Geralis, D. A. Hinshaw, D. E. Plane, O. Schaile, K. W. Bell, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, Erez Etzion, G. P. Siroli, J. King, P. Schütz, M. A. Thomson, J. C. Hill, I. J. Bloodworth, P. Bentkowski, R. Bartoldus, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Marco Cuffiani, A. M. Smith, Christoph Schwick, G. M. Dallavalle, Achim Stahl, J. R. Carter, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Misao Sasaki, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, G. N. Patrick, P. Teixeira-Dias, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, M. Settles, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Otmar Biebel, R. Giacomelli, T. Behnke, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, Andris Skuja, Yoram Rozen, J. G. Layter, M. Foucher, Stephen Lloyd, G. D. Long, C. Y. Chang, B. Schmitt, H. Deng, R. Humbert, M. Tecchio, Tetsuro Mashimo, R. P. Middleton, C. Charlesworth, A. I. McNab, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, G. W. Wilson, A. Fürtjes, Michael Kobel, J. Goldberg, P. Weber, Gregor Herten, A. M. Rossi, H. Przysiezniak, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Giora Mikenberg, D. Karlen, B. Nellen, W. Gorn, S. G. Clowes, C. Burgard, D. Hochman, P. A. Hart, B. Wilkens, P. Leblanc, T. Tsukamoto, Ehud Duchovni, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, M. Fierro, H. Lafoux, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, Peter Sherwood, M. Jimack, Z. Li, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, T. Kawamoto, A. Buijs, J. R. McNutt, M. J. Pearce, D. M. Strom, H. Ihssen, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, H. G. Evans, J. Ludwig, J. E. Pilcher, C. Dallapiccolla, S. W. Gensler, M. J. Goodrick, K. Runge, P. Bock, I. Cohen, John Allison, C. Darling, S. Orito, M. F. Turner-Watson, M. Morii, M. Rosvick, S. J. Hillier, R. J. Homer, T. Kobayashi, Randall Sobie, Peter R Hobson, S. Braibant, Gunter Wolf, M. Hauschild, P. Gagnon, C. Stegmann, N. I. Geddes, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, P. Routenburg, V. Gibson, R. Ströhmer, C. Markus, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, G. T. Zorn, A. Astbury, U. Müller, S. Wotton, B. Poli, H. M. Bosch, R. Kowalewski, A. J. Martin, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, H. Fukui, A. Yeaman, P. D. Grannis, Gideon Alexander, J. M. Roney, R. G. Kellogg, Paolo Capiluppi, D. R. Ward, G. A. Snow, C. K. Hargrove, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, D. S. Koetke, J. C. Clayton, Stefano Marcellini, T. W. Pritchard, James Letts, Madjid Boutemeur, P. S. Wells, Guenter Duckeck, Terry Richard Wyatt, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, M. Coupland, P. M. Watkins, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, V. H. Winterer, P. Szymanski, C. Jui, Stan Bentvelsen, C. Sbarra, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, M. G. Rison, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, J. von Krogh, J. Hart, Dave Robinson, J. D. Gillies, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, D. Rigby, R. J. Hemingway, B. W. Kennedy, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, Peter Krieger, N. K. Watson, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, R. Mir, J. Lauber, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, W. Mohr, A. Posthaus, P. A. Elcombe, J. Becker, F. Scharf, A. D. Schaile, A. Skillman, E. K. U. Gross, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, and N. Tesch
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Charged particle, Lepton
Abstract: We present an update of our measurement of the τ lepton lifetime, using data taken during 1992 and 1993 with the OPAL detector at LEP. The lifetime is determined from analyses of the impact parameters of tracks from τ decays to a single charged particle, and the reconstructed decay lenghts from the τ decays to three charged particles. With the added statistics (which increase the τ pair event sample size by more than a factor of four over our 1990 and 1991 data sample), the updated lifetime measurement is: ττ = 288.8 ± 2.2 (stat) ± 1.4 (sys) fs. When combined with world-average measurements of the tau leptonic branching fractions (assuming e-μ universality), the ratio of charged-current couplings is: ( g τ g μ ) = 1.005 ± 0.007 , in agreement with the hypothesis of τ-μ charged-current universality.
Published: 1994

38. Measurement of $$\Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)/\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)$$ using impact parameters and leptons

Author: R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, J. C. Clayton, B. C. Shen, G. P. Siroli, J. King, A. K. Honma, Christoph Schwick, W. G. Scott, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, M. Jones, Jacqueline Batley, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, Margret Fincke-Keeler, D. L. Rees, M. J. Losty, Otmar Biebel, P. Igo-Kemenes, C. Jui, J. Hart, C. Sbarra, S. Barnett, Claude Leroy, A. Astbury, J. P. Pansart, J. D. Gillies, P. Pfister, R. Bartoldus, H. Jeremie, U. Müller, James Pinfold, G. E. Richards, D. Pitman, A. J. Martin, F. C. Grant, M. H. Lehto, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, R. J. Barlow, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, D. Hochman, D. G. Fong, H. O. Ogren, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, D. J. Miller, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, G. Beaudoin, C. K. Hargrove, N. I. Geddes, Matthias Schröder, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, J. Steuerer, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, T. G. Shears, B. Boden, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, R.J. Akers, J. Lauber, E. do Couto e Silva, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, H. Takeda, D. M. Gingrich, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, A. A. Carter, Roger Jones, R. Van Kooten, M. G. Rison, T. J. McMahon, B. Poli, F. G. Oakham, G. M. Dallavalle, M. Hansroul, Madjid Boutemeur, E. Lefebvre, J. W. Gary, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Shlomo Dado, Tohru Takeshita, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, F. X. Gentit, B. Fabbro, O. Schaile, P. Berlich, J. A. Wilson, F. Odorici, J. E. Conboy, B. Panzer-Steindel, R. Kowalewski, R. Yaari, D. J.P. Dumas, R. J. Hemingway, Georges Azuelos, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, P. M. Watkins, V. Gibson, S. Bethke, P. Scharff-Hansen, G. Quast, J. M. Lorah, W. Schappert, P. Kroll, Marco Cuffiani, John Baines, X. C. Lou, Silvia Arcelli, W. R. Gibson, A. M. Rossi, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, P. Jovanovic, T. Tsukamoto, W. Mohr, J. F. Kral, Austin Ball, H. M. Fischer, M. A. Whallev, K. W. Bell, Max Weber, D. Menszner, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, S. L. Chu, A. Beck, J. C. Hill, A. Michelini, H. Mes, Norbert Wermes, J. von Krogh, I. P. Duerdoth, A. C. Janissen, J. M. Roney, E. Heflin, Sherry Towers, P. S. Wells, Misao Sasaki, R. J. Homer, M. Hauschild, Alessandro Montanari, R. M. Brown, T. Kawamoto, A. M. Smith, P. M. Hattersley, J. Banks, Lorne Levinson, G. Vasseur, Dave Robinson, Gideon Alexander, P. A. Elcombe, Giora Mikenberg, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, Terry Richard Wyatt, B. Lorazo, D. R. Ward, L. A. del Pozo, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, B. W. Kennedy, T. W. Pritchard, E. Torrente-Lujan, G. Transtromer, Paolo Capiluppi, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, John Hobbs, C. Moisan, R. D. Heuer, M. Coupland, Andris Skuja, G. A. Beck, Fabrizio Fabbri, Achim Stahl, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, J. Becker, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. Van den plas, P. Weber, F. S. Merritt, F. Scharf, Tetsuro Mashimo, G. J. VanDalen, R. Mir, Gregor Herten, D. R. Rust, C. Wahl, B. Schmitt, B. Wilkens, A. Skillman, A. M. Lee, J. E. Pilcher, W. Gorn, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, G. Giacomelli, J. A. McKenna, M. J. Oreglia, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, A. D. Schaile, V. H. Winterer, P. Schenk, J. R. Carter, P. F. Harrison, G. N. Patrick, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, M. S. Dixit, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, Frans Meijers, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, P. E.L. Clarke, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, M. Yurko, S. A. Robins, J. P. Martin, P. W. Jeffreys, S. De Jong, P. Bright-Thomas, S. W. O'Neale, M. A. Thomson, K. J. Anderson, J. G. Layter, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, P. Poffenberger, C. Beeston, Claudio Grandi, D. A. Hinshaw, T. Behnke, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Peter Sherwood, I. J. Bloodworth, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, G. T. Zorn, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, A. Yeaman, M. Settles, M. Foucher, N. K. Watson, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Erez Etzion, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, R. P. Middleton, J. Goldberg, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, M. Morii, T. J. Smith, Peter R Hobson, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, P. Routenburg, Gunter Wolf, P. Mättig, Sachio Komamiya, N. J. Tesilian, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, S. Wotton, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Gordon H. Hanson, M. W. Redmond, John Allison, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, and James Letts
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Elementary particle, Bottom quark, Charm quark, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Impact parameter, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Bar (unit)
Abstract: A measurement of$\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} \equiv \Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)/\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)$ is presented using a “mixed tag” method involving the identification of$Z^0 \to b\bar b$ events by two different techniques. The first uses the large impact parameter of tracks emerging from the decay ofb-flavoured hadrons and the second their semi-leptonic decay. The identification efficiencies are measured from the data using all possible combinations of the two tags in opposite hemispheres. The method is therefore insensitive to Monte Carlo modelling of bottom quark production and ofb-flavoured hadron production and decay properties, and depends only weakly on the simulation of the detector. The data sample collected by OPAL at LEP in 1990 and 1991 is considered. The result is: $$\frac{{\Gamma _{b\bar b} }}{{\Gamma _{had} }} = 0.218 \pm 0.006(stat) \pm 0.007(syst) \pm 0.007(\Gamma _{c\bar c} /\Gamma _{had} ),$$ where the systematic uncertainty due to the charm quark partial width has been separated from the other systematic uncertainties. Combination with previous OPAL measurements gives: $$\frac{{\Gamma _{b\bar b} }}{{\Gamma _{had} }} = 0.220 \pm 0.004(stat) \pm 0.006(syst) \pm 0.006(\Gamma _{c\bar c} /\Gamma _{had} ),$$
Published: 1994

39. Measurement of the time dependence of ↔ mixing using leptons and D∗± mesons

Author: Raimund Ströhmer, Madjid Boutemeur, Daniel Lellouch, P. Schütz, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, Takehiko Mori, M. Hauschild, S. A. Wotton, D. C. Imrie, B. Nijjhar, M. J. Pearce, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, T. Hilse, C. Markus, M. Sasaki, P. Paschievici, P. M. Watkins, J. C. Clayton, Margret Fincke-Keeler, U. Morii, T. P. Kokott, R. Bartoldus, J. W. Gary, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, C. Y. Chang, Carla Sbarra, A. Luig, S. L. Lloyd, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, M. Tecchio, F. S. Merritt, G. P. Siroli, J. King, P R Poffenberger, Claudio Grandi, Christoph Schwick, J. A. McKenna, Matthias Schröder, S. L. Chu, Gideon Bella, I. J. Bloodworth, James Pinfold, Michael Schulz, G. Duckeck, U. C. Dunwoody, Doug Gingrich, P.G. Bright-Thomas, A. H. Ball, Silvia Arcelli, A. Stahl, H. Lafoux, H. Mes, D. A. Hinshaw, J.A. Lauber, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, Z. Li, R.J. Akers, S. J. De Jong, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, D. G. Fong, T. W. Pritchard, M. Settles, J. von Krogh, P. Igo-Kemenes, M. F. Turner-Watson, A. P. Wagner, M. Coupland, Peter R Hobson, M. Foucher, P. Pfister, H. Jeremie, J. Schwiening, P.A. Hart, J. Gascon, J.P. Martin, T. R. Wyatt, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, A. Astbury, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, H. Przysiezniak, D. Hochman, H. von der Schmitt, R. J. Barlow, R. Kowalewski, U. Müller, V. Gibson, A. D. Schaile, E. do Couto e Silva, S. G. Clowes, G. W. Wilson, A. J. Martin, Erez Etzion, F. K. Loebinger, David Robinson, Stefan Kluth, M. Fierro, V. H. Winterer, S. W. O'Neale, Shlomit Tarem, J. Steuerer, H. Fukui, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, G. G. Hanson, P. Gagnon, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, S. Rossberg, A. Yeaman, T. Kobayashi, G. D. Lafferty, Shlomo Dado, C. J. Oram, P. D. Grannis, A. M. Lee, J. Allison, G. Giacomelli, Carsten Daniel Burgard, R. W. L. Jones, J. M. Roney, R. P. Middleton, Robert Lahmann, Gregor Herten, C. K. Hargrove, B. Poli, T. J. McMahon, A. I. McNab, M. W. Redmond, John Hart, P. Schenk, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, K. J. Anderson, J. Goldberg, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, T. Behnke, B. Nellen, G. T. Zorn, C. Darling, P. Kyberd, R. Yaari, Peter Sherwood, C. Jui, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, R. Giacomelli, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, C. Moisan, Norbert Wermes, X. C. Lou, P. Leblanc, R. K. Carnegie, Gideon Alexander, H. M. Bosch, Marco Cuffiani, G. A. Beck, M. J. Kobel, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Paolo Capiluppi, J. J. Ward, M. A. Thomson, Pedro Teixeira-Dias, J. E. Pilcher, P. Mättig, H. G. Evans, Shoji Asai, N. K. Watson, P. M. Hattersley, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, J. G. Layter, J. A. Wilson, D. R. Ward, P. Scharff-Hansen, C. Charlesworth, P. E. L. Clarke, W. Mohr, M. Jimack, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, A. M. Rossi, A. Posthaus, T. Tsukamoto, Ehud Duchovni, A. M. Smith, H. M. Fischer, B. Schmitt, R. W. Springer, A. Michelini, Michael Dittmar, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, R. G. Kellogg, H-C. Schultz-Coulon, G. Vasseur, H. Ihssen, G. Yekutieli, B. Lorazo, D. S. Koetke, K. Runge, P. Bock, Stefano Marcellini, Andris Skuja, A. Skillman, S. A. Robins, J. K. Becker, G. A. Snow, S. W. Gensler, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, James Letts, S. J. Hillier, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, M. G. Rison, J. R. Carter, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, J. Mildenberger, M. Sproston, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, W. Gorn, N. I. Geddes, P. S. Wells, M. Jones, A. T. Watson, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, P. A. Elcombe, R. J. Sobie, F. Scharf, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, Georges Azuelos, J. P. Pansart, C. M. Hawkes, K. W. Bell, J. C. Hill, B. C. Shen, Siegfried Bethke, W. G. Scott, P. Weber, Otmar Biebel, M. J. Losty, D. G. Charlton, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, E. Lefebvre, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, R. Van Kooten, F. Odorici, D. Pitman, M. J. Oreglia, M. H. Lehto, G. N. Patrick, C.J. Beeston, T. G. Shears, I. P. Duerdoth, Gy. Wolf, P. Berlich, D. Karlen, M. Fanti, O. Schaile, D. E. Plane, Fabrizio Fabbri, P. Bentkowski, D. Van den plas, G. M. Dallavalle, O. Runolfsson, D. R. Rust, Eduardo Ros, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, P. D. Phillips, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, R. J. Hemingway, D.L. Wagner, P. Jovanovic, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, C. Dallapiccola, G. Mikenberg, J. D. Gillies, A. K. Honma, D. J. Miller, R. Mir, H. Takeda, R. D. Heuer, and F. G. Oakham
Subjects: Systematic error, Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Oscillation, Electron–positron annihilation, Measure (mathematics), Mixing (physics), Lepton
Abstract: Data collected with the OPAL detector at LEP during 1990–1993 are used to measure the time dependence of B d 0 ↔ B d 0 mixing. From a sample of 153 ± 12 events with a charged D∗ and a lepton in the opposite hemisphere, we measure the B d 0 ↔ B d 0 oscillation frequency to be Δmd = 0.57±0.11(stat.)±0.02(syst.) ps−1. This corresponds to an oscillation parameter of xd = ΔmdτBd0 = 0.82±0.16(stat.) ± 0.03(syst.) ± 0.09(syst. τB0d), where the second systematic uncertainty is due to the error in the measured Bd0 lifetime.
Published: 1994

40. A study of mean sub-jet multiplicities in two- and three-jet hadronicZ 0 decays

Author: U. Müller, A. J. Martin, B. C. Shen, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, J. W. Gary, P. E.L. Clarke, M. K. Jones, P. Scharff-Hansen, C. K. Hargrove, Gideon Bella, T. J. McMahon, J. P. Martin, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, S. De Jong, M. J. Losty, Shlomo Dado, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, H. M. Fischer, M. Yurko, J. A. Wilson, Sachio Komamiya, A. Michelini, P. W. Jeffreys, T. Kobayashi, H. Mes, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, I. P. Duerdoth, A. M. Smith, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, Matthias Schröder, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Xinchou Lou, I. J. Bloodworth, P. Bright-Thomas, S. A. Robins, R. Bartoldus, P. A. Hart, H. Deng, T. P. Kokott, G. Mikenberg, C. Sbarra, R. Humbert, A. Luig, Madjid Boutemeur, M. J. Pearce, C. Moisan, J. Steuerer, G. A. Beck, James Pinfold, R. Kowalewski, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Michael Dittmar, J. G. Layter, J. J. Ward, M. A. Thomson, R. J. Hemingway, G. Yekutieli, Achim Stahl, J. R. Carter, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, C. Charlesworth, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, J. Goldberg, P. G. Estabrooks, M. Settles, R. K. Keeler, P. Igo-Kemenes, T. Kawamoto, P. Jovanovic, B. Nellen, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, R. W.L. Jones, B. Schmitt, Georges Azuelos, Gideon Alexander, T. Behnke, Andris Skuja, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Austin Ball, J. Kroll, Michael Schulz, Z. Li, Paolo Capiluppi, E. Lefebvre, S. L. Lloyd, H. Jeremie, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, D. L. Rees, M. G. Rison, P. Leblanc, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, F. X. Gentit, G. D. Long, P. Schütz, Margret Fincke-Keeler, Tetsuro Mashimo, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, R. Mir, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, K. W. Bell, R. Yaari, Marco Cuffiani, F. Odorici, G. G. Hanson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, T. Hilse, V. Gibson, M. Sasaki, J. C. Hill, T. W. Pritchard, B. Boden, J. Allison, R. Ströhmer, B. Poli, M. J. Oreglia, G. Giacomelli, P. Routenburg, W. Gorn, P. F. Harrison, E. do Couto e Silva, M. Tecchio, F. S. Merritt, J. A. McKenna, D. E. Plane, P. Pfister, J. Hart, C. Dallapiccola, M. Foucher, Guenter Duckeck, S. L. Chu, R. G. Kellogg, A. D. Schaile, P. Schenk, J. D. Gillies, Silvia Arcelli, O. Runolfsson, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, S. Barnett, D. S. Koetke, G. T. Zorn, Stefano Marcellini, H. G. Evans, M. S. Dixit, J. von Krogh, Frans Meijers, G. W. Wilson, M. J. Goodrick, D. Karlen, Ehud Duchovni, G. N. Patrick, Michael Kobel, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, H. M. Bosch, P. Bentkowski, D. J. Miller, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, I. Cohen, M. Jimack, James Letts, C. Burgard, H. Ihssen, C. Beeston, S. W. Gensler, D. Hochman, S. J. Hillier, H. Lafoux, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, C. M. Hawkes, Claudio Grandi, M. Cooper, C. Jui, Daniel Lellouch, D. Axen, G. M. Dallavalle, J. Lauber, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Takehiko Mori, S. W. O'Neale, L. A. del Pozo, A. Jawahery, R. J. Homer, P. M. Watkins, Paul Kyberd, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, Peter Sherwood, Erez Etzion, F. K. Loebinger, J. C. Clayton, K. J. Anderson, A. M. Rossi, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, T. Tsukamoto, G. J. Van Dalen, K. Runge, P. Bock, V. H. Winterer, G. D. Lafferty, David Robinson, A. Yeaman, Stefan Kluth, C. Darling, Shlomit Tarem, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, D. A. Hinshaw, R. J. Barlow, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, R. Giacomelli, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, R. P. Middleton, D. J.P. Dumas, G. Quast, Gunter Wolf, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, D. R. Ward, N. I. Geddes, W. R. Gibson, M. W. Redmond, M. Hauschild, S. Wotton, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, E. Torrente-Lujan, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Weber, J. E. Pilcher, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, R.J. Akers, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Christoph Schwick, A. Skillman, P. M. Hattersley, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, F. C. Grant, N. Tesch, N. K. Watson, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, J. M. Roney, H. Fukui, W. Mohr, P. A. Elcombe, R. J. Sobie, J. Becker, R. Howard, F. Scharf, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, P. S. Wells, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, M. Coupland, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, T. G. Shears, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, D. R. Rust, A. M. Lee, O. Schaile, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, and A. Astbury
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, Perturbative QCD, Multiplicity (mathematics), Gluon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parton shower, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper describes an analysis of sub-jet multiplicities, which are expected to be sensitive to the properties of soft gluon radiation, in hadronic decays of theZ0. Two- and three-jet event samples are selected using thek⊥ jet clustering algorithm at a jet resolution scaley1. The mean sub-jet multiplicity as a function of the sub-jet resolution,y0, is determined separately for both event samples by reapplying the same jet algorithm at resolution scalesy0
Published: 1994

41. Measurement of the photon structure functionF 2 ? in the reactione + e ??e + e ?+hadrons at LEP

Author: James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, Matthias Schröder, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, R. W.L. Jones, Andris Skuja, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, H. Deng, R. Humbert, M. Yurko, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, J. Steuerer, Erez Etzion, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, Silvia Arcelli, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, S. A. Robins, P. W. Jeffreys, T. Kobayashi, Gideon Bella, Stefan Kluth, P. Igo-Kemenes, M. Foucher, H. J. Burckhart, P. Bright-Thomas, T. Kawamoto, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, D. A. Hinshaw, Jacqueline Batley, Tohru Takeshita, J. G. Layter, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, H. Jeremie, O. Schaile, Shlomit Tarem, J. J. Ward, G. J. VanDalen, J. C. Clayton, M. A. Thomson, M. Hansroul, P. Weber, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Georges Azuelos, J. E. Pilcher, Shlomo Dado, T. Behnke, V. Gibson, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, N. I. Geddes, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. P. Middleton, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, Max Weber, M. W. Redmond, J. C. Hill, R. J. Homer, X. C. Lou, R. J. Barlow, R. Yaari, P. E.L. Clarke, M. Hauschild, B. C. Shen, P. S. Wells, E. do Couto e Silva, T. W. Pritchard, J. Goldberg, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, J. Banks, S. Bethke, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, W. R. Gibson, E. Lefebvre, Marco Cuffiani, J. P. Martin, C. Moisan, B. Nellen, J. W. Gary, F. Odorici, N. J. Tresilian, Terry Richard Wyatt, G. A. Beck, A. T. Watson, P. Mättig, C. Markus, R. G. Kellogg, A. Astbury, Achim Stahl, P. Paschievici, P. Leblanc, S. De Jong, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. S. Koetke, R. D. Heuer, Stefano Marcellini, U. Müller, C. M. Hawkes, M. Coupland, M. Cooper, J. A. McKenna, M. J. Losty, James Letts, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, B. Fabbro, A. J. Martin, Daniel Lellouch, S. L. Chu, T. Hilse, B. Panzer-Steindel, H. Mes, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Takehiko Mori, A. Beck, H. G. Evans, I. P. Duerdoth, J. Allison, D. Pitman, M. J. Goodrick, G. D. Lafferty, P. F. Harrison, I. Cohen, M. H. Lehto, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, B. Schmitt, E. Heflin, C. Jui, O. Runolfsson, M. Jones, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, R. Giacomelli, C. K. Hargrove, G. Mikenberg, Madjid Boutemeur, Gunter Wolf, R. M. Brown, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, P. M. Hattersley, T. G. Shears, T. J. Smith, R. J. Sobie, D. L. Rees, Lorne Levinson, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, K. Stephens, D. M. Gingrich, A. M. Rossi, C. Beeston, Margret Fincke-Keeler, R.J. Akers, Claudio Grandi, J. R. McNutt, John Hobbs, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, M. Tecchio, S. Wotton, E. Torrente-Lujan, P. Berlich, G. T. Zorn, P. M. Watkins, V. H. Winterer, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, T. Tsukamoto, R. Lahmann, D. R. Rust, F. C. Grant, D. C. Imrie, Ehud Duchovni, M. A. Whalley, D. E. Plane, M. Sasaki, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, A. M. Lee, M. Jimack, A. Buijs, G. Quast, John Baines, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, H. Ihssen, D. J.P. Dumas, P. Pfister, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, B. Boden, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, B. Poli, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, G. P. Siroli, J. King, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, R. Kowalewski, A. C. Janissen, S. W. O'Neale, S. Barnett, Christoph Schwick, Gideon Alexander, D. Hochman, Paolo Capiluppi, J. R. Carter, D. Axen, K. J. Anderson, A. Jawahery, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, R. Mir, P. Routenburg, M. J. Oreglia, F. S. Merritt, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, G. N. Patrick, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, R. Bartoldus, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, H. O. Ogren, A. Yeaman, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. A. Carter, J. Kroll, R. Van Kooten, S. L. Lloyd, N. K. Watson, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, Sachio Komamiya, M. G. Rison, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, E. Ros, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, W. Schappert, J. M. Roney, J. M. Lorah, J. Lauber, W. Mohr, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, R. J. Hemingway, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, Alessandro Montanari, J. Hart, J. D. Gillies, D. J. Miller, P. A. Elcombe, J. Becker, F. Scharf, A. Skillman, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, A. D. Schaile, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, and Frans Meijers
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Perturbative QCD, Vector meson dominance, Elementary particle, Photon structure function, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: We present measurements of the hadronic photon structure functionF2γ(x), in twoQ2 ranges with mean values of 5.9 GeV2 and 14.7 GeV2. The data were taken by the OPAL experiment at LEP, with$\sqrt s$ close to theZ0 mass and correspond to an integratede+e− luminosity of 44.8 pb−1. In the context of a QCD-based model we find the quark transverse momentum cutoff separating the vector meson dominance (VMD) and perturbative QCD regions to be 0.27±0.10 GeV. We confirm that there is a significant pointlike component of the photon when the probe photon hasQ2>4 GeV2. Our measurements extend to lower values ofx than any previous experiment, and no increase ofF2γ(x) is observed.
Published: 1994

42. Measurement of the time dependence of mixing using a jet charge technique

Author: W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, P. S. Wells, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, James Pinfold, Terry Richard Wyatt, G. Beaudoin, D. G. Fong, R. Bartoldus, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, N. K. Watson, Michael Kobel, Gregor Herten, M. Coupland, John Allison, Shlomo Dado, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, H. O. Ogren, C. Wahl, C. Sbarra, B. Wilkens, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, H. Lafoux, Paul Kyberd, Paolo Giacomelli, F. K. Loebinger, Otmar Biebel, M. Hansroul, N. J. Tresilian, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, Michael Dittmar, R. J. Hemingway, J. W. Gary, G. E. Richards, Georges Azuelos, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, G. Yekutieli, J. Kroll, R. D. Heuer, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, J. E. Pilcher, F. C. Grant, K. W. Bell, W. Mohr, J. Mildenberger, Giora Mikenberg, Harold Nguyen, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, P. Jovanovic, M. W. Redmond, J. R. McNutt, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, M. H. Lehto, T. G. Shears, P. Poffenberger, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, H. Przysiezniak, Austin Ball, M. Fierro, G. G. Hanson, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, S. L. Chu, I. J. Bloodworth, P. Scharff-Hansen, D. M. Gingrich, P. A. Elcombe, B. C. Shen, D. A. Hinshaw, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, P. Schütz, M. G. Rison, E. Lefebvre, R. J. Homer, D. E. Plane, H. Fukui, T. Hilse, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, Siegfried Bethke, G. Giacomelli, J. Hart, F. S. Merritt, P. Berlich, M. Hauschild, A. K. Honma, A. M. Smith, F. Odorici, C. Dallapiccola, W. G. Scott, O. Runolfsson, P. Bentkowski, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, T. J. McMahon, T. W. Pritchard, J. D. Gillies, G. M. Dallavalle, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, J. Becker, A. D. Schaile, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, C. Markus, D. R. Rust, P. Paschievici, V. Gibson, D. L. Rees, Xinchou Lou, Z. Li, J. Schwiening, G. Quast, C. Beeston, R. K. Carnegie, F. Scharf, P. Schenk, P. Weber, Claudio Grandi, M. Settles, C. Moisan, J. A. McKenna, G. J. VanDalen, G. A. Beck, P. F. Harrison, Andris Skuja, Achim Stahl, T. Behnke, M. Yurko, Guenter Duckeck, P. W. Jeffreys, M. J. Losty, J. A. Wilson, R. J. Barlow, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, D. J.P. Dumas, D. J. Miller, A. M. Lee, P. Teixeira-Dias, Stephen Lloyd, G. D. Long, M. S. Dixit, R. Mir, Tetsuro Mashimo, Frans Meijers, P. Bright-Thomas, A. Skillman, R.J. Akers, J. J. Ward, M. Tecchio, M. A. Thomson, A. Gaidot, D. R. Ward, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, B. Schmitt, M. Morii, M. Foucher, D. Axen, C. Jui, P. E.L. Clarke, A. Jawahery, O. Schaile, R. Howard, M. K. Jones, J. Lauber, S. W. O'Neale, Margret Fincke-Keeler, A. M. Rossi, Peter R Hobson, Claude Leroy, S. Barnett, N. Wermes, W. Gorn, J. P. Pansart, J. P. Martin, N. Tesch, K. J. Anderson, D. Hochman, H. Takeda, V. H. Winterer, M. J. Oreglia, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, F. G. Oakham, T. Tsukamoto, P. Pfister, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, J. C. Clayton, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, S. De Jong, P. Routenburg, J. Goldberg, J. von Krogh, B. Nellen, P. M. Hattersley, P. Leblanc, J. Steuerer, R. Ströhmer, N. I. Geddes, H. G. Evans, Dave Robinson, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, G. T. Zorn, R. Lahmann, Gunter Wolf, L. A. del Pozo, B. Boden, B. Poli, D. C. Imrie, G. W. Wilson, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, S. Wotton, R. Yaari, Madjid Boutemeur, Marco Cuffiani, H. M. Fischer, J. G. Layter, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Christoph Schwick, P. G. Estabrooks, Erez Etzion, R. K. Keeler, A. Yeaman, A. Michelini, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, D. Karlen, C. Charlesworth, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, C. Burgard, R. P. Middleton, S. A. Robins, P. M. Watkins, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, Silvia Arcelli, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, J. M. Roney, C. Darling, P. A. Hart, P. Igo-Kemenes, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, E. do Couto e Silva, M. J. Pearce, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, Matthias Schröder, R. Kowalewski, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, A. Astbury, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, and C. K. Hargrove
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Particle decay, Particle physics, Meson, Oscillation, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Charge (physics), Electric charge, Lepton
Abstract: The observation and measurement of the time-dependence of B0d↔B0d mixing are described. The B0d meson is reconstructed in final states that contain a D∗− and an l+, where the b flavour of the B0d at decay time is tagged by the electric charge of the lepton. A new and efficient method, using a jet charge technique, is developed for identifying the b flavour of the produced B0d. From a sample of 556 D∗±l∓ candidates reconstructed in the OPAL data collected during 1990–1993, the B0d↔B0d oscillation frequency is measured to be Δmd = 0.508 ± 0.075 (stat) ±0.025(syst) ps−1 giving an oscillation parameter of χd = 0.73 ± 0.11 (stat) ±0.08 (syst), where 0.076 of the systematic error on χd arises from the uncertainty on the B0d lifetime.
Published: 1994

43. Measurement of the τ− → h− π0ντ and τ− → h− ⩾ 2π0ντ branching ratios

Author: John Allison, M. Hauschild, R. G. Kellogg, K. Stephens, C. Markus, D. S. Koetke, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, P. Pfister, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, S. Wotton, I. J. Bloodworth, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, H. Deng, R. Humbert, P R Poffenberger, A. Rollnik, N. J. Tresilian, R. Giacomelli, Madjid Boutemeur, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Gordon H. Hanson, S. Bethke, M. W. Redmond, D. C. Imrie, M. Settles, P. G. Estabrooks, R. D. Heuer, R. Ströhmer, P. Igo-Kemenes, Matthias Schröder, H. Przysiezniak, Fabrizio Fabbri, J. M. Roney, M. Foucher, D. Van den plas, M. Fierro, H. M. Fischer, P. M. Watkins, G. T. Zorn, V. Gibson, A. Michelini, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, D. G. Fong, S. L. Chu, P. Schütz, C. Darling, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, G. W. Wilson, T. Wlodek, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, Achim Stahl, H. M. Bosch, E. Duchovni, D. Karlen, S. Orito, Gregor Herten, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Erez Etzion, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, P. Teixeira-Dias, M. H. Lehto, G. Giacomelli, J. Gascon, U. Maur, G. Yekutieli, Silvia Arcelli, T. Hilse, W. R. Gibson, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, O. Runolfsson, D. Hochman, C. Y. Chang, Georges Azuelos, H. O. Ogren, P. M. Hattersley, P. Schenk, J. Steuerr, M. F. Turner, J. Pinfold, A. Beck, S. Wolf, B. Schmitt, J. E. Pilcher, K. W. Bell, T. J. Smith, T. G. Shears, S. A. Robins, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, Michael Kobel, D. A. Hinshaw, E. Heflin, C. Beeston, M. S. Dixit, Gideon Bella, Claudio Grandi, Frans Meijers, P. Bright-Thomas, R. M. Brown, E. do Couto e Silva, J. C. Hill, P. Mättig, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, R. P. Middleton, M. J. Oreglia, H. J. Burckhart, R.J. Akers, M. Yurko, Jacqueline Batley, Misao Sasaki, H. Lafoux, P. A. Hart, D. R. Ward, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, J. W. Gary, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, J. Goldberg, B. W. Kennedy, P. W. Jeffreys, B. Nellen, E. Torrente-Lujan, A. P. Wagner, Takehiko Mori, P. E.L. Clarke, P. Paschievici, A. M. Lee, B. C. Shen, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, O. Schaile, R. Yaari, D. L. Rees, M. K. Jones, A. K. Honma, M. J. Pearce, P. Leblanc, Paolo Giacomelli, R. Howard, M. Hansroul, P. Berlich, W. G. Scott, P. Weber, J. P. Martin, G. Beaudoin, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, C. Burgard, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, D. Axen, S. De Jong, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, J. J. Ward, M. A. Thomson, A. Jawahery, R. J. Homer, J. C. Clayton, Xinchou Lou, R. Mir, Shlomo Dado, D. R. Rust, R. Kowalewski, A. Astbury, D. M. Gingrich, R. Lahmann, Peter Sherwood, U. Müller, R. W. Springer, M. J. Losty, P. Scharff-Hansen, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, A. J. Martin, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, K. Runge, P. Bock, T. Behnke, G. Quast, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Christoph Schwick, Marco Cuffiani, E. Lefebvre, T. W. Pritchard, L. Levinson, F. Odorici, Z. Li, C. K. Hargrove, Guenter Duckeck, P. S. Wells, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, D. Lellouch, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, G. Mikenberg, J. G. Layter, B. Lorazo, A. M. Rossi, D. E. Plane, Terry Richard Wyatt, Andris Skuja, M. Rosvick, T. Tsukamoto, V. H. Winterer, P. Bentkowski, C. Charlesworth, G. D. Long, G. M. Dallavalle, M. Coupland, Tetsuro Mashimo, S. Barnett, W. Gorn, N. I. Geddes, D. J.P. Dumas, Richard Keeler, P. F. Harrison, B. Boden, B. Poli, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, C. Jui, A. D. Schaile, J. R. McNutt, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, F. C. Grant, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, A. Buijs, S. W. Gensler, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, A. Syoosi, F. S. Merritt, J. Lauber, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, J. A. McKenna, J. Hart, C. Dallapiccola, R. Bartoldus, J. D. Gillies, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, R. J. Barlow, J. Kroll, D. J. Miller, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, R. J. Hemingway, P. Jovanovic, Sachio Komamiya, Austin Ball, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, C. Sbarra, Michael Dittmar, A. Yeaman, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, M. G. Rison, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, H. von der Scmitt, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, M. Fincke-Keeler, N. K. Watson, W. Mohr, A. Skillman, A. Gaidot, M. Sproston, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, P. A. Elcombe, J. Becker, F. Scharf, G. J. VanDalen, and R. Sobie
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle decay, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, Analytical chemistry, Branching (polymer chemistry), Selection criterion
Abstract: The branching ratios of the τ− → h− π0vτ and τ− → h− ⩾ 2π0vτ decays (where h− is either a π− or K−) are measured using the OPAL detector at LEP. The two branching ratios are simultaneously measured using separate selection criteria and are found to be Bh− π0 = (26.25 ± 0.35 ± 0.52)%, Bh− ⩾ 2π0 = (9.89 ± 0.34 ± 0.55)%Bh− π0 + Bh− ⩾ 2π0 = (36.14 ± 0.33 ± 0.58)%, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.
Published: 1994

44. Multiplicity and transverse momentum correlations in multihadronic final states in e+e− interactions at √s = 91.2 GeV

Author: J. W. Gary, H. O. Ogren, Sachio Komamiya, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Theodoros Geralis, Carla Sbarra, I. J. Bloodworth, G. Quast, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, S. L. Lloyd, F. X. Gentit, T. R. Wyatt, M. Settles, J. E. Conboy, M. Tecchio, R. J. Barlow, G. Mikenberg, B. C. Shen, M. Foucher, S. L. Chu, J. D. Gillies, M. Jimack, Siegfried Bethke, M. Hauschild, W. G. Scott, P. Weber, C. Jui, Tohru Takeshita, Georges Azuelos, M. Fierro, C. M. Hawkes, K. W. Bell, Norbert Wermes, J. C. Hill, S. A. Wotton, A. H. Ball, Silvia Arcelli, G. W. Wilson, M. J. Losty, J. Pinfold, C. Schwick, C. Markus, M. Jones, P. Paschievici, J.A. Lauber, D. G. Fong, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, J. M. Roney, J. Gascon, J. Goldberg, A. Skillman, D. J. Miller, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Igo-Kemenes, Paul Fraser Harrison, B. Boden, D. L. Rees, G. Duckeck, A. D. Schaile, P. S. Wells, J. Schwiening, B. Nellen, B. Poli, Z. Li, R. G. Kellogg, Daniel Lellouch, P. Leblanc, H. Jeremie, A. Gaidot, D. S. Koetke, F. S. Merritt, Takehiko Mori, A. T. Watson, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, T. Hilse, V. H. Winterer, T. Wlodek, M. J. Cooper, M. Sproston, R.J. Akers, W. R. Gibson, V. Gibson, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, D. Axen, H. G. Evans, Stefano Marcellini, M. Morii, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, Peter R Hobson, James Letts, A. Jawahery, N. K. Watson, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, J. A. McKenna, Andris Skuja, E. do Couto e Silva, R. J. Hemingway, Shlomo Dado, A. M. Lee, G. D. Lafferty, Tetsuro Mashimo, R. Kowalewski, Claudio Grandi, D. Pitman, D.L. Wagner, M. Yurko, A. Beck, Michael Schulz, P. Jovanovic, P. W. Jeffreys, J. M. Lorah, Madjid Boutemeur, C. Darling, X. C. Lou, E. Heflin, Matthias Schröder, T. Kobayashi, R. Yaari, P. E. L. Clarke, Robert Lahmann, R. W. Springer, W. Mohr, A. M. Rossi, Richard Keeler, R. M. Brown, P. Mättig, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Marco Cuffiani, P. G. Estabrooks, C. J. Oram, T. W. Pritchard, W. Gorn, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Gordon H. Hanson, Alessandro Montanari, T. Tsukamoto, D. C. Imrie, Lorne Levinson, H. von der Schmitt, A. Yeaman, N. I. Geddes, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, P. A. Elcombe, Erez Etzion, Ehud Duchovni, R. Mir, H. M. Fischer, B. W. Kennedy, P. M. Watkins, H. Lafoux, J. J. Ward, David Robinson, M. A. Thomson, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, A. Michelini, A. Wagner, J. Hagemann, A. C. Janissen, H. Ihssen, M. Rosvick, P. Scharff-Hansen, F. K. Loebinger, A. Astbury, S. Rossberg, Gilles Beaudoin, E. Torrente-Lujan, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, Gregor Herten, S. A. Robins, S. W. Gensler, R. P. Middleton, F. Scharf, C. Wahl, M. W. Redmond, D. M. Gingrich, S. J. Hillier, H. Mes, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Peter Sherwood, D. A. Hinshaw, A. M. Smith, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, B. Wilkens, J. R. Carter, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Pedro Teixeira-Dias, J. Kroll, H. Takeda, M. Fincke-Keeler, R. D. Heuer, F. G. Oakham, J. Allison, P. Routenburg, G. T. Zorn, P. Kyberd, H. M. Bosch, J. E. Pilcher, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, P.A. Hart, Eduardo Ros, John Hart, U. Müller, R. Sobie, A. J. Martin, P. M. Hattersley, T. Behnke, C. K. Hargrove, D. E. Plane, P. Poffenberger, M. J. Pearce, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, O. Runolfsson, D. J.P. Dumas, T. J. McMahon, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, J. G. Layter, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, S. J. De Jong, M. G. Rison, M. F. Turner, S. Barnett, D. Hochman, J. von Krogh, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, L. A. del Pozo, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, G. J. VanDalen, J. C. Clayton, M. Coupland, J.P. Martin, H. Przysiezniak, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, J. K. Becker, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, B. Schmitt, H-C. Schultz-Coulon, A. Stahl, R. W. L. Jones, P. Pfister, S. Orito, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, M. J. Oreglia, A. K. Honma, C. Y. Chang, G. N. Patrick, C. Burgard, J. Steuerer, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, Raimund Ströhmer, T. J. Smith, P. Schütz, M. Sasaki, I. P. Duerdoth, E. Lefebvre, F. Odorici, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, D. R. Rust, J. P. Pansart, P.G. Bright-Thomas, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, R. Van Kooten, M. H. Lehto, C.J. Beeston, T. G. Shears, Gy. Wolf, P. Berlich, D. Karlen, O. Schaile, N. J. Tresilian, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, and R. Bartoldus
Subjects: Quark, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Multiplicity (mathematics), Charged particle, Gluon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parton shower
Abstract: We report a study of forward-backward multiplicity correlations and a measurement of the dependence on charged multiplicity of the mean transverse momentum of charged hadrons, measured with respect to the thrust axis. The study was performed on a high statistics sample of Z(0) decays to multihadronic final states collected by the OPAL Collaboration at LEP. The positive forward-backward multiplicity correlation observed in our inclusive sample can be understood in terms of a superposition of distinct event topologies characterized by a different amount of hard gluon radiation (2-, 3- and 4-jet events) and with different mean multiplicities. The residual positive correlation that we see in a clean 2-jet sample can be interpreted in terms of fragmentation properties of different quark flavours and of the production and decay of resonances. We have compared the observed effects with the predictions of QCD-based parton shower models. The data are well described by the Jetset 7.3 Monte Carlo, while Herwig 5.5 does not satisfactorily reproduce the measured correlations. Hard gluon radiation is also shown to be responsible for the observed increase of about 40% in the mean transverse momentum of produced charged hadrons in the multiplicity range from 10 to 30. The comparison with the results obtained in an analysis of a sample enriched in Z(0) --> b $$($) over bar b events, shows that the presence of heavy flavours does not contribute significantly to the observed effect.
Published: 1994

45. Measurement of $$\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to b\bar b)/\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to hadrons)$$ using leptons

Author: M. Hauschild, P. Singh, Tohru Takeshita, C. Markus, J. Hart, P. Paschievici, R. W. L. Jones, J. D. Gillies, Georges Azuelos, B. Panzer-Steindel, J. F. Kral, Gideon Alexander, Horst Breuker, K. W. Bell, Max Weber, D. J. Miller, J. C. Hill, Paolo Capiluppi, D. Pitman, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, M. Jobes, U. Binder, P. E.L. Clarke, J. Steuerer, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, Gideon Bella, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. Astbury, F. Lamarche, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, J. Kroll, H. Jeremie, O. Ganel, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, P. Taras, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. J. Martin, R. J. Hemingway, M. H. Lehto, Mitsuaki Nozaki, W. J. Collins, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, G. A. Beck, P. Teixeira-Dias, S. L. Lloyd, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, Silvia Arcelli, A. M. Smith, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, T. G. Shears, V. Gibson, P. Jovanovic, S. Barnett, H. Ihssen, T. Behnke, Austin Ball, R. Yaari, B. Schmitt, S. W. Gensler, A. Pouladdej, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, T. W. Pritchard, S. Bethke, D. Menszner, S. J. Hillier, E. do Couto e Silva, C. J. Virtue, Marco Cuffiani, Margret Fincke-Keeler, P. Pfister, Alessandro Montanari, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, C. K. Hargrove, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, P. Berlich, H. Deng, R. Humbert, J. R. McNutt, L. Köpke, J. Goldberg, B. Nellen, James Pinfold, M. Jimack, C. Wahl, F. S. Merritt, S. L. Chu, M. Hansroul, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, P. Leblanc, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, Norbert Wermes, J. E. Pilcher, A. D. Schaile, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, D. R. Rust, B. C. Shen, P. A. Elcombe, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, T. Kawamoto, G. Quast, S. W. O'Neale, H. G. Evans, P. F. Harrison, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, R. J. Sobie, S. Orito, R. G. Kellogg, John Baines, V. H. Winterer, G. D. Lafferty, John Hobbs, A. K. Honma, D. S. Koetke, W. G. Scott, M. Rosvick, R. Mir, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, P. D. Acton, Andris Skuja, M. Tecchio, Stefano Marcellini, W. R. Gibson, J. A. McKenna, James Letts, A. A. Carter, P. M. Hattersley, J. W. Gary, M. Yurko, R. Kowalewski, J. Becker, K. J. Anderson, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, Tetsuro Mashimo, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, B. Boden, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, B. Poli, G. J. VanDalen, F. Odorici, R. F. McGowan, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, M. J. Oreglia, J. C. Clayton, P. M. Watkins, W. Gorn, R. Van Kooten, A. Beck, G. A. Bahan, P. W. Jeffreys, P. P. Allport, T. Mouthuy, O. Schaile, N. I. Geddes, C. Jui, F. G. Oakham, J. M. Roney, P. S. Wells, E. Heflin, S. Wotton, A. T. Watson, T. Kobayashi, A. M. Lee, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, G. N. Patrick, R. M. Brown, R. D. Heuer, M. Sasaki, J. M. Lorah, Lorne Levinson, M. Coupland, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Fabrizio Fabbri, W. Mohr, D. Van den plas, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, H. Mes, A. M. Rossi, Shlomo Dado, Erez Etzion, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, M. W. Redmond, I. P. Duerdoth, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, T. Tsukamoto, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, E. Torrente-Lujan, R. Giacomelli, S. Levegrün, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, G. Mikenberg, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, J. von Krogh, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, R. P. Middleton, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, Dave Robinson, J. R. Carter, G. M. Dallavalle, L. A. del Pozo, S. Schreiber, T. J. McMahon, D. J.P. Dumas, X. C. Lou, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, P. Bright-Thomas, W. Schappert, P. Weber, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, M. A. Thomson, G. P. Siroli, Christoph Schwick, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, T. R. Wyatt, R. J. Barlow, H. Przysiezniak, M. J. Losty, M. Fierro, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, Claudio Grandi, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, J. P. Martin, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, Sachio Komamiya, S. De Jong, E. Ros, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, J. G. Layter, I. J. Bloodworth, A. Yeaman, N. K. Watson, M. Settles, M. Foucher, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, P. Mättig, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, D. A. Hinshaw, J. Allison, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, G. T. Zorn, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, and P. Bock
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electron, Width ratio, Engineering (miscellaneous), High momentum, Lepton
Abstract: The fraction of $$b\bar b$$ events in hadronicZ 0 decays has been measured from the yield of leptons in the data samples collected by OPAL in 1990 and 1991. A sample enriched in events containing $${\rm Z}^0 \to b\bar b$$ decays was obtained by requiring the presence of an electron or muon with high momentum and high momentum component transverse to the associated hadronic jet. After accounting for backgrounds and acceptances, a value of $$\frac{{\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to b\bar b)}}{{\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to hadrons)}} = 0.220 \pm 0.002 \pm 0.0006 \pm 0.011$$ was obtained. The first two errors reflect the data statistics and the systematic uncertainties arising from detector modelling uncertainties, respectively. The third error includes systematic effects fromb andc fragmentation and decay uncertainties.
Published: 1993

46. A measurement ofΓ (Z 0→b $$\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to b\bar b)$$ /Γ(Z 0→hadrons) using an impact parameter technique

Author: Sachio Komamiya, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, A. Astbury, A. Skillman, U. Müller, T. P. Kokott, A. J. Martin, A. Luig, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, A. Gaidot, D. L. Rees, P. E.L. Clarke, I. J. Bloodworth, D. A. Hinshaw, James Pinfold, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, J. Steuerer, D. G. Fong, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, M. Settles, T. W. Pritchard, F. Lamarche, R. J. Hemingway, C. K. Hargrove, G. Beaudoin, T. Behnke, Silvia Arcelli, P. Jovanovic, M. Foucher, T. Hilse, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, J. W. Gary, O. Runolfsson, F. S. Merritt, Austin Ball, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, D. Menszner, R. Yaari, Tohru Takeshita, Shlomo Dado, G. W. Wilson, Alessandro Montanari, D. Karlen, C. Beeston, C. Burgard, J. Hart, Claudio Grandi, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, J. D. Gillies, M. W. Redmond, Otmar Biebel, Andris Skuja, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, X. C. Lou, P. Igo-Kemenes, Georges Azuelos, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, J. M. Lorah, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, G. E. Richards, M. Yurko, Tetsuro Mashimo, P. W. Jeffreys, H. Jeremie, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, J. F. Kral, U. Maur, K. W. Bell, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, G. T. Zorn, Giora Mikenberg, Daniel Lellouch, John Allison, W. Mohr, S. L. Chu, Gunter Wolf, Gregor Herten, Takehiko Mori, Max Weber, C. Wahl, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, C. Jui, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, J. M. Roney, P. Bright-Thomas, B. Wilkens, Matthias Schröder, E. do Couto e Silva, H. Mes, W. Gorn, P. A. Elcombe, I. P. Duerdoth, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, M. A. Thomson, R. G. Kellogg, M. Morii, H. Deng, R. Humbert, H. Lafoux, B. C. Shen, D. S. Koetke, Madjid Boutemeur, Peter Sherwood, J. A. McKenna, John Hobbs, Peter R Hobson, J. E. Pilcher, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, P. Scharff-Hansen, B. Fabbro, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, B. Panzer-Steindel, K. Runge, P. Bock, A. D. Schaile, R. Kowalewski, J. Becker, M. Hauschild, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, P. M. Watkins, M. J. Losty, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Gideon Bella, V. H. Winterer, A. M. Smith, G. J. VanDalen, Ehud Duchovni, S. Wotton, H. J. Burckhart, G. Vasseur, Jacqueline Batley, B. Lorazo, Norbert Wermes, P. Mättig, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, R.J. Akers, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, O. Schaile, R. Bartoldus, J. Goldberg, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, B. Nellen, R. Mir, P. Leblanc, F. Odorici, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, M. Jimack, M. J. Oreglia, A. Yeaman, N. K. Watson, Erez Etzion, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, J. R. Carter, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, G. N. Patrick, R. P. Middleton, J. Kroll, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Pouladdej, H. Ihssen, S. W. O'Neale, S. W. Gensler, G. P. Siroli, K. J. Anderson, S. J. Hillier, Christoph Schwick, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, P. Poffenberger, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, W. R. Gibson, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, P. Weber, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, D. J.P. Dumas, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, P. M. Hattersley, P. F. Harrison, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, V. Gibson, G. Quast, John Baines, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, A. M. Rossi, J. C. Clayton, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, D. R. Rust, S. A. Robins, A. M. Lee, S. Barnett, C. Sbarra, D. Hochman, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, Roger Jones, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, R. Van Kooten, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, N. I. Geddes, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, B. Boden, B. Poli, T. G. Shears, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, L. Köpke, J. P. Martin, T. J. McMahon, M. Hansroul, S. De Jong, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, J. A. Wilson, R. J. Homer, W. Schappert, Margret Fincke-Keeler, J. G. Layter, R. E. Hughes-Jones, J. von Krogh, P. Pfister, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, Dave Robinson, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, L. A. del Pozo, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, B. Schmitt, P. S. Wells, Terry Richard Wyatt, M. Coupland, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, M. Jones, Claude Leroy, and J. P. Pansart
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Partial width, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Analytical chemistry, Elementary particle, Standard Model, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Impact parameter, Engineering (miscellaneous), Bar (unit)
Abstract: The fractional partial width of theZ0 tob quarks,$\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} $, has been measured by OPAL using an impact parameter technique. The method has been developed using 130 000 hadronic events collected by OPAL in 1990. We find: $$\frac{{\Gamma _{b\bar b} }}{{\Gamma _{had} }} = 0.222 \pm 0.007(stat) \pm 0.008(sys).$$ The measurement assumes the relative rates of theZ0 touds andc quarks given by the Standard Model. Varying the charm fraction from the Standard Model value of$\Gamma _{c\bar c} /\Gamma _{had} = 0.171$ changes the result by an additional$\Delta \Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{b\bar b} = - 0.135 \times \Delta \Gamma _{c\bar c} /\Gamma _{c\bar c} $.
Published: 1993

47. A measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of $$e^ + e^ - \to c\bar c$$ and $$e^ + e^ - \to b\bar b$$ at centre of mass energies on and near theZ 0 peak usingD *± mesons

Author: T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, G. Quast, John Baines, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, S. Barnett, D. Hochman, G. J. VanDalen, M. Rosvkck, J. C. Clayton, M. Yurko, Silvia Arcelli, S. A. Robins, R. Lahmann, F. S. Merritt, P. W. Jeffreys, Margret Fincke-Keeler, W. R. Gibson, D. C. Imrie, Matthias Schröder, Gunter Wolf, T. Kobayashi, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, P. Igo-Kemenes, D. A. Hinshaw, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, P. E.L. Clarke, A. Beck, E. Heflin, G. P. Siroli, E. Lefebvre, J. P. Martin, S. L. Chu, J. King, Christoph Schwick, V. H. Winterer, S. Wotton, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, R. M. Brown, P. Bright-Thomas, H. Jeremie, Lorne Levinson, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, A. Skillman, J. E. Pilcher, H. Deng, R. Humbert, J. Lauber, F. Odorici, S. De Jong, M. Morii, P. Pfister, Takehiko Mori, A. Gaidot, Georges Azuelos, Peter R Hobson, V. Gibson, R.J. Akers, B. Fabbro, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, E. Torrente-Lujan, R. Bartoldus, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, M. Sasaki, H. Takeda, E. do Couto e Silva, B. Boden, H. O. Ogren, B. Panzer-Steindel, R. G. Kellogg, J. Goldberg, P. Routenburg, J. Schneps, B. Poli, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Norbert Wermes, J. F. Kral, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, M. A. Thomson, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, F. G. Oakham, J. A. McKenna, D. S. Koetke, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, John Hobbs, K. W. Bell, B. Nellen, D. L. Rees, D. E. Plane, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, P. A. Elcombe, Max Weber, P. Leblanc, Stefano Marcellini, S. Orito, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, J. Hart, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, Gideon Bella, Peter Sherwood, James Letts, J. C. Hill, B. C. Shen, R. Mir, G. D. Lafferty, J. Kroll, C. Moisan, J. Becker, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, S. W. O'Neale, G. A. Beck, J. D. Gillies, H. J. Burckhart, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, T. Takeeshita, J. Hagemann, S. L. Lloyd, F. X. Gentit, Jacqueline Batley, Madjid Boutemeur, Achim Stahl, A. Yeaman, H. G. Evans, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, P. Mättig, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, D. J.P. Dumas, J. E. Conboy, A. Astbury, P. Teixeira-Dias, F. Scharf, J. Steuerer, J. W. Gary, Shlomo Dado, P. Weber, N. K. Watson, I. J. Bloodworth, C. Jui, P. F. Harrison, U. Müller, N. I. Geddes, A. J. Martin, Sachio Komamiya, D. J. Miller, M. Settles, G. G. Hanson, P. G. Estabrooks, G. Mikenberg, J. Allison, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, M. Tecchio, M. J. Oreglia, M. W. Redmond, X. C. Lou, R. K. Keeler, E. Ros, M. Foucher, M. J. Losty, G. Giacomelli, B. Schmitt, G. T. Zorn, A. D. Schaile, T. Behnke, Erez Etzion, K. J. Anderson, G. W. Wilson, P. Schenk, Paul Kyberd, J. M. Roney, D. Karlen, R. Kowalewski, H. M. Bosch, C. K. Hargrove, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, R. J. Barlow, C. Burgard, F. K. Loebinger, M. Hauschild, P. M. Watkins, R. Yaari, G. N. Patrick, Stefan Kluth, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, M. S. Dixit, R. J. Hemingway, Shlomit Tarem, A. M. Rossi, Frans Meijers, J. M. Lorah, Gideon Alexander, H. Przysiezniak, Paolo Capiluppi, C. Markus, T. Tsukamoto, P. Paschievici, C. Y. Chang, H. M. Fischer, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, M. F. Turner, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, R. Giacomelli, M. Fierro, A. Michelini, M. Hansroul, Ehud Duchovni, A. C. Janissen, R. P. Middleton, P. Jovanovic, J. G. Layter, M. Jimack, Austin Ball, H. Ihssen, D. Menszner, S. W. Gensler, Alessandro Montanari, S. J. Hillier, T. Hilse, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, T. W. Pritchard, O. Runolfsson, J. R. Carter, R. J. Homer, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, C. Beeston, Claudio Grandi, P. S. Wells, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, M. Coupland, P. M. Hattersley, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, R. W.L. Jones, M. Jones, R. J. Sobie, P. Scharff-Hansen, Claude Leroy, A. M. Smith, J. P. Pansart, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, Andris Skuja, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, R. Van Kooten, M. G. Rison, T. J. McMahon, W. Mohr, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, D. R. Rust, A. M. Lee, O. Schaile, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, T. G. Shears, D. M. Gingrich, and P. Berlich
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, media_common.quotation_subject, Electron–positron annihilation, Elementary particle, Asymmetry, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Charm (quantum number), Engineering (miscellaneous), media_common, Bar (unit)
Abstract: A measurement is presented of the forwardbackward asymmetry of the processes$e^ + e^ + \to c\bar c$ and$e^ + e^ + \to b\bar b$ at centre of mass energies near 91 GeV. Decays of theZ0 into charm and bottom quarks are identified using 6507 chargedD* mesons, reconstructed in the decaysD*±→D0π±→(K∓π±)π±,D*±→D0π±→(K∓π±π0)π± andD*±→D0π±→(K∓π±π∓π±)π±. Thec quark asymmetry on theZ0 peak is measured to be $$A_{FB}^c = 0.052 \pm 0.028(stat.) \pm 0.012(sys.).$$ The energy dependence of the asymmetry has been investigated at energies close to theZ0 peak. Consistency with the predictions of the Standard Model is found.
Published: 1993

48. A test of the flavour independence of the strong interaction for five flavours

Author: James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, J. W. Gary, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Andris Skuja, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, P. A. Elcombe, G. Beaudoin, Tohru Takeshita, Gregor Herten, Gideon Bella, J. Becker, Sachio Komamiya, Otmar Biebel, C. Wahl, P. M. Hattersley, B. Wilkens, H. J. Burckhart, Georges Azuelos, P. Igo-Kemenes, F. C. Grant, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, M. A. Whalley, F. Scharf, Jacqueline Batley, K. Stephens, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, Shlomo Dado, Madjid Boutemeur, J. F. Kral, J. R. McNutt, F. S. Merritt, H. Mes, K. W. Bell, I. P. Duerdoth, Max Weber, J. E. Pilcher, R. Lahmann, J. C. Hill, D. C. Imrie, H. Deng, R. Humbert, X. C. Lou, H. Jeremie, Misao Sasaki, B. C. Shen, M. Hansroul, C. Y. Chang, N. I. Geddes, R.J. Akers, Giora Mikenberg, G. P. Siroli, J. King, A. K. Honma, R. E. Hughes-Jones, A. Buijs, U. Maur, D. M. Strom, Christoph Schwick, W. R. Gibson, P. G. Estabrooks, W. G. Scott, B. Boden, M. F. Turner, O. Schaile, B. Poli, T. P. Kokott, C. Stegmann, A. Luig, J. M. Lorah, R. K. Keeler, V. Gibson, J. A. McKenna, Norbert Wermes, A. Beck, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, G. Quast, R. Kowalewski, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, E. do Couto e Silva, W. Mohr, Lorne Levinson, John Baines, M. J. Losty, R. Bartoldus, P. M. Watkins, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, A. Skillman, P. Weber, A. Gaidot, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, R. Mir, H. Przysiezniak, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, M. Hauschild, D. E. Plane, Margret Fincke-Keeler, M. Fierro, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, T. Wlodek, G. T. Zorn, M. Sproston, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, Silvia Arcelli, Matthias Schröder, G. J. VanDDalen, B. Fabbro, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, E. Lefebvre, P. Poffenberger, J. Banks, M. J. Oreglia, J. Kroll, J. C. Clayton, B. Panzer-Steindel, A. M. Rossi, P. Pfister, F. Odorici, T. Hilse, F. X. Gentit, H. Lafoux, D. J.P. Dumas, T. Tsukamoto, H. M. Fischer, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, N. J. Tresilian, O. Runolfsson, P. S. Wells, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, M. Mori, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, Terry Richard Wyatt, Peter R Hobson, C. Beeston, R. D. Heuer, M. Coupland, C. Moisan, Claudio Grandi, Gideon Alexander, P. Routenburg, M. Yurko, G. A. Beck, Fabrizio Fabbri, J. M. Roney, A. Astbury, S. A. Robins, P. W. Jeffreys, Paolo Capiluppi, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. Van den plas, U. Müller, M. Jones, A. J. Martin, B. Schmitt, D. Pitman, P. Bright-Thomas, G. Giacomelli, J. Hart, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, M. H. Lehto, G. Yukutieli, J. D. Gillies, P. Ma:attig, M. A. Thomson, P. Schenk, A. Yeaman, S. Barnett, J. von Krogh, T. G. Shears, Claude Leroy, N. K. Watson, J. Steuerer, R. J. Barlow, D. Hochman, J. P. Pansart, C. K. Hargrove, M. S. Dixit, D. J. Miller, Frans Meijers, D. M. Gingrich, Dave Robinson, P. F. Harrison, P. E.L. Clarke, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, Stephen Lloyd, J. P. Martin, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, P. Berlich, J. Lauber, R. Yaari, M. Tecchio, S. Bethke, S. De Jong, Marco Cuffiani, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, Michael Dittmar, D. R. Rust, S. L. Chu, Ehud Duchovni, R. J. Hemingway, Erez Etzion, M. Jimack, P. Jovanovic, H. Ihssen, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, A. M. Lee, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, J. G. Layter, John Hobbs, Alessandro Montanari, J. E. Conboy, A. A. Carter, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, Roger Jones, T. Kobayashi, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, R. Van Kooten, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, M. G. Rison, J. Hagemann, R. P. Middleton, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, Gunter Wolf, T. J. McMahon, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, J. A. Wilson, S. Wotton, W. Schappert, D. A. Hinshaw, J. Goldberg, T. Behnke, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, T. W. Pritchard, A. D. Schaile, V. H. Winterer, G. E. Richard, C. Jui, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, M. Foucher, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, T. J. Smith, Gordon H. Hanson, M. W. Redmond, John Allison, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, A. Rollnik, and R. Giacomelli
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Strange quark, Particle physics, Muon, Annihilation, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Strong interaction, Charge (physics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a measurement of the ratio of the strong coupling constants$\alpha _s (M_{Z^0 } )$ for various data samples with different quark flavour compositions obtained frome+e− annihilation at LEP. We select events with muons, electrons, andD*± mesons from charm and bottom decays, events with highly energeticKs0 mesons originating predominantly from strange quarks, and events with highly energetic stable charged particles from a combination of up, down and strange quarks. From the jet production rates in these events we obtain from these samples the relative value of αs for the individual quark flavours as $$\begin{gathered} \frac{{\alpha _s^b }}{{\alpha _s^{udsc} }} = 1.017 \pm 0.036,\frac{{\alpha _s^c }}{{\alpha _s^{udsb} }} = 0.918 \pm 0.115, \hfill \\ \frac{{\alpha _s^s }}{{\alpha _s^{udcb} }} = 1.158 \pm 0.164,\frac{{\alpha _s^{uds} }}{{\alpha _s^{cb} }} = 1.038 \pm 0.221, \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ with quadratically combined statistical and systematic errors. We also compare the αs values for quarks of diffrent weak isospin, charge and generation. No evidence for a dependence of αs on any of these quark properties is observed. Finally, combining all samples and determining the αsf/αsincl ratio for each flavour, we do not find any dependence of the strong coupling constant on flavour.
Published: 1993

49. Studies of strong and electroweak interactions using final state photon emission in hadronicZ 0 decays

Author: B. C. Shen, Gideon Bella, A. K. Honma, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, W. G. Scott, V. Gibson, G. Quast, Tara Shears, John Baines, R. Kowalewski, Horst Breuker, M. J. Losty, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, T. J. Smith, M. Morii, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, Peter R Hobson, P. Mättig, H. O. Ogren, R. Mir, I. J. Bloodworth, P. S. Wells, James Pinfold, T. Mouthuy, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, G. P. Siroli, P. A. Elcombe, Christoph Schwick, Terry Richard Wyatt, S. Barnett, P. Taras, J. Mildenberger, M. Settles, M. Coupland, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, D. G. Fong, Sachio Komamiya, Harold Nguyen, G. T. Zorn, G. Beaudoin, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, E. Ros, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, A. Astbury, Mitsuaki Nozaki, M. J. Oreglia, M. Foucher, O. Ganel, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, A. J. Martin, J. Becker, J. Goldberg, A. M. Rossi, C. K. Hargrove, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, F. Odorici, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, M. Hauschild, Shlomo Dado, J. W. Gary, T. Tsukamoto, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, S. Levegrün, G. J. VanDalen, G. W. Wilson, J. C. Clayton, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, X. C. Lou, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, Tohru Takeshita, H. G. Evans, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Giora Mikenberg, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, H. Jeremie, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, Georges Azuelos, C. M. Hawkes, P. E.L. Clarke, J. Steuerer, Andris Skuja, M. Cooper, P. Singh, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, Erez Etzion, G. E. Richards, Daniel Lellouch, D. L. Wagner, C. Jui, Tetsuro Mashimo, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, Peter Sherwood, H. Deng, R. Humbert, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, P. G. Estabrooks, Max Weber, S. W. O'Neale, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, N. I. Geddes, R. W. L. Jones, K. J. Anderson, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, Takehiko Mori, H. Mes, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, M. Hansroul, J. Hagemann, E. do Couto e Silva, I. P. Duerdoth, M. W. Redmond, W. Gorn, Richard Keeler, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, R. P. Middleton, F. G. Oakham, P. M. Watkins, B. Boden, P. Weber, A. Yeaman, B. Poli, Norbert Wermes, J. Kroll, P. Bock, B. Panzer-Steindel, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, M. Jobes, U. Binder, J. M. Lorah, P. Scharff-Hansen, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, D. L. Rees, T. Kawamoto, J. Hart, O. Schaile, F. X. Gentit, P. Poffenberger, S. Wotton, R. J. Homer, H. M. Fischer, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, J. D. Gillies, A. Michelini, J. E. Conboy, W. Mohr, J. Banks, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, Silvia Arcelli, A. C. Janissen, M. Jimack, John Allison, R. Yaari, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, A. D. Schaile, N. J. Tresilian, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, N. K. Watson, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, M. A. Thomson, A. M. Smith, G. A. Beck, D. G. Charton, R. J. Barlow, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, R. D. Heuer, P. Teixeira-Dias, Fabrizio Fabbri, A. Gaidot, R. G. Kellogg, D. J. Miller, A. Pouladdej, D. Van den plas, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, P. M. Hattersley, D. R. Rust, B. Schmitt, H. M. Bosch, S. L. Chu, J. M. Roney, P. Routenburg, James Letts, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Margret Fincke-Keeler, F. Lamarche, V. H. Winterer, F. S. Merritt, D. A. Hinshaw, R. J. Hemingway, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, T. Behnke, P. Jovanovic, J. A. McKenna, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, R. F. McGowan, G. A. Bahn, John Hobbs, P. Berlich, Alessandro Montanari, L. Köpke, W. J. Collins, C. Wahl, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, J. E. Pilcher, T. W. Pritchard, S. Schreiber, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, R. Van Kooten, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, A. M. Lee, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, P. Bright-Thomas, G. M. Dallavalle, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, P. F. Harrison, T. Hilse, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, O. Runolfsson, M. Tecchio, Phillip Allport, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Claudio Grandi, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, P. Pfister, J. G. Layter, J. P. Martin, S. De Jong, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, K. Stephens, and J. R. McNutt
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Hadron, Electroweak interaction, Type (model theory), Jet (particle physics), Standard Model, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The cross section and jet rates ofZ0 decays into photons and quarks are compared with matrix element Monte Carlos ofO(ααs). Good agreement is found between data and theoretical predictions. From the ratio of events with three jets plus a photon to those with two jets plus a photon, αs in first order is determined to be 0.176±0.010. Combining the cross section of final state photon events with the LEP average hadronic partial decay width of theZ0, the widths of theZ0 into up and down type quarks can be calculated. The results $$\begin{gathered} \Gamma _{u - type} = 242 \pm 46MeV; \hfill \\ \Gamma _{d - type} = 419 \pm 30MeV \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ are in good agreement with the standard model expectation. A comparison of the measured cross section as a function ofycut with predictions of QCD shower models shows that, at the current level of accuracy ARIADNE and, to a lesser extent, HERWIG and JETSET can reproduce the measurement.
Published: 1993

50. Search for massive, unstable photinos that violate R parity

Author: R. Bartoldus, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, H. O. Ogren, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, B. C. Shen, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, M. Yurko, G. Beaudoin, P. Poffenberger, James Pinfold, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, Erez Etzion, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Silvia Arcelli, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, A. K. Honma, P. W. Jeffreys, Stefan Kluth, M. Jones, Richard Keeler, Shlomit Tarem, Gideon Bella, W. G. Scott, G. Giacomelli, G. T. Zorn, Shlomo Dado, S. L. Chu, R. Kowalewski, Otmar Biebel, Peter Sherwood, G. E. Richards, J. Hart, T. J. Smith, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. D. Gillies, R.J. Akers, B. Schmitt, J. W. Gary, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, J. C. Clayton, R. J. Barlow, J. Kroll, P. Schenk, O. Schaile, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, P. Igo-Kemenes, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, P. Bright-Thomas, H. Jeremie, D. J. Miller, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, M. J. Losty, F. X. Gentit, X. C. Lou, Giora Mikenberg, C. Jui, J. E. Conboy, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, P. Mättig, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, U. Maur, I. J. Bloodworth, R. P. Middleton, H. Deng, R. Humbert, N. I. Geddes, A. Pouladdej, F. Odorici, R. Lahmann, J. G. Layter, M. Hansroul, P. Scharff-Hansen, D. A. Hinshaw, D. C. Imrie, J. Goldberg, B. Boden, B. Poli, Gregor Herten, J. M. Roney, M. Settles, Norbert Wermes, A. D. Schaile, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, B. Nellen, F. S. Merritt, C. Wahl, M. Morii, E. do Couto e Silva, M. Foucher, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Tohru Takeshita, H. M. Fischer, G. A. Snow, B. Wilkens, C. P. Ward, A. M. Smith, H. Takeda, P. Leblanc, John Hobbs, Peter R Hobson, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, R. J. Homer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, D. L. Rees, F. G. Oakham, Madjid Boutemeur, G. W. Wilson, V. H. Winterer, T. Behnke, R. Mir, G. P. Siroli, Georges Azuelos, G. Vasseur, Margret Fincke-Keeler, B. Lorazo, J. E. Pilcher, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, H. Przysiezniak, Andris Skuja, Christoph Schwick, F. Lamarche, P. G. Estabrooks, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, S. A. Robins, M. Fierro, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, J. P. Martin, R. J. Hemingway, J. A. McKenna, M. Hauschild, Tetsuro Mashimo, Takehiko Mori, P. Pfister, P. E.L. Clarke, P. S. Wells, P. M. Watkins, H. G. Evans, S. Barnett, M. J. Oreglia, J. Steuerer, S. De Jong, Max Weber, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, M. J. Goodrick, D. Menszner, T. Hilse, Randall Sobie, I. Cohen, G. D. Lafferty, Terry Richard Wyatt, O. Runolfsson, W. Gorn, B. Fabbro, A. Yeaman, B. Panzer-Steindel, J. C. Hill, N. K. Watson, Misao Sasaki, Alessandro Montanari, J. R. Carter, T. W. Pritchard, G. N. Patrick, C. Beeston, M. Coupland, Claudio Grandi, D. Hochman, Sachio Komamiya, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, E. Ros, Gunter Wolf, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, P. M. Hattersley, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, R. Yaari, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, K. Stephens, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. F. Harrison, J. R. McNutt, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, Ehud Duchovni, S. Wotton, M. Jimack, P. Weber, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, C. J. Virtue, V. Gibson, G. Quast, John Baines, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, A. Astbury, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, John Allison, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Gordon H. Hanson, M. W. Redmond, C. K. Hargrove, Matthias Schröder, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, Tara Shears, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, L. Köpke, D. R. Rust, A. M. Lee, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, C. Sbarra, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, Roger Jones, R. Van Kooten, R. E. Hughes-Jones, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, A. Skillman, M. A. Thomson, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, P. A. Elcombe, J. Becker, G. J. VanDalen, J. M. Lorah, and W. Mohr
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Magnetic moment, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Supersymmetry, Parameter space, lcsh:QC1-999, Nuclear physics, R-parity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Photino, Particle Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Physics, Lepton
Abstract: A search for unstable, massive photinos pair produced in e + e − collisions has been performed using the OPAL detector at LEP. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 21 pb −1 collected at center-of-mass energies near the Z 0 resonance. The unstable photino is assumed to decay into τ ± / gn l ( l = e or μ ) final states, thereby violating individual lepton numbers and R parity. This search is inspired by a particular model of supersymmetry which is of interest within the context of solar neutrino experiments because it allows for a large neutrino magnetic moment. The present search excludes a large portion of the parameter space allowed by the model.
Published: 1993

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