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Optoelectronic and gas sensing properties of Ti-doped CdO thin films spray deposited at 300 °C on glass substrates were studied.

In this chapter, a case study on polymer composites made using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) process is exemplified. The fundamentals of the additive manufacturing process, such as stages, applications, classifications, disposal methods, material selection, general principles of FDM, and selection process parameters, have been explained. The case study focuses on creating practical four-dimensional feedstock filament prototypes out of polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood powder, and Fe3O4 powder for making quality FDM printed polymer composites. The procedure for making composites using the best combination of FDM process parameters has been illustrated using real-time experimental approaches.

The sustainable development goal of society, need of healthy environment and due to growing population quantity of solid waste increases rapidly drives the smart waste management. Since it is unhealthy for humans who involve in manual waste management those field works need automation. The Artificial Intelligence provides the way to achieve the automation to collect and process the solid waste with the help of Internet of Things, Cloud Computing and Intelligent Transport System. We explored the technological development towards the implementation of smart waste management to support further development in this domain.

The biocompatible Chitosan/Zinc oxide (CS/ZnO) nanocomposites (NCs) material was synthesized via a simple and versatile microwave assisted wet synthesis method. After the incorporation of CS in the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), the crystalline structure of the modified NPs was retained in the NCs and it was clearly exposed in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The Zeta potential measurement of CS/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) shows more stability than ZnO NPs. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) measurements depict the formation of cauliflower like structure after the integration of CS in the ZnO NPs. The interaction between ZnO molecules in CS becomes more compact and is confirmed in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement. Bacterial activity was increased gradually with the CS/ZnO content and was analytically stronger against Gram-positive cells. This study has conclusively proved that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as •OH, •O2− , and H2O2 were significantly produced from aqueous suspension of CS/ZnO and were primarily responsible for the bactericidal activity.

Poly (p-phenylene vinylene) is one of the most important classes of conjugated polymers, with a wide range of applications, such as lightemitting diodes, optoelectronic devices etc. Electroluminescence from OLEDs arises from the radioactive decay of excitation generated by the recombination of electrons and holes injection from two opposite electrodes into the emissive polymer layer. Quinoxaline is a useful n-type building block with high electron affinity and good thermal stability. It has been successfully incorporating small molecules to find utility as electron transport materials in multilayer OLEDs based on PPV. Hence, vinyl benzaldehyde containing quinoxaline derivatives was synthesized using 6-methyl-2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline with terephthaldicarboxaldehyde via Wittig reaction. The structures of synthesised compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1 H, 13C, 31P-NMR, and MASS spectral data. The result of photoluminescence studies showed that vinyl benzaldehyde capped quinoxaline exhibited green emission maxima at shorter wavelengths of 454nm.

In recent decades, the construction industry is facing a difficulty arising out of decline in the availability of natural resource material for the preparation of concrete due to depletion. An investigation is carried out on the reuse of waste slag as an alternative material to natural material in concrete production, satisfying relevant international standards. Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS) is a material which is obtained from the steel industry during the production of steel from its raw ore. It can be used as both fine and coarse aggregate in concrete. This paper presents about the usage of EAFS in concrete preparation and results of some tests conducted on it. This study concentrates on 50% replacement of EAFS as coarse aggregate in concrete preparation. The mechanical properties of the EAFS is addressed. The compressive and split tensile strength is analysed for the age of 7, 14 and 28 days. The test results revealed that partial replacement of EAFS as coarse aggregate showed more or less similar results when compared to conventional concrete. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques are used to study topographic, crystallographic of material and chemical composition of slag and the corresponding results are included.

This Paper focuses on the Native American’s struggles and problems through their color and racial discrimination. Linda hogan, a native American and Ecofeminism, a renowned writer. Her novels fully based on the problems of Native Americans, particularly “Mean Spirit” she discussed in an elaborate way and Women also combined together nature and themselves with an effective way.

Compared with bulk materials, nanoparticles have many outstanding properties, like optical, electronic, catalytic, and magnetic properties. Here the magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles and biopolymer functionalized magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by simple co-precipitation by using an aqueous solution containing ferrous (Fe 2+ ) and ferric (Fe 3+ ) ion salts in an alkaline media with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG 400) as the surfactant. Both bare and Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were subsequently characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli KL226. The XRD result indicates the formation of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and Chitosan (CS) coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies confirm the bonding of the Chitosan polymer with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of the samples were measured by vibration sample magnetometer that confirmed ferromagnetic behaviour of magnetite nanoparticles at room temperature. The antibacterial test showed inhibition against E. coli with significant antagonistic activity.

Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) and CS/Zinc oxide nanocomposites (CS/ZnO NCs) were successfully synthesized by wet chemical method. Formation of ZNPs and the interaction of CS/ZnO NCs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. Thermal stability of the prepared samples was characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). TEM images shows the interaction between the ZNPs and CS polymer and the particles has spherical like structure with average crystallite size of 22 nm and is in good agreement with XRD results. The aim of this study was to investigate the attachment of these nanoparticles with Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial outermost cell membrane and their mode of action against these bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method and resazurin dye reduction method. Both the test materials synthesized revealed resistivity against E. coli up to 6 mg/mL.

Microcredit is a small amount of money loaned to a client by a bank or other institution. Microfinance refers to loans, savings, insurance, transfer services, microcredit loans and other financial products targeted at low-income clients. Micro finance provides opportunity to the poor for getting sufficient amount of credit easily to start any income generating activity. Least formal and official obligation made the uneducated poor comfortable to get credit. Hence the researcher involved in analyzing the economic progression of women in Sivakasi and the data is collected from 200 respondents through pre – tested interview schedule with help of simple random sampling technique. The study suggests from its analysis to enrich their upliftment at economic level. 1

This Paper focuses on the Native American’s struggles and problems through their color and racial discrimination. Linda hogan, a native American and Ecofeminism, a renowned writer. Her novels fully based on the problems of Native Americans, particularly “Mean Spirit” she discussed in an elaborate way and Women also combined together nature and themselves with an effective way.

Objective: In this paper, we deliver a concept based on image and video processing designs on behalf of eyesight else vision find out. Methods: The inducement of the study is for disabled people, without their hands. The vision checkup method is by using the mobile phone interaction. It utilizes the detected face location and vision detection is based on mobile phones for controlling eyelids state (close or open). Findings: This vision checkup method is used to show the improvement of accuracy of detection. In this mobile application, the light effect and the spaces among the disabled person eyes is tracking. The correctness of vision detection will be given by the usage of mobile devices. In existing, phone-based vision test for patients who wants to track their eyesight in their place itself, this type of gadgets could help to track people who are having defects in their eye before they lost more vision, and take the treatment in proposed this same tool could help the disabled persons also by using image processing of vision detection in eyelids state (close or open) detection. Improvements: The drawbacks are reduced in this proposed system. Finally, it provides the 99% of result for the complete detection of accurateness.

A layered phase, NaNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NaNMC), isostructural to NaCoO2 has been synthesized. Stoichiometric NaNMC crystallizes in a rhombohedral R3m space group where Na is in an octahedral environment (O3-Type). Galvanostatic cycling on NaNMC vs Na cell indicated a reversible intercalation of 0.5 Na, leading to a capacity of 120 mAh·g–1 in the voltage range of 2–3.75 V and indicating its possible application in Na-ion batteries. The electrochemically driven Na insertion/deinsertion in NaNMC is associated with several phase transitions and solid solution regimes which are studied by in situ X-ray diffraction. Sodium deinsertion in NaxNMC resulted in sequential phase transitions composed of biphasic and monophasic domains. The composition driven structural evolution in NaxNMC follows the sequence O3 ⇒ O1 ⇒ P3 ⇒ P1 phases with an increased ‘c’ parameter, while the ‘a’ parameter remains almost unchanged.

Layered LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 crystallizing in R (3) over barm space group is synthesized by decomposing the constituent metal-nitrate precursors. Oxidizing nature of metal nitrates stabilizes nickel in +3 oxidation state, enabling a high degree of cation ordering in the layered LiNi0.8Co0.2O2. The powder sample characterized by XRD Rietveld refinement reveals

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are coated with a 4-5 nm thin layer of V(2)O(5) by controlled hydrolysis of vanadium alkoxide. The resulting V(2)O(5)/CNT composite has been investigated for electrochemical activity with lithium ion, and the capacity value shows both faradaic and capacitive (nonfaradaic) contributions. At high rate (1 C), the capacitive behavior dominates the intercalation as 2/3 of the overall capacity value out of 2700 C/g is capacitive, while the remaining is due to Li-ion intercalation. These numbers are in agreement with the Trasatti plots and are corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies on the V(2)O(5)/CNTs electrode, which show 85% of vanadium in the +4 oxidation state after the discharge at 1 C rate. The cumulative high-capacity value is attributed to the unique property of the nano V(2)O(5)/CNTs composite, which provides a short diffusion path for Li(+)-ions and an easy access to vanadium redox centers besides the high conductivity of CNTs. The composite architecture exhibits both high power density and high energy density, stressing the benefits of using carbon substrates to design high performance supercapacitor electrodes.

Graphical abstract: Discharge capacity versus cycle number of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} samples synthesized by (a) CTAB-assisted sol-gel and (b) normal sol-gel method. Highlights: {yields} CTAB-assisted sol-gel route for the synthesis of nano-size Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. {yields} CTAB directs the microstructure of the gels and helps to control the particle size of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. {yields} Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} exhibits promising cycling performance with initial capacity of 174 mAh g{sup -1} and sustains {approx}94% beyond 30 cycles. -- Abstract: A simple CTAB-assisted sol-gel technique for synthesizing nano-sized Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} with promising electrochemical performance as anode material for lithium ion battery is reported. The structural and morphological properties are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The electrochemical performance of both samples (with and without CTAB) calcined at 800 {sup o}C is evaluated using Swagelok{sup TM} cells by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling at room temperature. The XRD pattern for sample prepared in presence of CTAB and calcined at 800 {sup o}C shows high-purity cubic-spinel Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} phase (JCPDS no. 26-1198). Nanosized-Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} calcined at 800 {sup o}C in presence of CTAB exhibits promising cycling performance with initial discharge capacitymore » of 174 mAh g{sup -1} ({approx}100% of theoretical capacity) and sustains a capacity value of 164 mAh g{sup -1} beyond 30 cycles. By contrast, the sample prepared in absence of CTAB under identical reaction conditions exhibits initial discharge capacity of 140 mAh g{sup -1} (80% of theoretical capacity) that fades to 110 mAh g{sup -1} after 30 cycles.« less

Synthesis and structure of new (Bi, La)(3)MSb(2)O(11) phases (M = Cr, Mn, Fe) are reported in conjunction with their magnetic and photocatalytic properties. XRD refinements reflect that Bi(3)CrSb(2)O(11), Bi(2)LaCrSb(2)O(11), Bi(2)LaMnSb(2)O(11) and Bi(2)LaFeSb(2)O(11) adopt KSbO(3)-type structure (space group, Pn (3) over bar). The structure can be described through three interpenetrating networks where the first is the (M/Sb)O(6) octahedral network and other two are the identical networks having Bi(6)O(4) composition. The magnetic measurements on Bi(2)LaCrSb(2)O(11) and Bi(2)LaMnSb(2)O(11) show paramagnetic behaviour with magnetic moments close to the expected spin only magnetic moments of Cr(+3) and Mn(+3). The UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra are broad and indicate that these materials possess a bandgap of similar to 2 eV. The photocatalytic activity of these materials has been investigated by degrading Malachite Green (MG) under exposure to UV light.

A new delafossite oxide, Ag[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2, synthesized by ion-exchanging interlayer-Li+ with Ag+ in layered Li2RuO3, is reported. The transformation of layered Li2RuO3 (monoclinic, space group C2/c) to Ag[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 possessing a delafossite structure (space group R 3 ¯ m ) has been established with powder X-ray diffraction. The successful conversion of Li[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 to Ag[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 is further confirmed by EDAX analysis. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of Ag[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 shows broad absorption in the UV–visible region suggesting its use as a photocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity of Ag[Li1/3Ru2/3]O2 has been investigated by degrading various dyes. It showed significant photocatalytic activity for dye degradation both under UV and solar radiation.

Nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) crystallizing in cubic spinel-phase has been synthesized by single-step-solution-combustion method in less than one minute. LTO particles thus synthesized are flaky and highly porous in nature with a surface area of 12 m(2)/g. Transmission electron micrographs indicate the primary particles to be agglomerated crystallites of varying size between 20 and 50 nm with a 3-dimensional interconnected porous network. During their galvanostatic charge-discharge at varying rates, LTO electrodes yield a capacity value close to the theoretical value of 175 mA h/g at C/2 rate. The electrodes also exhibit promising capacity retention with little capacity loss over 100 cycles at varying discharge rates together with attractive discharge-rate capabilities yielding capacity values of 140 mA h/g and 70 mA h/g at 10 and 100 C discharge rates, respectively. The ameliorated electrode-performance is ascribed to nano and highly porous morphology of the electrodes that provide short diffusion-paths for Li in conjunction with electrolyte percolation through the electrode pores ensuring a high flux of Li.

Low power consumption is the Major requirement in any electronic device today. It is reduced by using transistor sizing, SOI technology and lowering supply voltage of the device. These technique increases the propagation delay and leakage current. In this paper we proposed high performance MTCMOS design for reducing propagation delay, inrush current, dynamic IR drop voltage and average power consumption. If large numbers of power switches are connected in series, it requires large power so that in this proposed model the power switches are turned ON sequentially with smaller time interval 10ns by using 3-bit synchronous counter. Thermometer code converter is used to control high threshold voltage (v th ) transistor and low threshold voltage transistor (v th ). Low v th and high v th transistors are used to reduce propagation delay and standby leakage power. The proposed MTCMOS design is simulated using CADENCE analog environment.

The layered title phase, which is isostructural to NaCoO2, is synthesized by the sol—gel method starting with an aqueous solution of a stoichiometric mixture of Na, Co, Ni, and Mn acetates and citric acid (900 °C, 12 h).

Nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12 is synthesized in less than one minute by a solution-combustion method from an aqueous mixture of TiO(NO3)2, LiNO3, and glycine (alumina crucible, 800 °C) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical measurements.

We report the case of a 25 year old lady who presented to our clinic with a history of repeated episodes of life threatening acute allergic reactions. After a comprehensive history analysis, her episodes were found to be triggered by physical activity after breakfast. Specific IgE antibodies to wheat was positive. Her condition was diagnosed as wheat dependant exercise induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). Elimination of wheat products from her diet, and advice to avoid exercise after food intake prevented her further episodes of anaphylaxis

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