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This study describes the impact of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge in creating regional connectivity and mobility in traffic movement, thus contributing to the socioeconomic development of Bangladesh. It finds that the travel time between the Dhaka division and the southwestern region will be saved by about two hours for cars and buses and by over 10 hours for trucks due to new connectivity through the bridge. It will reduce the distance from Mongla Port to Dhaka by more than 100 km to 170 km and save a lot of working hours, which will further accelerate the growth of the country’s economy. Additionally, a total of 212.05 km of the new railway line is being constructed for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge, which will connect Dhaka with the country’s largest land port, Jessore. After the Padma Bridge Rail Link project is done, the travel time from Dhaka to Kolkata via Jessore will be cut in half, and it will take only 3 to 4 hours. Moreover, the bridge will also pave the way for putting in place a new route for the Trans-Asian Railway network. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge is estimated to boost the country’s annual GDP by 1.23 percent and the southwestern region’s GDP by 2.5 percent. Moreover, the Padma Multipurpose Bridge will reduce the poverty rate by 1.01 percent at the regional level and by 0.84 percent at the national level. This study finds that to take full advantage of the newly constructed bridge, the southern part of the outer ring road of Dhaka proposed in RSTP should be completed soon. Padma Multipurpose Bridge will work as a key component of Asian Highway-1, boosting economic growth in Asia and improving the country's standing on the continent.

In this article we discuss the concept of wavelets, different forms of wavelets and their properties, graphs of different wavelets and their Fourier transforms are shown. We have also discussed the comparative advantages of wavelet transforms over Fourier transforms- in analyzing signals.

Various government and non-government organizations in Bangladesh are trying to socio-economic development of the rural poor through Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In this context, the purpose of the study was to assess the impact of small enterprise loan programme (SELP) of Palli Daridro Bimochon Foundation (PDBF) on the socio-economic development of the beneficiaries. The study was conducted in four upazilas (sub-district) of Bangladesh. Face to face interview was conducted to collect relevant data from the randomly selected 271 respondents. The survey revealed that majority (69.40%) of the respondents developed their socio-economic conditions which ranged from medium to high level compared to 30.60 % of the respondents was at low level. The regression result showed that the socio-economic development of the beneficiaries is characterized by their higher age, higher education, longer experience in involvement, higher savings, lower loan availability, higher satisfaction and favourable attitude towards SELP. The findings may contribute to improving SELP beneficiaries’ socio-economic condition through more effective policies.

Spinach is a leafy green vegetable cultivated in most part of the world due to its nutritive and medicinal value. Fifty-one germplasm of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) collected from diverse geographical region of Bangladesh were evaluated to assess their diversity using several qualitative and quantitative characters. Variation was found in all the characters except Inflorescence color and seed type. Leaf shape was exhibited as elliptic, broad elliptic, ovate and broad ovate where elliptic shape was found in maximum germplasm. The highest quantitative variation was observed in edible leaf weight per plant followed by petiole length and number of lateral branches. Germplasm TRMR-95, NT-34, TRMR-136, NRI-121 had longer leaf and NRI121, TRMR-136, RC-139, TRMR-12 and NT-33 had broader leaf. Germplasm RC-139 had highest number of lateral branches. The germplasm NQ-68 required maximum days for bolting which was followed by TRMR-136 and RNF-126 that was most important characters for spinach. The dendrogram shown that the maximum thirty-six germplasm were grouped into cluster I and Cluster IV was occupied by only one germplasm. The maximum cluster mean value was observed in Cluster II for the characters leaf length, leaf width and edible leaf weight per plant. The first PC explained 37.10% of the total variability and the second PC explained 22.90% of the variation among fifty-one spinach germplasm. Populations with high scores for the first eigenvectors are leaf length (0.4860), leaf width (0.4827) and petiole length (0.4792) these traits were the most important contributors towards diversity of the germplasm in PC1. Considering leaf characters and bolting time, germplasm TRMR-136, TRMR-144, R-342, RNF-26, NQ-68 and RC-139 were selected for future breeding program.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients characterize a large proportion of admissions in coronary care unit and their management and risk stratification is of immense importance. Hypomagnesemia is a long-term risk factor for incident of both myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. We assessed whether serum magnesium levels at admission is associated with arrhythmias and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic implications of serum magnesium level in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of cardiology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from October 2017 to March 2019. Total 259 acute myocardial infarction patients were included considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample population was divided into two groups: Group-I: Patients with acute myocardial infarction with serum magnesium ≥1.82mg/dl. Group-II: Patients with acute myocardial infarction with serum magnesium1.82mg/dl. Serum magnesium level was measured on admission, and the incidence of in-hospital major cardiac events was assessed. In this study mean serum magnesium level of Group-I, Group-II were 2.21±0.14mg/dl, 1.60±0.15mg/dl respectively. It was statistically significant (p0.05). In-hospital outcomes of the study group revealed that low risk group patients were uneventful outcome during hospitalization period, they had no any complication. In Group-I patient, 9(4.8%) were developed arrhythmias, 26(13.9%) were developed heart failure, 9(4.8%) were developed cardiogenic shock and 3(1.6%) were died and in Group-II patient, 44(61.10%) developed arrhythmias, 9(12.50%) were developed heart failure, 7(9.7%) were developed cardiogenic shock and 12(16.7%) were died out of them which was statistically significant (p0.05). Mean duration of hospital stay of the study population according serum magnesium level was in Group-I, 4.27±0.68 days, in Group-II, 5.84±1.05 days which was statistically significant (p0.05). In conclusion patient with serum magnesium level less than 1.82mg/dl increased the risk of in-hospital arrhythmia and death.

A study was carried out at each of three flood affected reverine villages of three upazilas (small administrative unit) under Jamalpur district in Bangladesh during September, 2011 to May, 2012 to find out the contribution of the characteristics of the farmers to the use of coping strategies towards household food security practiced by the farmers during flood. Data were collected from randomly selected 336 respondents both the qualitative and quantitative techniques and analyzed with the help of SPSS. Out of 18 characteristics, 11 had positive, 2 had negative and 5 had no significant relation with coping strategies towards household food security during flood period. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that six variables namely participation in income generating activities (IGAs) (20.1 percent), knowledge on flood coping mechanisms (8.5 percent), cosmopoliteness (6.5 percent), utilization percentage of received credit (2.0 percent), water and sanitation condition (1.6 percent) and year round household food situation (0.8 percent) were the major contributing variables which combindly explained 39.5 percent of total variations. Path analysis revealed that knowledge on flood coping mechanisms had the highest positive direct effects (0.285) and participation in IGAs had highest positive indirect effects (0.169) on coping strategy practices. Considering the relative contribution on the coping strategy practices towards household food security during flood period, based on their direct effects, the six variables could be arranged as follows knowledge on flood coping mechanism > participation in income generating activities > cosmopoliteness > water and sanitation condition > year round household food situation > utilization of received credit.

A study was carried out at each of three flood affected reverine villages of three upazilas (small administrative unit) under Jamalpur district in Bangladesh during September, 2011 to May, 2012 to find out the coping strategies towards household food security practices by the farmers during flood period. Data were collected from randomly selected 336 respondents of 6720 farm families through both the qualitative and quantitative techniques and analyzed with the help of SPSS. A three-point rating scale was used for measuring the coping strategies considering five components such as food preservation, food management, food collection, agricultural products protection and some social aspects. The overall situation about practicing coping strategy had medium to high level where 70.83 percent were practiced high, 29.17 percent medium and none of them were under practiced low coping strategy towards household food security. Based on the above findings, it can be said that still now there is an ample scope for the development workers to work with the flood affected people for creating awareness towards better utilization of existing resources for improving their food situation as well as livelihoods.

A study was carried out at flood affected reverine villages of three upazilas under Jamalpur district in Bangladesh during September, 2011 to May, 2012 to explore the relationship, contribution and direct–indirect effect between personal attributes and their coping strategies towards household food security practiced by the farmers during flood. Data were collected from randomly selected respondents through both the qualitative and quantitative techniques and analyzed with the help of SSPS. Out of 18 personal, economic, social and psychological characteristics of the farmers, the personal education, housing condition, annual income, annual expenditure, savings, organizational participation, participation in IGAs, cosmopoliteness, environmental awareness, knowledge on flood coping mechanisms and household food security had positive and credit received and utilization of received credit had negative while age, family size, training received, risk orientation and involvement in safety net programmes had no significant relation with coping strategies towards household food security during flood period.

A study was carried out at each of three flood affected reverine villages of three upazilas (small administrative unit) under Jamalpur district in Bangladesh during September, 2011 to May, 2012 to find out the constraints faced by farmers in practicing coping strategies towards household food security during flood. The qualitative information as obtained from the focus group discussion (FGD) and scored causal diagrams (SCDs) were used to supplement the quantitative data to add new information if necessary in descriptive manner. Priority of constraints are differ from one farmer to another due to cultivated land topography, involvement of family labour in cultivation processes, precautionary measures taken against flood, previous experience, prediction of flood damage etc. ‘Lack of appropriate agricultural rehabilitation program’, ‘improper and inadequate relief distributed by GO/NGO’, ‘high price of agricultural inputs’ and ‘lack of technical knowledge on flood’ were identified as major constraints being faced by farmers in practicing flood coping strategy towards household food security. Lack of flood resistance crop varieties, inadequate organizational (GO/NGO) relief in time, lack of credit, agricultural labour and quality seeds in time (after flood) were found major constraints by almost all categories of farmers for overcoming food crisis created by the whim of nature. Go and NGO can take necessary steps against this adverse situations.

A study was carried out at flood affected reverine villages of three upazilas (small administrative unit) under Jamalpur district in Bangladesh during September, 2011 to May, 2012 to explore the relationship, contribution and direct–indirect effect between personal attributes and their coping strategies towards household food security practiced by the farmers during flood. Data were collected from randomly selected respondents and analyzed through both the qualitative and quantitative techniques by using a statistical program. Out of 18 personal, economic, social and psychological characteristics of the farmers, the personal education, housing condition, annual income, annual expenditure, savings, organizational participation, participation in IGAs, cosmopoliteness, environmental awareness, knowledge on flood coping mechanisms and household food security had positive but both credit received and utilization of received credit had negative. In addition, age, family size, training received, risk orientation and involvement in safety net programs are insignificant with coping strategies towards household food security during flood period.

Increase platelet count can accompany various cancers including lung cancer. This finding has recently been suggested to indicate poor prognosis. In patients with malignancies, thrombocytosis has previously been related disease stage, histological type and survival. In this study, the prevalence of thrombocytosis and the prognostic information provided by platelet count were analyzed in patients with stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with an aim to assess elevated platelet count as a prognostic factor in patients with stage IV NSCLC and to investigate whether there is relationship between thrombocytosis, other clinico-pathologic factors and median survival. This prospective observational study was conducted in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2019 to August 2020. A total of 108 patients were enrolled purposively. Detail history taking, thorough physical examination was done along with relevant investigations. Data were collected by semi structured questionnaire and analysis was done with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 21.0. The mean age of the patients was found 56.4±12.2 years with range from 35 to 75 years. Majority (79.6%) patients were male, 52.8% patients came from low income and 36.1% were farmer. Majority (40.7%) were symptomatic; in bed50.0% of day. Almost two third (59.3%) had5.0% weight loss. Almost three fourth (69.4%) had squamous cell carcinoma. At the time of first assessment 75(69.4%) patients had normal and 33(30.6%) had elevated platelet count level. Age, sex and histological type were statistically not significant between normal and elevated platelet count level groups. But performance status, weight loss were statistically significant (p0.05) between two groups. According to univariate analysis, age, performance status at presentation, weight loss more than 10.0% for 3 months and platelet count prior the start of treatment were all significant predictors for the overall survival. In multivariate analysis age, performance status at presentation and initial thrombocytosis were independent prognostic determinants for overall survival. Median survival time was significantly higher for the normal platelet count group and elevated platelet count group (7.5 months versus 5.5 months) respectively (95% CI, 5.5-7.5), p0.001. The frequency of thrombocytosis in patients with stage-IV NSCLC at first presentation was 30.6% and median survival time in these patients was significantly shorter compared in patients without thrombocytosis. These results concluded that an elevated platelet count could be a useful prognostic factor for survival in patients with stage-IV NSCLC.

The COVID-19 pandemic, alternatively known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an unfolding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the entire globe in an unprecedented proportion COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 The mode of transmission of COVID-19 is a subject of intense research The airborne transmission is one prime possibility Breathing and talking are natural processes which generate exhaled particles The exhaled air is an aerosol/droplet composed of naturally produced particulates of varying size The duration over which the aerosols/droplets are suspended in the air is an important factor Long suspended aerosols/droplets are potential source of transmission, particularly in confined spaces We have calculated times of suspension by considering various environmental factors, namely, the ambient temperature and relative humidity in a confined space, in this work Both temperature and relative humidity affect the suspension time of the exhaled aerosols/droplets with varying degree The effects of environmental factors are significant for aerosols, particularly for those with small radii We have discussed the possible implications of our findings in this paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Scientific Research is the property of Rajshahi University, Faculty of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

The present work contains synthesis of six Mannich base analogues of ciprofloxacin 2-7 those have been prepared by the Mannich reaction to investigate some therapeutic assessment. The structure of the analogues has been established by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. The derivatives were screened for their antimicrobial activities by the disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of the analogues compared with the parent was evaluated against three Gram-positive, eight Gram-negative bacterial strains, and three different fungal strains. The synthesized compounds showed diverse antimicrobial profiles among which derivatives 2, 3 & 6 possessed enhanced activity in contrast to the ciprofloxacin. Additionally, unlike ciprofloxacin, most of the derivatives were found to demonstrate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity was also made against brine shrimp lethality assay. Interestingly, most of the derivatives revealed enhanced cytotoxic activity than that of ciprofloxacin.

Patients with HIV or AIDS suffer from wide varieties of complications that are related to infection. The eye as an organ is not spared from HIV-related manifestations. The ocular manifestations can be the presenting sign of a systemic infection in an otherwise asymptomatic HIV-positive person. The disease can have adnexal, anterior segment, posterior segment, orbital and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. The objective of the study was to evaluate the ophthalmological manifestations among adult HIV infected patients of Bangladesh and co-relate the findings with CD-4+ T cell count. This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Community Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to September 2015. Purposive sampling technique was applied to enroll the patients. Total 110 patients were enrolled regardless of their immunological status by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant clinical evaluation including historyphysical examinations, laboratory investigations and some ocular examinations like- visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, IOP, indirect ophthalmoscopy with +90D (diopter) and +20D were done. The age of the study population ranged from 20-58 years with mean±SD 37.63±8.16 years. Among the study population 67(60.9%) were male and 43(39.1%) were female. According to ART status, 58(52.7%) were on ART and 52(47.3%) were ART naive. The mean CD4+ T- cells count was 410±281.65 with minimum to maximum was 6-1266 cells/μl. Among them 53(48.2%) had HIV related ocular findings and 57(51.8%) had no HIV related ocular manifestation. In relation with CD+ T- cells count, highly significant relation was found with lower CD4+ T- cells count and ocular manifestation (p=0.001).

There is a growing interest to researchers in human and animal studies through the addition of medicinal plants or their derivatives to their feeds due to the presence of bioactive compounds. A study was carried out to monitor growth performance, fecal microbial loads and nutrient digestibility in crossbred (Local x Holstein Friesian) growing calves. Treatment groups were: HFA1 (CON: Control group, basal diet: green grass + concentrate), HFA2 (CON + fruit of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. 0.5% in-feed and 0.1% in-water), HFA3 (CON + fruit of Terminalia bellirica Gaertn. Roxb. 0.5% in-feed and 0.1% in-water), and HFA4 (CON + fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. 0.5% in-feed and 0.1% in-water). Addition of local herbal feed additives (HFA2, HFA3 and HFA4) improved weight gain and gain to feed ratio (p

This study focused on the feasibility of utilizing waste rubber tyre as coarse aggregate in concrete as a partial replacement of brick aggregate (BA). Within this context, fresh and hardened properties were investigated on concrete made with three different percentage replacements (0, 10 and 20% by volume) of BA by waste rubber tyre aggregate (WRTA). The WRTA was washed with tap water (H2O) and treated with 20% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 2 hours. It was found that the workability and dry density of concrete decrease with an increasing percentage of WRTA. In case of mechanical properties, the compressive strength decreases with the increasing content of both treated and untreated WRTA. The maximum decrease was observed for 20% of both treated and untreated WRTA, which was 41-46% for treated and 47-54% for untreated lower than the reference concrete for all curing ages. It was observed that the concrete made with tyre treated with NaOH provides better strength than untreated tyre aggregate. This behavior could be attributed to the better bonding between cement paste and rubber aggregates as a result of the increased surface roughness by NaOH.

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture research field, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during July-November 2015. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of manures (tobacco dust and sugarcane pressmud) and recommended doses of fertilizers on the soil health status and yield of summer rice. Rice cv. BINA Dhan-4 was grown under six combinations of fertilizers and manures such as i. Check, ii. Recommended Fertilizer Dose (RFD), iii. 75% RFD + one-ton pressmud (PM), iv. 75% RFD + two-tons PM, v. 75% RFD + one-ton tobacco dust (TD), and vi. 75% of RFD + two-tons TD. These treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results demonstrated that 75% RFD plus two-tons TD produced the highest yield and fetched the highest profit. The betterment of yield in this treatment might be attributed to the superior uptake of N, P, K, and S from the soil. Consequently, improved the status of organic matter, total N, available P and S, and exchangeable K status in the experimental soils. Hence, results confirmed that integrating two tons of tobacco dust with 75% of the recommended fertilizer rate is beneficial to obtain the maximum profit from rice cultivation, thereby improving soil health.