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1. Evaluating and improving the treatment of gases in radiation schemes: the Correlated K-Distribution Model Intercomparison Project (CKDMIP)

Author

R. J. Hogan and M. Matricardi

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Most radiation schemes in weather and climate models use the “correlated k distribution” (CKD) method to treat gas absorption, which approximates a broadband spectral integration by N pseudo-monochromatic calculations. Larger N means more accuracy and a wider range of gas concentrations can be simulated but at greater computational cost. Unfortunately, the tools to perform this efficiency–accuracy trade-off (e.g. to generate separate CKD models for applications such as short-range weather forecasting to climate modelling) are unavailable to the vast majority of users of radiation schemes. This paper describes the experimental protocol for the Correlated K-Distribution Model Intercomparison Project (CKDMIP), whose purpose is to use benchmark line-by-line calculations: (1) to evaluate the accuracy of existing CKD models, (2) to explore how accuracy varies with N for CKD models submitted by CKDMIP participants, (3) to understand how different choices in the way that CKD models are generated affect their accuracy for the same N, and (4) to generate freely available datasets and software facilitating the development of new gas-optics tools. The datasets consist of the high-resolution longwave and shortwave absorption spectra of nine gases for a range of atmospheric conditions, realistic and idealized. Thirty-four concentration scenarios for the well-mixed greenhouse gases are proposed to test CKD models from palaeo- to future-climate conditions. We demonstrate the strengths of the protocol in this paper by using it to evaluate the widely used Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Models (RRTMG).

Published
2020
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2. All-sky assimilation of infrared radiances sensitive to mid- and upper-tropospheric moisture and cloud

Author

A. J. Geer, S. Migliorini, and M. Matricardi

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

All-sky assimilation of infrared (IR) radiances has not yet become operational at any weather forecasting centre, but it promises to bring new observations in sensitive areas and avoid the need for cloud detection. A new all-sky IR configuration gives results comparable to (and in some areas better than) clear-sky assimilation of the same data, meaning that operational implementation is now feasible. The impact of seven upper-tropospheric water vapour (WV) sounding channels from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is evaluated in both all-sky and clear-sky approaches. All-sky radiative transfer simulations (and the forecast model's cloud fields) are now sufficiently accurate that systematic errors are comparable to those of clear-sky assimilation outside of a few difficult areas such as deep convection. All-sky assimilation brings 65 % more data than clear-sky assimilation globally, with the biggest increases in midlatitude storm tracks and tropical convective areas. However, all-sky gives slightly less weight to any one observation than in the clear-sky approach. In the midlatitudes, all-sky and clear-sky assimilation have similarly beneficial impact on mid- and upper-tropospheric dynamical forecast fields. Here the addition of data in cloudy areas is offset by the slightly lower weight given to the observations. But in the tropics, all-sky assimilation is significantly more beneficial than clear-sky assimilation, with improved dynamical short-range forecasts throughout the troposphere and stratosphere.

Published
2019
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3. An update on the RTTOV fast radiative transfer model (currently at version 12)

Author

R. Saunders, J. Hocking, E. Turner, P. Rayer, D. Rundle, P. Brunel, J. Vidot, P. Roquet, M. Matricardi, A. Geer, N. Bormann, and C. Lupu

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

This paper gives an update of the RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for TOVS) fast radiative transfer model, which is widely used in the satellite retrieval and data assimilation communities. RTTOV is a fast radiative transfer model for simulating top-of-atmosphere radiances from passive visible, infrared and microwave downward-viewing satellite radiometers. In addition to the forward model, it also optionally computes the tangent linear, adjoint and Jacobian matrix providing changes in radiances for profile variable perturbations assuming a linear relationship about a given atmospheric state. This makes it a useful tool for developing physical retrievals from satellite radiances, for direct radiance assimilation in NWP models, for simulating future instruments, and for training or teaching with a graphical user interface. An overview of the RTTOV model is given, highlighting the updates and increased capability of the latest versions, and it gives some examples of its current performance when compared with more accurate line-by-line radiative transfer models and a few selected observations. The improvement over the original version of the model released in 1999 is demonstrated.

Published
2018
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4. A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz

Author

H. Brogniez, S. English, J.-F. Mahfouf, A. Behrendt, W. Berg, S. Boukabara, S. A. Buehler, P. Chambon, A. Gambacorta, A. Geer, W. Ingram, E. R. Kursinski, M. Matricardi, T. A. Odintsova, V. H. Payne, P. W. Thorne, M. Yu. Tretyakov, and J. Wang

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

Several recent studies have observed systematic differences between measurements in the 183.31 GHz water vapor line by space-borne sounders and calculations using radiative transfer models, with inputs from either radiosondes (radiosonde observations, RAOBs) or short-range forecasts by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This paper discusses all the relevant categories of observation-based or model-based data, quantifies their uncertainties and separates biases that could be common to all causes from those attributable to a particular cause. Reference observations from radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and Raman lidar are thus overviewed. Biases arising from their calibration procedures, NWP models and data assimilation, instrument biases and radiative transfer models (both the models themselves and the underlying spectroscopy) are presented and discussed. Although presently no single process in the comparisons seems capable of explaining the observed structure of bias, recommendations are made in order to better understand the causes.

Published
2016
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5. Retrieval of MetOp-A/IASI CO profiles and validation with MOZAIC data

Author

E. De Wachter, B. Barret, E. Le Flochmoën, E. Pavelin, M. Matricardi, C. Clerbaux, J. Hadji-Lazaro, M. George, D. Hurtmans, P.-F. Coheur, P. Nedelec, and J. P. Cammas

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

The IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) nadir-looking thermal infrared sounder onboard MetOp-A enables the monitoring of atmospheric constituents on a global scale. This paper presents a quality assessment of IASI CO profiles retrieved by the two different retrieval algorithms SOFRID and FORLI, by an intercomparison with airborne in-situ CO profiles from the MOZAIC program for the 2008–2009 period. Lower (surface–480 hPa) and upper tropospheric partial column (480–225 hPa) comparisons as well as profile comparisons are made. The retrieval errors of the IASI products are less than 21% in the lower troposphere and less than 10% in the upper troposphere. A statistical analysis shows similar correlation coefficients for the two retrieval algorithms and smoothed MOZAIC of r ~ 0.8 and r ~ 0.7 in the lower and upper troposphere respectively. Comparison with smoothed MOZAIC data of the temporal variation of the CO profiles at the airports of Frankfurt and Windhoek demonstrates that the IASI products are able to capture the seasonal variability at these sites. At Frankfurt SOFRID (respectively FORLI) is positively biased by 10.5% (13.0%) compared to smoothed MOZAIC in the upper (lower) troposphere, and the limited sensitivity of the IASI instrument to the boundary layer when thermal contrast is low is identified. At Windhoek, the impact of the vegetation fires in Southern Africa from July to November is captured by both SOFRID and FORLI, with an overestimation of the CO background values (fire maxima) by SOFRID (FORLI) by 12.8% (10%). Profile comparisons at Frankfurt and Windhoek show that the largest discrepancies are found between the two IASI products and MOZAIC for the nighttime retrievals.

Published
2012
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6. The detection of post-monsoon tropospheric ozone variability over south Asia using IASI data

Author

B. Barret, E. Le Flochmoen, B. Sauvage, E. Pavelin, M. Matricardi, and J. P. Cammas

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The ozone (O3) variability over south Asia during the 2008 post-monsoon season has been assessed using measurements from the MetOP-A/IASI instrument and O3 profiles retrieved with the SOftware for a Fast Retrieval of IASI Data (SOFRID). The information content study and error analyses carried out in this paper show that IASI Level 1 data can be used to retrieve tropospheric O3 columns (TOC, surface-225 hPa) and UTLS columns (225–70 hPa) with errors smaller than 20%. Validation with global radiosonde O3 profiles obtained during a period of 6 months show the excellent agreement between IASI and radiosonde for the UTLS with correlation coefficient R > 0.91 and good agreement in the troposphere with correlation coefficient R > 0.74. For both the UTLS and the troposphere Relative Standard Deviations (RSD) are lower than 23%. Comparison with in-situ measurements from the MOZAIC program around Hyderabad demonstrates that IASI is able to capture the TOC inter and intra-seasonal variability in central India. Nevertheless, the agreement is mitigated by the fact that the smoothing of the true O3 profiles by the retrieval results in a reduction of the TOC variability detected by IASI relative to the variability observed by in situ instruments. The post-monsoon temporal variability of the vertical profile of O3 around Hyderabad has been investigated with MOZAIC observations. These observations from airborne instruments show that tropospheric O3 is steadily elevated during most of the studied period with the exception of two sharp drops following the crossing of tropical storms over India. Lagrangian simulations with the FLEXPART model indicate that elevated O3 concentrations in the middle troposphere near Hyderabad are associated with the transport of UTLS air-masses that have followed the Subtropical Westerly Jet (SWJ) and subsided over northern India together with boundary layer polluted air-masses transported from the Indo-gangetic plain by the north-easterly trades. Low O3 concentrations result from the uplift and westward transport of pristine air-masses from the marine boundary layer of the Bay of Bengal by tropical storms. In order to extend the analysis of tropospheric O3 variability to the whole of south Asia, we have used IASI-SOFRID O3 data. We show that IASI O3 data around Hyderabad were able to capture the fast variability revealed by MOZAIC. Furthermore, their spatio-temporal coverage demonstrates that the behaviour of tropospheric O3 observed near Hyderabad extended over most of central and south India and part of the Bay of Bengal. This result highlights the ability of the IASI sensor to capture fast changes in chemical composition related to dramatic tropical weather conditions.

Published
2011
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7. The use of IASI data to identify systematic errors in the ECMWF forecasts of temperature in the upper stratosphere

Author

G. Masiello, M. Matricardi, and C. Serio

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Since data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) became available in 2007, a number of papers have appeared in the literature which have reported relatively large discrepancies between IASI spectra and forward calculations in the centre of the CO2 Q-branch at 667 cm−1. In this paper we show that these discrepancies are primarily due to errors in the temperature profiles used in the forward calculations. In particular, we have used forecasts of temperature profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to demonstrate that, for the case study considered in this paper, these profiles are affected by systematic errors of the order of ≈10 K at the level of the stratopause. To derive the magnitude and the spatial location of the systematic errors in the temperature profile, we have carried out forward/inverse calculations for a number of clear-sky, daytime, IASI tropical soundings over the sea. The forward calculations have been performed using atmospheric state vectors which have been obtained either from the direct inversion of the IASI radiances or from space-time co-located profiles derived from radiosonde observations and from the ECMWF model. To rule out any effect due to the accuracy of the forward model, we have performed the forward calculations using two independent models. The sensitivity of the temperature biases to the variability of the CO2 profile and to spectroscopy errors has also been studied.

Published
2011
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8. Application of φ-IASI to IASI: retrieval products evaluation and radiative transfer consistency

Author

M. Matricardi, G. Grieco, A. Carissimo, C. Serio, and G. Masiello

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Retrieval products for temperature, water vapour and ozone have been obtained from spectral radiances measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer flying onboard the first European Meteorological Operational satellite. These products have been used to check the consistency of the forward model and its accuracy and the expected retrieval performance. The study has been carried out using a research-oriented forward-inverse methodology, called φ-IASI, that the authors have specifically developed for the new sounding interferometer. The performance of the forward-inversion strategy has been assessed by comparing the retrieved profiles to profiles of temperature, water vapour and ozone obtained by co-locating in space and time profiles from radiosonde observations and from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analysis. Spectral residuals have also been computed and analyzed to assess the quality of the forward model. Two versions of the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database have been used, which mostly differ for ozone absorption line parameters, line and continuum absorption of both CO2 and H2O molecules. Their performance has been assessed by inter-comparing the results, and a consistent improvement in the spectral residual has been found when using the most updated release.

Published
2009

9. Technical Note: An assessment of the accuracy of the RTTOV fast radiative transfer model using IASI data

Author

M. Matricardi

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

IASI measurements of spectral radiances made between the 1st April 2008 and the 15th April 2008 are compared with simulations performed using the RTTOV fast radiative transfer model utilizing regression coefficients based on different line-by-line models. The comparisons are performed within the framework of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecast System using fields of temperature, water vapour and ozone obtained from short-range forecasts. Simulations are performed to assess the accuracy of the RTTOV computations and investigate relative differences between the line-by-line models and the quality of the spectroscopic databases on which the RTTOV coefficients are based.

Published
2009

10. Technical Note: Functional sliced inverse regression to infer temperature, water vapour and ozone from IASI data

Author

I. De Feis, A. Antoniadis, U. Amato, C. Serio, M. Matricardi, and G. Masiello

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A retrieval algorithm that uses a statistical strategy based on dimension reduction is proposed. The methodology and details of the implementation of the new algorithm are presented and discussed. The algorithm has been applied to high resolution spectra measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer instrument to retrieve atmospheric profiles of temperature, water vapour and ozone. The performance of the inversion strategy has been assessed by comparing the retrieved profiles to the ones obtained by co-locating in space and time profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analysis.

Published
2009

11. Equatorial total column of nitrous oxide as measured by IASI on MetOp-A: implications for transport processes

Author

P. Ricaud, J.-L. Attié, H. Teyssèdre, L. El Amraoui, V.-H. Peuch, M. Matricardi, and P. Schluessel

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In this paper we use the total columns of nitrous oxide (N2O) as retrieved from the radiance spectra as measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument aboard the MetOp-A platform and distributed by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) during the March–May (MAM) 2008 period. Since the total column of N2O reflects concentrations in the middle troposphere, cloud-free columnar N2O measurements are used to assess transport processes in the equatorial band (10° S–10° N). We compare the measured data set with the outputs produced by the 3-D chemical-transport model MOCAGE during the period MAM 2002–2004. To reflect MAM 2008 concentrations, MOCAGE results have been scaled by a factor 1.0125 in order to represent the change in concentration of N2O since 2004. IASI N2O equatorial measurements show a maximum over Africa (4.96×10−3 kg m−2) and a minimum over South America (4.86×10−3 kg m−2) in reasonable agreement with the outputs from MOCAGE despite the fact that emissions of N2O are more intense over America than over Africa. The amplitude of the longitudinal variation of total column N2O along the equatorial band is twice as intense in the measurements (~1.6%) than as in the model calculations (~0.8%), and much greater than the IASI mean random error (0.16–0.33%). A difference between the two data sets is observed above the Western Pacific (110° E–150° E) with a marked minimum in IASI compared to MOCAGE. Recent theoretical studies (Ricaud et al., 2007 and 2009) have shown the potentially important effect of the Walker and the Hadley cells on the tropospheric distribution of N2O in producing a local maximum in N2O above Africa. Based on equatorial total columns of N2O retrieved from IASI, our results are consistent with the fact that Africa is a zone of convergence of airmasses coming from different convective regions whilst Western Pacific behaves more like a divergence zone.

Published
2009

12. Factors predicting the outcome of allergen-specific nasal provocation test in children with grass pollen allergic rhinitis

Author

M. Barreto, S. Tripodi, S. Arasi, M. Landi, M. Montesano, S. Pelosi, E. Potapova, I. Sfika, V. Villella, A. Travaglini, M. A. Brighetti, P. M. Matricardi, and S. Dramburg

Subjects
seasonal allergic rhinitis, nasal provocation test (NPT), pollen allergy, component-resolved diagnostics, precision medicine, e-Diary, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

BackgroundNasal provocation testing (NPT) is a reference methodology to identify the culprit allergen in patients with allergic rhinitis. Selecting the right allergen for NPT is particularly difficult in poly-sensitized patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Predictors of NPT outcomes may facilitate the proper use of this test or even substitute it.ObjectiveTo identify predictors of grass pollen NPT outcome from an array of clinical data, e-diary outcomes, and allergy test results in poly-sensitized pediatric patients with SAR.MethodsPoly-sensitized, SAR patients with grass pollen allergy, participating in the @IT.2020 pilot project in Rome and Pordenone (Italy), participated in a baseline (T0) visit with questionnaires, skin prick testing (SPT), and blood sampling to measure total (ImmunoCAP, TFS, Sweden) and specific IgE antibodies to grass pollen extracts and their major allergenic molecules (ESEP, Euroimmun Labordiagnostika, Germany). During the pollen season, patients filled the AllergyMonitor® e-diary app measuring their symptoms, medication intake, and allergy-related well-being via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). After the pollen season (T1), patients answered clinical questionnaires and underwent a nasal provocation test (NPT) with grass pollen extract.ResultsWe recruited 72 patients (age 14.3 ± 2.8 years, 46 males) sensitized to grass and/or other pollens, including olive (63; 87.5%) and pellitory (49; 68.1%). Patients positive to grass pollen NPT (61; 84.7%), compared to the negative ones, had worse VAS values in the e-diary, larger SPT wheal reactions, and higher IgE levels, as well as specific activity to timothy and Bermuda grass extracts, rPhl p 5 and nCyn d 1. A positive NPT to grass pollen was predicted by an index combining the specific activity of IgE towards Phl p 5 and Cyn d 1 (AUC: 0.82; p

Published
2023
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13. Patient-centred digital biomarkers for allergic respiratory diseases and asthma:the ARIA-EAACI approach

Author

Jean Bousquet, Mohamed H. Shamji, Josep M. Anto, Holger J. Schünemann, G. Walter Canonica, Marek Jutel, Stefano Del Giacco, Torsten Zuberbier, Oliver Pfaar, Joao A. Fonseca, Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Ludger Klimek, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Anna Bedbrook, Rita Amaral, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich, Fulvio Braido, Claudia Chaves Loureiro, Bilun Gemicioglu, Tari Haahtela, Marek Kulus, Piotr Kuna, Maciej Kupczyk, Paolo M. Matricardi, Frederico S. Regateiro, Boleslaw Samolinski, Mikhail Sofiev, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Arunas Valiulis, Maria Teresa Ventura, Cristina Barbara, Karl C. Bergmann, Michael Bewick, Hubert Blain, Matteo Bonini, Louis‐Philippe Boulet, Rodolphe Bourret, Guy Brusselle, Luisa Brussino, Roland Buhl, Victoria Cardona, Thomas Casale, Lorenzo Cecchi, Denis Charpin, Ivan Cherrez‐Ojeda, Derek K. Chu, Cemal Cingi, Elisio M. Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Philippe Devillier, Stephanie Dramburg, Wytske J. Fokkens, Maia Gotua, Enrico Heffler, Zhanat Ispayeva, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Guy Joos, Igor Kaidashev, Helga Kraxner, Violeta Kvedariene, Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Daniel Laune, Olga Lourenço, Renaud Louis, Mika Makela, Michael Makris, Marcus Maurer, Erik Melén, Yann Micheli, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Joaquim Mullol, Marek Niedoszytko, Robyn O’Hehir, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Heidi Olze, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Alberto Papi, Vincenzo Patella, Benoit Pétré, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Francesca Puggioni, Santiago Quirce, Nicolas Roche, Philip W. Rouadi, Ana Sá‐Sousa, Hironori Sagara, Joaquin Sastre, Nicola Scichilone, Aziz Sheikh, Milan Sova, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Ana Todo‐Bom, Maria J. Torres, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Omar S. Usmani, Erkka Valovirta, Tuula Vasankari, Rafael José Vieira, Dana Wallace, Susan Waserman, Mihaela Zidarn, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Luo Zhang, Tomas Chivato, and Markus Ollert

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with rhinitis and/or asthma are urgently needed. Although some biologic biomarkers exist in specialist care for asthma, they cannot be largely used in primary care. There are no validated biomarkers in rhinitis or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) that can be used in clinical practice. The digital transformation of health and health care (including mHealth) places the patient at the center of the health system and is likely to optimize the practice of allergy. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) developed a Task Force aimed at proposing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as digital biomarkers that can be easily used for different purposes in rhinitis and asthma. It first defined control digital biomarkers that should make a bridge between clinical practice, randomized controlled trials, observational real-life studies and allergen challenges. Using the MASK-air app as a model, a daily electronic combined symptom-medication score for allergic diseases (CSMS) or for asthma (e-DASTHMA), combined with a monthly control questionnaire, was embedded in a strategy similar to the diabetes approach for disease control. To mimic real-life, it secondly proposed quality-of-life digital biomarkers including daily EQ-5D visual analogue scales and the bi-weekly RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAAP). The potential implications for the management of allergic respiratory diseases were proposed.

Published
2023
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14. Molecular reactivity profiling upon immunotherapy with a 300 IR sublingual house dust mite tablet reveals marked humoral changes towards major allergens

Author

Ekaterina Potapova, Véronique Bordas‐Le Floch, Thomas Schlederer, Susanne Vrtala, Huey‐Jy Huang, Giorgio W. Canonica, Rudolf Valenta, Paolo M. Matricardi, and Laurent Mascarell

Subjects
Sublingual Immunotherapy, Pyridinolcarbamate, Pyroglyphidae, Immunology, Allergens, Immunoglobulin E, Asthma, Immunoglobulin G, Animals, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Immunology and Allergy, Antigens, Dermatophagoides, Tablets
Abstract

Molecular antibody reactivity profiles have not yet been studied in depth in patients treated by sublingual house dust mite (HDM) tablet immunotherapy. Humoral immune responses to a large panel of HDM mite allergens were studied using allergen microarray technology in a subset of clinically defined high and low responder patients from a double-blind placebo-controlled allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) trial using sublingual 300 IR HDM tablets.Serum levels of IgE, IgG and IgGDer p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 were the most frequently recognized allergens in the study population. Patients with HDM-related asthma had significantly higher allergen-specific IgE levels to Der p 1 and Der p 23. No significant difference in the distribution of allergen sensitization pattern was observed between high and low responders. An increase in serum allergen-specific IgG and IgGWe confirm for our study population that Der p 1- and Der p 23-specific IgE levels are associated with asthma. IgE reactivity profiles were not predicitive of sublingual AIT outcomes, with 300 IR tablets as efficacious in pauci- and multi-sensitized subjects. Our study is the first to demonstrate the induction of IgG and IgG

Published
2022
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15. IgE recognition of the house dust mite allergen Der p 37 is associated with asthma

Author

Margit Weghofer, Huey-Jy Huang, Ekaterina Potapova, Rudolf Valenta, Yvonne Resch-Marat, Susanne Vrtala, Patrick Lemell, René Zieglmayer, Gabrielle Pauli, Anne Casset, Petra Zieglmayer, Friedrich Horak, Kuan-Wei Chen, Monika Grote, and P. M. Matricardi

Subjects
Immunology, Basophil, Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, medicine.disease_cause, Immunoglobulin E, Arthropod Proteins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Allergen, Escherichia coli, Hypersensitivity, medicine, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Antigens, Dermatophagoides, Sensitization, Asthma, House dust mite, biology, Pyroglyphidae, Dust, Allergens, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Basophil activation, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, biology.protein
Abstract

Background House dust mite (HDM) allergens are major elicitors of allergic reactions worldwide. Objective Identification, characterization, and evaluation of diagnostic utility of a new important HDM allergen was performed. Methods A cDNA coding for a new Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergen, Der p 37, was isolated from a Dp expression library with allergic patients' IgE antibodies. Recombinant Der p 37 (rDer p 37) expressed in Escherichia coli was purified, then characterized by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, and IgE reactivity by ImmunoCAP ISAC technology with sera from 111 clinically defined HDM-allergic patients. The allergenic activity of rDer p 37 was studied by basophil activation and CD4+ T-cell responses by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester dilution assays. Specific antibodies raised against rDer p 37 were used for the ultrastructural localization of Der p 37 in mites by immunogold transmission electron microscopy. Results Der p 37, a 26 kDa allergen with homology to chitin-binding proteins, is immunologically distinct from Der p 15, 18, and 23. It is located in the peritrophic membrane of fecal pellets. Der p 37 reacted with IgE antibodies from a third of HDM-allergic patients and induced specific basophil- and CD4+ T-cell activation. Der p 37 IgE–positive patients had significantly higher IgE levels to major HDM allergens, reacted with more HDM allergens, and had a higher risk (odds ratio = 3.1) of asthma compared to Der p 37–negative patients. Conclusions Der p 37, a new Dp allergen recognized by a third of HDM-allergic patients, may serve as a surrogate marker for severe HDM sensitization and asthma.

Published
2022
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16. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0

Author

Stephanie Dramburg, Christiane Hilger, Alexandra F. Santos, Leticia de las Vecillas, Rob C. Aalberse, Nathalie Acevedo, Lorenz Aglas, Friedrich Altmann, Karla L. Arruda, Riccardo Asero, Barbara Ballmer‐Weber, Domingo Barber, Kirsten Beyer, Tilo Biedermann, Maria Beatrice Bilo, Simon Blank, Philipp P. Bosshard, Heimo Breiteneder, Helen A. Brough, Merima Bublin, Dianne Campbell, Luis Caraballo, Jean Christoph Caubet, Giorgio Celi, Martin D. Chapman, Maksymilian Chruszcz, Adnan Custovic, Rebecca Czolk, Janet Davies, Nikolaos Douladiris, Bernadette Eberlein, Motohiro Ebisawa, Anna Ehlers, Philippe Eigenmann, Gabriele Gadermaier, Mattia Giovannini, Francisca Gomez, Rebecca Grohman, Carole Guillet, Christine Hafner, Robert G. Hamilton, Michael Hauser, Thomas Hawranek, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Thomas Holzhauser, Tomona Iizuka, Alain Jacquet, Thilo Jakob, Bente Janssen‐Weets, Uta Jappe, Marek Jutel, Tanja Kalic, Sandip Kamath, Sabine Kespohl, Jörg Kleine‐Tebbe, Edward Knol, André Knulst, Jon R. Konradsen, Peter Korošec, Annette Kuehn, Gideon Lack, Thuy‐My Le, Andreas Lopata, Olga Luengo, Mika Mäkelä, Alessandro Maria Marra, Clare Mills, Martine Morisset, Antonella Muraro, Anna Nowak‐Wegrzyn, Roni Nugraha, Markus Ollert, Kati Palosuo, Elide Anna Pastorello, Sarita Ulhas Patil, Thomas Platts‐Mills, Anna Pomés, Pascal Poncet, Ekaterina Potapova, Lars K. Poulsen, Christian Radauer, Suzana Radulovic, Monika Raulf, Pierre Rougé, Joaquin Sastre, Sakura Sato, Enrico Scala, Johannes M. Schmid, Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Denise Schrama, Hélène Sénéchal, Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann, Marcela Valverde‐Monge, Marianne van Hage, Ronald van Ree, Kitty Verhoeckx, Stefan Vieths, Magnus Wickman, Josefina Zakzuk, Paolo M. Matricardi, Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Institut Català de la Salut, [Dramburg S] Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [Hilger C] Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. [Santos AF] Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom. [de Las Vecillas L] Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain. [Aalberse RC] Sanquin Research, Dept Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [Acevedo N] Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia. [Luengo O] RETIC ARADyAL and RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), Madrid, Spain. Unitat Docent d’Al·lergologia, Servei de Medicina Interna, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Subjects
component-resolved diagnosis, Al·lèrgia - Tractament, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Blood Proteins::Immunoproteins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Immunoglobulin Isotypes::Immunoglobulin E [CHEMICALS AND DRUGS], molecular allergology, precision medicine, Immunology, seed storage proteins, oleosins, gibberellin-regulated proteins, profilins, cross-reactive carbohydrates, tropomyosins, diagnostic algorithms, pollen allergy, aminoácidos, péptidos y proteínas::proteínas::proteínas sanguíneas::inmunoproteínas::inmunoglobulinas::anticuerpos::isotipos de inmunoglobulinas::inmunoglobulina E [COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS], anaphylaxis, Immunology and Allergy, ddc:610, Otros calificadores::/terapia [Otros calificadores], parvalbumins, food allergy, polcalcins, atopic dermatitis, enfermedades del sistema inmune::hipersensibilidad [ENFERMEDADES], Immune System Diseases::Hypersensitivity [DISEASES], Immunoglobulina E, Other subheadings::/therapy [Other subheadings], asthma, allergy, pathogenesis-related protein family 10, allergy diagnosis, IgE cross-reactivity, basophil activation test, pan-allergens, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, non-specific lipid transfer proteins, Al·lèrgia - Diagnòstic, IgE, serum albumins, lipocalins, microarray
Abstract

Alergia; Anafilaxia; Asma Allergy; Anaphylaxis; Asthma Al·lèrgia; Anafilaxi; Asma Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967, our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergies has remarkably increased. In addition to understanding the immune response and clinical symptoms, allergy diagnosis and management depend strongly on the precise identification of the elicitors of the IgE-mediated allergic reaction. In the past four decades, innovations in bioscience and technology have facilitated the identification and production of well-defined, highly pure molecules for component-resolved diagnosis (CRD), allowing a personalized diagnosis and management of the allergic disease for individual patients. The first edition of the “EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide” (MAUG) in 2016 rapidly became a key reference for clinicians, scientists, and interested readers with a background in allergology, immunology, biology, and medicine. Nevertheless, the field of molecular allergology is moving fast, and after 6 years, a new EAACI Taskforce was established to provide an updated document. The Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0 summarizes state-of-the-art information on allergen molecules, their clinical relevance, and their application in diagnostic algorithms for clinical practice. It is designed for both, clinicians and scientists, guiding health care professionals through the overwhelming list of different allergen molecules available for testing. Further, it provides diagnostic algorithms on the clinical relevance of allergenic molecules and gives an overview of their biology, the basic mechanisms of test formats, and the application of tests to measure allergen exposure.

Published
2023
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17. COVID-19 pandemic

Author

W. J. Fokkens, Jürgen Schwarze, Cezmi A. Akdis, J Mullol, W. Czarlewski, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Claus Bachert, D. Larenas-Linnemann, Tomas Chivato, M. Gotua, Mateo Bonini, Ludger Klimek, Vincenzo Patella, A. A. Cruz, Stephanie Dramburg, Kari C. Nadeau, H W Fritsch, K. Ohta, Thomas Eiwegger, Robert M. Naclerio, Antti Lauerma, A. Yorgancioglu, Aslı Gelincik, Piotr Kuna, Oliver Pfaar, Carmen Riggioni, Violeta Kvedariene, Markus Ollert, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, V. Cardona, S. Del Giacco, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Helen A. Brough, Heimo Breiteneder, Valérie Hox, B. Samolinski, Zuzana Diamant, G.W. Canonica, Lihong Zhang, María José Torres, Y. Okamoto, Liam O'Mahony, Radosław Gawlik, Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa, Sharon Chinthrajah, Winfried Rief, T. Haatela, M. Morais-Almeida, Ioana Agache, Manfred Schedlowski, I Skypala, R. Brehler, D. Y. Wang, João Fonseca, I. J. Ansotegui, Robyn E O'Hehir, Oscar Palomares, Charlotte G. Mortz, J. C. Ivancevich, C. Suppli Ulrik, M. T. Ventura, P M Matricardi, S Untersmayr, Gabrielle L. Onorato, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Frederico S. Regateiro, Vanitha Sampath, Arũnas Valiulis, Marek Jutel, Luisa Brussino, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Jean Bousquet, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Edward F. Knol, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Allergologie, Stimm und Sprachstörungen [Wiesbaden, Germany], Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie [Wiesbaden, Germany], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), ALL-MED, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Stanford University, Skane University Hospital [Malmo], Lund University [Lund], Charles University [Prague] (CU), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning, Mol Med, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), University of Toronto, Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Alfred Health, Victoria University [Melbourne], University College Cork (UCC), Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, University Clinics of Essen, University of Essen, Allergy Unit [Malaga, Spain] (National Network ARADyAL), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga = Regional University Hospital of Malaga [Spain], Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, University Hospital Augsburg, National University of Singapore (NUS), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospital Münster - Universitaetsklinikum Muenster [Germany] (UKM), Evelina London Children's Hospital, King‘s College London, CEU-San Pablo University and HM-Hospitals School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), Istanbul University, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona, Spain], University of Edinburgh, NHS Foundation Trust [London], The Royal Marsden, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia [Bilbao], Ghent University Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Woolcock Institute of Medical Research [Sydney], The University of Sydney, University of Turin, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Hospital de Dona Estefania, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD-WHO), Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, MEDIDA, Lda, David Tvildiani Medical University (DTMU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Servicio de Alergia e ImmunologiaBuenos Aires (Clinica Santa Isabel), Barlicki University Hospital, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Hospital Medica Sur [Mexico City, Mexico], Pantai Hospital [Kuala Lumpur], Hospital CUF Descobertas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo National Hospital, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba University Hospital, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester [Manchester], General Children's Hospital of Athens P & A Kyriakou, 'Santa Maria della Speranza' Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário [Coimbra], Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research [Coimbra, Portugal] (iCBR - Faculty of Medicine), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Manisa Celal Bayar University, Transilvania University of Brasov, Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, and HUS Inflammation Center

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, viruses, Eaaci Position Paper, Medizin, Cochrane Library, GUIDELINES, FOOD ALLERGY, allergen immunotherapy, allergy clinic, anaphylaxis, asthma, clinical trials, COVID-19, Position Paper, psychological impact, SARS-CoV-2, Allergists, Health Personnel, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Information Technology, Patient Care Team, Triage, SARS‐CoV‐2, DESENSITIZATION, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Patient Care Team, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, HDE ALER, Pandemic, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, ATOPIC-DERMATITIS, MESH: COVID-19, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, allergen immunotherapy (AIT), virus diseases, DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS, 3. Good health, INFECTIONS, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Triage, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Allergen immunotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Information Technology, MESH: Hypersensitivity, Immunology, education, MEDLINE, DIAGNOSIS, psychological COVID, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Allergists, COVID‐19, medicine, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, ddc:610, RHINOSINUSITIS, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Clinical trial, Coronavirus, EXACERBATIONS, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Position paper, MESH: Health Personnel, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

BackgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has evolved as a pandemic infectious disease transmitted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐)2. Allergists and other health care providers (HCPs) in the field of allergies and associated airway diseases are in the front line, taking care of patients potentially infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Hence, strategies and practices to minimize risks of infection for both HCPs and treated patients have to be developed and followed by allergy clinics.MethodThe scientific information on COVID‐19 was analyzed by a literature search in Medline, Pubmed, national and international guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Cochrane Library and the Internet.ResultsBased on diagnostic and treatment standards developed by EAACI, on international information regarding COVID‐19, on guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations as well as on previous experience, a panel of experts including clinicians, psychologists, IT experts and basic scientists along with EAACI and the “Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)” inititiative have developed recommendations for the optimal management of allergy clinics during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. These recommendations are grouped into nine sections on different relevant aspects for the care of patients with allergies.ConclusionsThis international Position Paper provides recommendations on operational plans and procedures to maintain high standards in the daily clinical care of allergic patients whilst ensuring necessary safety in the current COVID‐19 pandemic.

Published
2021
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18. Handling of allergen immunotherapy in the COVID‐19 pandemic: An ARIA‐EAACI statement

Author

Erik Melén, Edward F Knol, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, N. Khaltaev, Bolesław Samoliński, Cezmi A. Akdis, Claus Bachert, Hui Du, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Maria Teresa Ventura, Ruby Pawankar, Mohamed H. Shamji, Mübeccel Akdis, Ken Ohta, Joaquim Mullol, Jean Bousquet, Robert M. Naclerio, Ioana Agache, Tari Haahtela, Arunas Valiulis, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, I. J. Ansotegui, J. C. Ivancevich, Oliver Pfaar, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Gabrielle L. Onorato, Ya-dong Gao, Alvaro A. Cruz, Anna Bedbrook, Stefano Del Giacco, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Marek Jutel, P. M. Matricardi, Nikos G Papadopoulos, Wiencyslawa Czarlewski, João Fonseca, D. Larenas-Linnemann, Piotr Kuna, Tomas Chivato, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Jürgen Schwarze, Torsten Zuberbier, Ludger Klimek, Liam O'Mahony, Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany, Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Poland, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, CharitéHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany, University Hospital, Montpellier, France, MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France, Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Dept, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium, Transylvania University BrasovBrasov, Romania, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Woolcock Emphysema Centre and Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia, Personalized Medicine Clinic Asthma & Allergy, Humanitas University, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Rozzano, MI, Italy, School of Medicine, University CEU San PabloMadrid, Spain, ProAR - Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Federal University of Bahia, Brasil and WHO GARD Planning Group, Salvador, Brazil, Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Montpellier, France, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital 'Duilio Casula', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, Center for research in health technologies and information systems- CINTESIS, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal, Allergy Unit, Instituto CUF Porto e Hospital CUF PortoPorto, Portugal, Health Information and Decision Sciences Department - CIDES, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria, Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Aires, Argentina, Geneva, Switzerland, Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical CenterUtrecht, Netherlands, Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and HospitalMéxico City, Mexico, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs' Children's HospitalStockholm, Sweden, Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National HospitalTokyo, Japan, Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University HospitalChiba, Japan, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical SchoolTokyo, Japan, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Germany, Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Centre for Inflammation Research, Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London. Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom, University of Bari Medical School, Unit of Geriatric ImmunoallergologyBari, Italy, Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine &, Institute of Health SciencesVilnius, Lithuania, European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium, Celal Bayar University, Department of PulmonologyManisa, Turkey, Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy-Centre, Department of Dermatology and AllergyBerlin, Germany, Klimek, Ludger, Jutel, Marek, Akdis, Cezmi, Bousquet, Jean, Akdis, Mübeccel, Bachert, Clau, Agache, Ioana, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Bedbrook, Anna, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Canonica, Giorgio W, Chivato, Toma, Cruz, Alvaro A, Czarlewski, Wiencyslawa, Giacco, Stefano Del, Du, Hui, Fonseca, Joao A, Gao, Yadong, Haahtela, Tari, Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin, Ivancevich, Juan-Carlo, Iaccarino, Guido, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Knol, Edward F, Kuna, Piotr, Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree, Melen, Erik, Mullol, Joaquim, Naclerio, Robert, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, O'Mahony, Liam, Onorato, Gabrielle L, Papadopoulos, Nikos G, Pawankar, Ruby, Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Schwarze, Jurgen, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Shamji, Mohamed H, Ventura, Maria Teresa, Valiulis, Aruna, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Matricardi, Paolo, Zuberbier, Torsten, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, HUS Inflammation Center, and Department of Pathology

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Allergy, Eaaci Position Paper, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Social life, 0302 clinical medicine, clinical immunotherapy, Pandemic, Immunology and Allergy, Infection control, AIT, Treatment options, 3. Good health, Coronavirus Infections, Allergen immunotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, Immunology, Eaaci Position Papers, MECHANISMS, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Allergists, Th2 Cells, VACCINES, allergy treatment, medicine, VENOM ALLERGY, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Pandemics, Infection Control, Sublingual Immunotherapy, immunotherapy vaccines and mechanisms, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Immunoglobulin E, medicine.disease, Rhinitis, Allergic, Asthma, Allergen-specific immunotherapy, Coronavirus, Eosinophils, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin M, 030228 respiratory system, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, business
Abstract

The current COVID-19 pandemic influences many aspects of personal and social interaction, including patient contacts with health care providers and the manner in which allergy care is provided and maintained. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is one of the most important treatment options for IgE-mediated allergies and is based on inducing an appropriate immune response in the allergic patient. This manuscript outlines the EAACI recommendations regarding AIT during the COVID-19 pandemic and aims at supporting allergists and all physicians performing AIT in their current daily practice with clear recommendations on how to perform treatment during the pandemic and in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Published
2020
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19. Anwendung von Biologika bei allergischen und Typ-2-entzündlichen Erkrankungen in der aktuellen Covid-19-Pandemiea, b, c

Author

F. Hentges, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Davide Firinu, Mübecell Akdis, Randolf Brehler, Adam Chaker, Joachim Saloga, Alexander R. Rosenkranz, Eva Untersmayr, Wolfgang Czech, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Christian Vogelberg, Torsten Zuberbier, Verena Niederberger-Leppin, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Eckard Hamelmann, Tomas Chivato, Thomas Werfel, Zsolt Szépfalusi, Wolfram Hötzenecker, Marek Jutel, Edward F. Knol, Stephanie Korn, Jürgen Schwarze, Thilo Jakob, Stefan Wöhrl, Susanne Lau, Markus Ollert, Christian Taube, Thomas Keil, J. Hagemann, P. Kauppi, Alexia Chatzipetrou, Ralph Mösges, Petra Staubach, P. V. Tomazic, Thomas Eiwegger, Laura Freudelsperger, Norbert Mülleneisen, Sevim Bavbek, Oliver Pfaar, Stefano Del Giacco, Uta Jappe, Uta Rabe, Johannes Ring, François Spertini, Werner Aberer, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Tilo Biedermann, Hans F. Merk, Jeroen Buters, Martin Wagenmann, Susan Chan, Antje Fink Wagner, Jean-Pierre Michel, Claus Rabe, Thomas Fuchs, Rudolf Valenta, Wolfgang Wehrmann, Otto Spranger, Roland Buhl, A. Vultaggio, Jean Bousquet, Katja Nemat, Regina Roller-Wirnsberger, Thomas Bieber, Ioana Agache, Marcus Maurer, Cezmi A. Akdis, Kirsten Jung, Wolfgang Schlenter, Apostolos Bossios, F. Horak, Isabella Pali-Schöll, L. Nicod, Ingrid Casper, N. Khaltaev, Andrea Matucci, Marco Idzko, Sven Becker, Akash Kothari, Ludger Klimek, Oscar Palomares, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, A. Kolios, Wolfgang Pohl, Claus Vogelmeier, P. M. Matricardi, Ulf Darsow, Holger Wrede, Margitta Worm, and Liam O´mahony

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, business, Virology
Published
2020
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20. Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Ludger Klimek, Oliver Pfaar, Margitta Worm, Thomas Eiwegger, Jan Hagemann, Markus Ollert, Eva Untersmayr, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Alessandra Vultaggio, Ioana Agache, Sevim Bavbek, Apostolos Bossios, Ingrid Casper, Susan Chan, Alexia Chatzipetrou, Christian Vogelberg, Davide Firinu, Paula Kauppi, Antonios Kolios, Akash Kothari, Andrea Matucci, Oscar Palomares, Zsolt Szépfalusi, Wolfgang Pohl, Wolfram Hötzenecker, Alexander R. Rosenkranz, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Thomas Bieber, Roland Buhl, Jeroen Buters, Ulf Darsow, Thomas Keil, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Susanne Lau, Marcus Maurer, Hans Merk, Ralph Mösges, Joachim Saloga, Petra Staubach, Uta Jappe, Klaus F. Rabe, Uta Rabe, Claus Vogelmeier, Tilo Biedermann, Kirsten Jung, Wolfgang Schlenter, Johannes Ring, Adam Chaker, Wofgang Wehrmann, Sven Becker, Laura Freudelsperger, Norbert Mülleneisen, Katja Nemat, Wolfgang Czech, Holger Wrede, Randolf Brehler, Thomas Fuchs, Peter-Valentin Tomazic, Werner Aberer, Antje-Henriette Fink-Wagner, Fritz Horak, Stefan Wöhrl, Verena Niederberger-Leppin, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Regina Roller-Wirnsberger, Otto Spranger, Rudolf Valenta, Mübecell Akdis, Paolo M. Matricardi, François Spertini, Nicolai Khaltaev, Jean-Pierre Michel, Larent Nicod, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Marco Idzko, Eckard Hamelmann, Thilo Jakob, Thomas Werfel, Martin Wagenmann, Christian Taube, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Stephanie Korn, Francois Hentges, Jürgen Schwarze, Liam O´Mahony, Edward F. Knol, Stefano del Giacco, Tomás Chivato Pérez, Jean Bousquet, Anna Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, Cezmi Akdis, and Mared Jutel

Subjects
benralizumab, Allergy, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, General Engineering, COVID-19, mepolizumab, reslizumab, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, dupilumab, Immunology, Pandemic, omalizumab, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, telemedicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Current (fluid), business, Research Article, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases has faced major challenges. Recommendations for “social distancing” and the fear of patients becoming infected during a visit to a medical facility have led to a drastic decrease in personal doctor-patient contacts. This affects both acute care and treatment of the chronically ill. The immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection is so far only insufficiently understood and could be altered in a favorable or unfavorable way by therapy with monoclonal antibodies. There is currently no evidence for an increased risk of a severe COVID-19 course in allergic patients. Many patients are under ongoing therapy with biologicals that inhibit type 2 immune responses via various mechanisms. There is uncertainty about possible immunological interactions and potential risks of these biologicals in the case of an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: A selective literature search was carried out in PubMed, Livivo, and the internet to cover the past 10 years (May 2010 – April 2020). Additionally, the current German-language publications were analyzed. Based on these data, the present position paper provides recommendations for the biological treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: In order to maintain in-office consultation services, a safe treatment environment must be created that is adapted to the pandemic situation. To date, there is a lack of reliable study data on the care for patients with complex respiratory, atopic, and allergic diseases in times of an imminent infection risk from SARS-CoV-2. Type-2-dominant immune reactions, as they are frequently seen in allergic patients, could influence various phases of COVID-19, e.g., by slowing down the immune reactions. Theoretically, this could have an unfavorable effect in the early phase of a SARS-Cov-2 infection, but also a positive effect during a cytokine storm in the later phase of severe courses. However, since there is currently no evidence for this, all data from patients treated with a biological directed against type 2 immune reactions who develop COVID-19 should be collected in registries, and their disease courses documented in order to be able to provide experience-based instructions in the future. Conclusion: The use of biologicals for the treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and spontaneous urticaria should be continued as usual in patients without suspected infection or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. If available, it is recommended to prefer a formulation for self-application and to offer telemedical monitoring. Treatment should aim at the best possible control of difficult-to-control allergic and atopic diseases using adequate rescue and add-on therapy and should avoid the need for systemic glucocorticosteroids. If SARS-CoV-2 infection is proven or reasonably suspected, the therapy should be determined by weighing the benefits and risks individually for the patient in question, and the patient should be involved in the decision-making. It should be kept in mind that the potential effects of biologicals on the immune response in COVID-19 are currently not known. Telemedical offers are particularly desirable for the acute consultation needs of suitable patients.

Published
2020
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21. Allergen immunotherapy in the current COVID-19 pandemic: A position paper of AeDA, ARIA, EAACI, DGAKI and GPA

Author

Martin Wagenmann, Wolfgang Pohl, P. V. Tomazic, Hans F. Merk, Wolfgang Wehrmann, Rudolf Valenta, Torsten Zuberbier, A. Chaker, Thomas Werfel, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Klaus Rabe, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Christian Taube, Katja Nemat, Stefan Wöhrl, Jeroen Buters, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Michael Gerstlauer, Marcus Maurer, Wofgang Czech, Joachim Saloga, Regina Roller-Wirnsberger, Randolf Brehler, Thomas Fuchs, Jean-Pierre Michel, Petra Stute, Uta Rabe, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Werner Aberer, Friedrich Horak, Jean Bousquet, Otto Spranger, Thomas Keil, Thilo Jakob, Laurent P. Nicod, Eckard Hamelmann, Christian Vogelberg, Marek Jutel, Norbert Mülleneisen, Johannes Ring, Petra Staubach, Tilo Biedermann, Thomas Bieber, Holger Wrede, Wolfgang Schlenter, Roland Buhl, François Spertini, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Cezmi A. Akdis, Mübecell Akdis, Ralph Mösges, Verena Niederberger-Leppin, Susanne Lau, P. M. Matricardi, Kirsten Jung, Sven Becker, Antje Fink-Wagner, Claus Vogelmeier, Ulf Darsow, Ludger Klimek, Margitta Worm, N. Khaltaev, and O. Pfaar

Subjects
Allergen immunotherapy, Allergy, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, General Engineering, COVID-19, antiviral immunity, SLIT, Immunology, Pandemic, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Position paper, Medicine, Current (fluid), SCIT, business, Research Article, General Environmental Science
Abstract

No abstract available.

Published
2020
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22. Pattern-sensitive patients with epilepsy use uncomfortable visual stimuli to self-induce seizures

Author

M. Matricardi, Mario Brinciotti, Olivier Penacchio, Arnold J. Wilkins, and University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience

Subjects
Visual stimuli, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual perception, genetic structures, BF Psychology, NDAS, BF, Sensory system, Audiology, Poor quality, Behavioral Neuroscience, Epilepsy, Self-induction, Seizures, Pattern-sensitive epilepsy, Uncomfortable images, Humans, Photic Stimulation, medicine, In patient, business.industry, medicine.disease, Degree (music), Frequency spectrum, AC, Neurology, RC0321, Neurology (clinical), Analysis of variance, business, RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Abstract

Sensory stimuli can induce seizures in patients with epilepsy and predisposed subjects. Visual stimuli are the most common triggers, provoking seizures through an abnormal response to light or pattern. Sensitive patients may intentionally provoke their seizures through visual stimuli. Self-induction methods are widely described in photo-sensitive patients, while there are only a few reports of those who are pattern-sensitive. We analyzed 73 images of environmental visual triggers collected from 14 pattern-sensitive patients with self-induced seizures. The images were categorized according to their topics: 29 Objects (43%); 19 Patterns (28%); 15 External scenes (22%); 4 TV or computer screens (6%). Six photos were of poor quality and were excluded from analysis. Images were analyzed by an algorithm that calculated the degree to which the Fourier amplitude spectrum differed from that in images from nature. The algorithm has been shown to predict discomfort in healthy observers. The algorithm identified thirty-one images (46%) as “uncomfortable”. There were significant differences between groups of images (ANOVA p = .0036; Chi2 p

Published
2021

23. Characteristics of visual evoked potentials related to the electro-clinical expression of reflex seizures in photosensitive patients with idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsy

Author

A. Mittica, M. Matricardi, and Mario Brinciotti

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual perception, genetic structures, Adolescent, visual evoked potentials, photosensitivity, Stimulation, Visual evoked potentials, after-discharge, epilepsy, patternsensitivity, Electroencephalography, Audiology, Stimulus (physiology), Epilepsy, Reflex, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Seizures, medicine, Humans, Child, Cerebral Cortex, Neurologic Examination, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, P100 Latency, Reflex, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsies, Partial, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Seizures provoked by visual stimuli may be induced by abnormal responses to light (photosensitivity) and structured patterns (patternsensitivity). In this study, we analysed visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in three different samples: i) 38 photosensitive patients (21 males, 17 females; mean age 10.0 ± 2.9 years) with idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsy and reflex seizures (RS); ii) 13 non-photosensitive patients (6 males, 7 females; mean age 11.7 ± 5.3) with idiopathic occipital lobe epilepsy; 20 healthy controls (12 males, 8 females; mean age 10.0 ± 3.4). After written informed consent, all subjects underwent a standard procedure of visual stimulation with intermittent light and pattern stimulation, under digital video-EEG recording. The EEG signal was processed off-line by averaging analysis for each stimulus to obtain the corresponding VEP. Comparisons among groups showed no significant differences for P100 latency. Higher P100 amplitude as well as higher after-discharge (AD) were found in photosensitive patients with RS. Thirty-seven of these patients had one or more RS during the procedure of stimulation for a total of 66 episodes. Significant increases of P100 amplitude and higher values of AD amplitude were found in relation to the occurrence of photoparoxysmal response (PPR) and/or seizures during full-field pattern stimulation. The increase in amplitude of the AD was higher when PPR was associated with seizures. The high amplitude of early VEP components confirms the abnormal hyperexcitability in the cortex of photosensitive patients with occipital lobe epilepsy. Moreover, the AD amplitude appears to be related to electro-clinical expression, being greater when PPR evolves into clinically evident seizures.

Published
2020

24. Cumulative Pollen Concentration Curves for Pollen Allergy Diagnosis

Author

Salvatore Tripodi, Javier de Andrés Suárez, Maria Dimou, Blerina Bregu, Fusun Kalpaklioglu, Massimo Fiorilli, Ozlem Goksel, Luís Delgado, It. study team, S Caglayan Sozmen, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Valeria Villella, Angel Mazon, P M Matricardi, E Pinter, Denis Charpin, M. Pereira, Alfred Priftanji, Stefania Arasi, Stephanie Dramburg, U Ugus, Cansin Sackesen, Antonio Nieto, E. Caeiro, Michel Thibaudon, E Pellegrini, André Pereira, Ayşe Bilge Öztürk, Aydan Acar Şahin, Ifigenia Sfika, João Fonseca, Blerta Lame, Nur Münevver Pinar, Alessandro Travaglini, Tara Maria Hoffmann, Eris Mesonjesi, Giovanni Battista Pajno, and Maria Antonia Brighetti

Subjects
Adult, Male, Allergy, Seasonal allergic rhinitis, Immunology, Clinical Decision-Making, Pollen concentration, MEDLINE, Pinales, Pollen Allergy, medicine.disease_cause, Poaceae, Calendar, Allergy diagnosis, Pollen, medicine, Allergy Diagnosis, Pollen Concentration, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, business.industry, Mediterranean Region, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Allergens, Antigens, Plant, medicine.disease, Fagales, Female, Particulate Matter, Seasons, business, Pollen allergy
Abstract

[No Abstract Available], Euroimmun [118583], This study was supported by a grant from Euroimmun (code 118583).

Published
2020

25. Use of biologicals in allergic and type 2 inflammatory diseases in the current COVID-19 pandemic [Anwendung von biologika bei allergischen und Typ-2-entzündlichen Erkrankungen in der aktuellen COVID-19-Pandemie]

Author

Klimek, L. Pfaar, O. Worm, M. Eiwegger, T. Hagemann, J. Ollert, M. Untersmayr, E. Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K. Vultaggio, A. Agache, I. Bavbek, S. Bossios, A. Casper, I. Chan, S. Chatzipetrou, A. Vogelberg, C. Firinu, D. Kauppi, P. Kolios, A. Kothari, A. Matucci, A. Palomares, O. Szépfalusi, Z. Pohl, W. Hötzenecker, W. Rosenkranz, A.R. Bergmann, K.-C. Bieber, T. Buhl, R. Buters, J. Darsow, U. Keil, T. Kleine-Tebbe, J. Lau, S. Maurer, M. Merk, H. Mösges, R. Saloga, J. Staubach, P. Jappe, U. Rabe, K.F. Rabe, U. Vogelmeier, C. Biedermann, T. Jung, K. Schlenter, W. Ring, J. Chaker, A. Wehrmann, W. Becker, S. Freudelsperger, L. Mülleneisen, N. Nemat, K. Czech, W. Wrede, H. Brehler, R. Fuchs, T. Tomazic, P.-V. Aberer, W. Fink-Wagner, A.-H. Horak, F. Wöhrl, S. Niederberger-Leppin, V. Pali-Schöll, I. Pohl, W. Roller-Wirnsberger, R. Spranger, O. Valenta, R. Akdis, M. Matricardi, P.M. Spertini, F. Khaltaev, N. Michel, J.-P. Nicod, L. Schmid-Grendelmeier, P. Idzko, M. Hamelmann, E. Jakob, T. Werfel, T. Wagenmann, M. Taube, C. Jensen-Jarolim, E. Korn, S. Hentges, F. Schwarze, J. O'Mahony, L. Knol, E.F. del Giacco, S. Chivato Pérez, T. Bousquet, J. Zuberbier, T. Akdis, C. Jutel, M. Positionspapier des arzteverbands Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA) der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allergologie und klinische Immunologie (DGAKI) der Gesellschaft fur Padiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA) der osterreichischen Gesellschaft fur Allergologie und Immunologie (oGAI) der Luxemburgischen Gesellschaft fur Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI) der osterreichischen Gesellschaft fur Pneumologie (oGP) Kooperation mit der deutschen, osterreichischen, und schweizerischen ARIA-Gruppe der Europaischen Akademie fur Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (EAACI)

Published
2020

26. The importance of real-life research in respiratory medicine: Manifesto of the Respiratory Effectiveness Group

Author

Roche, N. Anzueto, A. Anticevich, S.B. Kaplan, A. Miravitlles, M. Ryan, D. Soriano, J.B. Usmani, O. Papadopoulos, N.G. Canonica, G.W. Agache, I. Barnes, P. Bateman, E. Behr, J. Bjermer, L. Blakey, J. Bouros, D. Bousquet, J. Brown, K. Brusselle, G. Calderon, M. Campbell, J. Cardell, L.O. Castro-Rodriguez, J.A. Chaudhuri, N. Chavannes, N. Corte, T. Costello, R. Cottin, V. Custovic, A. Dandurand, R. Diamant, Z. Demoly, P. Ducharme, F. Feleszko, W. Fitzgerald, M. Fokkens, W. Freeman, D. Gaga, M. Geiser, T. Glaspole, I. Gouder, C. Haughney, J. Heaney, L. Hedlin, G. Hellings, P. Hoe, T.O. Israel, E. Jartti, T. Jones, M. Jones, R. Josephs, L. Kalayci, O. Keane, M. Kocks, J. Lemanske, R. Magnussen, H. Makela, M. Mazzei, M. Matricardi, P. McIvor, A. Molina, M. Morais-Almeida, M. Morell, F. Mosges, R. Mullol, J. Murray, C. Nathan, S. Navarrete, B.A. Pappi, A. Paton, J.Y. Phipatanakul, W. Price, D. Quint, J. Rhee, C.K. Ortega, P.R. Roberts, G. Sadatsafavi, M. Sastre, J. Scadding, G. Selman, M. Singh, D. Sliwinski, P. Small, I. Smith, P. Thomas, M. Tsiligianni, I. van Aalderen, W. van Bowen, J. van den Berge, M. van Ganse, E. Vetsbo, J. Vogelmeier, C. Walsh, S. Xepapadaki, V. Zar, H. the Respiratory Effectiveness Group Collaborators

Published
2019

27. Epileptic Encephalopathies of Infancy and Childhood

Author

M. Matricardi and Mario Brinciotti

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, clinical features, Infancy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, West Syndrome, Status epilepticus, Brain damage, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Epileptic encephalopathies, Childhood, Epilepsy, Dravet syndrome, Etiology, Medicine, EEG, medicine.symptom, business, Neurocognitive, Epileptic encephalopathies, clinical features, EEG, Infancy, Childhood
Abstract

The term “epileptic encephalopathies” has been recently revised, restricting the criterion of inclusion to the forms in which the epilepsy itself is responsible of brain dysfunctions associated with mental and neurologic decline. This chapter describes the clinical and EEG features of the main epileptic encephalopathies that begin in infancy and childhood (West syndrome, Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Doose syndrome, progressive myoclonic epilepsies, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep). Incidence and prevalence of these epilepsies are generally low. The electro-clinical feature is influenced by the brain maturation; some syndromes are typically age-dependent and show a clear continuity with evolution from one type to another. The etiology is heterogeneous, often consisting of structural brain damage, although the role of genetic factors has recently been emphasized in some forms. The prognosis is variable, depending on clinical finding and underlying etiology, but it is generally unfavorable both for seizure outcome and neurocognitive development.

Published
2019
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28. The Smartphone: A Novel Diagnostic Tool in Pollen Allergy?

Author

Salvatore Tripodi, Annamaria Bianchi, F Gabrielli, P M Matricardi, and Olympia Tsilochristou

Subjects
Male, Allergy, Telemedicine, business.industry, Immunology, Mobile apps, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Pollen Allergy, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Pollen, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Smartphone, Medical emergency, Child, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, business, mHealth
Published
2016
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29. Diagnostic relevance of IgE sensitization profiles to eight recombinant Phleum pratense molecules

Author

Giuseppe Pingitore, Nunzia Maiello, Francesco Macrì, Mario Plebani, Pasquale Comberiati, Salvatore Tripodi, Francesca Cipriani, A Di Rienzo Businco, Valentina Panetta, Viviana Moschese, Maria Francesca Patria, Carla Mastrorilli, Diego Faggian, Tullio Frediani, P M Matricardi, Simone Frediani, M. Miraglia Del Giudice, Carlo Caffarelli, Mauro Calvani, Arianna Dondi, Diego Peroni, Umberto Pelosi, F. Paravati, C Lambiase, Mariangela Tosca, Maria Carmen Verga, Sandra Lucarelli, Loredana Chini, Serena Perna, I Dello Iacono, Roberto Bernardini, C. Povesi Dascola, Annamaria Bianchi, Riccardo Asero, Elena Varin, Ifigenia Sfika, Giampaolo Ricci, Cipriani, F., Mastrorilli, C., Tripodi, S., Ricci, G., Perna, S., Panetta, V., Asero, R., Dondi, A., Bianchi, A., Maiello, N., Miraglia del Giudice, M., Frediani, T., Macrì, F., Lucarelli, S., Dello Iacono, I., Patria, M.F., Varin, E., Peroni, D., Chini, L., Moschese, V., Bernardini, R., Pingitore, G., Pelosi, U., Tosca, M., Paravati, F., Sfika, I., Businco, A. Di Rienzo, Povesi Dascola, C., Comberiati, P., Frediani, S., Lambiase, C., Verga, M.C., Faggian, D., Plebani, M., Calvani, M., Caffarelli, C., Matricardi, P.M., Macrã¬, F., Patria, M. F., Verga, M. C., and Matricardi, P. M.

Subjects
Male, Allergy, grass pollen, Immunoglobulin E, Airborne allergen, component-resolved diagnostics, Atopy, 0302 clinical medicine, allergy, children, IgE sensitization profiles, Immunology and Allergy, Immunology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Sensitization, Rhinitis, biology, Settore MED/38, Recombinant Proteins, Phleum pratense, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Child, Preschool, Female, Adolescent, IgE sensitization profile, Phleum, 03 medical and health sciences, Allergic, Oral allergy syndrome, medicine, Humans, Preschool, Asthma, Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale e Specialistica, Seasonal, business.industry, Component-resolved diagnostic, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Allergens, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030228 respiratory system, biology.protein, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background Grass pollen–related seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SARg) is clinically heterogeneous in severity, comorbidities and response to treatment. The component-resolved diagnostics disclosed also a high heterogeneity at molecular level. Our study aimed at analyzing the characteristics of the IgE sensitization to Phleum pratense molecules and investigating the diagnostic relevance of such molecules in childhood. Methods We examined 1120 children (age 4–18y) with SARg. Standardized questionnaires on atopy were acquired through informatics platform (AllergyCARD™). Skin prick tests were performed with pollen extracts. Serum IgE to airborne allergens and eight Phleum pratense molecules (rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 4, rPhl p 5b, rPhl p 6, rPhl p 7, rPhl p 11, rPhl p 12) were tested by ImmunoCAP FEIA. Results The analysis of IgE responses against eight Phleum pratense molecules showed 87profiles. According to the number of molecules recognized by IgE, the more complex profiles were characterized by higher serum total IgE, higher grass-specific serum IgE and higher number and degree of sensitization to pollens. The most frequent IgE sensitization profile was the monomolecular Phl p 1. Sensitization to Phl p 7 was a reliable biomarker of asthma, whereas Phl p 12 of oral allergy syndrome. Sensitization to Phl p 7 was associated with a higher severity of SAR, and complex profiles were associated with longer disease duration. Conclusions In a large pediatric population, the complexity of IgE sensitization profiles against Phleum pratense molecules is related to high atopic features although useless for predicting the clinical severity. The detection of serum IgE to Phl p 1, Phl p 7 and Phl p 12 can be used as clinical biomarkers of SARg and comorbidities. Further studies in different areas are required to test the impact of different IgE molecular profiles on AIT response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2018

30. Dietary intake of flavonoids and ventilatory function in european adults : a GA2LEN Study

Author

Thibaut Van Zele, Grzegorz Brożek, Marek L. Kowalski, Claus Bachert, Carlos Loureiro, James Potts, Peter Burney, Barbara Rymarczyk, Thomas Keil, Tari Haahtela, Trine Thilsing, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen, Ana Todo Bom, Matti Ahlström, Paolo M. Matricardi, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Narjis Thawer, Christer Janson, Aedin Cassidy, Joanna Makowska, Kjell Torén, David Charles, Bertil Forsberg, Commission of the European Communities, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Clinicum, and HUS Inflammation Center

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Physiology, medicine.disease_cause, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, pro-anthocyanidins, Medicine and Health Sciences, flavonoids, lung function, GA2LEN, Lung function, POPULATION, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Dietary intake, Follow up studies, Ventilatory function, ASSOCIATION, respiratory system, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, LUNG-FUNCTION, Näringslära, DISEASES, GA(2)LEN, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Spirometry, Population, lcsh:TX341-641, METABOLISM, 03 medical and health sciences, INFLAMMATION, medicine, education, DECLINE, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition assessment, business.industry, respiratory tract diseases, MICE, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, ASTHMA, 1111 Nutrition And Dietetics, ANTHOCYANIN, business, Oxidative stress, Food Science
Abstract

Background: Flavonoids exert anti-inflammatory properties and modulate oxidative stress in vitro, suggesting a protective effect on lung function, but epidemiological studies examining this association are scarce. Methods: A stratified random sample was drawn from the GA2LEN screening survey, in which 55,000 adults aged 15 to 75 answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. Post-bronchodilator spirometry was obtained from 2850 subjects. Forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio between the forced exhaled volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FVC (FEV1/FVC), FVC below lower limit of normal (FVC < LLN), and FEV1/FVC < LLN were calculated. Intake of the six main subclasses of flavonoids was estimated using the GA2LEN Food Frequency Questionnaire. Adjusted associations between outcomes and each subclass of flavonoids were examined with multivariate regressions. Simes’ procedure was used to test for multiple comparisons. Results: A total of 2599 subjects had valid lung function and dietary data. A lower prevalence of FVC < LLN (airway restriction) was observed in those with higher total flavonoid (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), higher vs. lowest quintile intake 0.58; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.36, 0.94), and pro-anthocyanidin intakes (aOR 0.47; 95% CI 0.27, 0.81). A higher FEV1/FVC was associated with higher intakes of total flavonoids and pro- anthocyanidins (adjusted correlation coefficient (a β-coeff 0.33; 0.10, 0.57 and a β-coeff 0.44; 95% CI 0.19, 0.69, respectively). After Simes’ procedure, the statistical significance of each of these associations was attenuated but remained below 0.05, with the exception of total flavonoids and airway restriction. Conclusions: This population-based study in European adults provides cross-sectional evidence of a positive association of total flavonoid intake and pro-anthocyanidins and ventilatory function, and a negative association with spirometric restriction in European adults. View Full-Text

Published
2018

31. Is fruit and vegetable intake associated with asthma or chronic rhino-sinusitis in European adults? Results from the Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA

Author

Vanessa, Garcia-Larsen, Rhonda, Arthur, James F, Potts, Peter H, Howarth, Matti, Ahlström, Tari, Haahtela, Carlos, Loureiro, Ana Todo, Bom, Grzegorz, Brożek, Joanna, Makowska, Marek L, Kowalski, Trine, Thilsing, Thomas, Keil, Paolo M, Matricardi, Kjell, Torén, Thibaut, van Zele, Claus, Bachert, Barbara, Rymarczyk, Christer, Janson, Bertil, Forsberg, Ewa, Niżankowska-Mogilnicka, and Peter G J, Burney

Subjects
Europe, Meta-analysis, Chronic rhino-sinusitis, Research, Vegetables, Adults, GA2LEN, Asthma, Fruits
Abstract

Background Fruits and vegetables are rich in compounds with proposed antioxidant, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties, which could contribute to reduce the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases. Objective We investigated the association between asthma, and chronic rhino-sinusitis (CRS) with intake of fruits and vegetables in European adults. Methods A stratified random sample was drawn from the Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA2LEN) screening survey, in which 55,000 adults aged 15–75 answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. Asthma score (derived from self-reported asthma symptoms) and CRS were the outcomes of interest. Dietary intake of 22 subgroups of fruits and vegetables was ascertained using the internationally validated GA2LEN Food Frequency Questionnaire. Adjusted associations were examined with negative binomial and multiple regressions. Simes procedure was used to control for multiple testing. Results A total of 3206 individuals had valid data on asthma and dietary exposures of interest. 22.8% reported having at least 1 asthma symptom (asthma score ≥1), whilst 19.5% had CRS. After adjustment for potential confounders, asthma score was negatively associated with intake of dried fruits (β-coefficient −2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] −4.09, −0.59), whilst CRS was statistically negatively associated with total intake of fruits (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.55, 0.97). Conversely, a positive association was observed between asthma score and alliums vegetables (adjusted β-coefficient 0.23; 95% CI 0.06, 0.40). None of these associations remained statistically significant after controlling for multiple testing. Conclusion and clinical relevance There was no consistent evidence for an association of asthma or CRS with fruit and vegetable intake in this representative sample of European adults.

Published
2016

32. List of Contributors

Author

Rob C. Aalberse, Birgit Ahrens, Katrina Allen, Hasan Arshad, Kathleen C. Barnes, Karl E. Bergmann, Renate Bergmann, Kirsten Beyer, Bengt Björkstén, Amaziah Coleman, B.C.A.M. van Esch, J. Garssen, James E. Gern, L. Grabenhenrich, Christoph Grüber, Peter W. Heymann, Patrick Holt, Kirsi M. Järvinen, Maria C. Jenmalm, T. Keil, L.M.J. Knippels, M.V. Kopp, A.I. Kostadinova, Gideon Lack, Susanne Lau, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, Paolo M. Matricardi, Erika von Mutius, Martin Penagos, Petra Ina Pfefferle, Thomas Platts-Mills, Susan L. Prescott, Harald Renz, Hugh A. Sampson, Alexandra Santos, Bianca Schaub, Jonathan M. Spergel, Mimi L.K. Tang, Ronald B. Turner, M.M. Vonk, U. Wahn, John O. Warner, T. Werfel, Magnus Wickman, L.E.M. Willemsen, and Robert A. Wood

Published
2016
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33. Allergy immunotherapy across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing: from research to policies: An AIRWAYS Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) programme item (Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing) and the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), a World Health Organization GARD research demonstration project

Author

Oliver Pfaar, Luciana Kase Tanno, Antonella Muraro, M. Bewick, G.W. Canonica, Pascal Demoly, Mohamed H. Shamji, Cezmi A. Akdis, T. Zuberbier, Dirceu Solé, H.-J. Malling, J Mullol, Alain Didier, Gunter J. Sturm, B. Samolinski, Claus Bachert, G. Passalacqua, Carmen Vidal, Andrew Bush, L. Cox, Stephen R. Durham, Anca-Mirela Chiriac, V. Cardona, Ana I. Tabar, M. T. Ventura, P. Devillier, G. Du Toit, Eva-Maria Varga, David Price, Thomas B. Casale, P. Rodriguez del Rio, Barbara Bohle, D. Larenas-Linnemann, Aziz Sheikh, G. Di Lorenzo, Margitta Worm, R. Rueff, R. van Ree, Susanne Halken, Davide Caimmi, Alessandro Fiocchi, J. C. Sisul, F. de Blay, Piotr Kuna, R. Gerth van Wijk, M. Matricardi, Moises A. Calderon, Ludger Klimek, Sergio Bonini, R. M. Gomez, Gabriela Senti, G. K. Scadding, Peter Eng, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Adam T. Fox, Jean Bousquet, B. M. Bilo, Elideanna Pastorello, Edward F. Knol, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, T. Haathela, Lars Jacobsen, R. Moesges, Adnan Custovic, Allan Linneberg, Peter Hellings, J. Just, Imperial College London, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'allergologie et de pneumologie [Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Ghent University Hospital, iQ4U consultants Ltd, University hospital Ospedali Riuniti, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Pôle de pathologie thoracique, CHU Strasbourg-Hopital Civil, Laboratoire de recherche sur les mécanismes moléculaires et pharmacologiques de l’obstruction bronchique (LOBIP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Pôle Clinique des Voies respiratoires [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), King‘s College London, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Children's hospital Aarau, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Hospital San Bernardo, Helsinki University Hospital, Odense University Hospital, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Allergy Learning and Consulting, CHU Montpellier, Hospital Sírio Libanês, Allergy and Asthma Center Westend, German Society for Otorhinolaryngology HNS, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Hospital Medica Sur, ARIA, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Research Centre for Prevention and Health (RCPH), Department of Public Health [Copenhagen], Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Gentofte University Hospital, Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), University of Cologne, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Universität Mannheim, Center for Rhinology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University of Aberdeen, Research in Real Life (RiRL), Optimum Patient Care Ltd, Singapore, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús (HIUNJ), Ludwig-Maximillians University, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, University College of London [London] (UCL), Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Institute, University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, University of Edinburgh, Sociedad Latinoamericana de alergia, asma e inmunolgia (SLaai), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Medical University Graz, Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site MACVIA-France, European Structural and Development Funds of Region Languedoc Roussillon., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité Asthme et allergologie [CHU Trousseau], Service d'Allergologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Mannheim, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), BMC, BMC, University of Naples Federico II, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Service des maladies respiratoires [Rangueil-Larrey], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Unité Asthme et allergologie, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Capital Region of Denmark, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), and Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Gerontology, Allergen immunotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Al·lèrgia, EIP on AHA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Alternative medicine, Immunoteràpia, Review, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Asthma, Rhinitis, business.industry, Precision medicine, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Integrated care, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ageing, AIRWAYS ICPs, 030228 respiratory system, General partnership, Action plan, Immunotherapy, business
Abstract

Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing. ispartof: Clinical and Translational Allergy vol:6 issue:1 pages:41-47 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2016
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34. Endotypes of pollen-food syndrome in children with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: a molecular classification

Author

Riccardo Asero, Diego Faggian, Roberta Olcese, Loredana Chini, Maria Francesca Patria, Francesco Macrì, Alessandro Travaglini, Serena Perna, Sandra Lucarelli, Carla Mastrorilli, Carlo Caffarelli, M. Miraglia Del Giudice, Viviana Moschese, Umberto Pelosi, Francesca Cipriani, Nunzia Maiello, Mario Plebani, Simone Frediani, A. Di Rienzo-Businco, Giuseppe Pingitore, Roberto Bernardini, I Dello Iacono, Elena Varin, Ifigenia Sfika, Annamaria Bianchi, Giampaolo Ricci, Salvatore Tripodi, Pasquale Comberiati, Anastasia Cirisano, C. Pistoletti, C. Povesi Dascola, Mauro Calvani, Matteo Moretti, Maria Carmen Verga, Tullio Frediani, P M Matricardi, Arianna Dondi, Diego Peroni, Paolo Giordani, Mastrorilli, C., Tripodi, S., Caffarelli, C., Perna, S., Di Rienzo Businco, A., Sfika, I., Asero, R., Dondi, Arianna, Bianchi, A., Povesi Dascola, C., Ricci, Giampaolo, Cipriani, Francesca, Maiello, N., Miraglia Del Giudice, M., Frediani, T., Frediani, S., Macrì, F., Pistoletti, C., Dello Iacono, I., Patria, M. F., Varin, E., Peroni, D., Comberiati, P., Chini, L., Moschese, V., Lucarelli, S., Bernardini, R., Pingitore, G., Pelosi, U., Olcese, R., Moretti, M., Cirisano, A., Faggian, D., Travaglini, A., Plebani, M., Verga, M. C., Calvani, M., Giordani, P., Matricardi, P. M., Dondi, A., Ricci, G., Cipriani, F., Maiello, Nunzia, and MIRAGLIA DEL GIUDICE, Michele

Subjects
Male, pollen-food syndrome, Allergy, Comorbidity, Immunoglobulin E, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Age of Onset, endotype, Child, Prospective cohort study, Sensitization, Conjunctivitis, Allergic, education.field_of_study, panallergens, biology, Syndrome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, classification, endotypes, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, panallergen, Pollen, Female, Seasons, oral allergy syndrome, Food Hypersensitivity, Adolescent, Population, Immunology, pollen food syndrome, 03 medical and health sciences, Oral allergy syndrome, children, medicine, cluster analysi, Humans, molecules, education, neoplasms, Skin Tests, Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale e Specialistica, molecule, business.industry, allergic rhinoconjunctiviti, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, Allergens, medicine.disease, cluster analysis, 030228 respiratory system, Food, biology.protein, Age of onset, business
Abstract

Background Pollen-food syndrome (PFS) is heterogeneous with regard to triggers, severity, natural history, comorbidities, and response to treatment. Our study aimed to classify different endotypes of PFS based on IgE sensitization to panallergens. Methods We examined 1271 Italian children (age 4-18 years) with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR). Foods triggering PFS were acquired by questionnaire. Skin prick tests were performed with commercial pollen extracts. IgE to panallergens Phl p 12 (profilin), Bet v 1 (PR-10), and Pru p 3 (nsLTP) were tested by ImmunoCAP FEIA. An unsupervised hierarchical agglomerative clustering method was applied within PFS population. Results PFS was observed in 300/1271 children (24%). Cluster analysis identified five PFS endotypes linked to panallergen IgE sensitization: (i) cosensitization to ≥2 panallergens ('multi-panallergen PFS'); (ii-iv) sensitization to either profilin, or nsLTP, or PR-10 ('mono-panallergen PFS'); (v) no sensitization to panallergens ('no-panallergen PFS'). These endotypes showed peculiar characteristics: (i) 'multi-panallergen PFS': severe disease with frequent allergic comorbidities and multiple offending foods; (ii) 'profilin PFS': oral allergy syndrome (OAS) triggered by Cucurbitaceae; (iii) 'LTP PFS': living in Southern Italy, OAS triggered by hazelnut and peanut; (iv) 'PR-10 PFS': OAS triggered by Rosaceae; and (v) 'no-panallergen PFS': mild disease and OAS triggered by kiwifruit. Conclusions In a Mediterranean country characterized by multiple pollen exposures, PFS is a complex and frequent complication of childhood SAR, with five distinct endotypes marked by peculiar profiles of IgE sensitization to panallergens. Prospective studies in cohorts of patients with PFS are now required to test whether this novel classification may be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the clinical practice.

Published
2016

35. Prospective validation of ‘Allergy-Control-SCORETM’: a novel symptom-medication score for clinical trials

Author

D. Häfner, J. Kettner, H. Meyer, A. Narkus, P M Matricardi, and K. Reich

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, business.industry, Immunology, Rescue medication, medicine.disease, Allergy Severity, Surgery, Clinical trial, Quality of life, Immunopathology, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Observational study, business, Asthma
Abstract

To cite this article: Hafner D, Reich K, Matricardi PM, Meyer H, Kettner J, Narkus A. Prospective validation of ‘Allergy-Control-SCORETM’: a novel symptom–medication score for clinical trials. Allergy 2011; 66: 629–636 Abstract Background: Combined symptom and medication scores (SMS) are recommended as primary endpoints in clinical trials. Several SMS have been created, but none has been formally validated. Objective: To evaluate the validity of the ‘Allergy-Control-SCORE© (ACS)’, a novel instrument to assess patient’s allergy severity by recording symptoms and rescue medication. Methods: One hundred and twenty-one consenting subjects (age 18–65 year), including 81 patients with allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and/or asthma and 40 healthy controls, participated in the study. They recorded daily nasal, eye, and lung symptoms using a 4-point scale (none, mild, moderate, and severe) and use of anti-symptomatic medication. Pollen counts were monitored during the study period. Symptom and medication scores values were compared to global allergy severity, quality of life, and allergy-related medical consultations. Feasibility was tested through a questionnaire on comprehensibility, easiness of use, and completeness. Retest reliability was assessed by testing consistency, in relation to pollen exposure, and for values recorded during each of 2 consecutive weeks. Results: Convergent reliability analysis indicated a highly significant correlation between ACS© and global allergy severity (P

Published
2011
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36. Infantile Spasms: à Neuro-ophthalmological Study

Author

Paolo Curatolo, Giulio Libutti, and M. Matricardi

Subjects
Male, Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Vision Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Ophthalmoscopy, Optic Atrophy, Retinal Diseases, Developmental Neuroscience, Pregnancy, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Humans, Medicine, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Spasms, Infantile
Abstract

SUMMARY A complete neuro-ophthalmological examination was made of 80 children affected by infantile spasms. Ocular features were inconstant and aspecific in the idiopathic, perinatal and postnatal groups. However, infantile spasms in the prenatal symptomatic group frequently were associated with ocular findings related to an ectodermic defect, as well as with brain defects. It is suggested that ocular findings are helpful in the investigation of infantile spasms, both in detecting associated brain malformations, and as an indication of whether further examination by computerized tomography is necessary. RESUME Spasmes infantiles: etude neuro-ophtalmologique Un examen neuro-ophthalmologique complet aete fait ches 80 enfants presentant des spasmes infantiles. Les manifestations oculaires etaient inconstantes et aspecifiques dans les groupes idiopathique, perinatal et postnatal. Cependant les spasmes infantiles du groupe symptomatique prenatal etaient associes a des troubles oculaires relies a une anomalie ectodermique aussi bien qu'a des anomalies cerebrales. Les auteurs suggerent que les troubles oculaires sont interessants a rechercher en cas de spasmes infantiles a la fois dans la detection de malformations cerebrales associees et pour poser une indication d'examen ulterieur par tomodensitometrie. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG BNS-Krampfe: eine neuro-ophthalmologische Studie 80 Kinder mit BNS-Krampfen wurden einer vollstandigen neuro-ophthalmologischen Untersuchung unterzogen. Bei den idiopathischen, peri- und post-natalen Gruppen waren die okularen Merkmale inkonstant und unspezifisch. Bei der praenatalen symptomatischen Gruppe jedoch fand man haufig, das die BNS-Krampfe mit okularen Befunden einhergingen, bedingt durch ektodermale Defekte oder Hirnmisbildungen. Man ist der Ansicht, das okulare Befunde bei Kindern mit BNS-Krampfen dazu beitragen konnen, Hirnmisbildungen zu erkennen und die Indikation fur weitere Untersuchungen durch Computertomographie zu stellen.

Published
2008
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37. Allergy Work-Up Including Component-Resolved Diagnosis: How to Make Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy More Specific

Author

Jörg, Kleine-Tebbe, Paolo M, Matricardi, and Robert G, Hamilton

Subjects
Profilins, Desensitization, Immunologic, Hypersensitivity, Animals, Humans, Pollen, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Allergens, Immunoglobulin E
Abstract

Symptoms are recorded by obtaining a clinical history. Allergen sensitization is demonstrated by skin prick test or allergen-specific IgE serology. IgE sensitizations to allergen sources can be identified knowing the relationship between major aeroallergens and homologous allergen families. Some develop allergic sensitization to pan-allergens. Allergen extracts do not allow definitive separation of the sources. IgE antibody analysis of the major allergenic molecules facilitates differentiation of sensitizing allergen sources. IgE sensitizations to inhalant allergens are only relevant in the case of corresponding symptoms. In questionable cases, conjunctival or nasal provocation tests help induce confirmatory symptoms and identify relevant allergens for immunotherapy.

Published
2015

38. Diagnostic test allergens used for in vivo diagnosis of allergic diseases are at risk: a European Perspective

Author

Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, P M Matricardi, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Antonella Muraro, Pascal Demoly, Ludger Klimek, T. Werfel, Victoria Cardona, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Harald Renz, Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, and Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, bronchial provocation test, Immunology, nasal provocation test, European Pharmacopoeia, Hypersensitivity, Health insurance, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Revenue, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, media_common, Actuarial science, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, business.industry, Public health, Authorization, Diagnostic test, conjunctival provocation test, skin test allergens, Allergens, 3. Good health, Europe, Clinical trial, Diagnostic Test Approval, Homogeneous, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, business
Abstract

International audience; In the European Union (EU), allergens used for diagnostic tests (TAs) are defined as medicinal products and have to be registered by national authorities. The current situation is not homogeneous. Existing authorizations need to be kept in the market in some EU states, while others need complete new authorizations requiring clinical trials, quality assurance methods, stability studies, and periodic safety update reports. Allergen manufacturers argue that offering a comprehensive panel of TAs may be economically disastrous. Expenses for initiation and maintenance of TA authorizations far exceed their related revenues and manufacturers may be forced to significantly limit their allergen portfolios. The availability of a wide range of high-quality TAs is very important for in vivo diagnoses of IgE-mediated allergies. Increased regulatory demands induce costs that need to be covered by public health organizations or reimbursed by health insurance companies.

Published
2015
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39. Allergy, asthma and markers of infections among Albanian migrants to Southern Italy

Author

M. T. Ventura, Valentina Panetta, F. Giannoccaro, Alfredo Tursi, Salvatore Barbuti, F. Accettura, R. Lama, G. Munno, Sergio Bonini, A. Priftanji, Francesco Rosmini, Luigina Ferrigno, P M Matricardi, M. Hoxha, Maria Chironna, Ventura MT, 4. 5. 7., Munno, G, Giannoccaro, F, Accettura, F, Chironna, M, Lama, R, Hoxha, M, Panetta, V, Ferrigno, L, Rosmini, F, Matricardi, Pm, Barbuti, S, Priftanji, A, Bonini, Sergio, and Tursi, A.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Time Factors, Immunology, Prevalence, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Serology, Epidemiology, Hypersensitivity, medicine, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Life Style, Sensitization, Asthma, Transients and Migrants, Helicobacter pylori, business.industry, Hepatitis A, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Albania, Hay fever, Hepatitis A virus, business, Toxoplasma, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background: Studies of immigrants represent an useful tool to determine the relative relevance of environmental vs genetic factors in causing the reported rapid increase of the prevalence of sensitization and allergic diseases. Methods: A total of 152Albanian migrants to Southern Italy responded to a questionnaire based on the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) and 139 of them underwent skin prick test, and 61 serological assays for total IgE and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (TG), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP). Results: Reported asthma was rare (2/152; 1.3%) and reported nasal allergies rather frequent (24/152; 15.8%). Sensitization to common inhalant allergens occurred in 27/139 (19.4%) subjects. The frequency of skin sensitization to pollen (P ¼ 0.003) and that of hay fever (P ¼ 0.004) increased with the time spent in Apulia. All the 61 sera had antibodies against HAV, 59/61 (96.7%) against HSV-1, 48/61 (78.7%) against HP and 34/61 (55.7%) against TG. The prevalence of skin sensitization and hay fever symptoms were correlated to the duration of residence in Southern Italy. Conclusions: Data presented indicate that Albanian migrants to Italy, in spite of the low prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in their country of origin, manifest with time an increasing prevalence of sensitization to local allergens and nasal symptoms after immigration to Italy. This would suggest a permanent role of allergen exposure and lifestyle factors in influencing the appearance of sensitization and symptoms of allergic diseases.

Published
2004
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40. Pilot study on the short-term prediction of symptoms in children with hay fever monitored with e-Health technology

Author

C, Costa, P, Menesatti, M A, Brighetti, A, Travaglini, V, Rimatori, A, Di Rienzo Businco, S, Pelosi, A, Bianchi, P M, Matricardi, and S, Tripodi

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Humans, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Pilot Projects, Immunoglobulin E, Child, Telemedicine
Abstract

Forecasting symptoms of pollen-related allergic rhinoconjunctivitis at the level of individual patients would be useful to improve disease control and plan pharmacological intervention. Information Technology nowadays facilitates a more efficient and easier monitoring of patients with chronic diseases. We aimed this study at testing the efficiency of a model to short-term forecast symptoms of pollen-AR at the "individual" patient level. We analysed the data prospectively acquired from a group of 21 Italian children affected by pollen-related allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and recorded their symptoms and medication "Average Combined Score" (ACS) on a daily basis during April-June 2010-2011 through an informatics platform (Allergymonitor™). The dataset used for prediction included 15 variables in four categories: (A) date, (B) meteo-climatic, (C) atmospheric concentration of 5 pollen taxa, and (D) intensity of the patient's IgE sensitization. A Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis approach was used in order to predict ACS values above a fixed threshold value (0.5). The best performing predicting model correctly classified 77.8% ± 10.3% and 75.5% ± 13.2% of the recorded days in the model and test years, respectively. In this model, 9/21 patients showed ≥ 80% correct classification of the recorded days in both years. A better performance was associated with a higher degree of patient's atopic sensitization and a time lag1. Symptom forecasts of seasonal allergic rhinitis are possible in highly polysensitised patients in areas with complex pollen exposure. However, only predictive models tailored to the individual patient's allergic susceptibility are accurate enough. Multicenter studies in large population samples adopting the same acquisition data system on smart phones are now needed to confirm this encouraging outcome.

Published
2014

42. Allergia alla frutta fresca in età pediatrica

Author

C. Alessandri, F. Borghesan, a. Martelli, P. M. Matricardi, P. Pigatto, L. R.e.g.g.i.a.n.i., BERNI CANANI, ROBERTO, C., Alessandri, BERNI CANANI, Roberto, F., Borghesan, A., Martelli, P. M., Matricardi, P., Pigatto, and L. R. e. g. g. i. a. n., I.

Published
2008

44. Disfunzioni corticali e sotto-tentoriali nella Sclerosi Tuberosa

Author

Mario Brinciotti, M. De Rinaldis, A. Coppolaro Grasso, and M. Matricardi

Subjects
Tuberous sclerosis, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, Neurology (clinical), Visual evoked potentials, Audiology, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) and brain stem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEP) were studied in eight children with tuberous sclerosis (four boys and four girls, average age 4.5 years) comparing them with a control group of 21 healthy children (ten boys and 11 girls). The patients had an increased average latency of VEP (IV component or P2; p < .01694) and BAEP (right V wave = p < .001145; left V wave = p < 013792; right I-V interpeak = p < .000543; left I-V interpeak ? p < .009854). Impaired responses were common in both VEP (80%) and BAEP (85%). In addition, altered BAEP were also present in patients without subtentorial structural abnormalities. Evoked potentials serve as a sensitive test for early diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.

Published
2003
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45. PEV e BAEP in bambini affetti da Neurofibromatosi

Author

M. De Rinaldis, M. Matricardi, A. Coppolaro Grasso, and Mario Brinciotti

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials, Visual evoked potentials, Audiology, medicine.disease, Neurofibromatosis, Evoked Potentials, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) and brain stem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEP) were studied in 19 children with neurofibromatosis (13 males and six females aged from seven months to 17 years; average age 6.3 years) comparing them with those of a control group of 43 healthy children (25 males and 18 females). The patients had an increased average VEP latency (III wave = p < .01559; IV wave = p < .00001) and I-V interpeak of BAEP (right I-V interpeak = p < .04083; left I-V interpeak ? p < .00852). Impaired responses were relatively common in both VEP (40%) and BAEP (35%), with a moderate but not constant relation to neuroradiological findings. Altered potentials were also present in patients without structural abnormalities. Evoked potentials serve as a sensitive test for early diagnosis of neurofibromatosis.

Published
2003
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46. Functional analysis of two tetanus toxin universal T cell epitopes in their interaction with DR1101 and DR1104 alleles

Author

D Valmori, A Sabbatini, A Lanzavecchia, G Corradin, and P M Matricardi

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

In this study we have investigated the interaction between two DR11 alleles (DB*1101 and DB*1104) and two previously described tetanus toxin (tt) universal T cell epitopes P2(tt830-843) and P30(tt947-967) by means of a functional cytotoxic competition assay. Both truncation analysis and single alanine substitution analysis were performed. In addition, the capacity of truncated and single alanine substituted peptides to be recognized by human T cell clones from donors bearing the DR1101 or DR1104 alleles was assessed. In the case of truncated peptides the same binding and recognition pattern was observed with both alleles. Longer peptides were better competitors and more potent stimulators, a result that should be taken into account when these peptides are used as immunogens. None of the single alanine substitutions could abrogate or strongly diminish the inhibitory capacity of the analogues tested indicating the lack of strong "anchor residues" present in P2 and P30 and implicated in DR binding. In addition, although the original peptide sequences were presented to specific T cell clones with comparable efficiency, some of the alanine single substituted peptides were better recognized in association with one of the alleles by clones derived from individuals bearing the homologous allele. The only exception was the tt951-967 analogue ttW955A, which was preferentially recognized in association with the DR1104 allele regardless of the clone tested. This suggests that, although it binds to both alleles with comparable efficiency, the MHC-peptide complex so formed is conformationally distinguishable by specific T cell clones.

Published
1994
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48. Cortical Evoked Potentials in Children of Diabetic Mothers

Author

A. Mittica, M. Matricardi, Olimpia Bitterman, Angela Napoli, and Mario Brinciotti

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, genetic structures, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, lcsh:Medicine, Audiology, Electroencephalography, Somatosensory system, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Pregnancy, Evoked potential, Visual Cortex, medicine.diagnostic_test, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Age Factors, General Medicine, Italy, Child, Preschool, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Female, Analysis of variance, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Internal medicine, Article Subject, lcsh:Specialties of internal medicine, Offspring, Diabetes Complications, lcsh:RC581-951, Diabetes mellitus, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, medicine, Reaction Time, Humans, lcsh:RC31-1245, Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square Distribution, lcsh:RC648-665, business.industry, lcsh:R, Infant, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, Median Nerve, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Somatosensory evoked potential, Case-Control Studies, Evoked Potentials, Visual, business, Photic Stimulation
Abstract

Type 1 diabetic mothers' infants show a delay of visual evoked potential (VEP) significantly related to some parameters of poor metabolic control during pregnancy. In the present paper we analyzed the characteristics of VEPs and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded in 16 three-year-old type 1 diabetic mothers' children (DMC). Compared with controls (23 nondiabetic mothers' healthy matched children), DMC showed significantly delayed mean latency of VEP (P2) and SEP (P22). In 3 cases (19%), we found pathological responses (+3 SD from the mean value of controls) of VEPs and SEPs. At the age of 3 years, the offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers showed delay of cortical evoked responses in both visual and somatosensory systems.

Published
2011

50. 99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: controversial aspects of the 'hygiene hypothesis'

Author

P. M. Matricardi

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, medicine.disease_cause, Autoimmunity, Autoimmune Diseases, Atopy, Allergic sensitization, Hygiene hypothesis, Hygiene, Epidemiology, medicine, Hypersensitivity, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Child, Asthma, media_common, business.industry, Probiotics, Infant, Emigration and Immigration, medicine.disease, United States, Europe, Part IV: Epidemiology of Autoimmune and Infectious Diseases, Virus Diseases, business
Abstract

Summary The ‘hygiene hypothesis’ proposes that the epidemic of allergic and autoimmune diseases is due to changes in the interactions between humans and the microbes of their ecosystem. This theory apparently does not explain (i) why allergic asthma is rising in ‘unhygienic’ American inner cities; (ii) why allergic diseases are less prevalent among migrants' children living in European big cities; (iii) why infections with airborne viruses do not ‘protect’ from allergic sensitization; (iv) why the inverse association between some infections (e.g. hepatitis A virus) and allergic diseases has been reproduced in some populations, but not in others; and (v) why probiotics are not effective in the prevention and therapy of allergic diseases. These challenging questions are useful starting points to improve our understanding of the hypothesis, and to identify among the infectious agents those really responsible for a protective influence against atopic and autoimmune diseases.

Published
2010

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