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1. Extinction of Learned Fear Induces Hippocampal Place Cell Remapping

Author

Manuel M. Ramos Alvarez, Robin K. Yuan, Alexander T. Keinath, Isabel A. Muzzio, and Melissa E. Wang

Subjects
Male, Place cell, Hippocampus, Action Potentials, Context (language use), Hippocampal formation, Extinction, Psychological, Mice, Avoidance Learning, Animals, Fear conditioning, Association (psychology), Uncategorized, Fear processing in the brain, Communication, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Extinction (psychology), social sciences, Fear, Articles, humanities, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Psychology, business, Neuroscience
Abstract

The extinction of learned fear is a hippocampus-dependent process thought to embody new learning rather than erasure of the original fear memory, although it is unknown how these competing contextual memories are represented in the hippocampus. We previously demonstrated that contextual fear conditioning results in hippocampal place cell remapping and long-term stabilization of novel representations. Here we report that extinction learning also induces place cell remapping in C57BL/6 mice. Specifically, we observed cells that preferentially remapped during different stages of learning. While some cells remapped in both fear conditioning and extinction, others responded predominantly during extinction, which may serve to modify previous representations as well as encode new safe associations. Additionally, we found cells that remapped primarily during fear conditioning, which could facilitate reacquisition of the original fear association. Moreover, we also observed cells that were stable throughout learning, which may serve to encode the static aspects of the environment. The short-term remapping observed during extinction was not found in animals that did not undergo fear conditioning, or when extinction was conducted outside of the conditioning context. Finally, conditioning and extinction produced an increase in spike phase locking to the theta and gamma frequencies. However, the degree of remapping seen during conditioning and extinction only correlated with gamma synchronization. Our results suggest that the extinction learning is a complex process that involves both modification of pre-existing memories and formation of new ones, and these traces coexist within the same hippocampal representation.

Published
2023
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2. Development of an Online Ship Simulator to Represent the Dynamic Ship Responses in Regular Waves Using an Inertial Measurement Unit

Author

Luis A. Zorrilla Gomez, Beatriz K. Miranda Sandoval, Miguel A. Hinostroza, Saida M. Ramos Quiñonez, and Nain M. Ramos Alvarez

Abstract

Nowadays, it has been observed a vertiginous growth of technological implementations in the naval and offshore industry, implementations such as online ship simulators that represent the state of the vessel in real-time for a certain sea condition, motion amplification methods to monitor vibrations of the ship propulsion system, virtual shore stations to control autonomous vessels, among others. This work presents the implementation of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in a scaled-down vessel to observe the dynamic responses of a ship in an online simulator called ShipSim. The implementation considers the responses of the ship in its six degrees of freedom and its behavior in regular waves. The simulator responds to a parametric variation, which considers the direction, amplitude, period of the waves, among other geometric parameters. The scaled-down model of the vessel is fabricated on a 3D printer and is designed to place the IMU system at the geometrical center of the vessel. The IMU is a 6DOF OCTANS surface which is used to measure the ship motions. In addition, real-time results of the different movements of the scaled-down vessel in the time domain are displayed, which are observed in the simulator in the form of time-series graphs.

Published
2022
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3. Long-Term Stabilization of Place Cell Remapping Produced by a Fearful Experience

Author

Manuel M. Ramos Alvarez, Robin K. Yuan, Isabel A. Muzzio, Melissa E. Wang, Squire M. Stead, and Ellen G. Wann

Subjects
Male, Neurons, Conditioning (Psychology), General Neuroscience, Emotions, Place cell, Fear, Stimulus (physiology), Hippocampal formation, Article, Developmental psychology, Mice, Conditioning, Psychological, Odorants, Social emotional learning, Animals, Fear conditioning, Aversive Stimulus, Psychology, CA1 Region, Hippocampal, Neuroscience, Episodic memory
Abstract

Fear is an emotional response to danger that is highly conserved throughout evolution because it is critical for survival. Accordingly, episodic memory for fearful locations is widely studied using contextual fear conditioning, a hippocampus-dependent task (Kim and Fanselow, 1992; Phillips and LeDoux, 1992). The hippocampus has been implicated in episodic emotional memory and is thought to integrate emotional stimuli within a spatial framework. Physiological evidence supporting the role of the hippocampus in contextual fear indicates that pyramidal cells in this region, which fire in specific locations as an animal moves through an environment, shift their preferred firing locations shortly after the presentation of an aversive stimulus (Moita et al., 2004). However, the long-term physiological mechanisms through which emotional memories are encoded by the hippocampus are unknown. Here we show that during and directly after a fearful experience, new hippocampal representations are established and persist in the long term. We recorded from the same place cells in mouse hippocampal area CA1 over several days during predator odor contextual fear conditioning and found that a subset of cells changed their preferred firing locations in response to the fearful stimulus. Furthermore, the newly formed representations of the fearful context stabilized in the long term. Our results demonstrate that place cells respond to the presence of an aversive stimulus, modify their firing patterns during emotional learning, and stabilize a long-term spatial representation in response to a fearful encounter. The persistent nature of these representations may contribute to the enduring quality of emotional memories.

Published
2012
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4. Self-efficacy expectations in teacher trainees and the perceived role of schools and their physical education department in the educational treatment of overweight students

Author

Manuel Jesús de la Torre Cruz, Emilio J. Martínez-López, Manuel M. Ramos Alvarez, and María Luisa Zagalaz Sánchez

Subjects
Self-efficacy, Medical education, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Physical fitness, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Overweight, medicine.disease, Obesity, Education, Physical education, Intervention (counseling), Health care, Medicine, Personality, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, media_common
Abstract

This study is about the relation between self-efficacy expectations and the attitude towards child and youth obesity, as well as the role of the school in this matter. A questionnaire was given to a sample of 436 trainee physical education teachers from eight universities in Andalusia (Spain). The questionnaire was a version of Teaching Self-Efficacy in Higher Education (Prieto, 2007) and of Perceptions of Youth Obesity among Physical Educators (Greenleaf and Weiller, 2005). The results indicated that those trainees who possessed a higher level of perceived self-efficacy for the assessment of not only their own teaching, but also of the knowledge acquired by overweight students and of school intervention in their learning process, tended to show more favourable attitudes towards the educational treatment of child and youth obesity, and towards obese students’ fitness and healthcare. The trainees with a perceived higher level of self-efficacy for the assessment of the progress made by overweight students and with a more favourable disposition towards revising their teaching practice tended to show a more negative attitude towards obese people.

Published
2010
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5. Cellular Localization of Poliovirus RNA in the Spinal Cord during Acute Paralytic Poliomyelitis

Author

K. L. Pomeroy, D. C. Gajdusek, Marinos C. Dalakas, C. J. Gibbs, M. Ramos‐Alvarez, Stuart Isaacson, D. M. Asher, and Kumaraswamy Sivakumar

Subjects
In situ hybridization, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, History and Philosophy of Science, Anterior Horn Cell, Anterior Horn Cells, law, medicine, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Polymerase chain reaction, Cellular localization, General Neuroscience, Poliovirus, Infant, RNA, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Virology, Poliomyelitis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Acute Disease, RNA, Viral, Female
Published
1995
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6. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. 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Titlbach, Alessandro Prelle, A. Czlonkowska, M. Russo, D. Hadjiev, T. S. Chkhikvishvili, M. Oehlschlager, G. Becker, I. Günther, E. N. Stenager, J. Garcia Agundez, J. Casademont, J. Batlle, S. Podobnik-Sarkanji, C. Alonso-Villaverde, B. Delaguillaume, B. Genc, B. Mazoyer, A. Rodriguez-Al-barino, Ch. Hilger, B. Ferrero, R. Price, W. Grisold, L. Fuhry, D. Oulbani, D. Ewing, A. Petkov, W. Walther, A. Gokyigit, John Newsom-Davis, J. Tayot, D. Seliak, G. Pelliccioni, D. Campagne, K. Kessler, F. Boureau, D. Perani, J. P. N'Guyen, N. Tchalucova, B. A. Antin-Ozerkis, C. Lacroix, B. D. Aronovich, I. H. Jenkins, E. A. dos Reis, M. Hortells, H. M. Meinck, H. Ch. Buschmann, S. C. J. M. Jacobs, T. Wetter, P. Creissard, N. Martinez, J. Weidenfeldl, H. J. Sturenburg, G. Damlacik, V. Gracia, J. C. Turpin, A. Pou-Serradell, J. P. Vincent, T. Gagoshidze, U. Ozkutlu, M. McLeod, K. Siegfried, I. Tchaoussoglou, J. Hildebrand, S. Kowalska, M. C. Picot, G. Galardin, L. Crevits, F. Andreetta, S. 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C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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8. A research program for foreign language teachers : building up investigation in classroom contexts

Author

Gloria Luque Agulló and Manuel M. Ramos Alvarez

Subjects
Segunda lengua, Embryology, Research program, lcsh:English language, Process (engineering), business.industry, Investigación educativa, Field (Bourdieu), Foreign language, Context (language use), Applied linguistics, Cell Biology, lcsh:PR1-9680, lcsh:English literature, Order (exchange), Metodología de la investigación, Mathematics education, sort, Artificial intelligence, lcsh:PE1-3729, Anatomy, Enseñanza de la lengua, business, Psychology, Developmental Biology
Abstract

When researchers in the field of Applied Linguistics or L2 teachers try to carry out any kind of research, several problems arise. The first one is knowing how to start the process of ‘researching’. The second problem, perhaps more frustrating, arises when one finds out that one cannot grasp the complexities to be taken into account when getting started on the research task at hand. Third, one has to find out how to adapt the different steps of the research to one’s own situation, context, and degree of knowledge, so that data can later be able appropriately coded and analysed in order to establish some sort of conclusion. Last but not least, a further struggle tends to appear on discovering that what should have been done and what has actually been done are two very different things. This paper aims at improving this situation by establishing in a clear-cut way the three levels any investigation should include –conceptual, methodological and empirical–. Then each framework –level– is described, producing a very specific and up-to-date research agenda in which every specific notion is defined and justified.

Published
2004
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10. Intestinal Viral Flora of Healthy Children Demonstrable by Monkey Kidney Tissue Culture

Author

M. Ramos-Alvarez and Albert B. Sabin

Subjects
Flora, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Rectum, Articles, Haplorhini, General Medicine, Immunologic Tests, Kidney, medicine.disease, Poliomyelitis, Tissue Culture Techniques, Tissue culture, medicine.anatomical_structure, Monkey kidney, Viruses, medicine, biology.protein, Animals, Antibody, business
Published
1956
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12. Characteristics of Poliomyelitis and Other Enteric Viruses Recovered in Tissue Culture from Healthy American Children

Author

Albert B. Sabin and M. Ramos-Alvarez

Subjects
Bacteriology, Gamma globulin, Immunologic Tests, Biology, Coxsackievirus, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, United States, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Group B, Virus, Serology, Poliomyelitis, Intestines, Poliovirus, Viruses, medicine, Paralysis, Enterovirus, medicine.symptom
Abstract

SummaryRectal swabs from 1566 healthy American children who had no contact with clinically recognized cases of poliomyelitis were tested in monkey kidney tissue cultures. Among the 31 cytopathogenic agents which were recovered, 5 were poliomyelitis virus (three Type 2 and two Type 3), one was a group B Coxsackievirus, and 25 belonged to a hitherto unidentified group of enteric viruses. This new group of human enteric or HE viruses is antigenically unrelated to the so-called “orphan viruses” recovered in tissue culture by Melnick and by Steigman et al., from the stools of patients with suspected nonparalytic poliomyelitis. 22 of (these 25 new viruses belong to 3 distinct serologic types (8 were Type 1, 11 Type 2 and 3 Type 3). The HE 1, HE 3 and the 3 unclassified strains were neutralized by human gamma globulin while the HE 2 virus was not. The HE 1 and HE 2 strains produced neither paralysis nor any significant lesions after intraspinal injection in cynomolgus monkeys. The 5 poliomyelitis viruses were al...

Published
1954
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15. Landmark article Aug 6, 1960: Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. By Albert B. Sabin, Manuel Ramos-Alvarez, José Alvarez-Amezquita, William Pelon, Richard H. Michaels, Ilya Spigland, Meinrad A. Koch, Joan M. Barnes, and Johng S. Rhim

Author

Albert B. Sabin, Alvarez-Amezquita J, William Pelon, M. Ramos-Alvarez, Richard H. Michaels, Ilya Spigland, J M Barnes, Meinrad A. Koch, and Johng S. Rhim

Subjects
education.field_of_study, business.industry, Poliovirus, Population, Vaccination, Ilya, General Medicine, History, 20th Century, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, United States, Mass immunization, Intestinal Diseases, Virus Diseases, Child, Preschool, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral, Viral Interference, Medicine, Humans, business, education, Mexico, Enteric virus, Poliomyelitis
Published
1984

16. [Appendicitis in private pediatric practice]

Author

M, Ramos-Alvarez, L, Bessudo, G, Porras, and F, Beltrán Brown

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Age Factors, Infant, Pain, Appendix, Appendicitis, Leukocyte Count, Sex Factors, Child, Preschool, Acute Disease, Appendectomy, Humans, Female, Diagnostic Errors, Child, Retrospective Studies
Published
1974

26. [ROLE OF VIRUSES IN INFANTILE DIARRHEA]

Author

M, RAMOS ALVAREZ, S, MARTINEZ, and M, ZUNIGA

Subjects
Diarrhea, Intestines, Virus Diseases, Diarrhea, Infantile, Viruses, Humans, Infant, Mexico
Published
1964

27. [Viruses and bacteria in the diarrhea of children]

Author

M, RAMOS ALVAREZ

Subjects
Diarrhea, Bacteria, Virus Diseases, Salmonella Infections, Viruses, Humans, Infant, Shigella, Child, Infections, Escherichia coli Infections, Dysentery, Bacillary
Published
1962

30. Vaccination with combined live measles and rubella vaccines

Author

M, Ramos Alvarez and L, Bessudo

Subjects
Male, Clinical Trials as Topic, Injections, Subcutaneous, Measles Vaccine, Vaccination, Vaccines, Attenuated, Placebos, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Methods, Humans, Female, Rubella Vaccine, Child, Rubella, Measles
Published
1972

32. Enteropathogenic viruses and bacteria; role in summer diarrheal diseases of infancy and early childhood

Author

Albert B. Sabin and M. Ramos-Alvarez

Subjects
Diarrhea, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Prevalence, Microbiology, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Child, biology, Bacteria, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Outbreak, Infant, biology.organism_classification, Coliform bacteria, Virus Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Viruses, Etiology, Seasons, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

A test group of 153 children with summer diarrhea were compared with a matched contratest group of 100 children without diarrhea as to the results of bacteriological and virological examination of rectal swabs. In addition, acute and convalescent phase serums were obtained from many of the patients. The number of enteroviruses recovered from the rectal swabs of the test group was 2.5 times the number recovered from the contratest group. Viruses of the ECHO group were recovered six times more often from the children with diarrhea, and it is only to these viruses that a statistically significant etiological role could be assigned. Other important data as to the etiological significance and interrelations of enteropathogenic viruses and bacteria were obtained. It appeared that summer diarrhea of very young children is not an entity but rather a consequence of transitory infections with a large variety of bacterial and viral pathogens.

Published
1958

33. LIVE, ORALLY GIVEN POLIOVIRUS VACCINE

Author

William Pelon, Joan M. Barnes, Albert B. Sabin, M. Ramos-Alvarez, Ilya Spigland, Meinrad A. Koch, Johng S. Rhim, Richard H. Michaels, and José Alvarez-Amezquita

Subjects
education.field_of_study, business.industry, viruses, media_common.quotation_subject, Poliovirus, Population, General Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Mass Vaccination, Virology, Poliomyelitis, Vaccination, Immunization, Hygiene, Immunity, Viruses, medicine, Humans, education, business, Viral Interference, media_common
Abstract

The phenomenon of viral interference must be taken into account in planning the use of live poliovirus vaccine in areas where conditions favor the extensive dissemination of naturally occurring polioviruses. Experience with feeding a trivalent vaccine to 26,033 children in a tropical city of 100, 000 population led to the conclusion that interference was overcome by mass feeding of vaccine to 86% of all children under 11 years within a period of about four days, and that, because dissemination of the poliovirus was self-limited, a second feeding of trivalent vaccine was necessary to achieve immunization of almost all children. Recommendations are here formulated for the eradication of poliomyelitis, but they apply only to subtropical and tropical regions with extensive dissemination of various enteric viruses and not to temperate zones with good sanitation and hygiene during certain periods of the year and under conditions of low or absent dissemination of enteric viruses.

Published
1960
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34. Epidemic Diarrhea in Premature Infants

Author

M. Ramos-Alvarez and J. Olarte

Subjects
Serotype, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Outbreak, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Enteritis, Epidemic diarrhea, Diarrhea, Epidemiology, medicine, Etiology, medicine.symptom, business, Escherichia coli
Abstract

IN MARCH 1962 during an outbreak of diarrhea in the ward for premature infants of a small children's hospital (Hospital Moctezuma) in Mexico City, a newly reported serotype of Escherichia coli (0142:K86[B]:H6) which appears to have enteropathogenic properties was isolated. Attempts to recover known enteroviruses or other enteropathogenic bacteria during the epidemic were unsuccessful. Previous to this time, there has been only the original description of this serotype of E coli recorded in the literature. This characterization by Orskov et al 1 was based on a strain isolated from the stools of an infant with diarrhea in Djakarta. Description of Outbreak From March 4 to April 6, 1962, 18 of 21 premature children admitted to the ward of the Hospital Moctezuma developed diarrhea. All these children had come from different maternity hospitals in Mexico City. Six of the 18 infants with diarrhea were seen between March 4 and March 9

Published
1965
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35. Utility of the Serum Protein Electrophoresis in the Opportunistic Screening for the Deficiency of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin.

Author

Fernández-Gomez B, Menao-Guillén S, Fernandez Gonzalez A, Arruebo Muñio M, Ramos Alvarez M, Inda Landaluce M, Castillo Arce MA, and Torralba-Cabeza MÁ

Abstract

Background: A deficiency in alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT1) is a rare disorder that represents a significant health threat and early diagnostic priority issue. We investigated the usefulness of the serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) as an opportunistic screening tool for AAT1 deficiency., Methods: For 6 months, all SPE carried out for any reasons were evaluated in our center. In those with less than 3% of alpha-1 globulins, AAT1 concentrations were studied. The SERPINA1 gene was subsequently sequenced in those patients displaying concentrations below 100 mg/dL., Results: Out of the total, 14 patients (0.3%) were identified with low AAT1 concentrations, with 11 of them agreeing to enter the study. Of those, mutations in the SERPINA1 gene were discovered in 10 patients (91%). Heterozygous mutations were detected in seven patients; three had the c.1096G>A mutation (p.Glu366Lys; Pi*Z), two had the c.863A>T mutation (p.Glu288Val; Pi*S), one had the c.221_223delTCT mutation (p.Phe76del; Pi*Malton), and the last one had the c.1066G>A (p.Ala356Thr) mutation, which was not previously described. Finally, one patient had the c.863A>T mutation in homozygosis, whereas two double heterozygous patients c.863A>T/c.1096G>A were detected., Conclusions: An altered result in the concentration of AAT1 anticipates a mutation in the SERPINA1 gene in a manner close to 91%. The relationship between a decrease in the alpha-1 globulin band of the SPE and an alteration in the AAT1 concentration is direct in basal states of health. The SPE is presented as a highly sensitive test for opportunistic screening of AAT1 deficiency.

Published
2023
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36. Overlap of pathology in paralytic rabies and axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Author

Sheikh KA, Ramos-Alvarez M, Jackson AC, Li CY, Asbury AK, and Griffin JW

Subjects
Campylobacter jejuni immunology, Electrophysiology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fatal Outcome, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Macrophages pathology, Male, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Paralysis pathology, Spinal Cord pathology, Spinal Nerve Roots pathology, Guillain-Barre Syndrome pathology, Rabies pathology
Abstract

We describe clinical and pathological features of a case of paralytic rabies with acute axonal neuropathy that closely resembled axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome. This case emphasizes that there is overlap of both clinical and pathological features in paralytic rabies and axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome. These findings raise the possibility that infectious and autoimmune etiologies can lead to similar morphological changes in the nerves.

Published
2005
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38. Landmark article Aug 6, 1960: Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. By Albert B. Sabin, Manuel Ramos-Alvarez, José Alvarez-Amezquita, William Pelon, Richard H. Michaels, Ilya Spigland, Meinrad A. Koch, Joan M. Barnes, and Johng S. Rhim.

Author

Sabin AB, Ramos-Alvarez M, Alvarez-Amezquita J, Pelon W, Michaels RH, Spigland I, Koch MA, Barnes JM, and Rhim JS

Subjects
Child, Preschool, History, 20th Century, Humans, Intestinal Diseases immunology, Mexico, Poliomyelitis prevention & control, United States, Viral Interference, Virus Diseases immunology, Poliomyelitis history, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral history, Vaccination history
Published
1984
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39. [Appendicitis in private pediatric practice].

Author

Ramos-Alvarez M, Bessudo L, Porras G, and Beltrán Brown F

Subjects
Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Appendectomy, Appendicitis diagnosis, Appendicitis surgery, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnostic Errors, Female, Humans, Infant, Leukocyte Count, Male, Pain, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Appendicitis pathology, Appendix pathology
Published
1974

41. Immunization of children with attenuated measles-rubella bivalent vaccine.

Author

Ramos-Alvarez M, Miller BH, Jackson JE, Schwarz AJ, and Bessudo L

Subjects
Bronchitis etiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Trials as Topic, Conjunctivitis etiology, Cough etiology, Dermatitis etiology, Fever etiology, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Humans, Infant, Rhinitis etiology, Immunization, Measles prevention & control, Measles Vaccine administration & dosage, Measles Vaccine adverse effects, Rubella prevention & control, Rubella Vaccine administration & dosage, Rubella Vaccine adverse effects, Vaccines, Attenuated administration & dosage, Vaccines, Attenuated adverse effects
Abstract

The effects of simultaneous administration of Schwarz-strain measles virus vaccine and Cendehill-strain rubella virus vaccine as a single bivalent injection was evaluated in 346 children susceptible to both diseases. With placebo and monovalent controls, four bivalent preparations were used in a double-blind protocol to determine the effects of variations in the concentration of one or both components. No unusual reactions occurred and simultaneous administration did not enhance clinical reactivity. For measles, the seroconversion rate was 97% for monovalent vaccine and 97% to 100% (average 98%) for bivalent vaccines. For rubella, the rate was 100% for monovalent vaccine and 94% to 100% (average 99%) for bivalent vaccines. Thus, the vaccines were as safe and effective when given together as when given separately.

Published
1975
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42. [Use of the muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of Reye's syndrome].

Author

Gamboa-Marrufo JD, Amaro-Gálvez R, Ramos-Alvarez M, and Valencia-Mayoral P

Subjects
Biopsy adverse effects, Child, Female, Hemorrhage etiology, Hemorrhage prevention & control, Humans, Infant, Liver pathology, Liver Diseases etiology, Liver Diseases prevention & control, Male, Reye Syndrome etiology, Reye Syndrome pathology, Muscles pathology, Reye Syndrome diagnosis
Published
1985

43. [Viruses and bacteria in the diarrhea of children].

Author

RAMOS ALVAREZ M

Subjects
Child, Humans, Infant, Bacteria, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Bacillary, Escherichia coli Infections, Infections, Salmonella Infections, Shigella, Virus Diseases, Viruses
Published
1962

49. Vaccination with combined live measles and rubella vaccines.

Author

Ramos Alvarez M and Bessudo L

Subjects
Child, Clinical Trials as Topic, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Injections, Subcutaneous, Male, Methods, Placebos, Vaccines, Attenuated, Measles prevention & control, Measles Vaccine administration & dosage, Rubella prevention & control, Rubella Vaccine administration & dosage, Vaccination
Published
1972

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