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Annals of hematology 101(11), 2533-2536 (2022). doi:10.1007/s00277-022-04975-9, Published by Springer, Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York

ZusammenfassungDas heterogene klinische Erscheinungsbild, die häufig assoziierte Hypersensibilität mit erschwerter Anästhesierbarkeit sowie der reduzierte adhäsive Verbund von Zähnen mit Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) stellen die Zahnärzte bei der Behandlung der betroffenen Patienten vor diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden diese Herausforderungen diskutiert und spezifische Therapieansätze vorgeschlagen. Des Weiteren werden Faktoren dargelegt, die die Einschätzung der Prognose der von MIH betroffenen Zähne erleichtern.

Strong light fields have created opportunities to tailor novel functionalities of solids1,2,3,4,5. Floquet–Bloch states can form under periodic driving of electrons and enable exotic quantum phases6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15. On subcycle timescales, lightwaves can simultaneously drive intraband currents16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29 and interband transitions18,19,30,31, which enable high-harmonic generation16,18,19,21,22,25,28,29,30 and pave the way towards ultrafast electronics. Yet, the interplay of intraband and interband excitations and their relation to Floquet physics have been key open questions as dynamical aspects of Floquet states have remained elusive. Here we provide this link by visualizing the ultrafast build-up of Floquet–Bloch bands with time-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We drive surface states on a topological insulator32,33 with mid-infrared fields—strong enough for high-harmonic generation—and directly monitor the transient band structure with subcycle time resolution. Starting with strong intraband currents, we observe how Floquet sidebands emerge within a single optical cycle; intraband acceleration simultaneously proceeds in multiple sidebands until high-energy electrons scatter into bulk states and dissipation destroys the Floquet bands. Quantum non-equilibrium calculations explain the simultaneous occurrence of Floquet states with intraband and interband dynamics. Our joint experiment and theory study provides a direct time-domain view of Floquet physics and explores the fundamental frontiers of ultrafast band-structure engineering.

Tetraselmis striata CTP4 is a euryhaline, robust, fast-growing microalga suitable for wastewater treatment and industrial production. Lipid production was induced through a two-stage cultivation strategy: a 1st stage under standard growth-promoting conditions (100 mu mol photons m- 2 s- 1, salinity 36 ppt and 20 degrees C) to achieve high biomass concentration and a 2nd stage of 6 days for lipid induction by the application of abiotic stresses such as nutrient depletion, high light intensity (200 and 400 mu mol photons m- 2 s- 1), high salinity (75 and 100 ppt), and extreme temperatures (5 and 35 degrees C). Although nutrient depletion always resulted in a decrease in biomass productivity, it had also the highest impact on lipid induction. The highest lipid content (43.2%) and lipid productivity (29.2 mg L-1 d-1) were obtained using a combination of nutrient depletion and high light intensity (400 mu mol m- 2 s- 1). The fatty acid profile was mainly composed of C16:0 (palmitic), C18:1 (oleic) and C18:2 (linoleic) acids. The low content of unsaturated fatty acids and absence of C18:3 (linolenic) acid render the oil of this microalga suitable for biodiesel production, a renewable source of energy. LA/P/0101/2020 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background: To assess the effect of individualized oral health care training (IndOHCT) administered to 6–16-year-old psychiatric in-patients on dental plaque removal. Methods: 74 in-patients with mental health disorders (49 males) aged 6–16 years with a mean age of 10.4 ± 2.3 years, were randomly divided into two equal groups. At the start of hospitalization, one calibrated dentist assessed the oral health status in the hospital setting. In-patients of the intervention group (IG) received IndOHCT, while those of the control group (CG) got an information flyer. Dental plaque was assessed by the Turesky modified Quigley-Hein-Index (TI) at the start (t0) and at the end of hospitalization before (t1a) and after (t1b) autonomous tooth brushing. Results: During hospitalisation, the TI was reduced in both groups (t0→t1a: IG = −0.1; CG = −0.2, p = 0.71). However, in-patients receiving IndOHCT achieved significantly higher plaque reduction rates than the controls when plaque values before and after autonomous tooth brushing were compared (t1a→t1b: IG = −1.0; CG = −0.8; p = 0.02). The effect size (ES) demonstrates the efficacy of IndOHCT (ES = 0.53), especially in children with mixed dentition (ES = 0.89). Conclusions: IndOHCT enabled hospitalized children and adolescents with mental health disorders to achieve a better plaque reduction by tooth brushing but failed to improve self-controlled routine oral hygiene.

The KIT D816V mutation is found in >80% of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) and is key to neoplastic mast cell (MC) expansion and accumulation in affected organs. Therefore, KIT D816V represents a prime therapeutic target for SM. Here, we generated a panel of patient-specific KIT D816V induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with aggressive SM and mast cell leukemia to develop a patient-specific SM disease model for mechanistic and drug-discovery studies. KIT D816V iPSCs differentiated into neoplastic hematopoietic progenitor cells and MCs with patient-specific phenotypic features, thereby reflecting the heterogeneity of the disease. CRISPR/Cas9n-engineered KIT D816V human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), when differentiated into hematopoietic cells, recapitulated the phenotype observed for KIT D816V iPSC hematopoiesis. KIT D816V causes constitutive activation of the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor, and we exploited our iPSCs and ESCs to investigate new tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting KIT D816V. Our study identified nintedanib, a US Food and Drug Administration–approved angiokinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor, as a novel KIT D816V inhibitor. Nintedanib selectively reduced the viability of iPSC-derived KIT D816V hematopoietic progenitor cells and MCs in the nanomolar range. Nintedanib was also active on primary samples of KIT D816V SM patients. Molecular docking studies show that nintedanib binds to the adenosine triphosphate binding pocket of inactive KIT D816V. Our results suggest nintedanib as a new drug candidate for KIT D816V–targeted therapy of advanced SM.

Hybrid designs with the combination of metal and long fiber reinforced thermoplastics (LFT) offer a great opportunity to reduce component weight for automotive applications. Production costs are typically high due to complex processes and challenging end machining. A complete manufacturing process chain for simultaneous hybrid design production is presented. Hybrid forming, a manufacturing process combining metal sheet forming, LFT compression molding and bonding, was developed to manufacture an automotive lightweight component, finally end machined by innovative waterjet techniques. Besides optimizing waterjet end machining strategies, waterjet controlled-depth machining was used to remove LFT material selectively, resulting in increased hybrid production flexibility.

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining has proven to be one of the most flexible non-conventional production techniques for difficult-to-machine materials. However, the prediction of process results is challenging since multiple physical processes occur simultaneously. Until now, the use of alternative abrasive material for special applications has received limited attention. In this work, different solid materials of altered shape and mechanical properties were used to analyze the physical phenomena experimentally. A ceramic and a steel abrasive material of either circular or angular geometry were used. The experiments were conducted by AWJ controlled-depth machining on 42CrMo4 steel in various structural modifications regarding the interference of particle interactions. Furthermore the study aims to gain a fundamental understanding of the AWJ erosion process of different abrasive grit for a better prediction and optimization of AWJ machining, in particular for future applications.

Cells : open access journal 11(9), 1504 (2022). doi:10.3390/cells11091504, Published by MDPI, Basel

21. CIRP Conference on Electro Physical and Chemical Machining, ISEM XXI, Zurich, Switzerland, 14 Jun 2022 - 17 Jun 2022; Procedia CIRP 113, 519-524 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.procir.2022.09.170 special issue: "21st CIRP Conference on Electro Physical and Chemical Machining, ISEM XXI : June, 14 to 17, 2022 in Zurich / Edited by Konrad Wegener, Stefan Fabbro, Paulo Matheus Borges", Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

The nutritional composition and productivity of halophytes is strongly related to the biotic/abiotic stress to which these extremophile salt tolerant plants are subjected during their cultivation cycle. In this study, two commercial halophyte species (Inula crithmoides and Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum) were cultivated at six levels of salinity using a soilless cultivation system. In this way, it was possible to understand the response mechanisms of these halophytes to salt stress. The relative productivity decreased from the salinities of 110 and 200 mmol L−1 upwards for I. crithmoides and M.&nbsp, nodiflorum, respectively. Nonetheless, the nutritional profile for human consumption remained balanced. In general, I. crithmoides vitamin (B1 and B6) contents were significantly higher than those of M. nodiflorum. For both species, β-carotene and lutein were induced by salinity, possibly as a response to oxidative stress. Phenolic compounds were more abundant in plants cultivated at lower salinities, while the antioxidant activity increased as a response to salt stress. Sensory characteristics were evaluated by a panel of culinary chefs showing a preference for plants grown at the salt concentration of 350 mmol L−1. In summary, salinity stress was effective in boosting important nutritional components in these species, and the soilless system promotes the sustainable and safe production of halophyte plants for human consumption.

Microalgae have become a promising novel and sustainable feedstock for meeting the rising demand for food and feed. However, microalgae-based products are currently hindered by high production costs. One major reason for this is that commonly cultivated wildtype strains do not possess the robustness and productivity required for successful industrial production. Several strain improvement technologies have been developed towards creating more stress tolerant and productive strains. While classical methods of forward genetics have been extensively used to determine gene function of randomly generated mutants, reverse genetics has been explored to generate specific mutations and target phenotypes. Site-directed mutagenesis can be accomplished by employing different gene editing tools, which enable the generation of tailor-made genotypes. Nevertheless, strategies promoting the selection of randomly generated mutants avoid the introduction of foreign genetic material. In this paper, we review different microalgal strain improvement approaches and their applications, with a primary focus on random mutagenesis. Current challenges hampering strain improvement, selection, and commercialization will be discussed. The combination of these approaches with high-throughput technologies, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as tools to select the most promising mutants, will also be discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Microalgae are considered a promising resource of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other functional biomolecules for food and feed markets. Competitive drying solutions are required to meet future demands for high-quality algal biomass while ensuring proper preservation at reduced costs. Since often used drying methods, such as freeze or spray drying, are energy and time consuming, more sustainable processes remain to be developed. This study tested an indirect and hybrid solar dryer as an alternative to conventional freeze drying of industrially produced Tetraselmis chui and Nannochloropsis oceanica wet paste. The effects of the drying method on biomass quality parameters, including biochemical profiles, functional properties, and microbial safety, were assessed. No significant differences were found between the applied drying technologies for total proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and fatty acid profiles. On the other hand, some pigments showed significant differences, displaying up to 44.5% higher contents in freeze-dried samples. Minor differences were also registered in the mineral profiles (

18th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations, CMMO, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 15 Jun 2021 - 17 Jun 2021; Procedia CIRP 102, 387-392 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.09.066 special issue: "18th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations (CMMO), Ljubljana, Slovenia, June 15-17, 2021 / Edited by Edvard Govekar, Franci Pušavec, Rok Vrabic", Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Aim This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of commonly used caries detection methods for proximal caries diagnostics. Visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BWR), laser fluorescence (LF), and fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI) were considered in detail. Material and methods PRISMA guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were applied. The mnemonic PIRDS (problem, index test, reference test, diagnostic and study type) concept was used to guide the literature search. Next, studies that met the inclusion criteria were stepwise selected and evaluated for their quality with a risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool. Studies with low/moderate bias and sufficient reporting were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated. Results From 129 studies meeting the selection criteria, 31 in vitro studies and five clinical studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The AUC values for in vitro VE amounted to 0.84 (caries detection) and 0.85 (dentin caries detection). BWR ranged in vitro from 0.55 to 0.82 (caries detection) and 0.81–0.92 (dentin caries detection). LF showed higher AUC values for overall caries detection (0.91) and dentin caries detection (0.83) than did other methods. Clinical data are limited. Conclusion The number of diagnostic studies with low/moderate RoB was found to be low and indicates a need for high-quality, well-designed caries diagnostic studies. Clinical relevance BWR and LF showed good diagnostic performance on proximal surfaces. However, because of the low number of includable clinical studies, these data should be interpreted with caution.

In this study, two carotenoid-rich strains of the euryhaline microalga Tetraselmis striata CTP4 were isolated by random mutagenesis combined with selection via fluorescence activated cell sorting and growth on norflurazon. Both strains, ED5 and B11, showed an up to 1.5-fold increase in carotenoid contents as compared with the wildtype, independent of the growth conditions. More specifically, violaxanthin, beta-carotene and lutein contents reached as high as 1.63, 4.20 and 3.81 mg g-1 DW, respectively. Genes coding for phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, lycopene-beta-cyclase and epsilon-ring hydroxylase involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were found to be upregulated in ED5 and B11 cells as compared to the wildtype. Both strains showed higher contents of eicosapentaenoic acid as compared with those of the wildtype, reaching up to 4.41 and 2.88 mg g-1 DW, respectively. Overall, these results highlight the complexity of changes in carotenoid biosynthesis regulation that are required to improve pigment contents in microalgae. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Summary Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are driver mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), leading to activation of the thrombopoietin receptor and causing abnormal megakaryopoiesis. Here, we generated patient-derived CALRins5- or CALRdel52-positive induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to establish an MPN disease model for molecular and mechanistic studies. We demonstrated myeloperoxidase deficiency in granulocytic cells derived from homozygous CALR mutant iPSCs, rescued by repairing the mutation using CRISPR/Cas9. iPSC-derived megakaryocytes showed characteristics of primary megakaryocytes such as formation of demarcation membrane system and cytoplasmic pro-platelet protrusions. Importantly, CALR mutations led to enhanced megakaryopoiesis and accelerated megakaryocytic development in a thrombopoietin-independent manner. Mechanistically, our study identified differentially regulated pathways in mutated versus unmutated megakaryocytes, such as hypoxia signaling, which represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Altogether, we demonstrate key aspects of mutated CALR-driven pathogenesis dependent on its zygosity, and found novel therapeutic targets, making our model a valuable tool for clinical drug screening in MPNs., Graphical abstract, Highlights • CALR-mutated iPSCs allow efficient modeling of human MPN disease • CRISPR-mediated repair of CALR mutations rescues normal iPSC function • Megakaryopoiesis in CALR-mutated iPSCs is hyperplastic and accelerated • Transcriptome screen of mutated megakaryocytes identifies novel therapeutic options, In this article, Koschmieder and colleagues establish a novel MPN patient-specific iPSC model to investigate the impact of calreticulin (CALR) frameshift mutations in hematopoiesis. They report hyperplastic and accelerated megakaryopoiesis caused by CALR mutations. RNA sequencing of iPSC-derived megakaryocytes highlights transcriptomic differences between mutated and unmutated megakaryocytes, such as upregulation of hypoxia-related pathways.

In the recent decades abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining has been successfully established as a highly flexible, non-conventional production technique with significant productivity advantages for hard-to-machine materials. However, the remaining challenging issue with this technology is how to control the influencing factors affecting the erosion process. For AWJ machining, the abrasive grit interaction is considered to be the most important factor during the erosion process. To attain a more profound understanding of the AWJ erosion process, the physical phenomena of grit interaction on the machining result need to be investigated. Therefore, diverse abrasive grit of individual shape and mechanical properties were used in the course of the experiments with subsequent visual analyses of the machining results supplemented by residual stress measurements. This study has identified essential process mechanisms required for the modeling of AWJ machining operations.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential compounds for human health, being responsible for a series of biological processes including reduction of inflammation and prevention of neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Because they are not naturally produced by vertebrates, they need to be present in the diet. Microalgae are rich in PUFAs being able to accumulate from 20% to 50% of their dry weight in lipids. Moreover, some species have demonstrated high potential for food purposes, accumulating eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic, two n-3 PUFAs that are in great demand. The lipid concentration and fatty acid profile of microalgae can be modulated as a lipid increase can be induced by stress conditions applied to cultivations, including the limitation of nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus), and increased temperature, salinity, and/or light intensity. Additional strategies can be used for the development of improved microalgal strains; natural populations can be enriched in subpopulations of spontaneously mutated cells or in which random mutations have been induced to produce strains with improved lipid or, more specifically, PUFA contents. Despite these advantages, the use of microalgae as sources of edible lipids still presents some constraints as mass production of microalgae for food purposes is expensive, requiring the use of closed photobioreactors to avoid contamination. Furthermore, lipid induction strategies often impair growth, forcing the use of two-stage growth approaches that can be difficult to implement at an industrial scale. Due to the difficulties in the scaling-up process, more efficient methods for microalgal harvesting and lipid extraction are needed. Despite all these issues, some products can already be found in the market, mainly as nutritional supplements in the forms of capsules and tablets of whole biomass, or as cooking oils and food flavorants.

Stem cell research 60, 102732 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.scr.2022.102732, Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

As the periodic emission of light pulses by light emitting diodes (LEDs) is known to stimulate growth or induce high value biocompounds in microalgae, this flashing light regime was tested on growth and biochemical composition of the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana, Koliella antarctica and Tetraselmis chui. At low flashing light frequencies (e.g., 5 and 50 Hz, Duty cycle = 0.05), a strain-dependent growth inhibition and an accumulation of protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chlorophyll or carotenoids (lutein, β-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin) was observed. In addition, a 4-day application of low-frequency flashing light to concentrated cultures increased productivities of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and specific carotenoids up to three-fold compared to continuous or high frequency flashing light (500 Hz, Duty cycle = 0.05). Therefore, applying low-frequency flashing light as finishing step in industrial production can increase protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids or pigment contents in biomass, leading to high-value algal products.

TheKITD816V mutation is found in more than 80% of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) and is key to neoplastic mast cell (MC) expansion and accumulation in affected organs.KITD816V therefore represents a prime therapeutic target for SM. Here we generated a panel of patient-specificKITD816V induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with aggressive SM (ASM) and mast cell leukemia (MCL) to develop a patient-specific SM disease model for mechanistic and drug discovery studies.KITD816V iPSCs differentiated into neoplastic hematopoietic progenitor cells and MCs with patient-specific phenotypic features, thereby reflecting the heterogeneity of the disease. CRISPR/Cas9n-engineeredKITD816V human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), when differentiated into hematopoietic cells, recapitulated the phenotype observed forKITD816V iPSC hematopoiesis.KITD816V causes constitutive activation of the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor and we exploited our iPSCs and ESCs to investigate new tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting KIT D816V. Our study identified nintedanib as a novel KIT D816V inhibitor. Nintedanib selectively reduced the viability of iPSC-derivedKITD816V hematopoietic progenitor cells and MCs in the nanomolar range. Nintedanib was also active on primary samples of KIT D816V SM patients. Molecular docking studies show that nintedanib binds to the ATP binding pocket of inactive KIT D816V. Our results suggest nintedanib as a new drug candidate for KIT D816V targeted therapy of advanced SM.

Microalgae are widely used as food supplements due to their high protein content, essential fatty acids and amino acids as well as carotenoids. The addition of microalgal biomass to food products (e.g., baked confectioneries) is a common strategy to attract novel consumers. However, organoleptic factors such as color, taste and smell can be decisive for the acceptability of foods supplemented with microalgae. The aim of this work was to develop chlorophyll-deficient mutants of Chlorella vulgaris by chemically induced random mutagenesis to obtain biomass with different pigmentations for nutritional applications. Using this strategy, two C. vulgaris mutants with yellow (MT01) and white (MT02) color were successfully isolated, scaled up and characterized. The changes in color of MT01 and MT02 mutant strains were due to an 80 and 99% decrease in their chlorophyll contents, respectively, as compared to the original wild type (WT) strain. Under heterotrophic growth, MT01 showed a growth performance similar to that of the WT, reaching a concentration of 5.84 and 6.06 g L-1, respectively, whereas MT02 displayed slightly lower growth (4.59 g L-1). When grown under a light intensity of 100 μmol m-2 s-1, the pigment content in MT01 increased without compromising growth, while MT02 was not able to grow under this light intensity, a strong indication that it became light-sensitive. The yellow color of MT01 in the dark was mainly due to the presence of the xanthophyll lutein. On the other hand, phytoene was the only carotenoid detected in MT02, which is known to be colorless. Concomitantly, MT02 contained the highest protein content, reaching 48.7% of DW, a 60% increase as compared to the WT. MT01 exhibited a 30% increase when compared to that of the WT, reaching a protein content of 39.5% of DW. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that the partial abrogation of pigment biosynthesis is a factor that might promote higher protein contents in this species. Moreover, because of their higher protein and lower chlorophyll contents, the MT01 and MT02 strains are likely candidates to be feedstocks for the development of novel, innovative food supplements and foods. FCT: UIDB/04085/2020 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Bioprospection of novel autochthonous strains is key to the successful industrial-scale production of microalgal biomass. A novel Chlorococcum strain was recently isolated from a pond inside the industrial production facility of Allmicroalgae (Leiria, Portugal). Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences suggests that this isolate is a novel, free-living Oophila amblystomatis strain. However, as our phylogenetic data strongly suggests that the aforementioned taxon belongs to the genus Chlorococcum, it is here proposed to rename this species as Chlorococcum amblystomatis. In order to characterize the biotechnological potential of this novel isolate, growth performance and biochemical composition were evaluated from the pilot (2.5-m3) to industrial (10-m3) scale. The highest maximum areal productivity (36.56 g&middot, m&minus, 2&middot, day&minus, 1) was reached in a 10-m3 tubular photobioreactor (PBR), as compared to that obtained in a 2.5-m3 PBR (26.75 g&middot, 1). Chlorococcum amblystomatis displayed high protein content (48%&ndash, 56% dry weight (DW)) and moderate levels of total lipids (18%&ndash, 31% DW), carbohydrates (6%&ndash, 18% DW) and ashes (9%&ndash, 16% DW). Furthermore, the lipid profile was dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The highest pigment contents were obtained in the 2.5-m3 PBR, where total chlorophylls accounted for 40.24 mg&middot, g&minus, 1 DW, followed by lutein with 5.37 mg&middot, 1 DW. Overall, this free-living Chlorococcum amblystomatis strain shows great potential for nutritional applications, coupling a promising growth performance with a high protein content as well as relevant amounts of PUFAs, chlorophyll, and carotenoids.

De novo pathogenic variants in CNOT3 have recently been reported in a developmental delay disorder (intellectual developmental disorder with speech delay, autism, and dysmorphic facies [IDDSADF, OMIM: #618672]). The patients present with a variable degree of developmental delay and behavioral problems. To date, all reported disease-causing variants occurred de novo and no parent-child transmission was observed. We report for the first time autosomal dominant transmissions of the CNOT3-associated developmental disorder in two unrelated families. The clinical characteristics in our patients match the IDDSADF features reported so far and suggest substantial variability of the phenotype within the same family.

Microalgal biotechnology has gained increasing attention over the last few decades as a next-generation driver for obtaining food, feed and biofuels and to carry out bioremediation of effluents and CO2 mitigation. Flow cytometry (FC) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) have recently acquired outstanding importance in the development of high-throughput methodologies. For example, bioprospecting novel species using FACS widened the current portfolio of available strains for drug discovery and biomass production in large-scale production systems. Moreover, FACS has recently prompted several approaches for the effective improvement of microalgal strains by means of genetic engineering, serial selection and random mutagenesis. In the upcoming years, routine implementation of FC and FACS is expected to further bring forward the field of microalgal biotechnological research as occurred with mammalian cells in biomedical sciences. This review highlights the recent developments of FACS applications to different biotechnological goals, as well as the principles and details of FACS-based microalgal analysis. In addition, the future perspectives of novel and innovative approaches of FACS applications in microalgal biotechnology are suggested and discussed.

Aim Analysis of the effect of individual structured and qualified feedback (FB) on practical skills development of dental students during clinical courses. Methods Fifty-three final-year dental students at Jena University Hospital participated in this prospective randomised controlled interventional study. Two calibrated assessors evaluated 128 pre- and post-assessments of 4 different dental treatment steps performed by dental students during the integrated clinical course in restorative dentistry and prosthodontics and the clinical course paediatric dentistry. The assessment included direct observation, graded and non-grading evaluation and was documented with a specific FB assessment tool. Dental students in the intervention group (IG) received an elaborated, structured and qualified FB after the pre-assessment that focussed on individual strengths and weaknesses, providing specific suggestions for improvement and establishing a personal learning goal. Participants were randomly allocated to the IG and the control group (CG). Results In both groups, dental students significantly enhanced their performance, but the difference was higher in the IG than in the CG. Large effect sizes (ES) were observed in all observed items, but FB had largest effect size in improving technical skills (ES = 1.6), followed by management (ES = 1.3) and communication skills (ES = 0.8). Factors with the highest influence on FB in enhancing dental students' clinical performance were their insight into their own mistakes or omissions, the observed dental treatment step and the duration of FB. Conclusion Individual structured and qualified FB is an effective method to enhance dental students' professional performances and to individually guide the learning process.

Abrasive water jet (AWJ) milling, often referred to as abrasive water jet milling, has proven to be one of the most flexible non-conventional production techniques for difficult-to-machine materials. Currently no suitable material removal simulation for the water jet milling process is available. A modularized material removal simulation for the AWJ controlled depth machining process has been developed. Because the volume of material removal strongly depends on energy input per unit length of programmed toolpath, undesired deviations of the programmed feed rate like feed rate drops at sharp corners introduced by the water jet machine tool must be considered.

Stem cell research 55, 102490 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.scr.2021.102490, Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Zusammenfassung Ziel Ziel der Studie war die vergleichende Beurteilung der Mundgesundheit von 6–16-jährigen Niedersächsischen (NI) und Thüringer (TH) Schülern mit geistigen Behinderungen (GB) und psychoemotionalen Störungen (PES). Methodik Bei 571 TH Schülern mit GB sowie 118 NI Schülern mit GB und 80 mit PES erfolgte eine Erfassung von Kariesbefall, odontogenen Infektionen, Fissurenversiegelungen (FV) und Parodontalgesundheit. Die Daten wurden mittels altersadjustierter linearer und binär-logistischer Regressionsanalyse verglichen. Ergebnisse Schüler mit PES vereinten die höchste Kariesprävalenz und den höchsten Kariesbefall in beiden Dentitionen sowie die höchste Prävalenz odontogener Infektionen im Milchgebiss. Bei 6–11-Jährigen mit GB unterschied sich die Häufigkeit odontogener Infektionen nicht wesentlich zwischen Thüringen und Niedersachsen. 6–11-jährige NI Schüler mit PES hatten ein mehr als 2-faches Risiko an Karies zu erkranken bzw. odontogene Infektionen zu entwickeln als Gleichaltrige mit GB. Der Sanierungsgrad von NI Schülern mit PES war in beiden Dentitionen und Altersgruppen besser als von Schülern mit GB. Die TH Schüler mit GB wiesen in beiden Dentitionen einen geringeren Kariesbefall und einen höheren Sanierungsgrad auf als die NI Schüler. Im Vergleich zu gesunden Altersgefährten sind Schüler mit GB oder PES in beiden Dentitionen häufiger und schwerer von Karies betroffen. Sie hatten einen geringeren Sanierungsgrad und waren seltener mit FV versorgt. Schlussfolgerung Schüler mit PES oder GB haben einen unbefriedigenden Mundgesundheitsstatus und stellen zahnmedizinische Risikogruppen dar, wobei Schüler mit PES stärker von Karies und odontogenen Infektionen betroffen sind. Der Sanierungsgrad von Schülern mit GB ist im Vergleich zu Schülern mit PES und gesunden Altersgefährten unzureichend und signalisiert die Benachteiligung dieser vulnerablen Patientengruppen.

Microalgae are important sources of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and high-value compounds such as carotenoids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). TAGs are feedstocks for biofuels or edible oils; carotenoids are used as pigments in the food and feed industries; and LC-PUFAs are beneficial for human health, being also key to the correct development of fish in aquaculture. Current trends in microalgal biotechnology propose the combined production of biofuels with high-value compounds to turn large-scale production of microalgal biomass into an economically feasible venture. As TAGs, carotenoids and LC-PUFAs are lipophilic biomolecules, they not only share biosynthetic precursors and storage sinks, but also their regulation often depends on common environmental stimuli. In general, stressful conditions favor carotenoid and TAGs biosynthesis, whereas the highest accumulation of LC-PUFAs is usually obtained under conditions promoting growth. However, there are known exceptions to these general rules, as a few species are able to accumulate LC-PUFAs under low light, low temperature or long-term stress conditions. Thus, future research on how microalgae sense, transduce and respond to environmental stress will be crucial to understand how the biosynthesis and storage of these lipophilic molecules are regulated. The use of high-throughput methods (e.g. fluorescent activated cell sorting) will provide an excellent opportunity to isolate triple-producers, i.e. microalgae able to accumulate high levels of LC-PUFAs, carotenoids and TAGs simultaneously. Comparative transcriptomics between wild type and tripleproducers could then be used to identify key gene products involved in the regulation of these biomolecules even in microalgal species not amenable to reverse genetics. This combined approach could be a major step towards a better understanding of the microalgal metabolism under different stress conditions. Moreover, the generation of triple-producers would be essential to raise the biomass value in a biorefinery setting and contribute to meet the world's rising demand for food, feed and energy. Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) through research programme [CCMAR/Multi/04326/2013] doctoral research grants [SFRH/BD/105541/2014, SFRH/BD/115325/2016] Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [AGL2016-74866-C3-02] CEIMAR Nord University and Nordland County Government project Bioteknologi-en framtidsrettet noering info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A commercial SnO2-based metal oxide gas sensor (UST GGS 1330) operated at a constant temperature of 170 ℃ was evaluated in a frequency range from 40 Hz to 110 MHz using an Agilent 4294A high precision impedance analyzer. The sensor was exposed to carbon monoxide and ethanol at three concentrations each (1, 2 and 5 ppm) and at humidities of 40%rh and 60%rh. After application of the test gas profile, the sensor was repeatedly poisoned with 9.3 ppm of HMDSO for 20 min, and the gas test was repeated up to an overall poisoning dose of 930 ppm min (i.e. five times). Impedance data exhibit characteristic features for the different test gases as well as for sensor poisoning. Using Haar-Wavelet transformation and Adaptive Linear Approximation for feature extraction followed by feature selection with Recursive Feature Elimination Support Vector Machines a total classification rate well above 98% was achieved for test gas type and concentration as well as sensor poisoning state with linear discriminant analysis and a Mahalonobis distance classifier.

Die Herstellung von Verdichterscheiben stellt hohe Ansprüche an die Fertigungstechnik. Neue, schwer zu zerspanende Materialien und Integralkonstruktionen erzeugen eine hohe Komplexität bei der Ausführung. Das Projekt „SchwerSpan“ stellt sich dieser Herausforderung und entwickelt einen Prozess zur Schruppfräsbearbeitung von Verdichterscheiben. Ziel des Projekts ist eine Reduktion der Werkzeugkosten bei erhöhtem Zeitspanvolumen. The production of compressor disks places high demands on the manufacturing technology. A very complex task is created by new difficult-to-cut materials and integral components. The project “SchwerSpan” is taking on this task by developing a machining process for rough milling in the production of compressor disks. The aim of the process is to reduce the tool costs by increasing material removal rate.

Some halophyte plants are currently used in gourmet cuisine due to their unique organoleptic properties. Moreover, they exhibit excellent nutritional and functional properties, being rich in polyphenolics and vitamins. These compounds are associated to strong antioxidant activity and enhanced health benefits. This work compared the nutritional properties and antioxidant potential of three species (Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum, Suaeda maritima and Sarcocornia fruticosa) collected in saltmarshes from Portugal and Spain with those of cultivated plants. the latter were generally more succulent and had higher contents of minerals than plants obtained from the wild and contained less fibre. All species assayed are a good source of proteins, fibres and minerals. Additionally, they are good sources of carotenoids and vitamins A, C and B-6 and showed good antioxidant potential particularly S. maritima. Chromatographic analysis of the phenolic profile revealed that ferulic and caffeic acids as the most relevant phenolic compounds detected in the halophytes tested. XtremeGourmet project [ALG-010247-FEDER-017676] FCT Foundation for Science and TechnologyPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [UIDB/04326/2020] Portuguese National Budget FCTPortuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission [SFRH/BD/123658/2016, SFRH/BD/140143/2018, SFRH/BD/115325/2016, SFRH/BPD/86071/2012, UID/MULTI/00612/2013] info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

International journal of molecular sciences 20(22), 5658 (2019). doi:10.3390/ijms20225658, Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel

In recent years, there has been increasing consumer interest in carotenoids, particularly of marine sustainable origin with applications in the food, cosmeceutical, nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical industries. For instance, microalgae belonging to the genus Tetraselmis are known for their biotechnologically relevant carotenoid profile. The recently isolated marine microalgal strain Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 is a fast-growing, robust industrial strain, which has successfully been produced in 100-m3 photobioreactors. However, there are no reports on total carotenoid contents from this strain belonging to T. striata/convolutae clade. Although there are several reports on extraction methods targeting chlorophytes, extraction depends on the strength of cell coverings, solvent polarity and the nature of the targeted carotenoids. Therefore, this article evaluates different extraction methods targeting Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, a strain known to contain a mechanically resistant theca. Here, we propose a factorial experimental design to compare extraction of total carotenoids from wet and freeze-dried microalgal biomass using four different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol or tetrahydrofuran) in combination with two types of mechanical cell disruption (glass beads or dispersion). The extraction efficiency of the methods was assessed by pigment contents and profiles present in the extracts. Extraction of wet biomass by means of glass bead-assisted cell disruption using tetrahydrofuran yielded the highest amounts of lutein and β-carotene (622 ± 40 and 618 ± 32 µg g-1 DW, respectively). Although acetone was slightly less efficient than tetrahydrofuran, it is preferable due to its lower costs and toxicity. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion