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Aim of the current piece of work was to study the food composition and feeding intensity of Channa striata from Krishna river from June, 2019 to July 2020. The gut contents were analysed from the three stations to undertaken the food composition of the fish. The major components of food items in the gut of fish was: fishes and their larvae, crustaceans, insect larvae, annelids with semi digested material and unidentified items. Fishes are identified as of teleost, particularly carps and cat fish larvae but most of the fishes leftovers could not be recognized since they are found in advanced phases of digestion with only scales & skeleton remains. Gastropods are identified as polycheate larvae, and Crustaceans are prawn and crab larvae. The percentage occurrence of fishes and their larvae in gut contents and also feeding intensity were indicated that C. striata preferential food was fishes followed by crustaceans.

Without enough sleep, a person, especially a driver, is more likely to nod off and cause a collision. To prevent accidents on the road, the current study seeks to develop a system that can identify drowsy drivers. For that system, it will be necessary to process images from a camera that will be trained on the driver. It will analyze the facial changes that take place in this process, run them through a computer to identify drowsiness, and then alarm the driver if it is detected.

Background: Tooth mobility may be a common problem among patients seeking dental treatment. Tooth mobility is defined as an extent of horizontal and vertical tooth displacement created by external forces, trauma and periodontal diseases. Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the pattern of tooth mobility in patients with diabetes mellitus. Study design: Retrospective study Materials and methods: The case sheet records ( DIAS data ) of tooth mobility in diabetic patients were extracted. A total of 1568 case sheets were analysed for the study. Age, gender and pattern of tooth mobility with respect to the region were collected and statistically analysed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, SD) and inferential test (Chi square test) were performed to determine the association between age, gender and region of tooth mobility in diabetes mellitus patients. Results: Results showed that tooth mobility was more common among males when compared to females. According to age, patients between 41 to 50 years with diabetes mellitus were more affected by tooth mobility. Tooth mobility was more commonly seen in the mandibular anterior region. Conclusion: The present study showed a possible relationship between diabetes mellitus and tooth mobility. Results showed that 80% of patients with diabetes mellitus had tooth mobility. Therefore, early diagnosis, preventive therapeutic measures and oral hygiene reinforcement is needed to prevent progression of periodontal disease leading to tooth mobility.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of the use of particulate graft versus block bone graft in ridge augmentation. Introduction: Ridge augmentation is a process of replacing the lost bone of residual ridge by grafting natural or synthetic material. Dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge after extraction often compromises on achieving optimal implant stability and placement of implants in the right prosthodontic positions. These situations demand augmentation of the residual ridge to achieve successful implant placement and long-term survival. Materials and Methods: Case sheets of thirty-eight patients who had underwent ridge augmentation procedure were analysed for the study. The collected data was statistically analysed using chi square test and the results were obtained. SPSS software was used for obtaining the results. Results and Discussion: Majority of the participants in the study were around the age 15-30 years. Around 74% of the participants have undergone particulate bone graft rather than block bone graft. From the study it is proven that around 81% of the augmentation type are for the hard tissue. Conclusion: Hence from the study it is proven that particulate graft is more commonly opted than block bone graft.

Aim: To assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of periodontal therapy during pregnancy among dental professionals Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 dental professionals in and around Chennai. A well-structured questionnaire consisted of 18 questions which were used to assess the awareness of periodontal therapy during pregnancy among dental professionals. Simple randomised sampling method was used to categories the sample population (online survey participants).The knowledge, awareness, scores were calculated for the correct answers to the questions. Based on their response data were statistically analysed. Results: Based on statistical analysis results were tabulated. Around 74% of participants were undergraduates and 26% were postgraduates. Around 64% of the participants were aware of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with periodontal disease. 80% of the participants were aware that pregnant patients must be turned to the left side on a dental chair for any dental examination and treatment. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that knowledge and awareness of periodontal therapy during pregnancy among dental professionals are appreciable among postgraduates than undergraduates. The attitude of the dental professionals, particularly undergraduates toward bringing the facts into clinical practice needs to be improved through integrated programs which can provide better and safe treatment to pregnant patients.

This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity of traditional formulation usingphyla nodiflora, Hibiscus rosa sinesis, Phyllanthus emblica, and piper nigrumplant against pathogens. cold press oil and refined oil extracts of the above plants were prepared and their antimicrobial properties were evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition using the disk diffusion method. Various fractions showed antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus,and antifungal activity againstAspergillus nigerandAspergillus flavus.The results indicated that all of the extracts show antimicrobial properties. The highest potential was observed in formulation 4 (phyla nodifloraleaves & cold press oil) 18 mm zone of inhibition. The cold press oil extract shows maximum inhibition against bacteria as compared to fungi. The experiment confirmed the usingphyla nodiflora, Hibiscus rosa sinesis, Phyllanthus emblica, and piper nigrumoil extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of scalp infectious diseases caused by the test organism. The current investigation shows leaves ofPhyla nodiflorahave potent antimicrobial activity further study is needed to explore its full potential.

Background and Objectives: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is one of the major causes for mortality and morbidity among the cardiovascular diseases in India. In this study the modifiable risk factors leading to ACS are considered and its prevalence in a Tertiary care hospital is studied. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective type of study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with ACS were taken in this study. Their data was taken, and results were formulated in excel data sheet. Results: Among the UA patients, 65% were found to be dyslipidaemic, 60% as obese, 45% as diabetics, 47.5% as hypertensive and 40% as smokers. Among the NSTEMI patients, 66.67% were found to be dyslipidaemic, 52.78% as hypertensive, 44.44% as smokers, 30.56% as diabetics and 27.78% as obese. Among the STEMI patients, 37.50% were found to be dyslipidemic, 25% as both diabetic and obese, 20.83% as hypertensive,12.5% as smokers. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and obesity showed significance. Conclusion: The prevalence of modifiable risk factors is a major concern for developing ACS and when they are modified there will be a great reduction in the incidence of ACS.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is standing as a never before threat to the healthcare systems and hospital operations worldwide.Transmission of coronavirus (COVID-19) is a considerable risk during the perioperative period of surgery. Treatment algorithms have changed in general surgery clinics, as in other medical disciplines providing emergency services. OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to evaluate the changes in approach to management and the perioperative outcome of patients with acute surgical emergency during COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:We performed a retrospective observational study in patients presented with acute surgical emergency between April 2020 to June 2021. RESULTS: A total of 298 patients were included, among whom 12 (3.4%) were COVID 19 positive. 274 non-COVID patients and 8 COVID-19 positive patients underwent emergency surgery.While 12 non-COVID (4.1%) and 4 COVID-19 positive patients (40%) underwent conservative management. None of the hospital staff involved in the surgeries of COVID-19 positive patients developed any symptoms related to COVID-19. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the patients with surgical emergency both with or without COVID-19 infection were successfully treated,without influencing each other,through appropriate isolation measures,although managed in the same hospital. Importance can also be given towards conservative management particularly for COVID-19 positive patients presenting with surgical emergency selectively with proper monitoring. So it can be concluded that, although the management of surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge,adequate preparedness and strategic plan to adjust the surgical services can reduce the exposures to this highly contagious virus.

The aim of the study was to evaluate anti epileptic activity of ethanolic extract of M. kaenigii on MES, PTZ Induced convulsions in Rats. After the collection of the plant it was extracted with using ethanol solvent by maceration method. Preliminary Phytochemical analysis was done. Acute toxicity was studied. Assessments of antioxidant activity by assay of superoxide dismutase were done and also different enzyme analysis was studied. Effect of EEMK on ME induced convlusions was done in PHT treated animals. Secondary metabolites including alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids were found to be present in the extract and these could have a wide range of compounds with pharmacological activities including those found in this study. Effect of antioxidant enzymes on MES and PTZ induced convolutions were studied. EEMK significantly inhibited the PTZ-induced convulsion, prolonged the latency for convulsion and decreased mortality. The PTZ kindling model is a widely used screening model for testing anticonvulsive compounds. Results based on the PTZ induced clonic seizures and MES induced generalized clonic-tonic seizures in rats model demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Murraya koenigii - Linn. is effective in reducing the severity of clonic seizures and generalized clonic-tonic seizures. This, therefore, supports the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of epilepsy. Key Words:anti epileptic activity, M. kaenigii, PTZ, EEMK, PHT. REFERENCES Chatterji S, Singh RK, Shukla S, Yadav DK, Watal G. Glycemic effect of freeze dried Murraya koenigii — an evidence based study[J]. Int J Pharma Bio Sci, 2010, 1(2) : 1-9. Khuntia TK, Panda DS. Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity of Murraya koenigii Spreng[J]. Pharma Sci Monit, 2011, 2(2) : 105-110. Ningappaa MB, Dhananjayaa BL, Dineshaa R, Harshaa R, Srinivas L. Potent antibacterial property of APC protein from curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.)[J]. Food Chem, 2010, 118(3) : 747-750. Rajeshwar Y and Lalitha R. 2013. Prelimiminary Phytochemical Screening AndIn VitroAnthelmintic Effects Of Acmella Paniculata Plant Extracts. Biolife. 1(3), 106-112. Pande MS, Gupta SPBN, Pathak A. Hepatoprotective activity of Murraya koenigii Linn bark[J]. J Herb Med Toxicol, 2009, 3(1) : 69-71. Parmar C, Kaushal MK. Murraya koenigii. In: Parmar C, Kaushal MK. Wild fruits[M]. New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 1982. 45-48. Wang YS, He HP, Shen YM, Hong X, Hao XJ. Two new carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii[J]. J Nat Prod, 2003, 66(3) : 416-418 &nbsp

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily manifesting as a loss of memory, senile dementia, and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangle formation. C. papaya has a very long history of medicinal use in Chinese and Indian herbal traditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nootropic activity of Carica papaya by using animal model mice. The dried seeds of papaya fruits were used for the extraction by cold maceration method using ethanol as solvent. Preliminary Phytochemical study was performed. Estimation of anti-oxidant enzymes like super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxide and glutathione reductase were done in extract treated mice. Estimation of acetylcholinestarase levels was also done. The ethyl acetate extract gave positive results for alkaloids, flavanoids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, and absence of proteins, saponins, steroids, terpenes, phenols, gums and mucilage. In the present study, we have found a significant decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes and the elevated of AChE in mice brain after a single injection of Scopolamine. EECP at 200 mg/ kg and 400 mg/kg had shown the significant reduction in the elevated enzyme level of acetylcholine esterase. The oxidative stress involved by the administration of Scopolamine produced neurotoxicity indicated the decreased levels of super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase. Treatment of EECP shows the protection of these antioxidant enzymes on both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose level respectively due to the rejuvenating property of the extract. Key Words:Alzeimer’s disease, C. papaya, acetylcholinestarase, oxidative stress. REFERENCES Gertz HJ and Kiefer M. Review About Ginkgo Biloba Special Extract EGb 761 (Ginkgo). Current Pharmaceutical Designs 2004; 10: 261-264. Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Kumar A, Ghosal S. 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This study investigates the potential of a blended binder formulated from two industrial solid wastes viz. phosphogypsum and fly ash in combination with lime. Three mix proportions of phosphogypsum and fly ash were investigated, and the minimum lime contents required for activation were determined using the Eades and Grim pH test. The lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blends were then cast into cubes, both in their paste form as well as mortar form, mixed with sand in the ratio of 1:3. They were cured for a period of seven days, and afterwards, their compressive strength was determined. Ordinary Portland cement and lime mortar blocks were also cast as control specimens for comparative evaluation of the strength. The optimal lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blend was identified and used to construct a masonry prism, and the strengths of the masonry prisms were also evaluated. The optimal lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blend mortar was also subjected to an X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the reaction products formed during hydration. The study revealed that 5% lime mixed with fly ash:phosphogypsum in the ratio of 3:1 was the optimal proportion which gave the maximum strength to the cubes. The optimal lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blend mortar developed strength that was higher than conventional Portland cement and lime mortar. The optimal lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blend mortar masonry prisms developed strength that was comparable to that of Portland cement mortar masonry. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of calcium silicate hydrate minerals as well as ettringite and portlandite which were responsible for strength gain.

Zirconia is a bioinert ceramic biomaterial. Zirconia having composition of 97% Zirconia oxide and 3% Yttria oxide finds its vital application in the field of dental ceramics as an implant material ...

Emotions form a major role in human life. As human interactions with online systems have increased drastically, emotion prediction from online text, which otherwise can be monotonous, would help to provide a better environment to the users. Identification of emotions from a normal text itself is very complicated while news text that does not explicitly convey emotions adds more intricacy to it. Data mining methods can be utilized in this context. In this work, the potential of decision tree classifiers in emotion classification is explored. The advocated methodology incorporates two segments towards emotion identification. The first segment deals with data preparation and involves dataset elicitation, translation, HTML tag removal, stop word elimination and stemming. The second segment that implements data mining takes the output of the first segment as its input and applies feature vector formulation, correlation based feature selection, building of bagged Grafted C4.5 learning model and performance evaluation. Based on the evolved classification rules, the emotions are categorized into joy, surprise, fear, sadness, disgust, neutral and mixed kind. Experiments have been conducted to analyse the effect of feature selection methods and ensemble methods in generating efficient rules. The accuracy is compared against eight other decision tree classifiers and also the support vector machine learning model. The proposed methodology achieves the maximum accuracy of 87.83% justifying its utilization in the real time applications.