Search

Resumen El melanoma mucoso es un subtipo infrecuente de melanoma que difiere del melanoma cutaneo en su biologia, clinica y manejo. El diagnostico suele realizarse de forma tardia debido a su localizacion en zonas de dificil acceso a la exploracion fisica y a la falta de signos especificos y tempranos. La cirugia es el tratamiento de eleccion en caso de enfermedad localizada. El papel de la biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela y de la linfadenectomia permanece todavia incierta. La radioterapia se puede emplear como tratamiento adyuvante con el fin de controlar localmente la enfermedad. Existe un mayor porcentaje de mutaciones en c-KIT que en otros tipos de melanoma, lo que ha llevado a avances significativos en el tratamiento de la enfermedad metastasica con imatinib.

BackgroundPromoter methylation of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer. Regarding melanoma, over 100 genes that contribute to its pathogenesis have been identified to be aberrantly hypermethylated. ObjectivesThis is a retrospective observational study that aims to analyse the prevalence of CpG island methylation in a series of primary melanomas, to identify the associations with the main clinicopathological features, and to explore the prognostic significance of methylation in melanoma survival. Materials and methodsDNA methylation was analysed using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in a series of 170 melanoma formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples. The relationship between the methylation status, known somatic mutations and clinicopathological features was evaluated. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were displayed by the Kaplan-Meier method. ResultsIn the entire cohort, one or more genes were detected to be methylated in 55% of the patients. The most prevalent methylated genes were RARB 31%, PTEN 24%, APC 16%, CDH13 16%, ESR1 14%, CDKN2A 6% and RASSF1 5%. An association between aberrant methylation and aggressive clinicopathological features was observed (older age, increased Breslow thickness, presence of mitosis and ulceration, fast-growing melanomas, advancing stage and TERT mutations). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a correlation of methylation and poorer DFS and OS. ConclusionsAberrant methylation of TSGs is a frequent event in melanoma. It is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and poorer survival. Epigenetic alterations may represent a significant prognostic marker with utility in routine practice. What's already known about this topic? Epigenetic aberrations have recently been implicated in the development and progression of many human cancers. Regarding melanoma, over 100 genes have been identified to be aberrantly hypermethylated. What does this study add? Aberrant methylation of tumour suppressor gene promoters is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and poorer melanoma survival. What is the translational message? DNA methylation may represent a potential prognostic biomarker for the management of patients with melanoma in routine practice. Linked Comment:van Doorn. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:250-251. Respond to this article

Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a multisystem disease that arises as a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. It is due to recognition of the recipient's tissues by immune cells from the donor. The skin and mucous membranes are the organs most commonly affected. GVHD is classified as acute or chronic depending on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation. Acute GVHD typically presents with the triad of rash, diarrhea, and hyperbilirubinemia, and treatment is based on systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy. The cutaneous manifestations of chronic GVHD are divided into sclerodermiform and nonsclerodermiform, and the mucous membranes and skin appendages may also be affected. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, but skin biopsy can help in doubtful cases. Treatment can be topical, systemic, or physical, depending on the size, site, and depth of the lesions and the involvement of other organs.

Mucosal melanoma is a rare melanoma subtype that differs from the cutaneous form of the tumor in its biology, clinical manifestations, and management. Diagnosis is usually late due to a lack of early or specific signs and the location of lesions in areas that are difficult to access on physical examination. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for localized disease. The value of sentinel lymph node biopsy and lymphadenectomy is still unclear. Radiotherapy can be used as adjuvant therapy for the control of local disease. c-KIT mutations are more common than in other types of melanoma and this has led to significant advances in the use of imatinib for the treatment of metastatic mucosal melanoma.