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There is upper airway inflammation in OSA patients which reduces with CPAP therapy.Validate use of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) to quantify metabolic activity within the pharyngeal mucosa of patients with OSA against nasal lavage proteomics, and assess the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.Adults with OSA underwent [18F]-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-PET/MRI of the neck before and three months after initiating CPAP. Nasal lavage samples were collected. Inflammatory protein expression from samples was analyzed using the Olink platform. Upper airway imaging segmentation was performed. Target-to-background ratio (TBRmax) were calculated from target pharyngeal maximum standard uptake values (SUV) and personalized background mean SUV. Most-diseased segment-TBRmax were identified per participant at locations with highest PET avidity. Correlation analysis was performed between baseline TBRmax and nasal lavage proteomics. TBRmax was compared pre- and post-CPAP using linear mixed-effect models.Among thirty-eight participants, baseline mean age was 46.3 years (SD 12.5), 21% were female, mean BMI was 30.9 kg/m2 (SD 4.6), and mean pRDI was 31 events/hour (SD 16.4). There was a significant positive correlation between pharyngeal mucosa most-diseased segment-TBRmax and nasal lavage proteomic inflammation (r=0.41 [p0.001, FDR=0.002]). Primary analysis revealed a reduction in the most-diseased segment-TBRmax after median 2.91 months of CPAP therapy (-0.86 [SE±0.30 p=0.007]). Stratified analysis by smoking status revealed a significantly decreased most-diseased segment-TBRmax post-CPAP therapy among never smokers but not among ever smokers (-1.01 [SE±0.39, p=0.015] versus -0.64 [SE±0.49, p=0.201]).CPAP therapy reduces metabolic activity measured by PET/MRI within the upper airway of adults with OSA. Further, PET/MRI measures of upper airway metabolic activity correlate with a non-invasive marker of inflammation, i.e., nasal lavage inflammatory protein expression.

El costeo por actividades (ABC) puede ser utilizado tanto en empresas industriales como en empresas se servicios. En el presente trabajo se aplica al servicio de logística y distribución de una empresa Pyme comercial, en el que se compara con el costo del servicio que la empresa determina de manera tradicional. Brinda un aporte significativo a la generación de información relevante para la gestión y la toma de decisiones económicas, así como para evitar la subvaloración del costo de prestación del servicio en el caso estudiado, una menor rentabilidad a la deseada y, también, evita distribuir recursos que la empresa no ha generado de forma genuina.

Over 3 million people in the United States live with long-term disability as a result of a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare two different animal models of TBI (blunt head trauma and blast TBI) to determine common and divergent characteristics of these models. With recent literature reviews noting the prevalence of visual system injury in animal models of TBI, coupled with clinical estimates of 50-75% of all TBI cases, we decided to assess commonalities, if they existed, through visual system injury. Blast, repeat blast, and blunt injury were induced in adult male mice to observe and quantify visual deficits. Retinal ganglion cell loss and axonal degeneration in the optic tract, superior colliculus, and lateral geniculate nuclei were examined to trace injury outcomes throughout major vision-associated areas. Optokinetic response, immunohistochemistry, and western blots were analyzed. Where a single blunt injury produces significant visual deficits a single blast injury appears to have less severe visual consequences. Visual deficits after repeat blasts are similar to a single blast. Single blast injury induces contralateral damage to right optic chiasm and tract whereas bilateral injury follows a single blunt injury. Repeat blast injuries are required to see degeneration patterns in downstream regions similar to the damage seen in a single blunt injury. This finding is further supported by Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) staining in injured cohorts. Blunt injured groups present with staining 1.2 mm of the optic nerve, indicating axonal breakage closer to the optic chiasm. In blast groups, APP was identifiable in a bilateral pattern only in the geniculate nucleus. Evidence for unilateral neuronal degeneration in brain tissue with bilateral axonal ruptures are pivotal discoveries in this model differentiation. Analysis of the two injury models suggest there is a significant difference in the histological outcomes dependent on injury type, though visual system injury is likely present in more cases than are currently diagnosed clinically.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a unique opportunity to explore the use of Technology Enabled Care Services (TECS), which remains novel for many service providers. This study assesses the factors that affect adaptation to remote monitoring of patients after upper-limb trauma injury. A standardised risk-stratified screening tool is further developed here to support clinical staff in both the determination of appropriate use of TECS and the optimisation of patient care.1: To explore the patient and injury factors that determine the appropriate use of TECS for patients with upper-limb injury. 2: To use these findings to refine a standardised screening tool for the appropriate choice of follow-up format.A retrospective review of patient management was undertaken across three NHS upper-limb trauma units during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown. Data were collected, and themes were analysed across a number of predetermined categories. This was underpinned by a review of contemporary policy guidance and literature.A total of 85% of patients were offered an appropriate format of follow-up; this was defined by the ability to achieve desired patient-clinician goals and lack of complications. Key factors in determining appropriate follow-up included extent of injury, mental health considerations, and the need for face-to-face (F2F) assessment and treatment.Study findings demonstrate consistency between units in the factors determining the appropriate use of TECS. The refined screening tool provides a risk-stratified, standardised approach to the choice of follow-up format, F2F or TECS. It is hoped that this will support future clinical decision-making processes to ensure optimal patient care.

BACKGROUND: This proof-of-concept trial examined a 6-month Prevention Plus (PP) intervention implemented in a federally qualified health center on child standardized BMI (ZBMI), using a planned clinical effect threshold of −0.16 ZBMI. The relationship between food security status and PP delivered with caregiver goals (PP+) and without caregiver goals (PP−) on energy balance behaviors (i.e., fruits and vegetables, physical activity) and child ZBMI was explored. METHODS: Seventy-three, underserved children, 4–10 years of age with a BMI ≥85th percentile, were randomized to one of two interventions, PP+ and PP−, both providing 2.5 hours of contact time, implemented in five clinics by behavioral health consultants (BHCs). Outcomes were child anthropometrics (included 9-month follow-up), implementation data collected from electronic health records, and caregiver and BHC evaluations. RESULTS: Children were 57.5% female and 78.1% Hispanic, with 32.9% from food-insecure households and 58.9% from households with an annual income of less than $20,000. Child ZBMI significantly (p

Study Objectives This study aimed to quantify the temporal associations between nightly sleep quantity and timing with daytime eating behavior and activity levels in free-living (i.e. non-experimental) settings. Methods Generally healthy young adults (N = 63; 28.9 ± 7.1 years) completed concurrent sleep (wrist actigraphy), eating (photo-assisted diet records), and activity (waist actigraphy) assessments over 14 days. Multilevel models quantified the associations between nightly sleep (total sleep time, timing of sleep and wake onset) with next-day eating behavior (diet quality, caloric intake, timing of eating onset/offset, eating window duration) and activity levels (total physical activity, sedentary time). Associations in the reverse direction (i.e. eating and activity predicting sleep) were explored. Models adjusted for demographic and behavioral confounders and accounted for multiple testing. Results At within- and between-subject levels, nights with greater-than-average total sleep time predicted a shorter eating window the next day (all p ≤ 0.002). Later-than-average sleep and wake timing predicted within- and between-subject delays in next-day eating onset and offset, and between-subject reductions in diet quality and caloric intake (all p ≤ 0.008). At within- and between-subject levels, total sleep time was bidirectionally, inversely associated with sedentary time (all p < 0.001), while later-than-average sleep and wake timing predicted lower next-day physical activity (all p ≤ 0.008). Conclusions These data underscore the complex interrelatedness between sleep, eating behavior, and activity levels in free-living settings. Findings also suggest that sleep exerts a greater influence on next-day behavior, rather than vice versa. While testing in more diverse samples is needed, these data have potential to enhance health behavior interventions and maximize health outcomes.

Introduction: The preschool years have been identified as a critical time to intervene on energy balance behaviors to halt the progression of obesity. In children, strategies for achieving physical activity recommendations are well established. Less clear are strategies for implementing an optimal dietary approach—one that maintains a healthy body weight and improves diet quality. Energy density (ED), the amount of energy per unit weight of food (kcal/g), may be a promising dietary approach. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that a lower ED dietary approach will lower ED and energy intake and demonstrate better maintenance of body mass index (BMI z-score) than standard dietary recommendations in young children at risk for obesity. Methods: Thirty-six preschool children (3.5±1.1 years; 52.8% female; 52.8% White; 16.7% Hispanic or Latino; BMI percentile 56.8±22.2) and their parent (35.4±6.2 years; 86.1% female; 55.6% White; 13.9% Hispanic or Latino; BMI 38.2±5.4 kg/m 2 ) participated in a 6-month, 14-session, family-based behavioral intervention. Participants were randomized to a low-ED dietary approach (consume ≥10 foods/day with an ED ≤1.0 kcal/g and ≤2 foods/day with an ED ≥ 3.0 kcal/g; LOW-ED), or standard dietary recommendations (meet recommended daily servings of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; STANDARD). Both interventions had physical activity goals of 60 minutes/day for children and 150 minutes/week for adults. Dietary and anthropometric assessments occurred at baseline and 6-months. Completer and intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses, with outliers removed, used repeated measures general linear mixed models to examine child change in ED (calculated as both all foods and beverages and food only), kcals, and BMI z-score from baseline to 6 months. Results: ITT analyses showed that the change in ED did not differ between the LOW-ED condition and STANDARD condition when calculated as for foods and beverages (LOW-ED: Δ-0.1 kcal/g vs. STANDARD: Δ+0.1 kcal/g, p = 0.12) or food only (LOW-ED: Δ-0.2 kcal/g vs. STANDARD: Δ+0.1 kcal/g, p = 0.06). There was a significant time by condition interaction with kcals/d decreasing in LOW-ED and increasing in STANDARD over time for completers (LOW-ED: Δ-98 kcals vs. STANDARD: Δ+212 kcals, p = 0.04), but not when using ITT (LOW-ED: Δ+5 kcals vs. STANDARD: Δ+211 kcals, p = 0.09). Under ITT BMI z-score had a main effect of time, with both LOW-ED and STANDARD conditions significantly increasing over time (p=0.03). Conclusion: In conclusion, these data suggest a LOW-ED dietary approach is an alternative way to lower ED and energy intake in young children at risk for obesity.

Objective: To determine if non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) impacted on respiratory virus detections in Queensland, Australia, during the COVID‐19 pandemic year of 2020. Methods: We analysed weekly counts of influenza, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus available from a Queensland laboratory network for the year 2020. These were compared with averaged counts from 2015 to 2019. Results: Overall, 686,199 tests were performed. The timing of NPI implementation was associated with a sharp and sustained decline in influenza, where during the typical annual influenza season (weeks 23–40) no cases were detected from 163,296 tests compared with an average of 26.1% (11,844/45,396) of tests positive in 2015–2019. Similar results were observed for human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza. Respiratory syncytial virus detections also declined but increased in weeks 48–52 (5.6%; 562/10,078) to exceed the 2015–2019 average (2.9%; 150/5,018). Rhinovirus detections increased after schools reopened, peaking in weeks 23–27 (57.4%; 36,228/63,115), exceeding the 2017–2019 detections during that period (21.9%; 8,365/38,072). Conclusions: NPIs implemented to control COVID‐19 were associated with altered frequency and proportions of respiratory virus detections. Implications for public health: NPIs derived from influenza pandemic plans were associated with profound decreases in influenza detections during 2020.

Objectives This study investigated whether pulmonary artery (PA) 18F-FDG uptake is associated with hypertension, and if it correlates to elevated pulmonary pressures. Background 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been used to assess inflammation mostly in large arteries of the systemic circulation. Much less is known about inflammation of the vasculature of the pulmonary system and its relationship to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods In a single-center cohort of 175 patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis, who underwent hybrid thoracic PET/CMR, 18F-FDG uptake in the PA was quantified according to maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and target-to-background ratio (TBR) and compared with available results from right heart catheterization (RHC) or transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Results Thirty-three subjects demonstrated clear 18F-FDG uptake in the PA wall. In the subgroup of patients who underwent RHC (n = 10), the mean PA pressure was significantly higher in the group with PA 18F-FDG uptake compared with the group without uptake (34.4 ± 7.2 mm Hg vs 25.6 ± 9.3 mm Hg; P = 0.003), and 9 (90%) patients with PA 18F-FDG uptake had PH when a mean PA pressure cutoff of 25 mm Hg was used compared with 18 (45%) in the nonuptake group (P Conclusions We demonstrate that 18F-FDG uptake by PET/CMR in the PA is associated with PH and that its intensity correlates with PA pressure.

A dual-function student-crafted instrument is described as part of a laboratory activity aimed to teach both the principles and practical aspects of absorption spectroscopy to secondary and introductory undergraduate students. Using minimal changes in an arrangement that is based on interlocking bricks and low-cost components, both a fluorometer and photometer have been constructed. The former demonstrates the principles of the Beer–Lambert law visually and quantitatively by acquiring the spatial light attenuation through a fluorescent sample. The latter then demonstrates its practical application in a visible-light spectrometer by measuring the absorption spectrum of an aqueous permanganate solution.

Background Food shopping frequency may be an important modifiable factor related to increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Because of mixed findings of individual studies of shopping frequency, a systematic review is needed to examine findings across studies and store types. Objective To conduct a systematic review of articles examining the relationship between frequency of food shopping and FV intake including examination of participation in federal nutrition assistance programs on FV intake, if reported. Methods A search, guided by the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses, using terms related to FV consumption and food shopping across 4 online databases, was conducted. Studies conducted in the US and published through October, 2020, included adults, and had a cross-sectional, longitudinal, cohort, or randomized study design were eligible for inclusion. Results Twenty-four articles were included. The majority of studies found at least 1 positive finding between the frequency of food shopping and FV intake, indicating that as the frequency of food shopping increased, FV intake increased. In studies with 100% participation in government/federal nutrition assistance programs, participation was associated with FV intake. Studies that included participation as a subset found participation not associated with FV intake. Implications for Future Research and Practice The frequency of shopping may be modifiable to increase FV intake. Experimental research is needed to test the directionality and causality of the relationship. Federal nutrition assistance programs may be a logical place to test the relationship through the adjustment of fund disbursements.

For the first time, the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide specific guidance regarding the types of foods and beverages that should be offered in the first 2 years of life. Milk, in various forms (eg, human milk, infant formula, and cow's milk) contributes a large proportion of key nutrients to the diets of infants and toddlers in the United States.The aim of this study was to determine the types of milk (human milk, infant formula, and other milk) fed to US infants and toddlers in the past 12 years and to describe trends over time.This was a cross-sectional analysis of 2-day, 24-hour dietary recalls.Data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for these analyses. Infants and toddlers aged 0 through 23.9 months with 2 days of dietary recall data (n = 3,079) were included.The main outcome was proportion of infants and toddlers fed different milk types.Survey-adjusted weighted percentages were used to report sociodemographic characteristics and the proportion of subjects fed each milk type category by age group and survey cycles. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess differences in subject characteristics by age groups.Sociodemographic characteristics did not differ by age group. The proportion of infants aged 0 to6 months fed infant formula only was 60.2% in 2007-2012 and 44.8% in 2013-2018. The proportion of infants aged 6 to12 months fed partially hydrolyzed infant formula only was 7.3% in 2007-2012 and 13.1% in 2013-2018. In toddlers (12 months old), cow's milk was the predominant milk type in both 2007-2012 and 2013-2018.The percentage of infants fed any human milk increased over the past decade. Unsweetened cow's milk was the most predominate milk type consumed among toddlers.

ObjectiveRecent large-scale randomised trials demonstrate that immunomodulators reduce cardiovascular (CV) events among the general population. However, it is uncertain whether these effects apply to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and if certain treatment strategies in RA reduce CV risk to a greater extent.MethodsPatients with active RA despite use of methotrexate were randomly assigned to addition of a tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor (TNFi) or addition of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine (triple therapy) for 24 weeks. Baseline and follow-up18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT scans were assessed for change in arterial inflammation, an index of CV risk, measured as an arterial target-to-background ratio (TBR) in the carotid arteries and aorta.Results115 patients completed the protocol. The two treatment groups were well balanced with a median age of 58 years, 71% women, 57% seropositive and a baseline disease activity score in 28 joints of 4.8 (IQR 4.0, 5.6). Baseline TBR was similar across the two groups. Significant TBR reductions were observed in both groups—ΔTNFi: −0.24 (SD=0.51), Δtriple therapy: −0.19 (SD=0.51)—without difference between groups (difference in Δs: −0.02, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.15, p=0.79). While disease activity was significantly reduced across both treatment groups, there was no association with change in TBR (β=0.04, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.10).ConclusionWe found that addition of either a TNFi or triple therapy resulted in clinically important improvements in vascular inflammation. However, the addition of a TNFi did not reduce arterial inflammation more than triple therapy.Trial registration numberNCT02374021.

Non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) of vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque by identifying increased uptake of 18F-fluordeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is a powerful tool for monitoring disease activity, progression, and its response to therapy. 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) of the aorta and carotid arteries has become widely used to assess changes in inflammation in clinical trials. However, the recent advent of hybrid PET/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) scanners has advantages for vascular imaging due to the reduction in radiation exposure and improved soft tissue contrast of MR compared to CT. Important for research and clinical use is an understanding of the scan-rescan repeatability of the PET measurement. While this has been studied for PET/CT, no data is currently available for vascular PET/MR imaging. In this study, we determined the scan-rescan measurement repeatability of 18F-FDG PET/MR in the aorta and carotid arteries was less than 5%, comparable to similar findings for 18F-FDG PET/CT.

We report a human case of ocular filariasis, caused by a species of Breinlia nematode, from Queensland, Australia. Morphological and molecular evidence indicated that the nematode Breinlia (Johnstonema) annulipapillata, or a closely related taxon, likely transmitted from a macropodid marsupial host was involved, which might represent an accidental finding or an emerging zoonosis.

Introduction: Short sleep duration ( Methods: Over a 14-day period, 30 healthy, non-shift working adults wore wrist actigraphs to evaluate sleep duration and onset timing, and completed image-assisted diet records to estimate eating onset (time of first caloric intake after awakening) and offset (time of last caloric intake before sleep). Fasted morning systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were obtained. Regression models of SBP and DBP tested associations with sleep onset, eating onset, and eating offset. Sleep duration ( Results: Participants were 28±7y, 43% male, BMI 23.9±2.6 kg/m 2 , and BP 114±10/70±7 mmHg. Sleep duration was 6.8±0.8 h, sleep onset 23:45±1.3 h, eating onset 08:49±1.5 h, and eating offset 20:40±1.2 h. Independent of age and sex, later sleep onset was associated with higher SBP (B= 3.0±1.3 mmHg/h, p =0.03) and DBP (B= 2.5±0.9 mmHg/h, p =0.01). Later eating onset was associated with higher DBP (B= 2.1±0.9 mmHg/h, p =0.03), and later offset with higher SBP (B= 4.1±1.4 mmHg/h, p p p =0.03) and tended to exhibit higher SBP and DBP vs short sleep OR late timing (both p =0.07). Conclusion: These data indicate later sleep and eating timing, especially in the setting of short sleep, exemplifies a chrono-behavioral phenotype of CVD risk.

Nutrient-dense foods, which are often low in energy density (ED), are recommended for a healthy diet in infants and children. How ED changes during the transition from a complementary diet in infancy to a conventional diet is unknown.We aimed to describe the ED, the amount of energy (e.g., kcal) per weight (e.g., g), of food or beverage in infants and preschool-age children. It was hypothesized that ED would be higher among older children.The ED of food (ED-Food Only) and of food and all beverages excluding human milk and infant formula (ED-Food and Beverages) of children's (6 mo-5 y) diets were examined overall and by age subgroups using data from the NHANES (2009-2018). Survey-adjusted linear regression followed by pairwise comparisons were used to compare ED across age subgroups. The percentages of calories consumed from low-, medium-, and high-ED foods across age subgroups were also examined.Mean ED-Food Only was 1.21 kcal/g (95% CI: 1.13, 1.29 kcal/g) among 6- to 11-mo-olds and 1.62 kcal/g (95% CI: 1.54, 1.69 kcal/g) among 12- to 17-mo-olds (P 0.05). ED-Food and Beverages was higher across consecutive age subgroups from 0.99 kcal/g (95% CI: 0.96, 1.02 kcal/g) in 12-17 mo through 3 y (1.22 kcal/g; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.26 kcal/g; P 0.05). Mean percentage of calories consumed from low-ED food (≤1.0 kcal/g) became lower with age from 6- to 11-mo-olds (47.3%; 95% CI: 44.3%, 50.4%) through 18- to 23-mo-olds (16.2%; 95% CI: 14.5%, 17.9%; P 0.05). A greater percentage of calories was consumed from high-ED food (≥3.0 kcal/g) among 18- to 23-mo-olds (39.0%; 95% CI: 37.1%, 40.9%) than among 12- to 17-mo-olds (34.0%; 95% CI: 32.0%, 35.9%; P 0.05).ED increased across age subgroups, driven by a decrease in the percentage of calories consumed from low-ED food and an increase in the percentage of calories consumed from high-ED food.

Objectives Cardiac MR is widely used to diagnose cardiac amyloid, but cannot differentiate AL and ATTR subtypes: an important distinction given their differing treatments and prognoses. We used PET/MR imaging to quantify myocardial uptake of 18F-fluoride in ATTR and AL amyloid patients, as well as participants with aortic stenosis and age/sex-matched controls. Methods In this prospective multicenter study, patients were recruited in Edinburgh and New York and underwent 18F-fluoride PET/MR imaging. Standardized volumes of interest were drawn in the septum and areas of late gadolinium enhancement to derive myocardial standardized uptake values (SUV) and tissue-to-background ratio (TBRMEAN) after correction for blood pool activity in the right atrium. Results 53 patients were scanned: 18 with cardiac amyloid (10 ATTR and 8 AL), 13 controls, and 22 with aortic stenosis. No differences in myocardial TBR values were observed between participants scanned in Edinburgh and New York. Mean myocardial TBRMEAN values in ATTR amyloid (1.13 ± 0.16) were higher than controls (0.84 ± 0.11, P = .0006), aortic stenosis (0.73 ± 0.12, P < .0001), and those with AL amyloid (0.96 ± 0.08, P = .01). TBRMEAN values within areas of late gadolinium enhancement provided discrimination between patients with ATTR (1.36 ± 0.23) and all other groups (e.g., AL [1.06 ± 0.07, P = .003]). A TBRMEAN threshold >1.14 in areas of LGE demonstrated 100% sensitivity (CI 72.25 to 100%) and 100% specificity (CI 67.56 to 100%) for ATTR compared to AL amyloid (AUC 1, P = .0004). Conclusion Quantitative 18F-fluoride PET/MR imaging can distinguish ATTR amyloid from other similar phenotypes and holds promise in improving the diagnosis of this condition.

For diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a SARS-CoV-2 virus-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is routinely used. However, this test can take up to 2 d to complete, serial testing may be required to rule out the possibility of false negative results and there is currently a shortage of RT-PCR test kits, underscoring the urgent need for alternative methods for rapid and accurate diagnosis of patients with COVID-19. Chest computed tomography (CT) is a valuable component in the evaluation of patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nevertheless, CT alone may have limited negative predictive value for ruling out SARS-CoV-2 infection, as some patients may have normal radiological findings at early stages of the disease. In this study, we used artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to integrate chest CT findings with clinical symptoms, exposure history and laboratory testing to rapidly diagnose patients who are positive for COVID-19. Among a total of 905 patients tested by real-time RT-PCR assay and next-generation sequencing RT-PCR, 419 (46.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. In a test set of 279 patients, the AI system achieved an area under the curve of 0.92 and had equal sensitivity as compared to a senior thoracic radiologist. The AI system also improved the detection of patients who were positive for COVID-19 via RT-PCR who presented with normal CT scans, correctly identifying 17 of 25 (68%) patients, whereas radiologists classified all of these patients as COVID-19 negative. When CT scans and associated clinical history are available, the proposed AI system can help to rapidly diagnose COVID-19 patients.