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1. CHIPIX65: Developments on a new generation pixel readout ASIC in CMOS 65 nm for HEP experiments.

Author: N. Demaria, G. Dellacasa, G. Mazza, Angelo Rivetti, Manuel D. Da Rocha Rolo, E. Monteil, L. Pacher, Fabio Ciciriello, Francesco Corsi, Cristoforo Marzocca, G. De Roberts, F. Loddo, C. Tamma, Marta Bagatin, D. Bisello, Simone Gerardin, S. Mattiazzo, L. Ding, Piero Giubilato, Alessandro Paccagnella, Francesco De Canio, Luigi Gaioni, Massimo Manghisoni, Valerio Re, Gianluca Traversi, Elisa Riceputi, Lodovico Ratti, Carla Vacchi, Roberto Beccherle, Guido Magazzù, M. Minuti, Fabio Morsani, Fabrizio Palla, Valentino Liberali, Seyedruhollah Shojaii, Alberto Stabile, Gian Mario Bilei, Mauro Menichelli, Elia Conti, Sara Marconi, D. Passen, and Pisana Placidi
Published: 2015
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2. CMOS MAPS upgrade for the Belle II Vertex Detector

Author: M. Babeluk, M. Barbero, J. Baudot, T. Bergauer, F. Bernlochner, S. Bettarini, F. Bosi, Y. Buch, G. Casarosa, J. Dingfelder, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, A. Frey, C. Hu, C. Irmler, C. Marinas, M. Massa, L. Massaccesi, M. Minuti, H. Pham, G. Rizzo, C. Schwanda, B. Schwenker, M. Schwickardi, C. Wessel, Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, University of Goettingen, Universitat de València (UV), Belle II VTX, and European Project: 101004761,AIDAinnova
Subjects: safety, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, geometry, vertex detector, BELLE, length, Upgrade, KEK-B, pixel, VTX, structure, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, DMAPS, detector, background, carbon, Belle II, CMOS, tracks, matter, radiation, fibre, technology, PXD, semiconductor detector, SVD, VXD, performance
Abstract: International audience; The success of the Belle II experiment in Japan relies on the very high instantaneous luminosity, close to 6 × 1035cm−2s−1, expectedfrom the SuperKEKB collider. The corresponding beam conditions at such luminosity levels generate large rates of backgroundparticles and creates stringent constraints on the vertex detector, adding to the physics requirements. Current prospects for theoccupancy rates in the present vertex detector (VXD) at full luminosity fall close to the acceptable limits and bear large uncertainties.In this context, the Belle II collaboration is considering the possibility to install an upgraded VXD system around 2027 to providea sufficient safety margin with respect to the expected background rate and possibly enhance tracking and vertexing performance.The VTX collaboration has started the design of a fully pixelated VXD, called VTX, based on fast and highly granular DepletedMonolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS) integrated on light support structures.The two main technical features of the VTX proposal are the usage of a single sensor type over all the layers of the system and theoverall material budget below 2 % of radiation length, compared to the current VXD which has two different sensor technologiesand about 3 % of radiation length. A dedicated sensor (OBELIX), taylored to the specific needs of Belle II, is under development,evolving from the existing TJ-Monopix2 sensor. The time-stamping precision below 100 ns will allow all VTX layers to take part inthe track finding strategy contrary to the current situation. The first two detection layers are designed according to a self-supportedall-silicon ladder concept, where 4 contiguous sensors are diced out of a wafer, thinned and interconnected with post-processedredistribution layers. The outermost detection layers follow a more conventional approach with a cold plate and carbon fibresupport structure, and light flex cables interconnecting the sensors.This document will review the context, technical details and development status of the proposed Belle II VTX.
Published: 2022
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3. XPOL-III: A new-generation VLSI CMOS ASIC for high-throughput X-ray polarimetry

Author: M. Minuti, L. Baldini, R. Bellazzini, A. Brez, M. Ceccanti, F. Krummenacher, L. Latronico, L. Lucchesi, A. Manfreda, L. Orsini, M. Pinchera, A. Profeti, C. Sgrò, and G. Spandre
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, X-ray polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation
Abstract: While the successful launch and operation in space of the Gas Pixel Detectors onboard the PolarLight cubesat and the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer demonstrate the viability and the technical soundness of this class of detectors for astronomical X-ray polarimetry, it is clear that the current state of the art is not ready to meet the challenges of the next generation of experiments, such as the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission, designed to allow for a significantly larger data throughput. In this paper we describe the design and test of a new custom, self-triggering readout ASIC, dubbed XPOL-III, specifically conceived to address and overcome these limitations. While building upon the overall architecture of the previous generations, the new chip improves over its predecessors in several, different key areas: the sensitivity of the trigger electronics, the flexibility in the definition of the readout window, as well as the maximum speed for the serial event readout. These design improvements, when combined, allow for almost an order of magnitude smaller dead time per event with no measurable degradation of the polarimetric, spectral, imaging or timing capability of the detector, providing a good match for the next generation of X-ray missions., accepted for publication at Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Published: 2022

4. Simulation of an all-layer monolithic pixel vertex detector for the Belle II upgrade

Author: G. Batignani, F.U. Bernlochner, S. Bettarini, F. Bosi, G. Casarosa, J. Dingfelder, F. Forti, A. Frey, C. Marinas, M. Massa, L. Massaccesi, M. Minuti, S. Mondal, E. Paoloni, G. Rizzo, B. Schwenker, and C. Wessel
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation
Published: 2023
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5. Design and Development of the Back-End Electronics for the IXPE Mission

Author: Hikmat Nasimi, C. Sgro, A. Manfreda, Saverio Citraro, M. Minuti, M. Barbanera, and C. Magazzu
Subjects: Data acquisition, business.industry, Computer science, Payload, Interface (computing), Detector, Personal computer, Electronics, business, Computer hardware, VMEbus, Data transmission
Abstract: The Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer IXPE mission will perform polarization measures of 2–8 keV X-rays. Imaging, spectroscopy, and timing will complement this measurement for a comprehensive study of soft X-rays. The launch of the IXPE NASA small explorer mission to a low earth orbit is due late 2021. We designed a subsystem of the scientific payload, which has three identical telescopes based on the detector unit. The Gas Pixel Detector and its back-end electronics are the core of these units, performing data acquisition and processing, event sequencing, and on-line data compression. The back-end electronics processes the auto-triggered output of the detector of 300 photons per second with 30% of dead-time. A radiation-tolerant FPGA implements the electronics custom algorithms, including two digital serial interfaces with a central on-board computer. One interface is used for command and control of the unit, while the other for scientific data transmission. We also designed comprehensive test equipment to emulate the on-board computer and to operate the electronics. This equipment uses an FPGA on a VMEbus board as the electrical interface for the electronics, transferring data to a personal computer with dedicated software infrastructure. In this paper, we shall discuss the design process of the back-end electronics and the results of laboratory tests and measurements with X-ray sources.
Published: 2020
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6. Ammonia-powered ships: Concept design and feasibility assessment of powertrain systems for a sustainable approach in maritime industry

Author: S. Di Micco, V. Cigolotti, L. Mastropasqua, J. Brouwer, and M. Minutillo
Subjects: Hydrogen carriers, Ammonia, Zero-emission vessels, Maritime industry, Shipping decarbonization, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: The decarbonization of the shipping industry is pushing towards the introduction of low-carbon fuels such as hydrogen carriers and towards the installation of cleaner propulsion systems. Among different hydrogen carriers, ammonia (NH3) is considered a promising option due to its high volumetric energy density and to its easier storage and transportation in comparison with pure hydrogen. Therefore, this study is focused on the design, modeling, and feasibility assessment of ammonia-based propulsion systems for shipping applications. Two NH3-based fuel cell power generation systems are analyzed: i) a NH3-based Proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system and ii) a NH3-based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system. These systems are designed to replace a conventional diesel powertrain installed on board a container ship. The fuel consumption, according to the ship load profile, is calculated and the analysis on the masses and volumes of the fuel storage tanks and of the ammonia powertrain systems is performed. Results highlight that on board installation of the proposed ammonia-based propulsion technologies causes greater masses and volumes with respect to the conventional diesel system. This criticality, in the face of an advantage in terms of avoided CO2 emissions per cruise, could be overcome by accepting a cargo capacity reduction. It is estimated a cargo reduction in the range 3.3% − 4.8% for the proposed fuel cell-based powertrain solutions. However, by valorizing the avoided CO2 emissions, it is possible to recover the economic penalty due the cargo reduction and break-even with the reference diesel scenario.
Published: 2024
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7. Design implementation and test results of the RD53A, a 65 nm large scale chip for next generation pixel detectors at the HL-LHC

Author: M. Garcia-Sciveres, R. Gaglione, P. Breugnon, Fabian Hügging, R. Beccherle, Fabio Morsani, Steven Bell, Stefano Bonaldo, D. Dzahini, Duccio Abbaneo, Luca Pacher, O. Le Dortz, Ta-Wei Wang, Mohsine Menouni, Guido Magazzu, M. Vogt, Francesco Crescioli, T. Benka, G. Neue, M. Da Rocha Rolo, E. Conti, F. Loddo, L. M. Jara Casas, Sally Seidel, Alexandre Rozanov, V. Gromov, G. Marzocca, Norbert Wermes, Fabrizio Palla, Tom Zimmerman, Valentino Liberali, M. Standke, Angelo Rivetti, Pisana Placidi, Mauro Menichelli, V. Kafka, F. De Canio, A. Paterno, Simone Gerardin, Z. Janoska, A. Krieger, V. Wallangen, Gianluca Traversi, Ennio Monteil, Y. Dieter, Alessandro Paccagnella, Alberto Stabile, Dario Gnani, B. Van Eijk, Serena Mattiazzo, Farah Fahim, Marco Bomben, D. Vogrig, Marta Bagatin, B. Nachman, Marlon Barbero, C. Renteira, S. Godiot, E. M. S. Jimenez, G. Marchiori, T. Liu, P. Pangaud, Luca Frontini, D. Gajanana, F. E. Rarbi, Scott Thomas, M. Karagounis, Hans Krüger, P. Rymaszewski, K. Papadopoulou, Tomasz Hemperek, Richard B. Lipton, Nicola Bacchetta, M.L. Prydderch, A. Andreazza, S. Poulios, Cristoforo Marzocca, R. Kluit, Konstantin Androsov, David-leon Pohl, Valerio Re, K. Moustakas, Sandeep Miryala, A. Vitkovskiy, Timon Heim, G. Calderini, F. Licciulli, Jesper Roy Christiansen, R. Carney, G. M. Bilei, M. Minuti, D. Fougeron, Lodovico Ratti, G. Deptuch, F. R. Palomo, G. De Robertis, G. Dellacasa, Luigi Gaioni, M. Daas, Martin Hoeferkamp, E. Lopez-Morillo, Massimo Manghisoni, G. Mazza, A. Stiller, S. Orfanelli, S. Marconi, Ivan Vila, M. Marcisovsky, C. Vacchi, E. Riceputi, Vaclav Vrba, Natale Demaria, L. Tomasek, D. C. Christian, J. Hoff, Fernando Muñoz, Dario Bisello, Miroslav Havranek, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computer science, readout electronics, sensors, radiation hardness, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, Signal, CMOS image sensors, nuclear electronics, particle tracking, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Microelectronics, 0302 clinical medicine, Design objective, mixed analogue-digital integrated circuits, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Mixed-signal integrated circuit, Chip, position sensitive particle detectors, CMOS, silicon radiation detectors, business, Computer hardware
Abstract: International audience; The RD53A large scale pixel demonstrator chip has been developed in 65 nm CMOS technology by the RD53 collaboration, in order to face the unprecedented design requirements of the pixel 2 phase upgrades of the CMS and ATLAS experiments at CERN. This prototype chip is designed to demonstrate that a set of challenging specifications can be met, such as: high granularity (small pixels of 50×50 or 25× 100 µm2) and large pixel chip size (~2x2 cm2), high hit rate (3 GHz/cm2), high readout speed, very high radiation levels (500 Mrad - 1 Grad) and operation with serial powering. Furthermore, coping with the long latency of the trigger signal (~12.5 µs), used to select only events of interest in order to achieve sustainable output data rates, requires increased buffering resources in the limited pixel area. The RD53A chip has been fabricated in an engineer run. It integrates a matrix of 400×192 pixels and features various design variations in the analog and digital pixel matrix for testing purposes. This paper presents an overview of the chip architecture and of the methodologies used for efficient design of large complex mixed signal chips for harsh radiation environments. Experimental results obtained from the characterization of the RD53A chip are reported to demonstrate that design objectives have been achieved. Moreover, design improvements and new features being developed in the RD53B framework for final ATLAS and CMS production chips are discussed
Published: 2018
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8. A Silicon-Based Cosmic Ray Telescope as an External Tracker to Measure Detector Performance

Author: G. Signorelli, J. J. Walsh, Fabio Morsani, Donato Nicolo, E. Baracchini, F. Tenchini, M. Venturini, S. Bettarini, S. Dussoni, E. Cavallaro, M. Minuti, Filippo Bosi, and Luca Galli
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, BaBar experiment, Tracking (particle physics), Instrumentation and measurement ionizing radiation sensors nuclear measurement particle tracking sensors radiation detectors semiconductor radiation detectors, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, Telescope, Optics, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Gate array, Personal computer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: High-energy physics experiments at the high-intensity frontier place ever-greater demands on detectors, and in particular on tracking devices. In order to compare the performance of many possible small-size tracking prototypes, a high-resolution cosmic ray tracker may be used as an external track reference. We have constructed a telescope by assembling four spare ladders of the external layers of the Silicon Vertex Tracker of the BaBar experiment. This test facility, operating at INFN Sezione di Pisa, provides the detector under test with an external track with an intrinsic resolution of 15–30 $~\mu\hbox{m}$ . The DAQ originally used in the BaBar experiment was replaced by custom-designed boards coupled with an acquisition front-end personal computer through commercial field-programmable gate array evaluation boards. We show that the facility is operative, and we present the performance in terms of tracking resolution and efficiency. A first device has been characterized, and some plots from the analysis demonstrating the telescope performance are shown.
Published: 2015
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9. Single-Shot X-Ray Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography with Nonmicrofocal Laboratory Sources

Author: Paul C. Diemoz, Luca Urbani, Charlotte K. Hagen, Alessandro Olivo, M. Minuti, R. Bellazzini, P De Coppi, and Marco Endrizzi
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Detector, X-ray, General Physics and Astronomy, Field of view, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Imaging phantom, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Feature (computer vision), Attenuation coefficient, 0210 nano-technology, business, Constant (mathematics), Refractive index
Abstract: We present a method that enables performing x-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) computed tomography with a laboratory setup using a single image per projection angle, eliminating the need to move optical elements during acquisition. Theoretical derivation of the method is presented, and its validity conditions are provided. The object is assumed to be quasihomogeneous, i.e., to feature a ratio between the refractive index and the linear attenuation coefficient that is approximately constant across the field of view. The method is experimentally demonstrated on a plastics phantom and on biological samples using a continuous rotation acquisition scheme achieving scan times of a few minutes. Moreover, we show that such acquisition times can be further reduced with the use of a high-efficiency photon-counting detector. Thanks to its ability to substantially simplify the image-acquisition procedure and greatly reduce collection times, we believe this method represents a very important step towards the application of XPCI to real-world problems.
Published: 2017
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10. Towards breast tomography with synchrotron radiation at Elettra: first images

Author: Bruno Golosio, Ubaldo Bottigli, Paolo Russo, R. Bellazzini, G. Spandre, Nico Lanconelli, Pasquale Delogu, Fabrizio Zanconati, Viviana Fanti, A. Brez, Francesco Brun, Christian Fedon, Diego Dreossi, Renata Longo, Fulvia Arfelli, Giuliana Tromba, Piernicola Oliva, M. Pinchera, M. Minuti, Antonio Sarno, Antonio Brunetti, Luigi Rigon, Giovanni Mettivier, F. Di Lillo, Longo, R, Arfelli, F, Bellazzini, R, Bottigli, U, Brez, A, Brunetti, A, Delogu, P, Di Lillo, F, Dreossi, D, Fanti, V, Fedon, C, Golosio, B, Lanconelli, N, Mettivier, G, Minuti, M, Oliva, P, Pinchera, M, Rigon, L, Russo, P, Sarno, A, Spandre, G, Tromba, G, Zanconati, F, Longo, R., Arfelli, F., Bellazzini, R., Bottigli, U., Brez, A., Brun, F., Brunetti, A., Delogu, P., DI LILLO, Francesca, Dreossi, D., Fanti, V., Fedon, C., Golosio, B., Lanconelli, N., Mettivier, Giovanni, Minuti, M., Oliva, P., Pinchera, M., Rigon, L., Russo, Paolo, Sarno, Antonio, Spandre, G., Tromba, G., Zanconati, F., Longo, Renata, Arfelli, Fulvia, Brun, Francesco, Dreossi, Diego, Fedon, Christian, Rigon, Luigi, Tromba, Giuliana, and Zanconati, Fabrizio
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Image quality, breast tomography, Synchrotron radiation, Breast Neoplasms, phase contrast imaging, synchrotron radiation, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Synchrotron, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Humans, Image resolution, Physics, Radon transform, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Medicine (all), Detector, Phase-contrast imaging, Algorithm, Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Tomography, business, Nuclear medicine, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Breast Neoplasm, Algorithms, Synchrotrons, Human
Abstract: The aim of the SYRMA-CT collaboration is to set-up the first clinical trial of phase-contrast breast CT with synchrotron radiation (SR). In order to combine high image quality and low delivered dose a number of innovative elements are merged: a CdTe single photon counting detector, state-of-theart CT reconstruction and phase retrieval algorithms. To facilitate an accurate exam optimization, a Monte Carlo model was developed for dose calculation using GEANT4. In this study, high isotropic spatial resolution (120 mu m)(3) CT scans of objects with dimensions and attenuation similar to a human breast were acquired, delivering mean glandular doses in the range of those delivered in clinical breast CT (5-25 mGy). Due to the spatial coherence of the SR beam and the long distance between sample and detector, the images contain, not only absorption, but also phase information from the samples. The application of a phase-retrieval procedure increases the contrast-to-noise ratio of the tomographic images, while the contrast remains almost constant. After applying the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique to low-dose phase-retrieved data sets (about 5 mGy) with a reduced number of projections, the spatial resolution was found to be equal to filtered back projection utilizing a four fold higher dose, while the contrast-to-noise ratio was reduced by 30%. These first results indicate the feasibility of clinical breast CT with SR.
Published: 2016

11. Recent progress of RD53 Collaboration towards next generation Pixel Read-Out Chip for HL-LHC

Author: Massimo Manghisoni, Scott Thomas, J. Christiansen, Fabrizio Palla, Dario Gnani, T. Kishishita, L. Tomasek, C. Vacchi, Nicola Bacchetta, F. Munoz, Guido Magazzu, Vaclav Vrba, Nigel Hessey, T. Liu, D. Fougeron, P. Pangaud, Gianluca Traversi, Lodovico Ratti, D. Gajanana, F. E. Rarbi, R. Beccherle, F. Licciulli, Miguel Aguirre, Alexander Grillo, Alessandro Paccagnella, M. Garcia-Sciveres, Marco Bomben, F. R. Palomo, V. Zivkovic, L. Pacher, A. Wang, F. Gensolen, E. Conti, Daniele Passeri, G. Marchiori, P. Rymaszewski, Konstantin Toms, P. Valerio, Steven Bell, M.L. Prydderch, J. Wyss, L. Linssen, G. M. Bilei, Alberto Stabile, Sally Seidel, A. Rivetti, Seyed Ruhollah Shojaii, Luca Fanucci, Fabio Morsani, M. Minuti, J.N. De Witt, R. Gaglione, N. Demaria, Ivan Vila, B. Nodari, G. De Robertis, Cristoforo Marzocca, Francesco Corsi, V. Gromov, A. Mekkaoui, F. Loddo, Daniele Comotti, R. Bellazzini, F. De Canio, Pisana Placidi, Duccio Abbaneo, M. Da Rocha Rolo, Norbert Wermes, Hans Krueger, E. Monteil, S. Godiot, Valentino Liberali, V. Kafka, Luigi Gaioni, M. Marcisovsky, Tomasz Hemperek, Mauro Menichelli, D. Dzahini, Andrea Neviani, Richard B. Lipton, G. Calderini, G. Mazza, M. Karagounis, Martin Hoeferkamp, Laura Gonella, D. Vogrig, Marta Bagatin, A. Rizzi, F. Ciciriello, Farah Fahim, N. Alipour Tehrani, R. Kluit, Valerio Re, I. V. Gorelov, O. Le Dortz, Daniel Dobos, L. Ding, Konstantin Androsov, A. Paterno, J. Hoff, S. Marconi, A. Andreazza, S. Poulios, Sergio Saponara, G. Neue, Dario Bisello, Mohsine Menouni, Miroslav Havranek, Fabian Huegging, Serena Mattiazzo, Piero Giubilato, Francesco Crescioli, G. Della Casa, D. C. Christian, Petr Sicho, Marlon Barbero, Tom Zimmerman, Simone Gerardin, Alexandre Rozanov, Heinz Pernegger, Z. Janoska, Dominik Dannheim, E. Lopez-Morillo, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RD53 Collaboration, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computer science, VLSI circuits, 01 natural sciences, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Front and back ends, Analog front-end, Front-end electronics for detector readout, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors), Radiation-hard electronics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Digital electronics, Very-large-scale integration, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Chip, CMOS, business
Abstract: International audience; This paper is a review of recent progress of RD53 Collaboration. Results obtained onthe study of the radiation effects on 65 nm CMOS have matured enough to define first strategies toadopt in the design of analog and digital circuits. Critical building blocks and analog very frontend chains have been designed, tested before and after 5–800 Mrad. Small prototypes of 64 64pixels with complex digital architectures have been produced, and point to address the main issuesof dealing with extremely high pixel rates, while operating at very small in-time thresholds in theanalog front end. The collaboration is now proceeding at full speed towards the design of a largescale prototype, called RD53A, in 65 nm CMOS technology
Published: 2016
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12. Introducing the CTA concept

Author: A. Mathieu, R. G. Wagner, K. Panagiotidis, S Rosier Lees, Julien Rousselle, M. Gómez Berisso, Michela Uslenghi, Stephen Maxfield, R. C. Shellard, Ivica Puljak, T. Le Flour, Thomas Schanz, Tobias C. Walther, Juanan Aguilar, Pierre Colin, M. Chikawa, N. Fouque, Mosè Mariotti, G. Fontaine, Merja Tornikoski, V. Diez-Blanco, Enrico Giro, A. Krepps, G. Koss, J. M. Martin, Sergio Billotta, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Keitaro Takahashi, S. Buson, P. Brook, S. Steiner, M. Dyrda, Joseph Silk, Sera Markoff, P. Lubinski, U. Schwanke, Sauvik Bhattacharyya, J. Ripken, T. Haubold, C. Zurbach, H. Wetteskind, R. Hermel, J. Darling, J. Nicolau-Kukliński, Konstancja Satalecka, M. Videla, Stefan Funk, P. Conconi, S. Bajtlik, Lukasz Stawarz, J. M. Paredes, K. Reitberger, Stefan Wagner, Teresa Mineo, David Kieda, G. Pareschi, Shigeto Kabuki, Makoto Sawada, Antonio Stamerra, Rodolfo Canestrari, N. Baby, G. Crimi, P. Kostka, J. Grube, R. Zanin, I. K. Kominis, L. Mc Comb, R. Sternberger, M. Fesquet, M. Tokarz, David Fink, Daniela Dorner, N. Hamer Heras, A. Moralejo Olaizola, M. de Naurois, Diego F. Torres, Claes Fransson, K. Nishijima, Yutaka Fujita, L. Fresnillo, B. García, R. Kossakowski, A. Masserot, H. von Gunten, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Ciro Bigongiari, A. Saggion, G. Papyan, I. Mrusek, K. Farakos, J. Michałowski, A. Franckowiak, Fernando Martinez, M. Doert, R. Wawrzaszek, Michele Doro, L. Sapozhnikov, Claudia Lavalley, D. Thuermann, A.A. Zdziarski, Cristina Knapic, Karen Byrum, N. Neyroud, Petr Schovanek, W. Domainko, D. Kastana, E. Birsin, Adrian Biland, F. Sánchez, Alexandre Marcowith, M. Errando, R. L. C. Starling, J. Schultze, A. Weinstein, B. B. Singh, Yassir Moudden, Jelena Aleksić, C. L. Naumann, V. Waegebaert, M. Shayduk, U. F. Katz, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, M. Schroedter, A. Vollhardt, O. Reimann, Hideyuki Ohoka, Vincenzo Testa, C. Jablonski, Tsuguya Naito, J. Schäfer, Stavros Maltezos, A. Wierzcholska, P. Wawer, L. Nellen, F. Mirabel, Tatsuo Yoshida, P. H. Carton, Nina Nowak, L. Platos, Riccardo Rando, P. P. Krueger, R. Wischnewski, W. Romaszkan, E. Fede, Martino Marisaldi, Markus Gaug, Richard Willingale, J. H. Buckley, U. De AlmeidaBarres, J. Knapp, Saverio Lombardi, D. della Volpe, A. Herrero, A. Bottani, E. Delagnes, Martin J. Hardcastle, C. Morello, Anna Lipniacka, T. Greenshaw, M. Renaud, Giancarlo Cusumano, Jonathan Biteau, M. Sowiński, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. B. Humensky, Michael G. Richer, G. Parks, G. Grasseau, H. Baba, Gino Tosti, Damir Lelas, H. Krawzcynski, David Paneque, M. Barcelo, R. Dickherber, P. Ferrando, Shinji Hara, D. Florin, Hideaki Katagiri, T. Shibata, Fuyuki Tokanai, N. A. McCubbin, J. Gomez-Ortega, D. Nakajima, A. Liolios, P. Laporte, Orjan Dale, A. Sillanpää, Dainis Dravins, Timothée Grégoire, Nu. Komin, A. Mihailidis, L. Sidoli, Shiu-Hang Lee, A. W. Chen, J. M. Illa, A. Kuznetsov, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Dominis Prester, Marcos Daniel Actis, Abraham D. Falcone, L. Journet, D. Hadasch, N. Galante, A. Murphy, C. J. Todero Peixoto, S. Wiesand, A. Aravantinos, A. C. Rovero, J. L. Dournaux, P. Romano, M. Hrabovsky, R. de los Reyes Lopez, M. Ostrowski, J. Pallota, Geza Gyuk, Petar Temnikov, R. Dubois, Jan Ebr, R. Koul, David J. Smith, S. Schwarzburg, P. Manigot, Chad Finley, Tarek M. Hassan, Giuseppe Sottile, Evgeni Ovcharov, P. J. Rajda, F. Krennrich, Peter L. Moore, W. B. Focke, W. Bednarek, Elena Amato, Kazunori Kohri, J. Gamez-Garcia, I. Oya, A. Shibuya, German Hermann, William H. Lee, Dorota Sobczyńska, X. Zhou, C. Balkowski, G. Vallejo, M. Hayashida, M. Bitossi, Loukas Vlahos, H. Lockart, N. Geffroy, L. Tibaldo, Marek Jamrozy, Luke O'c. Drury, Pratik Majumdar, P. Sutcliffe, S. Schlenstedt, M. Palatka, Christophe Champion, H. Ueno, M. Rupiński, P. Giommi, J. Schwarz, G. Pühlhofer, Takashi Saito, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, Q. Xiong, Yasuo Fukui, A. Donat, A. Ibarra, R. S. Warwick, Michiko Ohishi, A. W. Smith, J.-P. Lenain, Aion Viana, Terry Ashton, Guillaume Dubus, Jacek Niemiec, K. Kodani, Luis Ángel Tejedor, A. Wörnlein, Takanori Yoshikoshi, Masahiro Teshima, W. Gäbele, Ll. Font, Olaf Reimer, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, Lucy Fortson, J. P. Osborne, Mattia Fornasa, Keith Bechtol, Masayuki Tanaka, Shigehiro Nagataki, M. Rataj, M. Ribordy, Emmanuel Moulin, I. de la Calle, K. Winiarski, C. Jeanney, I. Mognet, I. Vegas, C. Juffroy, Yutaka Ohira, A. Jacholkowska, Matthew Wood, A. E. Suárez, J. Bähr, K. M. Schure, J. Maya, M. Dafonseca, J. Tasan, R. Sugawara, M. Bourgeat, A. Mancilla, D. Pelat, Olga Botner, D. Nedbal, G. Depaola, Robert Wagner, T. Okuda, H. Arnaldi, Josep Martí, P. Corona, T. Bonev, D. Yelos, J. Sieiro, V. Scalzotto, Jacco Vink, D. Languignon, Marco Ajello, J. Vandenbrouke, Philipp Mertsch, M. Mordalska, P. Wegner, P. Ziółkowski, P. T. O'Brien, A. Nozato, Robert D. Preece, B. Huber, Matteo Balbo, J.R. Bogart, R. Kankanyan, K. Mori, T. Jogler, Seth Digel, Claudio Vuerli, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Thomas Lohse, K. Saito, A. W. Borgland, Elisa Prandini, Helene Sol, Ryan Heller, M. Bogdan, D. Dumas, M. Stodulski, Y. Awane, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla, Judith H. Croston, Fabio Pizzolato, P. M. Chadwick, M. K. Daniel, Riccardo Paoletti, Reiko Orito, Katsuaki Asano, R. Frei, G. Disset, Valerie Connaughton, Juhani Huovelin, Hiroyasu Tajima, S. Vercellone, F. Feinstein, G. Decerprit, Riccardo Smareglia, S. Spyrou, Gustavo E. Romero, J. Shi, J. Carr, N. Girard, Dirk L. Hoffmann, Andreas Zech, Markus Boettcher, Osvaldo Catalano, Akira Okumura, M. Dohmke, C. Föhr, Sabrina Casanova, R. A. Cameron, Jan Conrad, K. Umehara, K. K. Yadav, A. Paizis, John L. Quinn, L. Pogosyan, C. Farnier, William J. Potter, Domenico Impiombato, Tadashi Kifune, Jonathan Granot, Gernot Maier, M. Cieślar, S. Palanque, G.W. Fraser, J. Prast, R. Bose, Heidi Sandaker, G. Lamanna, Dusan Mandat, J.F. Glicenstein, J. Harris, D. Naumann, J. Ziolkowski, Michał Szanecki, C. Delgado, J. Kocot, W. Lustermann, Sabine Elles, J. Schmoll, L. Gérard, M. López, Norita Kawanaka, V. Gika, B. Lieunard, A. Pichel, Martin Pohl, Mariusz Sterzel, S. Vincent, Paolo De Coppi, J. Lande, O. Blanch Bigas, Gianluca Giavitto, Yusuke Konno, Julian Sitarek, M. Panter, P.-O. Petrucci, F. Henault, M. Prouza, Philip Kaaret, Josep Colomé, Luciano Nicastro, German Martinez, L. Gebremedhin, J. M. Yebras, Apostolos Mastichiadis, A. S. Madhavan, Thomas J. Maccarone, K. Berger, R. Buehler, P. Jean, N. Sartore, F. Toussenel, Aris Karastergiou, W. Kluźniak, A. Djannati-Ataï, S. J. Fegan, Louis Antonelli, A. González Muñoz, J. Berdugo, S. S. Upadhya, M. Sidz, F. Mottez, Patrick Vogler, F. Di Pierro, Wystan Benbow, B. Sacco, L. Chiappetti, J. Dumm, R. Firpo Curcoll, David Gascon, V. Boccone, J. Krause, J. P. Avernet, B. Peyaud, B. De Lotto, Ana Babić, T. O. B. Schmidt, I. M. McHardy, T. Schweizer, S. P. Wakely, Daniel Gall, Frank M. Rieger, E. Sant'Ambrogio, M. Kagaya, P. Vincent, R. C. Rannot, Sandro Mereghetti, A. De Angelis, M. Scarcioffolo, R. White, G. H. Sembroski, Takeshi Nakamori, C. Medina, M. A. De Oliveira Leigui, Subir Sarkar, A. Marszałek, Reshmi Mukherjee, K. Nakayama, A. Fiasson, S. Giarrusso, T. Bernardino, J. P. Finley, D. Neise, L. O. Takalo, F. Grañena, Nikola Godinovic, H. Sasaki, P. Zychowski, Francesco Dazzi, B. Courty, A. Basili, Vitaly Neustroev, B. Khélifi, T. Glanzman, M. Trifoglio, Regis Terrier, R. A. Ong, E. M. Santos, M. Minuti, Thomas Bretz, R. Moderski, J. Kushida, S. Royer, Emilio Molinari, Etienne Lyard, J. Houles, Juan Abel Barrio, T. Lerch, S. Rivoire, T. Kishimoto, M. Cailles, M. Casiraghi, Nikolaos Stergioulas, J. Gaweda, S. Koyama, Ingomar Allekotte, E. Ismailova, Elina Giannakaki, S. Schwemmer, Ryo Yamazaki, G. Fasola, Christoph Deil, Jose Luis Contreras, T. Bird, Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde, J. Dick, E. Edy, D. Parsons, R. Pyzioł, R. Mirzoyan, Manjuli R. Sharma, J. Borkowski, Jonathan S. Lapington, Cameron B Rulten, Rino Bandiera, Volker Beckmann, Jun Kakuwa, Dimitris Balis, Kenji Toma, Anna Barnacka, Andrea Santangelo, L. Padilla, Peter Eger, G. Decock, Karol Seweryn, N. Sakaki, Darko Veberič, Andrea Bulgarelli, B. Rudak, M. Pérez, H. Koppel, Felix Spanier, M. I. Martínez, D. Horville, Marco Molinaro, R. Walter, P. Ramon, S. Brau-Nogue, J. Camprecios, K. Kärcher, John H. Seiradakis, S. Criswell, D. J. Leopold, V. J. Guarino, R. Gredig, S. Vorobiov, Viktor Gruev, Gareth Hughes, Daniele Spiga, Quirin Weitzel, N. Håkansson, Susumu Inoue, U. Straumann, Juan Cortina, B. Behera, Jürgen Knödlseder, Daniel Nieto, Tomasz Szepieniec, H. Prokoph, Jerzy Grygorczuk, G. De La Vega, Jim Hinton, E. Chabanne, M. Mahabir, R. Krobot, M. Capalbi, Miroslav Pech, C. Díaz, J. Ludwin, F. Gianotti, Garret Cotter, Claudio Melioli, Hiroaki Yamamoto, C. Veyssiere, Kunihito Ioka, S. Sun, J. M. Parraud, L. Rob, Felix Aharonian, G. Maneva, D. Melkumyan, T. Schwab, J. Kasperek, J. M. Huet, E. Lorenz, S. Tanaka, Y. A. Gallant, S. Couturier, B.W. Favill, J. Boix Gargallo, Andrea Tiengo, Leszek Bogacz, Andreu Sanuy, Christian Fruck, J. Sykes, C. Martens, A. Yoshida, Marek Sikora, E. Racero, G. Rouaix, N. Bhat, A. Salini, A. S. Barber, Mauro Ghigo, Jan Ridky, K. Kosack, Konrad Bernlöhr, C. Tenzer, Alice Allafort, M. Torres, Catherine Boisson, Grzegorz Kowal, M. Karczewski, G. Agnetta, Victor Stamatescu, Anthony H. Gonzalez, S. Rousselle, Giovanni Bonanno, A. Zajczyk, A. Gadola, P. Martin, V. Zitelli, I. Manthos, N. Maragos, A. Dettlaff, F. Profeti, S. Colonges, S. Gunji, S. Cazaux, S. Colafrancesco, M. Paz Arribas, Rika Hagiwara, Darell Engelhaupt, Nestor Mirabal, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, S. Grunewald, Abby M. Green, I. D. Davids, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, Gagik Tovmassian, R. Sakonaka, Miguel Alcubierre, C. Baixeras, T. L. Usher, Kazufumi Torii, H. Lüdecke, L. Wiśniewski, B. Kellner-Leidel, P. Demange, F. Gonzalez, B. Moal, V. De Caprio, V. Golev, K. Katarzyński, V. Bugaev, A. Reimer, J. Koziol, G. Pojmanski, Alessandro Carosi, J. Bolmont, A. Nikolaidis, R. J. García López, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. Stegmann, J.-P. Ernenwein, M. Fiorini, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Marco Tavani, P. Korohoda, A. Giuliani, E. Carmona, C. Bauer, Kostas D. Kokkotas, O. Tibolla, G. Deleglise, Pierre Brun, Dinko Dimitrov, I. Jung, R. Steenkamp, Marc Ribó, Kathrin Egberts, P. Reardon, Adriano Ghedina, Stefan Rosén, N. Hidaka, Trygve Buanes, A. Segreto, H. Huan, Juri Poutanen, Ruben Lopez-Coto, S. Cavazzani, Massimiliano Belluso, A. Kretzschmann, F. De Frondat, A. Riviere, J. F. Olive, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Serena Mattiazzo, M. González, D. Fantinel, Matteo Cerruti, S. Vergani, Sabrina Einecke, N. La Palombara, Reinhard Schlickeiser, P. Antoranz, Pol Bordas, D. Paillot, V. de Souza, Yasushi Fukazawa, Phil Evans, Werner Hofmann, Hugh Dickinson, F. Roy, Yvonne Becherini, E. O. Angüner, D. Corti, T. C. Arlen, Francesco Russo, V. R. Chitnis, D. Ross, R. Gabriele, Massimo Persic, E. Fokitis, A. Bonardi, D. Garrido, A. Niedźwiecki, L. Cossio, Hidetoshi Kubo, Y. de Oliveira, F. Mattana, Anna Szostek, M. Compin, S. Blake, F. Lucarelli, Petter Hofverberg, Felix Ryde, M. Gougerot, C. Boutonnet, Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos, A. Mangano, P. Vallania, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. Manalaysay, M. Raue, A. Bouvier, Shohei Yanagita, Nektarios Vlahakis, Joni Tammi, M. Naumann-Godo, Kohta Murase, E. Fillin-Martino, Jiri Chudoba, K. Hatanaka, A. Lopatin, N. Otte, G. Rojas, Tomonori Totani, K. S. Gothe, J. P. Vialle, D. Kolitzus, K. Warda, Hironori Matsumoto, J. Rico, P. Ringegni, James Chiang, R. McKay, A. Bobkov, Aya Bamba, H. Takami, B. Giebels, O. Grimm, S. Basso, F. Dubois, Victor Zabalza, A. Förster, Pasquale Blasi, Alexandros Papayannis, A. G. Akhperjanian, Eckhard Kendziorra, James A. Anderson, Giuseppe Malaguti, R. Welsing, S. Pita, A. Ozieblo, Heide Costantini, D. Tezier, J.-H. Köhne, M. Tluczykont, Ll. Garrido, Alexander Varón Sandoval, Matthew R. Orr, Dominique Durand, F. Chollet, O. Luz, E. O. Saemann, Jun Kataoka, M. Proyetti, C. Barbier, Jürgen Barnstedt, L. Bouchet, Hiroshi Muraishi, Anton N. Baushev, L. A. Otero, Denis Bastieri, S. Incorvaia, Tihomir Surić, V. La Parola, Nathan Smith, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, F. Bernard, Luca Stringhetti, S. Paiano, S. Federici, Hector Flores, Karl Mannheim, Michael S. Briggs, Giovanna Pedaletti, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, J. D. Smith, G. La Rosa, Alicia López-Oramas, M. Janiak, Gary Drake, G. Talbot, Petr Travnicek, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Mario Meucci, R. Northrop, V. Scapin, Vito Conforti, J. D. Ponz, T. Aghajani, J. J. Jimenez, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, M. Werner, Brian Reville, A. Haupt, C. Skole, Gilles Henri, Daniele Gardiol, V. Vassiliev, R. Platzer, Y. Saito, A. La Barbera, Allan Hallgren, C. Eleftheriadis, S. Cantu, G. Maurin, K. Lacombe, A. Le Padellec, F. Stinzing, T. Hayakawa, A. Cillis, M. Suchenek, I. Monteiro, V. Sahakian, A. Di Paola, Grzegorz Madejski, A. De Luca, Andreas Quirrenbach, P. A. Caraveo, N. A. Webb, Michael Zacharias, J. Vanderwalt, Dario Hrupec, K. Ziȩtara, T. Armstrong, A. Lorca, T. Krähenbühl, A. Etchegoyen, Stefano Covino, C. Kalkuhl, K. Kitamoto, Tomasz Bulik, R. Rohlfs, D. Allan, A. Zhao, Luisa Arrabito, B. S. Acharya, T. Johnson, C. Schultz, G. Vasileiadis, Eleen Shum, Daniel Ferenc, Paola Grandi, Maria Concetta Maccarone, E. Strazzeri, H. Kelly, E. J. Quel, H. Vankov, Ruben Alfaro, I. Telezhinsky, J. Becker Tjus, C. Dufour, F. Köck, Ilana M. Braun, Jamie Holder, Ryoji Enomoto, Luigi Lessio, Michael Punch, Stefano Gabici, I. Puerto-Gimenez, S. Karkar, P. Nayman, M. Grudzińska, E. Aliu, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Elina Lindfors, J. Becerra, Daniel Mazin, Yukikatsu Terada, André Schulz, Teresa Montaruli, G. Bonnoli, S. Renner, Dieter Horns, J. Dyks, V. Pelassa, Mark I. Wilkinson, Ricardo Graciani, I. Troyano, P. Ristori, Thomas Kihm, P. Micolon, S. J. Nolan, Torsten Bringmann, David A. Williams, Joachim Hahn, L. Brunetti, U. Roeser, Wolfgang Rhode, Kanaris Tsinganos, Stefan Ohm, J. L. Panazol, G. Busetto, B. S., Acharya, M., Acti, T., Aghajani, G., Agnetta, J., Aguilar, F., Aharonian, M., Ajello, A., Akhperjanian, M., Alcubierre, J., Aleksic, R., Alfaro, E., Aliu, A. J., Allafort, D., Allan, I., Allekotte, E., Amato, J., Anderson, E. O., Anguener, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, A., Aravantino, T., Arlen, T., Armstrong, H., Arnaldi, L., Arrabito, K., Asano, T., Ashton, H. G., Asorey, Y., Awane, H., Baba, A., Babic, N., Baby, J., Baehr, A., Bai, C., Baixera, S., Bajtlik, M., Balbo, D., Bali, C., Balkowski, A., Bamba, R., Bandiera, A., Barber, C., Barbier, M., Barcelo, A., Barnacka, J., Barnstedt, U. B., De, J. A., Barrio, A., Basili, S., Basso, D., Bastieri, C., Bauer, A., Baushev, J., Becerra, Y., Becherini, K. C., Bechtol, J. B., Tju, V., Beckmann, W., Bednarek, B., Behera, M., Belluso, W., Benbow, J., Berdugo, K., Berger, F., Bernard, T., Bernardino, K., Bernloehr, N., Bhat, S., Bhattacharyya, C., Bigongiari, A., Biland, S., Billotta, T., Bird, E., Birsin, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, J., Biteau, M., Bitossi, S., Blake, O. B., Biga, P., Blasi, A., Bobkov, V., Boccone, M., Boettcher, L., Bogacz, J., Bogart, M., Bogdan, C., Boisson, J. B., Gargallo, J., Bolmont, G., Bonanno, A., Bonardi, T., Bonev, P., Bonifacio, G., Bonnoli, P., Borda, A., Borgland, J., Borkowski, R., Bose, O., Botner, A., Bottani, L., Bouchet, M., Bourgeat, C., Boutonnet, A., Bouvier, S., Brau Nogue, I., Braun, T., Bretz, M., Brigg, T., Bringmann, P., Brook, P., Brun, L., Brunetti, T., Buane, J., Buckley, R., Buehler, V., Bugaev, A., Bulgarelli, T., Bulik, G., Busetto, S., Buson, K., Byrum, M., Caille, R., Cameron, J., Camprecio, R., Canestrari, S., Cantu, M., Capalbi, P., Caraveo, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, J., Carr, P. . ., H., S., Casanova, M., Casiraghi, O., Catalano, S., Cavazzani, S., Cazaux, M., Cerruti, E., Chabanne, P., Chadwick, C., Champion, A., Chen, J., Chiang, L., Chiappetti, M., Chikawa, V. R., Chitni, F., Chollet, J., Chudoba, M., Cieslar, A., Cilli, J., Cohen Tanugi, S., Colafrancesco, P., Colin, J., Calome, S., Colonge, M., Compin, P., Conconi, V., Conforti, V., Connaughton, J., Conrad, J. L., Contrera, P., Coppi, P., Corona, D., Corti, J., Cortina, L., Cossio, H., Costantini, G., Cotter, B., Courty, S., Couturier, S., Covino, G., Crimi, S. J., Criswell, J., Croston, G., Cusumano, M., Dafonseca, O., Dale, M., Daniel, J., Darling, I., David, F., Dazzi, A. D., Angeli, V. D., Caprio, F. D., Frondat, E. M., De, I. d., La, G. A., De, R. d., Lo, B. D., Lotto, A. D., Luca, J. R., T., M. d., Nauroi, Y. d., Oliveira, E. d., Ona, V. d., Souza, G., Decerprit, G., Decock, C., Deil, E., Delagne, G., Deleglise, C., Delgado, D. D., Volpe, P., Demange, G., Depaola, A., Dettlaff, A. D., Paola, F. D., Pierro, C., Diaz, J., Dick, R., Dickherber, H., Dickinson, V., Diez Blanco, S., Digel, D., Dimitrov, G., Disset, A., Djannati Atai, M., Doert, M., Dohmke, W., Domainko, D. D., Prester, A., Donat, D., Dorner, M., Doro, J. . ., L., G., Drake, D., Dravin, L., Drury, F., Duboi, R., Duboi, G., Dubu, C., Dufour, D., Duma, J., Dumm, D., Durand, J., Dyk, M., Dyrda, J., Ebr, E., Edy, K., Egbert, P., Eger, S., Einecke, C., Eleftheriadi, S., Elle, D., Emmanoulopoulo, D., Engelhaupt, R., Enomoto, J. . ., P., M., Errando, A., Etchegoyen, P., Evan, A., Falcone, D., Fantinel, K., Farako, C., Farnier, G., Fasola, B., Favill, E., Fede, S., Federici, S., Fegan, F., Feinstein, D., Ferenc, P., Ferrando, M., Fesquet, A., Fiasson, E., Fillin Martino, D., Fink, C., Finley, J. P., Finley, M., Fiorini, R. F., Curcoll, H., Flore, D., Florin, W., Focke, C., Foehr, E., Fokiti, L., Font, G., Fontaine, M., Fornasa, A., Foerster, L., Fortson, N., Fouque, A., Franckowiak, C., Fransson, G., Fraser, R., Frei, I. F., M., L., Fresnillo, C., Fruck, Y., Fujita, Y., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, S., Funk, W., Gaebele, S., Gabici, R., Gabriele, A., Gadola, N., Galante, D., Gall, Y., Gallant, J., Gamez Garcia, B., Garcia, R. G., Lopez, D., Gardiol, D., Garrido, L., Garrido, D., Gascon, M., Gaug, J., Gaweda, L., Gebremedhin, N., Geffroy, L., Gerard, A., Ghedina, M., Ghigo, E., Giannakaki, F., Gianotti, S., Giarrusso, G., Giavitto, B., Giebel, V., Gika, P., Giommi, N., Girard, E., Giro, A., Giuliani, T., Glanzman, J. . ., F., N., Godinovic, V., Golev, M. G., Berisso, J., Gomez Ortega, M. M., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez, F., Gonzalez, A. G., Munoz, K. S., Gothe, M., Gougerot, R., Graciani, P., Grandi, F., Granena, J., Granot, G., Grasseau, R., Gredig, A., Green, T., Greenshaw, T., Gregoire, O., Grimm, J., Grube, M., Grudzinska, V., Gruev, S., Gruenewald, J., Grygorczuk, V., Guarino, S., Gunji, G., Gyuk, D., Hadasch, R., Hagiwara, J., Hahn, N., Hakansson, A., Hallgren, N. H., Hera, S., Hara, M. 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M., Comb, N., Mccubbin, I., Mchardy, R., Mckay, C., Medina, C., Melioli, D., Melkumyan, S., Mereghetti, P., Mertsch, M., Meucci, J., Michalowski, P., Micolon, A., Mihailidi, T., Mineo, M., Minuti, N., Mirabal, F., Mirabel, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, T., Mizuno, B., Moal, R., Moderski, I., Mognet, E., Molinari, M., Molinaro, T., Montaruli, I., Monteiro, P., Moore, A. M., Olaizola, M., Mordalska, C., Morello, K., Mori, F., Mottez, Y., Moudden, E., Moulin, I., Mrusek, R., Mukherjee, P., Munar Adrover, H., Muraishi, K., Murase, A., Murphy, S., Nagataki, T., Naito, D., Nakajima, T., Nakamori, K., Nakayama, C., Naumann, D., Naumann, M., Naumann Godo, P., Nayman, D., Nedbal, D., Neise, L., Nellen, V., Neustroev, N., Neyroud, L., Nicastro, J., Nicolau Kuklinski, A., Niedzwiecki, J., Niemiec, D., Nieto, A., Nikolaidi, K., Nishijima, S., Nolan, R., Northrop, D., Nosek, N., Nowak, A., Nozato, P., O'Brien, Y., Ohira, M., Ohishi, S., Ohm, H., Ohoka, T., Okuda, A., Okumura, R. A., Ong, R., Orito, M., Orr, J., Osborne, M., Ostrowski, L. A., Otero, N., Otte, E., Ovcharov, I., Oya, A., Ozieblo, L., Padilla, S., Paiano, D., Paillot, A., Paizi, S., Palanque, M., Palatka, J., Pallota, K., Panagiotidi, D., Paneque, M., Panter, R., Paoletti, A., Papayanni, G., Papyan, J. M., Parede, G., Pareschi, G., Park, D., Parson, M. P., Arriba, M., Pech, G., Pedaletti, V., Pelassa, D., Pelat, M. D., C., M., Persic, P. . ., O., B., Peyaud, A., Pichel, S., Pita, F., Pizzolato, L., Plato, R., Platzer, L., Pogosyan, M., Pohl, G., Pojmanski, J. D., Ponz, W., Potter, J., Poutanen, E., Prandini, J., Prast, R., Preece, F., Profeti, H., Prokoph, M., Prouza, M., Proyetti, I., Puerto Gimenez, G., Puehlhofer, I., Puljak, M., Punch, R., Pyziol, E. J., Quel, J., Quinn, A., Quirrenbach, E., Racero, P. J., Rajda, P., Ramon, R., Rando, R. C., Rannot, M., Rataj, M., Raue, P., Reardon, O., Reimann, A., Reimer, O., Reimer, K., Reitberger, M., Renaud, S., Renner, B., Reville, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, M., Ribordy, M. G., Richer, J., Rico, J., Ridky, F., Rieger, P., Ringegni, J., Ripken, P. R., Ristori, A., Riviere, S., Rivoire, L., Rob, U., Roeser, R., Rohlf, G., Roja, P., Romano, W., Romaszkan, G. E., Romero, S., Rosen, S. R., Lee, D., Ro, G., Rouaix, J., Rousselle, S., Rousselle, A. C., Rovero, F., Roy, S., Royer, B., Rudak, C., Rulten, M., Rupinski, F., Russo, F., Ryde, B., Sacco, E. O., Saemann, A., Saggion, V., Safiakian, K., Saito, T., Saito, Y., Saito, N., Sakaki, R., Sakonaka, A., Salini, F., Sanchez, M., Sanchez Conde, A., Sandoval, H., Sandaker, E., Sant'Ambrogio, A., Santangelo, E. M., Santo, A., Sanuy, L., Sapozhnikov, S., Sarkar, N., Sartore, H., Sasaki, K., Satalecka, M., Sawada, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, M., Scarcioffolo, J., Schafer, T., Schanz, S., Schlenstedt, R., Schlickeiser, T., Schmidt, J., Schmoll, P., Schovanek, M., Schroedter, C., Schultz, J., Schultze, A., Schulz, K., Schure, T., Schwab, U., Schwanke, J., Schwarz, S., Schwarzburg, T., Schweizer, S., Schwemmer, A., Segreto, G. H., Sembroski, K., Seweryn, M., Sharma, M., Shayduk, R. C., Shellard, J., Shi, T., Shibata, A., Shibuya, E., Shum, L., Sidoli, M., Sidz, J., Sieiro, M., Sikora, J., Silk, A., Sillanpaa, B. B., Singh, J., Sitarek, C., Skole, R., Smareglia, A., Smith, D., Smith, J., Smith, N., Smith, D., Sobczynska, H., Sol, G., Sottile, M., Sowinski, F., Spanier, D., Spiga, S., Spyrou, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, R., Starling, L., Stawarz, R., Steenkamp, C., Stegmann, S., Steiner, N., Stergioula, R., Sternberger, M., Sterzel, F., Stinzing, M., Stodulski, U., Straumann, E., Strazzeri, L., Stringhetti, A., Suarez, M., Suchenek, R., Sugawara, K. . ., H., S., Sun, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Suric, P., Sutcliffe, J., Syke, M., Szanecki, T., Szepieniec, A., Szostek, G., Tagliaferri, H., Tajima, H., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, L., Takalo, H., Takami, C., Talbot, J., Tammi, M., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, J., Tasan, M., Tavani, L. A., Tejedor, I., Telezhinsky, P., Temnikov, C., Tenzer, Y., Terada, R., Terrier, M., Teshima, V., Testa, D., Tezier, D., Thuermann, L., Tibaldo, O., Tibolla, A., Tiengo, M., Tluczykont, C. J., Todero, F., Tokanai, M., Tokarz, K., Toma, K., Torii, M., Tornikoski, D. F., Torre, M., Torre, G., Tosti, T., Totani, C., Toussenel, G., Tovmassian, P., Travnicek, M., Trifoglio, I., Troyano, K., Tsingano, H., Ueno, K., Umehara, S. S., Upadhya, T., Usher, M., Uslenghi, J. F., Valdes Galicia, P., Vallania, G., Vallejo, W. v., Driel, C. v., Eldik, J., Vandenbrouke, J., Vanderwalt, H., Vankov, G., Vasileiadi, V., Vassiliev, D., Veberic, I., Vega, S., Vercellone, S., Vergani, C., Veyssiere, J. P., Vialle, A., Viana, M., Videla, P., Vincent, S., Vincent, J., Vink, N., Vlahaki, L., Vlaho, P., Vogler, A., Vollhardt, H. . ., P., S., Vorobiov, C., Vuerli, V., Waegebaert, R., Wagner, R. G., Wagner, S., Wagner, S. P., Wakely, R., Walter, T., Walther, K., Warda, R., Warwick, P., Wawer, R., Wawrzaszek, N., Webb, P., Wegner, A., Weinstein, Q., Weitzel, R., Welsing, M., Werner, H., Wetteskind, R., White, A., Wierzcholska, S., Wiesand, M., Wilkinson, D. A., William, R., Willingale, K., Winiarski, R., Wischnewski, L., Wisniewski, M., Wood, A., Woernlein, Q., Xiong, K. K., Yadav, H., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, R., Yamazaki, S., Yanagita, J. M., Yebra, D., Yelo, A., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, V., Zabalza, M., Zacharia, A., Zajczyk, R., Zanin, A., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A., Zhao, X., Zhou, K., Zietara, J., Ziolkowski, P., Ziolkowski, V., Zitelli, C., Zurbach, P., Zychowski, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CTA, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Next generation Cherenkov telescopes, Ciencias Físicas, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, TeV GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY, Observatory, Air showers, HESS, Cherenkov Telescopes, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, MISSION, SUPERNOVA REMNANT W44, TELESCOPE, ASTRONOMY, EMISSION, Physics, ta213, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, TeV gamma-ray astronomy, ddc:540, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Air shower, AIR SHOWERS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Preparatory phase, ta115, TeV gamma-ray astronomy Air showers Cherenkov Telescopes, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, CHERENKOV TELESCOPES, Física, Astronomy, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Cherenkov Telescope Array, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, Design study, Telecommunications, business
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project., La lista completa de autores puede consultarse en el documento o en la página web de la revista., Facultad de Ingeniería
Published: 2013
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13. Fabrication of the GLAST Silicon Tracker Readout Electronics

Author: M. Ziegler, R. P. Johnson, H. Tajima, M. Sugizaki, L. Latronico, C. C. Young, Hartmut Sadrozinski, Carmelo Sgrò, Luca Baldini, M. Minuti, D. Nelson, T. Himel, G. Spandre, A. Brez, and Johann Cohen-Tanugi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fabrication, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Reading (computer), Detector, Electrical engineering, Electronic packaging, STRIPS, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, Nuclear electronics, Electronic engineering, Electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: A unique electronics system has been built and tested for reading signals from the silicon-strip detectors of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope mission. The system amplifies and processes signals from 884 736 36-cm long silicon strips in a 4times4 array of tower modules. An aggressive mechanical design fits the readout electronics in narrow spaces between the tower modules, to minimize dead area. This design and the resulting departures from conventional electronics packaging led to several fabrication challenges and lessons learned. This paper describes the fabrication processes and how the problems peculiar to this design were overcome
Published: 2006
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14. Reading a GEM with a VLSI pixel ASIC used as a direct charge collecting anode

Author: R BELLAZZINI, F ANGELINI, L BALDINI, F BITTI, A BREZ, M CECCANTI, L LATRONICO, M MASSAI, M MINUTI, and N OMODEI
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation
Published: 2004
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15. The imaging properties of the Gas Pixel Detector as a focal plane polarimeter

Author: Alessandro Brez, Fabio Muleri, Wolfgang Burkert, Sergio Fabiani, Gisela Hartner, Paolo Soffitta, Giovanni Pareschi, Alda Rubini, L. de Ruvo, Vadim Burwitz, E. Del Monte, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, M. Pinchera, Gloria Spandre, Oberto Citterio, Enrico Costa, Benedikt Menz, Stefano Basso, M. Minuti, Carmelo Sgrò, Daniele Spiga, and Ronaldo Bellazzini
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarimeter, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Cardinal point, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, law, Focal length, Angular resolution, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: X-rays are particularly suited to probe the physics of extreme objects. However, despite the enormous improvements of X-ray Astronomy in imaging, spectroscopy and timing, polarimetry remains largely unexplored. We propose the photoelectric polarimeter Gas Pixel Detector (GPD) as an instrument candidate to fill the gap of more than thirty years of lack of measurements. The GPD, in the focus of a telescope, will increase the sensitivity of orders of magnitude. Moreover, since it can measure the energy, the position, the arrival time and the polarization angle of every single photon, allows to perform polarimetry of subsets of data singled out from the spectrum, the light curve or the image of source. The GPD has an intrinsic very fine imaging capability and in this work we report on the calibration campaign carried out in 2012 at the PANTER X-ray test facility of the Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur extraterrestrische Physik of Garching (Germany) in which, for the first time, we coupled it to a JET-X optics module with a focal length of 3.5 m and an angular resolution of 18 arcsec at 4.5 keV. This configuration was proposed in 2012 aboard the X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer (XIPE) in response to the ESA call for a small mission. We derived the imaging and polarimetric performance for extended sources like Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Supernova Remnants as case studies for the XIPE configuration, discussing also possible improvements by coupling the detector with advanced optics, having finer angular resolution and larger effective area, to study with more details extended objects., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Published: 2014

16. Chromatic X-Ray imaging with a fine pitch CdTe sensor coupled to a large area photon counting pixel ASIC

Author: R. Bellazzini, M. Pinchera, M. Minuti, A. Brez, Gloria Spandre, and P. Mozzo
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pixel, Image quality, business.industry, X-ray detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Particle detector, Photon counting, Optics, Chromatic scale, Image sensor, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: An innovative X-ray imaging sensor with intrinsic digital characteristics is presented. It is based on Chromatic Photon Counting technology. The detector is able to count individually the incident X-ray photons and to separate them according to their energy (two 'color' images per exposure). The energy selection occurs in real time and at radiographic imaging speed (GHz global counting rate). Photon counting, color mode and a very high spatial resolution (more than 10 l.p./mm at MTF50) allow to obtain an optimal ratio between image quality and absorbed dose. The individual block of the imaging system is a two-side buttable semiconductor radiation detector made of a thin pixellated CdTe crystal (the sensor) coupled to a large area VLSI CMOS pixel ASIC. 1, 2, 4, 8 tile units have been built. The 8 tiles unit has 25cm x 2.5cm sensitive area. Results and images obtained from in depth testing of several configurations of the system are presented. The X-Ray imaging system is the technological platform of PIXIRAD Imaging Counters s.r.l., a recently constituted INFN spin-off company., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2012
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17. The GPD as a polarimeter: theory and facts

Author: Fabio Muleri, Gloria Spandre, Paolo Soffitta, Enrico Costa, Sergio Fabiani, Francesco Lazzarotto, M. Pinchera, M. Minuti, R. Bellazzini, A. Brez, and Alda Rubini
Subjects: Physics, Supernova, Pulsar, Polarimetry, Astronomy, Polarimeter, Astrophysics, Supernova remnant, Pulsar wind nebula, Modulation factor
Published: 2010
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18. FF-LYNX: protocol and interfaces for the control and readout of future Silicon detectors

Author: A. Amendola, Sergio Saponara, Luca Fanucci, C. Tongiani, G. Bianchi, Roberto Rossin, P. G. Verdini, Joe Incandela, R. Castaldi, G Magazzu, and M. Minuti
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Detector, Transmitter, Latency (audio), Transmission (telecommunications), CMOS, Power module, business, Field-programmable gate array, Instrumentation, Protocol (object-oriented programming), Mathematical Physics, Computer hardware
Abstract: The FF-LYNX protocol provides an innovative solution for the integrated distribution of Timing, Trigger and Control signals and the data readout in future High Energy Physics experiments. Transmitter and receiver interfaces implementing the FF-LYNX protocol have been simulated with a high-level simulator and in an FPGA based emulator. The design of the interfaces in a commercial CMOS technology as radiation tolerant and low power modules is ongoing and the submission of a test circuit is foreseen in fall 2010. The key features of the protocol are described in this paper as well as its possible application for the transmission from Silicon Trackers to trigger processors with short and constant latency of data to be used for the L1 trigger generation.
Published: 2010

19. FF-LYNX: integrated Control, Trigger and Readout in Future High Energy Physics Experiments

Author: Guido Magazzu, Luca Fanucci, G. Bianchi, Sergio Saponara, C. Tongiani, R. Castaldi, M. Minuti, A. Amendola, and P. G. Verdini
Subjects: Particle physics, CMOS, law, Computer science, Nuclear electronics, Detector, Integrated circuit, Protocol (object-oriented programming), Particle detector, Synchronization, law.invention, Power (physics)
Abstract: The FF-LYNX project aims at the definition of a flexible protocol for the distribution of Timing, Trigger and Control (TTC) signals and for the readout in future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments and its implementation in radiation tolerant and low power interfaces designed and developed in standard CMOS technologies (130nm-90nm) and available as IP cores to designers of integrated circuits. The results of the first year of activity and future plans are here presented.
Published: 2009

20. X-ray polarimetry in Astrophysics with the Gas Pixel Detector

Author: M. Pinchera, Enrico Costa, Gloria Spandre, Francesco Lazzarotto, M. Minuti, Alessandro Brez, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Fabio Muleri, Alda Rubini, and Paolo Soffitta
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Photon, Linear polarization, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Polarimetry, Compton scattering, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Bragg's law, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Photoelectric effect, law.invention, Telescope, law, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Focus (optics), Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Mathematical Physics
Abstract: The Gas Pixel Detector, recently developed and continuously improved by Pisa INFN in collaboration with IASF-Roma of INAF, can visualize the tracks produced within a low Z gas by photoelectrons of few keV. By reconstructing the impact point and the original direction of the photoelectrons, the GPD can measure the linear polarization of X-rays, while preserving the information on the absorption point, the energy and the time of individual photons. Applied to X-ray Astrophysics, in the focus of grazing incidence telescopes, it can perform angular resolved polarimetry with a huge improvement of sensitivity, when compared with the conventional techniques of Bragg diffraction at 45 degrees and Compton scattering around 90 degrees. This configuration is the basis of POLARIX and HXMT, two pathfinder missions, and is included in the baseline design of IXO, the very large X-ray telescope under study by NASA, ESA and JAXA., Comment: Proceeding of MPGD2009 Conference, June 12-15, 2009 Kolympari, Crete, Greece; 10 pages, 6 figures and 1 table
Published: 2009
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21. The GLAST LAT tracker construction and test

Author: P. Spinelli, M. Minori, Francesco Giordano, G. Busetto, A. Caliandro, G. Spandre, R. Bagagli, F. Gargano, Guido Barbiellini, F. Loparco, P. Picozza, R. Giannitrapani, G. Foglia, M. N. Mazziotta, Francesco Longo, Nicola Omodei, N. Giglietto, R. Bellazzini, G. Mazzenga, A. Troianiello, C. Favuzzi, A. Brez, P. Lubrano, Carmelo Sgrò, M. Ceccanti, M. Marchetti, F. Bellardi, M. Pepe, M. Perchiazzi, S. Germani, M. Mongelli, A. Morselli, B. Marangelli, M. Bagni, L. Latronico, P. Fusco, Franco Angelini, Robert R. Rando, G. Scolieri, M. Minuti, E. Rapposelli, L. Andreanelli, M. Fazzi, N. Menon, A. De Angelis, Claudia Cecchi, S. Rainò, M. Kuss, N. Saggini, A. Sacchetti, A. Tenze, M. Brigida, F. Belli, Marco Maria Massai, N. Mirizzi, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Luca Baldini, Marco Frailis, Dario Gasparrini, M. Razzano, Belli, F., Andreanelli, L., Angelini, F., Bagagli, R., Bagni, M., Baldini, L., BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Busetto, G., Caliandro, A., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., De Angelis, A., Favuzzi, C., Fazzi, M., Foglia, G., Frailis, M., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giannitrapani, R., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lubrano, P., Marangelli, B., Marchetti, M., Massai, M. M., Mazzenga, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Menon, N., Minori, M., Minuti, M., Mirizzi, N., Mongelli, M., Morselli, A., Omodei, N., Pepe, M., Perchiazzi, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Picozza, P., Raino', S., Rando, R., Rapposelli, E., Razzano, M., Sacchetti, A., Saggini, N., Scolieri, G., Sgro', C., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Tenze, A., and Troianiello, A.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Field of view, Cosmic ray, Detectors, Detector, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, law.invention, Telescope, Pulsar, Observatory, law, GLAST satellite, Satellite, Energy source, Blazar, Instrumentation
Abstract: GLAST is a next generation high-energy gamma-ray observatory designed for making observations of celestial gamma-ray sources in the energy band extending from 10 KeV to more than 300 GeV. Respect to the previous instrument EGRET, GLAST will have a higher effective area (six times more), higher field of view, energy range and resolution, providing an unprecedented advance in sensitivity (a factor 30 or more). The main scientific goals are the study of all gamma-ray sources such as blazars, gamma-ray bursts, supernova remnants, pulsars, diffuse radiation, and unidentified high-energy sources. The construction and test of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) tracker, has been a great effort during the past years, involving tens of people from many Italian INFN sections and industrial partners. Environmental and performance tests of the hardware, detectors and reading electronics, have been carried on during all the steps of the LAT construction. The resulting LAT performance are better than the ones required by the original science proposal, demonstrating the quality of the italian group effort. In this article we summarize the LAT construction and test workflow, presenting its main results.
Published: 2007

22. On the Effect of Different Configurations in Air-Cathode MFCs Fed by Composite Food Waste for Energy Harvesting

Author: D. Frattini, G. Falcucci, M. Minutillo, C. Ferone, R. Cioffi, and E. Jannelli
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: In this work, experimental results on the behavior of single chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cells, fed by composite food waste, are illustrated. Specific interest has been focused on the presence/absence of a Nafion membrane, the influence of horizontal/vertical cell layout and on the amount of water inside the cells, in order to evaluate the performances in different configurations. A remarkable increment of performances is observed when a Nafion membrane is used or when the composite food waste has a low Solid-to-Liquid ratio. Resultsshowed that values of about 380-550 mV, for the open circuit voltage, and power density of 16-27 mW/m2 areachieved when Nafion/Vertical or Nafion/Conditioned/Horizontal configurations are used. The most limiting factors to power generation can be attributed to the high water losses, when Nafion is absent, and to the high internal resistance, when a thick cathode is used instead of a thin carbon cloth.
Published: 2016
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23. RD53 analog front-end processors for the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the high-luminosity LHC

Author: Natalia Emriskova, David-leon Pohl, Sandeep Miryala, F. Licciulli, R. Carney, Z. Janoska, Fabrizio Palla, G. Neue, M. Standke, Mauro Menichelli, V. Gromov, Fabian Hügging, Giulia Mazza, R. Beccherle, V. Kafka, Stefano Bonaldo, S. Orfanelli, G. De Robertis, Farah Fahim, Hans Krüger, L. Pacher, P. Rymaszewski, Angelo Rivetti, A. Krieger, Francesco Crescioli, Dario Gnani, Steven Bell, Simone Gerardin, J. Hoff, L. M. Jara Casas, Fernando Muñoz, P. Pangaud, Scott Thomas, Dario Bisello, M. Vogt, Miroslav Havranek, Luigi Gaioni, D. Gajanana, Daniele Passeri, M. Garcia-Sciveres, M. Barbero, Alexandre Rozanov, Tianqi Wang, M. Daas, Nicola Bacchetta, O. Le Dortz, Alessandro Paccagnella, Mark L. Prydderch, G. Marchiori, Tomasz Hemperek, Michal Marcisovsky, Richard B. Lipton, D. Dzahini, R. Gaglione, T. Liu, Guido Magazzu, F. Loddo, F. E. Rarbi, Fabio Morsani, Konstantin Androsov, L. Tomasek, M. Karagounis, Duccio Abbaneo, E. Lopez-Morillo, Massimo Manghisoni, Alberto Stabile, Silvana Marconi, Luca Frontini, Cristoforo Marzocca, A. Stiller, Mohsine Menouni, B. Van Eijk, G. Della Casa, D. C. Christian, C. Vacchi, Vaclav Vrba, Natale Demaria, C. Renteira, S. Godiot, Serena Mattiazzo, Gianluca Traversi, Ennio Monteil, Y. Dieter, B. Nachman, Marco Bomben, K. Moustakas, T. Benka, Norbert Wermes, G. Calderini, M. Da Rocha Rolo, Martin Hoeferkamp, Jesper Roy Christiansen, G. M. Bilei, M. Minuti, P. Breugnon, Sally Seidel, D. Fougeron, G. Deptuch, Valentino Liberali, Ivan Vila, E. Riceputi, E. M. S. Jimenez, K. Papadopoulou, R. Kluit, Aleksandra Dimitrievska, A. Paterno, V. Wallangen, Pisana Placidi, D. Vogrig, Marta Bagatin, Tom Zimmerman, Valerio Re, A. Vitkovskiy, Timon Heim, A. Andreazza, S. Poulios, L. Ratti, F. R. Palomo, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High-energy physics, micrelectronics, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, Readout systems 65 nm CMOS technologiesActual experiments Analog front end Front-end channels Pixel detector Readout chips Luminance, Analog front-end, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, medicine.anatomical_structure, CMOS, Atlas (anatomy), 0103 physical sciences, medicine, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, business, Computer hardware, Pixel detector
Abstract: International audience; This work discusses the design and the main results relevant to the characterization of analogfront-end processors in view of their operation in the pixel detector readout chips of ATLAS andCMS at the High-Luminosity LHC. The front-end channels presented in this paper are part ofRD53A, a large scale demonstrator designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology by the RD53 collaboration. The collaboration is now developing the full-sized readout chips for the actual experiments. Some details on the improvements implemented in the analog front-ends are provided inthe paper.
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24. Towards breast tomography with synchrotron radiation at Elettra: first images.

Author: R Longo, F Arfelli, R Bellazzini, U Bottigli, A Brez, F Brun, A Brunetti, P Delogu, F Di Lillo, D Dreossi, V Fanti, C Fedon, B Golosio, N Lanconelli, G Mettivier, M Minuti, P Oliva, M Pinchera, L Rigon, and P Russo
Subjects: TOMOSYNTHESIS, BREAST surgery, CLINICAL trials, BREAST implants, BREAST
Abstract: The aim of the SYRMA-CT collaboration is to set-up the first clinical trial of phase-contrast breast CT with synchrotron radiation (SR). In order to combine high image quality and low delivered dose a number of innovative elements are merged: a CdTe single photon counting detector, state-of-the-art CT reconstruction and phase retrieval algorithms. To facilitate an accurate exam optimization, a Monte Carlo model was developed for dose calculation using GEANT4. In this study, high isotropic spatial resolution (120 μm)3 CT scans of objects with dimensions and attenuation similar to a human breast were acquired, delivering mean glandular doses in the range of those delivered in clinical breast CT (5–25 mGy). Due to the spatial coherence of the SR beam and the long distance between sample and detector, the images contain, not only absorption, but also phase information from the samples. The application of a phase-retrieval procedure increases the contrast-to-noise ratio of the tomographic images, while the contrast remains almost constant. After applying the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique to low-dose phase-retrieved data sets (about 5 mGy) with a reduced number of projections, the spatial resolution was found to be equal to filtered back projection utilizing a four fold higher dose, while the contrast-to-noise ratio was reduced by 30%. These first results indicate the feasibility of clinical breast CT with SR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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25. The GLAST tracker design and construction

Author: Bellazzini, R, Andreanelli, L, Angelini, Franco, Allegretti, S, Bagagli, R, Baldini, Luca, Barbiellini, G, Belli, F, Brez, A, Ceccanti, M, Cecchi, C, Ceschia, M, Tanugi, Jc, De Angelis, A, Favuzzi, C, Gargano, F, Giannitrapani, R, Giglietto, Giordano, F, Kuss, M, Latronico, L, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lubrano, P, Massai, MARCO MARIA, Mazziotta, Mn, Minuti, M, Morselli, A, Omodei, N, Paccagnella, A, Pagliarone, C, Picozza, P, Prest, M, Raino, S, Rando, R, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Vigiani, L, Zetti, F, RI Baldini Luca/E 5396 2012 lubrano pasquale/F 7269 2012 Morselli Aldo/G 6769 2011 Kuss Michael/H 8959 2012, R., Bellazzini, L., Andreanelli, F., Angelini, S., Allegretti, R., Bagagli, L., Baldini, BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, F., Belli, A., Brez, M., Ceccanti, C., Cecchi, M., Ceschia, J. C., Tanugi, Angelis, A., C., Favuzzi, F., Gargano, R., Giannitrapani, Giglietto, F., Giordano, M., Ku, L., Latronico, Longo, Francesco, F., Loparco, P., Lubrano, M. M., Massai, M. N., Mazziotta, M., Minuti, A., Morselli, N., Omodei, A., Paccagnella, C., Pagliarone, P., Picozza, M., Prest, S., Rain\`o, R., Rando, G., Spandre, P., Spinelli, L., Vigiani, and F., Zetti
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Particle detector, GLAST, law.invention, Telescope, gamma-ray astrophysics, Silicon Tracker, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, Aerospace engineering, Physics, Spacecraft, Spectrometer, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gamma ray satellite, silicon tracker, Astronomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor detector, Measuring instrument, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is an international and multi-agency space mission that will study the cosmos in the energy range 20 MeV – 1 TeV. GLAST is an imaging gamma-ray telescope more much capable than instruments flown previously. The main instrument on board of the spacecraft is the Large Area Telescope (LAT), a high energy pair conversion telescope consisting of three major subsystems: a precision silicon tracker/converter, a CsI electromagnetic calorimeter and a segmented anti-coincidence system. In this article, we present the status of the construction and tests of the silicon tracker.
Published: 2002

26. Selective neck dissection of level IIB in cN0 laryngeal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Mauramati S, Veneroni MV, Errico E, Canzi P, Bertino G, Robiolio E, Gelli R, Pedretti F, Minuti M, Crea R, and Benazzo M
Abstract: Purpose: The primary endpoint of the study was to quantitatively evaluate the presence of IIB neck level metastases in patients with laryngeal carcinoma, to provide valuable evidence to aid surgeons in the decision-making process for neck dissections. As a secondary aim this study analyzed the presence of factors that may be associated with a higher prevalence of metastasis., Methods: Two independent authors (EE, MVV) searched for articles on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases. Review of the articles was carried out following 2020 PRISMA guidelines, all articles were assessed for quality according to NICE guidelines. Afterwards the statistical analysis was performed with STATA 18SE software. Studies were also assessed for heterogeneity and risk of publication bias., Results: A total of 19 studies were included, from which data on 1205 subjects was extracted. Out of 997 patients with a cN0 LC, 21 patients developed metastasis. This meta-analysis found the cumulative rate of metastasis to be 1% (95% CI 0-2%). Also, there is a 51% higher probability (OR: 1.51, 95% CI 0.06, 2.92) of occult IIB metastasis in higher stages (T3/T4) compared to lower stages (T1/T2)., Conclusions: Dissection of level IIB may be safely spared in patients with cN0 laryngeal cancer, possibly leading to improved QoL and shoulder function as well as reducing OR times and costs., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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27. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) in treatment of mucosal head and neck tumors. An international network for sharing practices on ECT (InspECT) study group report.

Author: Bertino G, Minuti M, Groselj A, Jamsek C, Silvestri B, Carpene S, Matteucci P, Riva G, Pecorari G, Mascherini M, Kjær Lønkvist C, Muir T, Kunte C, de Terlizzi F, and Sersa G
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Adult, Laryngeal Neoplasms therapy, Laryngeal Neoplasms drug therapy, Laryngeal Neoplasms pathology, Treatment Outcome, Aged, 80 and over, Pharyngeal Neoplasms therapy, Pharyngeal Neoplasms drug therapy, Pharyngeal Neoplasms pathology, Mouth Neoplasms drug therapy, Mouth Neoplasms therapy, Mouth Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Europe, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell therapy, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell drug therapy, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Electrochemotherapy methods, Head and Neck Neoplasms therapy, Head and Neck Neoplasms drug therapy, Head and Neck Neoplasms pathology
Abstract: The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of electrochemotherapy (ECT) for the treatment of mucosal tumors in the head and neck. A total of 71 patients with 84 nodules of different histologies in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx treated by ECT were evaluated. The data were collected from the InspECT database from 10 participating centers throughout Europe. Primary and recurrent/secondary tumors of different histologies were treated. The overall response rate was 65 %, with a 33 % complete response rate with limited side effects. The response rates of the primary and secondary tumors were not different. However, smaller tumors responded better than tumors larger than 3 cm in diameter. Furthermore, the tumors that were treated with curative intent responded significantly better than those treated with palliative intent. This study demonstrated the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of ECT in a larger cohort of patients with mucosal lesions in the head and neck region. Based on the available data, ECT can be used for the treatment of recurrent and, in some cases, primary mucosal tumors located in the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx. A better response was obtained in patients with smaller primary tumors treated with curative intent., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Francesca de Terlizzi is an IGEA employer. No other authors have conflicts of interest. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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28. A diagnosis you wouldn't expect in a supraclavicular mass.

Author: Mauramati S, Pedretti F, Herman I, Trisolini G, Luchena A, Gelli R, Robiolio E, Minuti M, Veneroni MV, Bertino G, Feltri M, D'Ambrosio G, Benazzo M, and Morbini P
Subjects: Humans, Clavicle pathology, Clavicle diagnostic imaging
Published: 2024
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29. Photon-counting hexagonal pixel array CdTe detector: Spatial resolution characteristics for image-guided interventional applications.

Author: Vedantham S, Shrestha S, Karellas A, Shi L, Gounis MJ, Bellazzini R, Spandre G, Brez A, and Minuti M
Subjects: Alloys, Blood Vessels diagnostic imaging, Fingers diagnostic imaging, Humans, Linear Models, Models, Anatomic, Phantoms, Imaging, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Radiometry methods, Stents, Therapy, Computer-Assisted methods, Wrist diagnostic imaging, X-Rays, Angiography, Digital Subtraction methods, Cadmium Compounds, Photons, Radiometry instrumentation, Tellurium, Therapy, Computer-Assisted instrumentation
Abstract: Purpose: High-resolution, photon-counting, energy-resolved detector with fast-framing capability can facilitate simultaneous acquisition of precontrast and postcontrast images for subtraction angiography without pixel registration artifacts and can facilitate high-resolution real-time imaging during image-guided interventions. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the spatial resolution characteristics of a hexagonal pixel array photon-counting cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector., Methods: A 650 μm thick CdTe Schottky photon-counting detector capable of concurrently acquiring up to two energy-windowed images was operated in a single energy-window mode to include photons of 10 keV or higher. The detector had hexagonal pixels with apothem of 30 μm resulting in pixel pitch of 60 and 51.96 μm along the two orthogonal directions. The detector was characterized at IEC-RQA5 spectral conditions. Linear response of the detector was determined over the air kerma rate relevant to image-guided interventional procedures ranging from 1.3 nGy/frame to 91.4 μGy/frame. Presampled modulation transfer was determined using a tungsten edge test device. The edge-spread function and the finely sampled line spread function accounted for hexagonal sampling, from which the presampled modulation transfer function (MTF) was determined. Since detectors with hexagonal pixels require resampling to square pixels for distortion-free display, the optimal square pixel size was determined by minimizing the root-mean-squared-error of the aperture functions for the square and hexagonal pixels up to the Nyquist limit., Results: At Nyquist frequencies of 8.33 and 9.62 cycles/mm along the apothem and orthogonal to the apothem directions, the modulation factors were 0.397 and 0.228, respectively. For the corresponding axis, the limiting resolution defined as 10% MTF occurred at 13.3 and 12 cycles/mm, respectively. Evaluation of the aperture functions yielded an optimal square pixel size of 54 μm. After resampling to 54 μm square pixels using trilinear interpolation, the presampled MTF at Nyquist frequency of 9.26 cycles/mm was 0.29 and 0.24 along the orthogonal directions and the limiting resolution (10% MTF) occurred at approximately 12 cycles/mm. Visual analysis of a bar pattern image showed the ability to resolve close to 12 line-pairs/mm and qualitative evaluation of a neurovascular nitinol-stent showed the ability to visualize its struts at clinically relevant conditions., Conclusions: Hexagonal pixel array photon-counting CdTe detector provides high spatial resolution in single-photon counting mode. After resampling to optimal square pixel size for distortion-free display, the spatial resolution is preserved. The dual-energy capabilities of the detector could allow for artifact-free subtraction angiography and basis material decomposition. The proposed high-resolution photon-counting detector with energy-resolving capability can be of importance for several image-guided interventional procedures as well as for pediatric applications.
Published: 2016
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30. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: from laboratory to pilot and industrial scale.

Author: Filly A, Fernandez X, Minuti M, Visinoni F, Cravotto G, and Chemat F
Subjects: Green Chemistry Technology instrumentation, Microwaves, Oils, Volatile chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Distillation methods, Green Chemistry Technology methods, Oils, Volatile isolation & purification, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Rosmarinus chemistry, Spices analysis
Abstract: Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) has been proposed as a green method for the extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs that are extensively used in the food industry. This technique is a combination of microwave heating and dry distillation performed at atmospheric pressure without any added solvent or water. The isolation and concentration of volatile compounds is performed in a single stage. In this work, SFME and a conventional technique, hydro-distillation HD (Clevenger apparatus), are used for the extraction of essential oil from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and are compared. This preliminary laboratory study shows that essential oils extracted by SFME in 30min were quantitatively (yield and kinetics profile) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained using conventional hydro-distillation in 2h. Experiments performed in a 75L pilot microwave reactor prove the feasibility of SFME up scaling and potential industrial applications., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2014
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31. Simultaneous microwave extraction and separation of volatile and non-volatile organic compounds of boldo leaves. From lab to industrial scale.

Author: Petigny L, Périno S, Minuti M, Visinoni F, Wajsman J, and Chemat F
Subjects: Equipment Design, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Fractionation instrumentation, Microwaves, Oils, Volatile chemistry, Peumus chemistry, Plant Leaves chemistry, Volatile Organic Compounds isolation & purification
Abstract: Microwave extraction and separation has been used to increase the concentration of the extract compared to the conventional method with the same solid/liquid ratio, reducing extraction time and separate at the same time Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from non-Volatile Organic Compounds (NVOC) of boldo leaves. As preliminary study, a response surface method has been used to optimize the extraction of soluble material and the separation of VOC from the plant in laboratory scale. The results from the statistical analysis revealed that the optimized conditions were: microwave power 200 W, extraction time 56 min and solid liquid ratio of 7.5% of plants in water. Lab scale optimized microwave method is compared to conventional distillation, and requires a power/mass ratio of 0.4 W/g of water engaged. This power/mass ratio is kept in order to upscale from lab to pilot plant.
Published: 2014
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32. Fermi observations of high-energy gamma-ray emission from GRB 080916C.

Author: Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Arimoto M, Asano K, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Band DL, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Battelino M, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellardi F, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bhat PN, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogaert G, Bogart JR, Bonamente E, Bonnell J, Borgland AW, Bouvier A, Bregeon J, Brez A, Briggs MS, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Burrows D, Busetto G, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Ceccanti M, Cecchi C, Celotti A, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Connaughton V, Conrad J, Costamante L, Cutini S, Deklotz M, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Dingus BL, do Couto E Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Evans PA, Fabiani D, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Finke J, Fishman G, Focke WB, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Goldstein A, Granot J, Greiner J, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Haller G, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hernando Morat JA, Hoover A, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kavelaars A, Kawai N, Kelly H, Kennea J, Kerr M, Kippen RM, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kocian ML, Komin N, Kouveliotou C, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Lande J, Landriu D, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lavalley C, Lee B, Lee SH, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lichti GG, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Marangelli B, Mazziotta MN, McBreen S, McEnery JE, McGlynn S, Meegan C, Mészáros P, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Minuti M, Mirizzi N, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Moretti E, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nelson D, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paciesas WS, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Perri M, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Pinchera M, Piron F, Porter TA, Preece R, Rainò S, Ramirez-Ruiz E, Rando R, Rapposelli E, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Rea N, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Reyes LC, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HF, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Schalk TL, Segal KN, Sgrò C, Shimokawabe T, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stamatikos M, Starck JL, Stecker FW, Steinle H, Stephens TE, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tagliaferri G, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Tenze A, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Turri M, Tuvi S, Usher TL, van der Horst AJ, Vigiani L, Vilchez N, Vitale V, von Kienlin A, Waite AP, Williams DA, Wilson-Hodge C, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wu XF, Yamazaki R, Ylinen T, and Ziegler M
Abstract: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are highly energetic explosions signaling the death of massive stars in distant galaxies. The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Observatory together record GRBs over a broad energy range spanning about 7 decades of gammaray energy. In September 2008, Fermi observed the exceptionally luminous GRB 080916C, with the largest apparent energy release yet measured. The high-energy gamma rays are observed to start later and persist longer than the lower energy photons. A simple spectral form fits the entire GRB spectrum, providing strong constraints on emission models. The known distance of the burst enables placing lower limits on the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow and on the quantum gravity mass.
Published: 2009
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32 results on '"M. Minuti"'

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3. XPOL-III: A new-generation VLSI CMOS ASIC for high-throughput X-ray polarimetry

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5. Design and Development of the Back-End Electronics for the IXPE Mission

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32. Fermi observations of high-energy gamma-ray emission from GRB 080916C.

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32 results on '"M. Minuti"'

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