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Fabrication of aluminium (Al) composites by stir casting process is an effective method for fabrication of better quality of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). Stir casting technique is one of the most commonly accepted techniques. In this research work, Al7075 / SiC+CeO2 hybrid MMCs have been fabricated with varying wt.% of SiC (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) particulates and constant 5% of CeO2 particulates. The ascast alloy and hybrid composite were hot rolled at a temperature of 500°C. Whereas, both the ascast and hot rolled hybrid composite was subjected to micro-structural, mechanical and wear tests. Optical microscope analysis revealed uniform dispersal of hard particles with in the base matrix in case of both of ascast and hot rolled composites. Hot rolled MMCs showed enhancement of 22.64% of hardness when compared with ascast alloy with increasing reinforcement of 0-6 wt.% of SiC content. Tensile strength increases by 28.24% for hot rolled composites when compared to the as cast and other hybrid composites. Reduction of wear loss by 54.38% for hot rolled composites when compared to the as cast and other hybrid composites. A tensile and wear fractography result shows the internal fractured structure which was analysed using a SEM analysis

This study explores how ageing temperature and the volume percentage of Al2O3+B4C nanoparticles influence the machinability and hardness of stir-cast Al-7075 Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). Using liquid metallurgy techniques, hybrid materials were created by reinforcing Al7075 metal matrix with varying weight percentages of nanosized B4C (1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%) and Al2O3 (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). After fabrication, the samples were subjected to five-hour ageing process at temperatures of 100, 120, and 140 degrees Celsius, followed by cooling to ambient temperature (27 degrees Celsius). Hybrid nano composites that had been heat treated were tested for wear, tensile strength, and hardness. Results shows that, the addition of nanoparticles and heat treatment considerably improves the tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance of hybrid composites by 3%, 17%, and 10%, respectively, for samples reinforced with 4.5% B4C + 2% Al2O3. SEM analysis was used to investigate the type of wear and the tensile fracture mode of nano composite samples by analyzing the wornout surface and the surface where tensile fracture occurred. Machinability was assessed using L27 orthogonal array tests, focusing on three key process parameters: feed rate (0.1 mm/min), depth of cut (0.2 mm/min), and spindle speed (1000 rpm). Outcomes show that, increasing the wt. % of nano-Al2O3/B4C leads to higher machining force and surface roughness (Ra) of MMCs. Conversely, higher ageing temperatures result in decreased machining force and surface roughness. Optimal surface roughness and machining force were achieved with 1% Al2O3 + 1.5% B4C and an ageing temperature of 140�C. These findings offer valuable insights into the ease of machining of composite metal alloys, emphasizing the importance of parameter selection and optimization for desired machining outcomes

This study explores how ageing temperature and the volume percentage of Al2O3+B4C nanoparticles influence the machinability and hardness of stir-cast Al-7075 Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). Using liquid metallurgy techniques, hybrid materials were created by reinforcing Al7075 metal matrix with varying weight percentages of nanosized B4C (1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%) and Al2O3 (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). After fabrication, the samples were subjected to five-hour ageing process at temperatures of 100, 120, and 140 degrees Celsius, followed by cooling to ambient temperature (27 degrees Celsius). Hybrid nano composites that had been heat treated were tested for wear, tensile strength, and hardness. Results shows that, the addition of nanoparticles and heat treatment considerably improves the tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance of hybrid composites by 3%, 17%, and 10%, respectively, for samples reinforced with 4.5% B4C + 2% Al2O3. SEM analysis was used to investigate the type of wear and the tensile fracture mode of nano composite samples by analyzing the wornout surface and the surface where tensile fracture occurred. Machinability was assessed using L27 orthogonal array tests, focusing on three key process parameters: feed rate (0.1 mm/min), depth of cut (0.2 mm/min), and spindle speed (1000 rpm). Outcomes show that, increasing the wt. % of nano-Al2O3/B4C leads to higher machining force and surface roughness (Ra) of MMCs. Conversely, higher ageing temperatures result in decreased machining force and surface roughness. Optimal surface roughness and machining force were achieved with 1% Al2O3 + 1.5% B4C and an ageing temperature of 140°C. These findings offer valuable insights into the ease of machining of composite metal alloys, emphasizing the importance of parameter selection and optimization for desired machining outcomes.

Aluminium composites are extensively used in several industries. The production of Metal Matrix Composite (MMCs) with varying wt. % of reinforcement/s leads to enhancement of wear and mechanical behavior properties. In the present work, varying wt. % of TiB2 and constant wt. % of CeO2 particulates were reinforced in Al6061 alloy to manufacture hybrid Al MMCs by Vortex (Stircasting) technique. Developed hybrid MMCs were hotrolled at 515�C of temperature. Hardness of hybrid MMCs was evaluated by using hardness test rig (Vickers). Results revealed that the hardness strength of developed hybrid MMCs increased with increase of the reinforcement content. The rate of wear of developed hybrid MMCs was evaluated by Pin-on-Disc wear test method. Test trials were conducted according to Taguchi technique. L27 array was implemented for evaluation of data. Effect of varying factors on the rate of wear and Coefficient of Friction (COF) was analyzed by applying ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method. ANOVA outcomes showed that the reinforcement content had a more significant impact on wear behavior and COF of the MMCs. Finally, L27 array outcomes were verified through confirmation experiments. Wear fractography test shows the internal fractured structure of a wear specimen which was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Development of aluminium composites by stircasting technique is an effective method for fabrication of better quality of MMCs. Stircasting technique is one of the most commonly accepted techniques. In this research work, Al6061 / TiB2+CeO2 hybrid MMCs have been fabricated with varying wt. % of TiB2 (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) particulates and constant 5% of CeO2 particulates. The monolithic alloy and hybrid composite were hot-rolled at a temperature of 515�C. Both the monolithic and hot-rolled hybrid composites were subjected to micro-structural study, hardness and tensile test. Optical microscope analysis revealed uniform dispersal of hard particles within the base matrix in case of both of ascast and hot-rolled composites. Both ascast and hotrolled hybrid composites showed extensive enhanced mechanical behavior and high wear resistance when compared with monolithic alloy. Hot rolled MMCs showed enhancement of 25 % of hardness when compared with monolithic alloy with increasing reinforcement of 2.5 - 10 wt. % of TiB2 content. Tensile strength increased by 53.54 % for hot rolled composites when compared to the as cast and other hybrid composites. Tensile and wear fractography outcome showed internal fractured structure of a tensile and wear specimen which was analysed using SEM analysis.

Aluminium (Al) based composites enhance the mechanical and wear behavior by heat treatment. The quenching factors like cooling agent, cooling rate and temperature of cooling are expected to influence the hardness, tensile, and wear behavior of the Al MMCs (Metal Matrix Composites). This research shows the outcomes of a sequence of experiments conducted to study the mechanical and wear behavior of the Al6061-Al2O3-MoS2 hybrid composites that are quenched with different quenching agents. Heat treated hybrid composites were subjected to evaluate the hardness, tensile, and wear behavior. The outcomes reveal that the heat treatment significantly enhances the mechanical and wear behavior of hybrid composites. Highest hardness of 138.1 VHN was achieved under the ice quenched samples. The mechanical and wear behavior improved under the ice quenched samples. Voids, particle pullouts and dimples were observed in the tensile fractured surface. Micro pits, delamination layers, ploughing and micro fissures were observed in the wornout surface of the wear test samples.

Aluminum composites exhibit high resistance to wear and corrosion, possess high strength, offer durability and more such properties. In this study, Al7075, reinforced with nano size SiC - Gr was produced by a stir casting technique and its microstructure and mechanical behavior were evaluated. Reinforcements were added in the range of 0 - 3 wt. %. The microstructure study, tensile and compression strength of the developed hybrid Metal Matrix Composites have been analyzed and examined. From the investigational study, it was found that the reinforcements are evenly dispersed in the base material. The porosity and density of the developed composites were found to be enhanced. The mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile and compressive strength of the developed MMCs could be improved by addition of SiC particulates compared to base material. Further, the strength of developed hybrid composites was found to be decreased by adding of solid lubricant such as graphite (Gr) particulates along with hard ceramic particulates. Finally, fractured surface of the tensile test specimens were analysed using a SEM analysis

Aluminium (Al) based composites enhance the mechanical and wear behavior by heat treatment. The quenching factors like cooling agent, cooling rate and temperature of cooling are expected to influence the hardness, tensile, and wear behavior of the Al MMCs. This research shows the outcomes of a sequence of experiments to find the wear and mechanical behavior of the Al6061-Al2O3-MoS2 hybrid composites are quenched with different quenching agents. Hardening of the developed hybrid composites was carried out at 510ºC for the time period of 2 hours. Later, the same composite samples were quenched in ice cubes and water separately. Finally, age-hardening was done at 180ºC temperature for 4 hours and then the samples were cooled under room temperature. Heat treated hybrid composites were subjected to evaluate the hardness, tensile, and wear behavior. The outcomes reveal that the heat treatment significantly enhances the wear and mechanical behavior of hybrid composites. High mechanical strength and improved wear characteristics were observed in the hybrid composites which were quenched using ice cubes. The fractured surface of the tensile test samples and the wornout surface of wear test specimens were studied using a SEM analysis.

Development of aluminium composites by stircasting technique is an effective method for fabrication of better quality of MMCs. Stircasting technique is one of the most commonly accepted techniques. In this research work, Al6061 / TiB2+CeO2 hybrid MMCs have been fabricated with varying wt. % of TiB2 (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) particulates and constant 5% of CeO2 particulates. The monolithic alloy and hybrid composite were hot-rolled at a temperature of 515°C. Whereas, both the monolithic and hot-rolled hybrid composite was subjected to micro-structural study, hardness and tensile test. Optical microscope analysis revealed uniform dispersal of hard particles with in the base matrix in case of both of ascast and hot-rolled composites. Both ascast and hotrolled hybrid composites have shown extensive enhanced mechanical behavior and high wear resistance when compared with monolithic alloy. Though, ductility of the hybrid MMCs decreased with increasing TiB2 and CeO2 content. A tensile and wear fractography outcome shows the internal fractured structure of a tensile and wear specimen which was analysed using a SEM analysis.

Having Low density and being Light weight with better mechanical properties, aluminum is the most significant material and is universally used in highly critical applications like navy, aerospace and particularly in automotive applications. This research work is aimed to investigate the effect of micro and nano Al2O3 (Alumina Oxide) to aluminium (Al) on the mechanical and wear properties of the Al composites. The micro - nano composites with 1, 2, 3 and 4 % of Al2O3 particulates in Al are fabricated using stircasting processes. It was found that an increase of Al2O3 both as micro and nano particulates content resulted in improved hardness, enhanced tensile strength and high wear resistance. However, nano Al2O3 reinforced MMCs have better hardness, improved tensile strength and higher wear resistance as compared with micro-sized Al2O3 reinforced MMCs. Grain refinement of composite and nano composite materials as compared with pure Al were observed in the microscopic structures. Analysis of wornout surface and tensile fracture surface was studied by SEM analysis to examine the nature of wear and tensile fracture mode of composite samples

The Al2O3-SiC reinforced Al7075 Metal Matrix Composite (MMCs) is fabricated through liquid metallurgical technique. Ceramic particulates were amalgamated into the aluminium alloy to achieve improved mechanical properties and wear resistance. Al-7075/Al2O3/SiC hybrid MMCs were produced by reinforcing 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of Al2O3 and 3%, 5% and 7% of SiC particles. Microstructural analysis was carried out to evaluate the uniform dispersal of reinforcing particulates within the base matrix. The output results indicate that the mechanical properties of the hybrid MMCs are enhanced by increase the wt. % of ceramic particulates. Tensile fractography results show the internal fracture structure of the tensile test specimens in which the particulates fracture and pullouts were observed. The wear characteristics of developed composites are studied using the pin-on-disc apparatus. The high wear resistance is observed at 5% Al2O3 + 7% SiC reinforced MMCs.

In recent years, deep learning based networks have achieved good performance in brain tumour segmentation of MR Image. Among the existing networks, U-Net has been successfully applied. In this paper, it is propose deep-learning based Bidirectional Convolutional LSTM XNet (BConvLSTMXNet) for segmentation of brain tumor and using GoogLeNet classify tumor & non-tumor. Evaluated on BRATS-2019 data-set and the results are obtained for classification of tumor and non-tumor with Accuracy: 0.91, Precision: 0.95, Recall: 1.00 & F1-Score: 0.92. Similarly for segmentation of brain tumor obtained Accuracy: 0.99, Specificity: 0.98, Sensitivity: 0.91, Precision: 0.91 & F1-Score: 0.88.

The effects of SiC-Al2O3 particle in the Al alloy on the mechanical and wear characteristics of stir-casted Composites have been reported. The Al7075 is reinforced with 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt. % of (SiC + Al2O3) to manufacture the hybrid composite. Ceramic particulates were added into Al alloy to achieve the low wear rate and improving mechanical properties. Hardening of casted specimens at 480ºC for the duration of 2 hrs and the specimens were quenched into two different quenching media (water and ice cubes). Finally, age-hardening were carried out at the temperature of 160ºC for the duration of 4 hrs and cooled at room temperature. The tensile strength, hardness and wear behaviour of MMCs are evaluated on the un-treated and heat treated composite. The tensile strength and hardness of MMCs increases by incorporating SiC-Al2O3 particulates. The wear behaviour of the MMCs containing SiC-Al2O3 particulates revealed the high wear-resistance. The heat-treatment had considerably improved the properties when compared to the un-heat treated composites. The composites with the highest tensile strength, hardness and enhanced wear resistance were found in the composites quenched in ice cubes. Worned surfaces of the composite specimens were studied by using SEM and XRD analysis

Background: The escalating issue of antibiotic resistance has spurred research into alternative antimicrobial agents, including phytochemicals from various plant sources. Bougainvillaea spectabilis, a plant renowned for its medicinal properties, is attracting attention for its potential antibacterial attributes. Materials and Methods: This study employs a computational approach to investigate the antibacterial potential of B. spectabilis phytochemical compounds derived from OSADHI and IMPPAT databases. Using advanced computational tools, we systematically screened and analyzed the phytochemical constituents of B. spectabilis for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. An effective drug like phytochemicals screened by SwissADME and its target was identified. The molecular structure of quercetin was subjected to virtual docking experiments with bacterial target protein, single strand DNA binding protein. The binding affinity and interaction were assessed to predict the likelihood of antibacterial activity. To predict the possibility of antibacterial activity, the binding affinity and interaction were evaluated. Results: Several phytochemicals with antibacterial properties were discovered in our study. The binding affinity of quercetin was -6.81 kcal/mol, and it performs critical roles in bacterial growth and survival. This computational analysis sheds light on the possible antibacterial effects of phytochemicals derived from B. spectabilis. The results demonstrated additional experimental validation as well as the synthesis of novel antibacterial agents obtained from natural sources. Conclusion: This research contributes to ongoing efforts to prevent antibiotic resistance and lays the path for the identification of novel therapeutic alternatives to address bacterial infections by leveraging the power of computational tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several industrial applications make substantial use of the aluminium alloy. The impact of Sr/Na on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear mechanics of Al7075 alloy was examined in the current experiment. The findings showed that the microstructure improved by the inclusion of elements (Sr/Na). Uniform dispersion of particles (Sr/Na) and changed structure of silicon (Si) in the Al7075 alloy were noted. Hardness of the developed alloys was checked with micro hardness tester and micrographs were taken using metallurgical microscope. Pin-and-Disc wear test equipment was used to measure the wear rate of the modified alloys. The wear test trials were carried out using the Taguchi technique in order to increase the accuracy of the results. The L27 array was used to evaluate the data. Applying ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) approach, the impact of changing parameters (factors) on wear loss and COF was examined. The obtained result indicates that, hardness and tensile strength increases by 37.78% and 14.57% respectively when compared to the base alloy. It is due to the increase of wt. % Sr modifier. The ANOVA analysis results indicate that, wt. % of Sr is most significant (69.70 %) parameter followed by Na (wt. %), Load (N) & Speed (rpm). The Sr/Na content has a more substantial impact on the wear behaviour and COF of the modified alloy, according to the results of the ANOVA. A worn-out surface's internal fracture structure can be seen in a wear fractography report after SEM analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fractures of the clavicle are common usually following trauma. Surgical fixation of clavicular fractures has been traditionally performed under General Anaesthesia (GA). Although GA has several benefits but also carries associated risks. Ultrasound-guided techniques have enabled the anaesthetists to reduce doses of local anaesthetic drugs and perform more successful blocks. In this case report we have explored use of only interscalene approach to brachial plexus block as surgical anaesthesia and analgesia in clavicle fracture. Case Description: A 39-year-old male patient, had a closed complete displaced fracture in the middle third shaft of the left clavicle due to a history of trauma. The interscalene block was performed under ultrasound guidance. A local anaesthetic drug was administered for interscalene block. Distribution of the local anaesthetic drug was visualized during the procedure. Motor blockade and sensory blockade was assessed. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the left clavicle. During intraoperative and postoperative period no intravenous analgesics were used. Patient was monitored for few hours in post-operative room and was sent home the day after the surgery, with oral medications (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with an opioid). Conclusion: Our limited experience suggests that the interscalene block is possible as a sole anaesthesia method in patients who undergo clavicular fracture surgery. In this case study, regional anaesthesia was successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, in the study of earthquakes, there has been a shift in the use of current force-based methodology to performance-based methodology. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the seismic performance of regular and vertically irregular structures by making use of time history analysis to establish seismic fragility estimates. To perform the analysis, three Indian strong ground motions have been considered by varying soil conditions. Comparison has been made in terms of displacement and spectral accelerations for both regular and irregular structures with different soil conditions. The study highlights the importance of obtaining performances in terms of Operational Phase (OP), Immediate Occupancy (IO), Damage Control (DC), Life Safety (LS), and Collapse Prevention (CP). The seismic vulnerability of buildings has been obtained treating the foundation as isolated footing in terms of damages by taking strong ground motion data into consideration to perform performance-based analysis of structures with different soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most common cancer type around the world which majorly affects women. Early detection of breast cancer helps in increasing survival rate. Segmentation helps in easy identification of abnormalities in image and draw conclusion whether the image is normal or not. So, a hybrid approach U-SegNet is proposed, which is fully convolutional neural network. It extends U-Net by integrating SegNet for improved mass detection. The proposed method is evaluated for its accuracy on publicly available Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) dataset. A comparison analysis is done on the proposed method compared with three other models such as Watershed, Fuzzy c-means and U-Net model; it is found that the proposed method gives good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]