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Background Recently, photoangiolytic potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser treatment has been proposed as an alternative treatment for managing Reinke’s edema. Unlike traditional methods that involve the physical removal of the lesion, the KTP laser causes lesion regression by disrupting the blood supply through targeting the oxyhemoglobin. Moreover, KTP could be used as an office-based procedure, indicating its advantage over other operating room surgical procedures, with lower cost and avoidance of the potential complications of microlaryngoscopy. Aim The aim of this work is to conduct a systematic review on the effectiveness of the photoangiolytic KTP Laser as a surgical method for treatment of patients with Reinke’s edema. Study Design: This was a systematic review. Methods Two electronic databases of (PubMed and Cochrane Library) were searched for articles. Relevant studies were further evaluated and studies that met inclusion criteria were reviewed and included. Results The literature search yielded 167 studies. 25 articles were further evaluated to be included. Three studies met all the inclusion criteria and were chosen for the review. The studies investigated the effectiveness of using Photoangiolytic KTP Laser in the management of Rienke’s edema. Conclusion The current systematic review suggested that photoangiolytic KTP Laser has not yet proven as an effective approach for treatment of Reinke’s edema and furthermore studies are needed to assess its effectiveness.

The purpose of this article is to describe and examine the effectiveness of a mentoring program for third and fourth year clinical dental students. This is an educational intervention for the pre-doctoral students at the Schulich School of Dentistry. We have recently instituted this program and have developed a questionnaire to assess the student perspectives using a SWOT analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this intervention by analyzing the quantitative and qualitative responses of the students towards their clinical education and patient management. Our findings, both quantitative and qualitative, indicated that the mentoring program was well received by most students who would like to see the program expanded. The majority of students felt that the mentoring program aligned well with comprehensive care of their patients while enhancing their clinical experience. One of the strongest areas of agreement involved the ability to discuss cases in a non-threatening environment. The SWOT analysis identified key areas for future improvements. We offer steps to successfully implement a similar program based on our findings. It is our hope that our results might be instrumental for other schools wishing to adopt a similar model which supports patient-based comprehensive care.

This paper investigates the performance of a spectral amplitude coding (SAC)–OCDMA system design utilizing subcarrier multiplexing techniques for use in the popular fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) technology. Zero cross correlation code is employed because of its ability to eliminate phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) and the simplicity of using a direct detection technique at the receiving end. The performances are evaluated theoretically to derive the signal-to-noise ratio and results are presented in terms of bit error rates (BER). Results are analyzed to investigate the effect of code weight and variable data rates on the system performance. To validate the results, simulative analysis is also done using Optisys version 6.0. We demonstrated that the ZCC code performed better compared to other code for a BER floor of 10−9 with larger cardinality of subscribers. Results obviously indicate that system performance can be improved with larger code weight. In addition, the choice of lower bit rate is observed to perform better and more suitable for application in this hybrid Fi-Wi network.

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel architecture of variable weight Zero Cross Correlation code in the family of Spectral Amplitude Coding(SAC) Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) to be utilized in the triple play services of OCDMA applications based on the end users demand and requirements. This is achieved by adapting multiple weights of Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) code onto one system to accommodate different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The results are characterized by bit error rate (BER) and eye pattern simulated using OptiSystem software. Results proved a successful transmission of this scheme over 20km distance thus offering flexibility of independent QoS. It is also revealed that the performance is always better for users with larger number of code weight compared to those assigned with smaller code weight.

The problems relating to the management of traumatic skin loss of the lower extremity are discussed in Part I of this paper. A short historical survey suggests that the two specialities of orthopaedic and plastic surgery should combine in the treatment of these injuries. This is followed by some anatomical considerations which have practical application in reconstructive surgery of the lower limbs. Principles of treatment are laid down, with the intention that a normal and fully functional limb can be obtained by such combined treatment, provided there are no factors which limit reparative surgery. The available methods of skin replacement and their application to different types of injuries are discussed. In Part II, 135 compound fractures of the lower extremity are reviewed. These comprise 42 compound fractures of the small bones of the foot and 93 cases of compound fractures of the remainder of the large bones of the lower limb, including open knee- and ankle-joints. The methods of analysis are mentioned and the results documented by a number of tables. The discussion which follows rationalizes a plan for management.

In this paper the basic principles are laid down for the design and technique of incisions in the face and neck. Adherence to these simple precepts will be well rewarded in terms of patients' and surgeons' satisfaction.

A simple incision for the treatment of gynaecomastia is presented which combines the advantages of adjustment of areolar size and good cosmetic result with increased access when compared with conventional periareolar incisions. This technique has also been used to provide access in augmentation mammoplasty, and could be used for the removal of benign tumours in the periareolar region.