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The Internet of things is gaining a lot of interestfrom day to day forvarious applications like Smart cities, Industrial health monitoring, smart homes, etc. IoT systems consist of sensor devices with communication capabilities, actuators, edgegateways, Back end Servers, and IoT applications. The Ultimate goal of an IoT network is to collect sensor data, reliable Transfer sensor data to the backend serverthrough the edgegateways. Back end server delivers the sensor data to the IoT Applications. IoT application process the Sensor data and apply the appropriate decision. Reliable Transfer of sensor data tothe Backend server isessential considering wireless sensor network characteristics, low computation power, and sensor devices' bandwidth. The IoT network deployment signaling protocol plays a crucial role in communicating sensor data to the IoT program. Various application messaging protocols are currently available, like MQ TELEMETRY TRANSPORT, COAP, HTTPetc. These protocols aredesigned, developed considering richcomputation powerand bandwidth. These protocolsare notenergy efficientfor sensor devices. MQ TELEMETRY TRANSPORT-SN protocol specified for sensor devices considering wireless sensor networks. In this article, Message Telemetry Transfer Protocol-sensor networks were planned, built, and validated according to the MQ TELEMETRY TRANSPORT-SN specification.

A very simple, highly selective and non-extractive spectrophotometric method for the trace amounts of palladium(II) has been developed. Pyridoxal thiosemicarbazone (PTSC) has been proposed as a new analytical reagent for the direct non-extractive spectrophotometric determination of palladium (II). The reagent reacts with palladium in acidic medium(pH 2.0, CH3COONa and Con. HCl ) to form a pale yellow coloured 1: 2 (M : L) complex. The reaction is instantaneous and the maximum absorption was obtained at 420 nm and remains stable for 2 hrs. The molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity were found to be 1.63 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.635 μg cm-2 respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.9- 10.0 μg/ml of palladium(II). The method is highly selective for palladium and successfully used for determination of palladium in various hydrogenation catalysts.

Polymer films of PVA:Gd3+ and PVA:Ho3+ have been synthesized by a solution casting method in order to study their structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. The semicrystalline nature of the polymer films has been confirmed from XRD analysis. The FTIR analysis confirms the complex formation of the polymer with the metal ions. Dielectric studies of these films have also been carried out at various set temperatures in the frequency from 100 Hz to 1 MHz for carrying out impedance spectroscopy analysis to evaluate the electrical conductivity which arises due to a single conduction mechanism and thus to have a single semicircle pattern from these polymer films. The DC electrical conductivity increases with an increase in the temperature and it could be due to high mobility of free charges (polarons and free ions) at higher temperatures. The conductivity trend follows the Arrhenius equation for PVA:Gd3+ and for PVA:Ho3+ polymer films. PVA:Gd3+ polymer films show ferromagnetic nature, and PVA:Ho3+ polymer films have revealed paramagnetic nature based on the trends noticed in the magnetic characteristic profiles.

Reliable and sustainable energy supply is fundamental to the economic and social fabric of nations, and to the well-being and quality of life for their citizens. Major power generation in India is carried out by conventional energy sources, coal and mineral oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission. India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources, and it has one of the largest programs in the world for deploying renewable energy products and systems. Rene wable energy is a clean and sustainable source of energy derived from nature and it has potential to provide solutions to the venerable energy problems being faced by the developing countries like India. To overcome energy shortage in India the renewable energy sources like wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, biomass energy and fuel cell technology can be used. Indeed, it is the only country in the world to have an exclusive ministry for renewable energy development, the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES). This paper reviews the renewable energy scenario of India. It begins by describing the importance of renewable energy and its advantages over fossil fuels. It gives an overview of the renewable energies in India while evaluating the current status and the deployment of each of these technologies to date in India.

Highly transparent and very clear natured PVA: Cr3+ and PVA: Ti3+ polymer films of good quality have been synthesized by employing solution cast method. XRD profiles of reference PVA film has shown totally amorphous nature, however due to the presence of Cr3+ or Ti3+, PVA films have acquired some crystalline natured based on the XRD profiles of these two films in comparison with the reference host film. By employing the tools of SEM and EDAX, analysis of these doped films have been made confirming the presence of dopant ions in the PVA film matrices. FTIR profiles of PVA film has been investigated for the structural details of it. For the both the transition metal ions doped PVA films, dielectric properties related profiles have been measured to understand their potentialities. In order to understand thermal properties of these films, their TG-DTA measurement have been carried out. Both optical absorption and emission spectra of these polymers have been carried out, electronic assignments to those bands h...

Highly transparent and very clear nature of PVDF: Ti3+, PVDF: Cr3+, and PVDF: Fe3+ polymer films of good quality have been synthesized by employing solution casting method. XRD profiles have confirmed semicrystalline structures in α-, β-, and γ-PVDF phases. IR spectra have confirmed these findings and revealed some structural defects such as monofluorinated alkenes. Emission spectra reveal that PVDF: Ti3+ has a blue emission, PVDF: Cr3+ has blue emission, and PVDF: Fe3+ red emission was observed. The conductivity and dielectric measurements have also been carried out as function of frequency and temperature changes. Due to the presence of the transition metal ions in these films, significant improvement in the ionic conductivity has been noticed. The dielectric behaviors of these films have been analyzed using dielectric permittivity (ε1), dissipation factor (tan δ), and impedance spectra (Z1 and Z11). VSM measurements have confirmed that the PVDF: Ti3+ exhibits antiferromagnetic nature, PVDF: Cr3+ film ferromagnetic nature, and PVDF: Fe3+ film strong paramagnetic nature. Thus, the present study has successfully explored the fact that these optical materials are also potential enough in both conductivity and magnetic properties for their use in applications suitably.

Polymer films of PVA:Mn2+ and PVA: Ni2+ have been synthesized by a solution casting method in order to study their structural, thermal, dielectric, electrical and magnetic properties. The semi‐crystalline nature of the polymer films has been confirmed from XRD analysis. The FTIR analysis confirms the complex formation of the polymer with the metal ions. Thermal stability of these films has been investigated based on the measurement of TG‐DTA profiles. Dielectric studies of these films have also been carried out at various set temperatures in the frequency from 100 Hz to 1 MHz for carrying out impedance spectroscopy analysis to evaluate the electrical conductivity which arises due to a single conduction mechanism and thus and thus to have a single semicircle pattern from these polymer films. The direct current (dc) electrical conductivity increases with an increase in the temperature and it could be due to high mobility of free charges (polarons and free‐ions) at higher temperatures. The conductivity trend follows the Arrhenius equation and the activation energy for PVA: Mn2+ has been found to be at 0.83 eV and 2.193eV and for PVA: Ni2+ has been found to be 0.71 eV. Both the polymer films that are investigated here have revealed paramagnetic nature based on the trends noticed in the magnetic characteristic profiles.