Search

BACKGROUND: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and includes one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. Despite the high prevalence, many professionals who work with children and adolescents with this disorder do not have enough knowledge on the subject. Physical education professionals deal directly with these children and need the knowledge to choose which skills and/or motor criteria to emphasize in their classes. However, issues related to neurodevelopmental disorders are not frequently addressed in the physical education courses, which impairs proper dealing with this population. AIM: This study aims to verify the level of knowledge about ADHD and its motor impairments in professionals and students of physical education. METHOD: A questionnaire was developed by researchers of motor behavior and was applied to professionals and students of physical education. The participants' responses were then analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The results indicate that although the volunteers have basic notions about the subject, they do not have enough preparation to deal with children with ADHD. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the knowledge about ADHD is insufficient and a reformulation in the curriculum of physical education courses is recommended.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of executive functions (EF) on motor adaptation. We compared the motor performance of adults with and without EF deficits. Those with EF deficits ( n = 21) were individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under medical treatment, and those without EF deficits ( n = 21) comprised a control group (CG) of participants who were also without neurological or psychiatric diagnoses. Both groups performed a complex coincident timing motor task and various computerized neuropsychological tests for assessing EF. To investigate motor adaptation, the motor task provided measures of absolute error (AE) and variable error (VE) to reflect, respectively, performance accuracy and consistency relative to the task goal. We used reaction time (RT) to measure planning time taken before starting the task. First, participants practiced until they reached a criterion of performance stabilization (prior to their exposure to motor perturbations). They were next exposed to fast and slow predictable and unpredictable perturbations. On all neuropsychological tasks, participants with ADHD scored more poorly than control participants ( p < .05); participants with ADHD also performed worse than control participants on all motor measures, particularly under unpredictable perturbations ( p < .05). Under slow perturbations, EF deficits, particularly attentional impulsivity, negatively affected motor adaptation while cognitive flexibility was related to performance improvement. Under fast perturbations, both impulsivity and fast reaction time were related to improvement in motor adaptation under both predictable and unpredictable perturbations. We discuss the research and practical implications of these findings.

BACKGROUND: The fronto-central slow-wave known as the contingent negative variation (CNV) is an electroencephalographic measure related to the ability of the motor system to extract spatial-temporal regularities to produce a motor response. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the levels of electrocortical activity prior to predictable and unpredictable stimuli in a motor control task, and the association between CNV and reaction time (RT). METHOD: Seventeen participants performed a task that consisted of removing the right index finger from the space bar as fast as possible after stimulus onset. All participants practiced under both a predictable (PC) and an unpredictable (UC) context. RESULTS: Results indicated that RT under the unpredictable context was slower than under the predictable context. However, CNV levels under predictable and unpredictable contexts did not differ. CONCLUSION: The certainty of stimulus appearance in the UC may have produced effects similar to those under the PC, resulting in similar CNV levels. However, the use of this mechanism under the UC was suboptimal to motor performance.

In 2020, the South African government adopted a controversial measure in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide ban on the sale and transport of alcoholic drinks. In this article, we explore the process that led to the construction of alcohol consumption as a “public problem” in the country, highlighting connections between alcohol drinking, politics, the economy, public health, public safety, and social inequality. We observe how the 2020 alcohol ban was decided upon, justified and enforced, following a long history of government attempts to control alcohol consumption among poor non-White South Africans. Based on ethnographic data, we present some patterns and meanings of alcohol consumption in popular settings and provide a glimpse into the drinking practices of more affluent South Africans during the alcohol ban. In doing so, we intend to offer a broader portrait of the phenomenon, one that helps grasp this intricate issue. Resumo Em 2020, o governo sul-africano adotou uma medida polêmica em resposta à pandemia de COVID-19: a proibição nacional da venda e do transporte de bebidas alcoólicas. Neste artigo, exploramos o processo que levou à construção do consumo de álcool como um “problema público” no país, destacando as conexões entre consumo de álcool, política, economia, saúde pública, segurança pública e desigualdade social. Observamos como a proibição do álcool em 2020 foi decidida, justificada e aplicada, após uma longa história de tentativas do governo de controlar o consumo de álcool entre sul-africanos pobres não brancos. Com base em dados etnográficos, apresentamos alguns padrões e significados do consumo de álcool em ambientes populares e fornecemos um vislumbre das práticas de consumo de bebidas entre os sul-africanos mais ricos durante a proibição do álcool. Com isso, pretendemos oferecer um retrato mais amplo do fenômeno, que ajude a apreender essa intrincada questão.

Neste artigo, indicamos a inadequação do conceito de xenofobia para explicar a violência contra estrangeiros na África do Sul. Com as noções de “fetichização das origens” e “vandalismo”, alguns analistas sul-africanos caracterizaram violações aos direitos de imigrantes como distúrbios psiquiátricos e barbarismo, antigos clichês sobre a África. Mediante a etnografia dos Tshwane Riots (2016), indicamos que os saques de comerciantes Pakistani ocorreram conforme “leis” locais. Interpretamos esses ataques como estratégia política e sinal da existência de disputas soberanas entre o Congresso Nacional Africano (CNA) e setores orgânicos de seu eleitorado. In Xenophobia? Moral Economy, Ethical-Moral Rights, and Citizenship Dilemmas in South Africa, we argue the inadequacy of xenophobia to account for violence against foreigners in South Africa. With the notions of fetishising of origins and vandalism, scholars cast violations against the rights of immigrants as psychiatric disturbs and barbarism, clichés about Africa. Via the ethnography of the Tshwane Riots (2016), we show that the ransacking of Pakistani businesses in an informal settlement in Pretoria followed local laws. We interpret these attacks as a political strategy and a sovereign dispute between the African National Congress (ANC) and its organic constituency.

Ecotoxicological tools have proved to be sensitive and appropriate for the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatments used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of bioassays and biomarkers to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments throughout WWTP samples[A—raw influent, B—preliminary effluent, C—final effluent, and D—receiving stream], seasonally over 1 year, through a multispecies approach: i) bacterial cell viability [Escherichia coli, Rhodopirellulla rubra, Arthrobacter sp., and Pseudomonas putida]; ii) microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and the macrophyte Lemna minor growth inhibition; and iii) microcrustacean Daphnia magna acute and feeding rate assays. Total chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, and proline levels were evaluated in L. minor, and catalase, glutathione-S-transferase activities, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were quantified in D. magna, after exposure to wastewater samples. Overall, the tested species showed different sensitivities, P. putida = Arthrobacter sp. = R. rubra R. subcapitata E. coli = D. magna = L. minor, to the collected samples. The results obtained in D. magna and L. minor assays demonstrated that these organisms can be used in programs for monitoring and environmental assessment of wastewater effluents. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of ecotoxicological tools, with multispecies and different endpoints, to assess the effectiveness of WWTPs. Moreover, it is important to ensure that WWTP implements a monitoring program to minimize the discharge of effluents that compromise the environment in order to guarantee the good ecological quality of the environmental ecosystems.

Background: The benefits of variable practice in motor learning have been traditionally explained by the increased demand for memory processes induced by trial-to-trial changes. Recently, a new perspective associating increased demand for perception with variable practice has emerged. Aim: This revision aims to present and discuss the findings in this exciting topic newly opened. Results / Interpretation: In the second half of 2010’s, a number of studies have pointed out differences in perceptual processing when compared variable and repetitive practices. Different levels of (a) hemodynamic activation, (b) electroencephalographic activity, (c) neurochemical activity, and (d) oculomotor behavior have provided evidence that perceptual processes are affected differently by variable and repetitive practices.

A formal swimming learning occurs through a direct interaction between teacher and learner. The aim of this study is to present models for classification of learning in stages and discuss their implications for the teaching-learning process of swimming. This narrative review was carried out through bibliographic research. We used qualitative and exploratory approaches. Models proposed by Adams (1971), Fitts and Posner, (1967), and Gentile (1972) categorize learning into several stages, accounting for the characteristics of the learners and the environment. To enhance the teaching-learning process of swimming skills, the teacher must recognize the stages in which the learner finds himself, and to establish efficient teaching strategies. The learning stage identification affects the manipulation of variables that interfere in learning, such as setting goals, selecting content, choosing appropriate strategies and assessing learning, regardless of the swimming stroke. Even though some points will differ between swimming styles, such as the specificity, the specificity of errors, the informational demand, and the amount of practice, it is the teacher's role to establish the relationship between the student and the contents to be taught in the teaching-learning process. Overall, the quality of the teaching-learning process will depend on the teacher’s ability to propose contents that are appropriate to the characteristics, needs and expectations of the learners, being sufficiently challenging to arouse motivation and to promote skills learning. El aprendizaje formal de la natación ocurre mediante una interacción directa entre maestro y alumno. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar modelos de clasificación del aprendizaje en etapas y discutir sus implicaciones para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la natación. Esta revisión narrativa se realizó a través de una investigación bibliográfica. Se utilizaron enfoques cualitativos y exploratorios. Los modelos propuestos por Adams (1971), Fitts y Posner, (1967) y Gentile (1972) clasifican el aprendizaje en varias etapas, teniendo en cuenta las características de los alumnos y del entorno. Para potencializar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las habilidades de natación, el docente debe reconocer las etapas en las que se encuentra el aprendiz y establecer estrategias de enseñanza eficientes. La identificación de la etapa de aprendizaje afecta la manipulación de variables que interfieren en el aprendizaje, como el establecimiento de metas, la selección de contenidos, la elección de estrategias adecuadas y la evaluación del aprendizaje, independientemente del estilo de natación. Aunque algunos puntos diferirán entre los estilos de natación, como la especificidad y cantidad de información, la especificidad de los errores, la demanda de información y la cantidad de práctica, es el papel del profesor establecer la relación entre el estudiante y los contenidos a enseñarse en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En general, la calidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje dependerá de la capacidad del profesor proponer contenidos adecuados a las características, necesidades y expectativas de los educandos, siendo lo suficientemente desafiantes para despertar la motivación y promover el aprendizaje de competencias. A aprendizagem formal da natação ocorre por meio da interação direta entre professor e aprendiz. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar modelos de classificação da aprendizagem em etapas e discutir suas implicações para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da natação. Esta revisão narrativa foi realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Para tanto, utilizaram-se abordagens qualitativas e exploratórias. Os modelos propostos por Adams (1971), Fitts & Posner, (1967) e Gentile (1972) categorizam a aprendizagem em vários estágios, considerando as características dos aprendizes e do ambiente. A fim de potencializar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na natação, o professor deve reconhecer as etapas em que o aprendiz se encontra e estabelecer estratégias de ensino eficientes. A identificação do estágio de aprendizagem afeta a manipulação de variáveis ​​que influenciam na aprendizagem, como o estabelecimento de metas, a seleção dos conteúdos, a escolha das estratégias adequadas e a avaliação da aprendizagem, independentemente estilo do nado. Ainda que hajam diferenças entre os nados, como a especificidade, a especificidade dos erros, a demanda informacional e a quantidade de prática, é papel do professor estabelecer a relação entre o aluno e os conteúdos a serem ensinados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. De forma geral, a qualidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem dependerá da capacidade do professor para propor conteúdos adequados às características, necessidades e expectativas dos aprendizes, conteúdos suficientemente desafiadores para motivá-los e promover aprendizagem.

In the wild various organisms contribute to daphnids diet. This study, intendeds to evaluate the potential of the concentration ofFeeding assays were performed according to standard guidelines for chronic assays (21 days), and life-history parameters and several biomarkers (protein content, oxidative stress, energetic reserves and pigments) were measured. Five food regimens were conducted with 20 individual replicates (A -The five diets showed a different C, N, and carotenoids composition, with an increase in the mixed diets. The results confirmed that the mixed diets improvedResults demonstrated that different diets provided a nutritional diversified food to the daphnids that induced differences in

Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of 2 new proliferation markers, cyclin D1 and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2), in comparison with p16, p53, and Ki67 in differentiating the spectrum of smooth muscle tumors. An institutional database search from 2009 to 2017 identified 10 cases of uterine leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LBN), 12 smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential, and 13 leiomyosarcomas (LMS). Ten resected leiomyomas (LM) were included as controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the befitting representative block from each case. Ki67 was10% in all LMs and LBNs, whereas10% in all LMSs. Although wild-type in majority of cases, p53 was overexpressed in 38% of LMSs. Cyclin D1 nuclear positivity in LMs, LBNs, and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentials ranged from 0% to 65% of neoplastic cells with mostly weak to moderate staining intensity. Instead, cyclin D1 expression was5% in all LMSs. The ratio of MCM2 positivity exhibited a similar wide range (1%-80%) in LMs, LBNs, and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentials but interestingly, 92% (12/13) of LMSs were diffusely and strongly positive for MCM2 (80% cell positivity). Overall, for diagnosis of LMS, the sensitivity for diffuse intense MCM2 staining was higher (92%) compared with diffuse staining for p16 (77%); however, specificity of MCM2 and p16 was comparable (94% and 97%, respectively). Herein, we describe the immunohistochemical profile of 2 new proliferation markers, cyclin D1 and MCM2 in uterine smooth muscle tumors. A combination of diffuse strong MCM2 and p16 reactivity with increased Ki67 index can reliably distinguish LMSs from benign histologic mimics.

Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease. © 2021, The Author(s).

The high salt concentration is the major factor limiting microbial growth at salterns, along with solar radiation, temperature, and pH. These environmental factors play key roles in the acquisition of unique genetic adaptations for the survival of microorganisms in salterns, which can result in the production of interesting secondary metabolites. The main goal of the present work was to isolate and compare the culturable microbiota from two geographically distant salterns in Portugal and access their biotechnological potential.Culturomics approaches using different culture media were applied for microbial isolation. All isolates were identified either by 16S rRNA or ITS genes sequencing, and their biotechonological potential was assessed by PCR.Overall, 154 microbial isolates were recovered that were phylogenetically assigned to 45 taxa from 9 different phyla. From these, 26 isolates may represent putative new taxa. The predominant genera obtained wereThis study adds up valuable knowledge on the culturable microbiota of Portuguese salterns and on its potential for production of secondary metabolites. In the long run, this study provides a widely diverse microbial collection for future works. Data public repository: All DNA sequences were deposited in the GenBank database at National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web platform under accession numbers OK169439-OK169485, OK216020-OK216124, OK287059 and OK326927.

The profiles of total fatty acids (TFAs) and the neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFAs) were compared for the bacterium Rhodopirellula rubra and the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata (conventional food source for Daphnia magna). D. magna NLFAs were assessed when this crustacean was fed with bacterium and alga, individually or in combination. After NLFA extraction, the profiles of the various organisms were characterized by gas chromatography. Results evidenced the relevance of the different composition of the fatty acid (FAs) fractions in the different organisms, R. rubra and R. subcapitata. In these species, the NFLA analyses revealed high amounts of long chain FAs (C

Aim This study aims to evaluate the effect of erbium: Yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on the enamel microshear bond strength (µSBS), followed by the utilization of etch-and-rinse and universal adhesive systems. Materials and methods A total of 32 molars were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction producing 64 samples that were randomized into two groups (n = 32): single bond 2 (SB2) (etch-and-rinse system; 3M), SB universal (SBU) (universal etching system; The SB2 and SBU groups were then divided into two subgroups (n = 16): (i) enamel was irradiated with an Er:YAG laser (λ = 2.94 μm, 60 mJ, 10 Hz), and (ii) enamel served as a control. The samples were restored with TPH3 (Dentsply), stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours, and subjected to a microshear test. Results Kruskal–Wallis (p Conclusion The previous irradiation of enamel with Er:YAG laser does not interfere with the performance of simplified two-step etch-and-rinse and universal adhesive systems. Clinical significance The increasing use of Er:YAG laser is important to evaluate the influence of this irradiation on the adhesion of restorative materials. Thus, to obtain the longevity of the restorative procedures, it is necessary to know the result of the association of the present adhesive systems to the irradiated substrate. How to cite this article De Jesus Tavarez RR, Rodrigues LLC, Diniz AC, Lage LM, Torres CRG, Bandeca MC, Firoozmand LM. Does Erbium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser to Enamel improve the Performance of Etch-and-rinse and Universal Adhesives? J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):278-282.

The reaction of Mn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3 and citric acid assisted by microwave allowed the preparation of nanoparticles of MnFe2O4. The diffraction patterns were assigned to the cubic phase and the material crystallize in the space group Fd-3m ( O h 7 , n° 227). A full analysis of the infrared bands through group theory showed that four bands, F1u, are active in the IR and five A1g, Eg and 3F2g, are detected in the Raman spectrum. Neither of them is coincident. The HRTEM confirmed the nanometric size of MnFe2O4 and allowed the determination of the inter-planar distances, 0.164, 0.256, and 0.300 nm, in the polycrystalline sample. The SEM images show the formation of irregular-shaped agglomerates. A ζ of (−21.4 ± 0.3) mV was obtained for the aqueous suspension of MnFe2O4. The catalytic degradation of the malachite green (MG) was studied using a mixture of H2O2 and MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The dye was completely decomposed after 60 min forming colourless products. In addition, the kinetic study revealed that the degradation process follows a first-order Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics. Finally, we have investigated the toxicity of the degraded products in comparison with the original material, in the presence of brine shrimp (A. Salina). The results showed that a non-degraded solution of malachite green is 70% more lethal for this microorganism than the products obtained after the degradation process.

In this study, we investigated the chemical compositions and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis produced by the stingless bee Frieseomelitta longipes and the honeybee Apis mellifera collected from colonies in North Brazil. In terms of volatile composition, both mono- and sesquiterpenes were detected in the propolis of F. longipes while only sesquiterpenes were detected in that of A. mellifera. Out of 50 volatiles identified in all samples, 26 were found exclusively in F. longipes propolis and 8 were found exclusively in A. mellifera propolis. The chemical profiles of the propolis extracts were determined by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry allowed to identify several prenylated benzophenones. A. mellifera extracts exhibited major antioxidant activity as assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method and all extracts exhibited antioxidant activity as assessed by the β-carotene/linoleic acid method. The ethanolic extracts of the propolis showed promisor activity against all tested microorganisms. Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-15T23:42:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01004042qn41050485.pdf: 673911 bytes, checksum: 0fa612807ad27c5b53f14b66e2607183 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-14

This research investigates the relationship between climatic variables, altitude and saffron flowering periods, toward predicting the flowering time in saffron as to assist scheduling harvest practices. The study was conducted over 4 years, from 2005 to 2009. Simple predicted models based on some climatic data, occurring during the previous month to critical flowering periods, first flowering date and peak or maximum of flowering, were computed. Four highly significant linear regressions were identified for the two critical dates. The first one include solar radiation and rainfall (R2=1, P‹0.05), and the second one is based on GDD (growing-degree-day) and rainfall (R2=0.99, P‹0.05). The maximum flowering date showed a high correlation with GDD cumulated over the period from 1 to 20 of October (R2=0.998, P‹0.001) for the first model and the solar radiation for the second model (R2=1.000, Pr›0.002). The altitude highly influences the flowering period. A high negative relationship was then observed (R2=-0,76, p‹0.001). Noticing the high year-to-year variability of flowering happenings in the same location and in different altitudes, the models presented could provide an approximate estimation of the flowering dates based on local climatic data and altitude which has to be included in subsequent predictive models.

The cultivation and the valorization of saffron in Morocco rely on an ancestral tradition with old practices mainly rooted in the region of Taliouine where this cultivation knows a considerable development. Trying to trace it back, its introduction and its cultivation in Morocco, a study about the empiricism of saffron cultivation in Taliouine region was conducted through the studying of archives, documents and very old contracts related to property, as well as surveys of resource persons living in the studied zone. The results unveil a deep attachment during the history of saffron cultivation practiced from father to son since centuries and dated back to the seventh generation according to some people. Some producers are still remembering the period of saffron introduction in their homes like in Iskaouen and Iznaguen. Also, some historical documents that we had the opportunity to examine, although they are not numerous, which refer to saffron cultivation, evoke that the exact period of saffron introduction and cultivation are still unknown and traced back to the Xth century, based on Arab-Muslim World manuscripts where saffron was cultivated in the Maghreb.

La ghrelina, es el ligando endógeno para el receptor de secretagogos de GH. Se ha aislado a partir de estómago, aunque existen otros tejidos que también expresan ghrelina, como es el caso de la hipófisis, hipotálamo, placenta, ovario, testículo, etc. Se ha visto como la ghrelina está implicada en la secreción de GH, tanto in vivo, como in vitro, existen evidencias que demuestran como la administración de ghrelina induce secreción de GH. Existen datos in vivo, donde se demuestra que la potencia secretora de GH de la ghrelina es incluso superior a la que ejerce el GHRH, que hasta hace poco se consideraba el más potente de los secretagogos de GH endógenos. Existen evidencias de la acción reguladora de la ghrelina sobre la ingesta y la homeostasis energética. Existe un papel claro de la ghrelina en las distintas alteraciones alimentarias como en el caso de la obesidad, anorexia y bulimia.

The metastasis‐associated protein 1(MTA1)/histone deacetylase (HDAC) unit is a cancer progression‐related epigenetic regulator, which is overexpressed in hormone‐refractory and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). In our previous studies, we found a significantly increased MTA1 expression in a prostate‐specific Pten‐null mouse model. We also demonstrated that stilbenes, namely resveratrol and pterostilbene (Pter), affect MTA1/HDAC signaling, including deacetylation of tumor suppressors p53 and PTEN. In this study, we examined whether inhibition of MTA1/HDAC using combination of Pter and a clinically approved HDAC inhibitor, SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, vorinostat), which also downregulates MTA1, could block prostate tumor progression in vivo. We generated and utilized a luciferase reporter in a prostate‐specific Pten‐null mouse model (Pb‐Cre +; Pten f/f; Rosa26 Luc/+) to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of Pter/SAHA combinatorial approach. Our data showed that Pter sensitized tumor cells to SAHA treatment resulting in inhibiting tumor growth and additional decline of tumor progression. These effects were dependent on the reduction of MTA1‐associated proangiogenic factors HIF‐1α, VEGF, and IL‐1β leading to decreased angiogenesis. In addition, treatment of PCa cell lines in vitro with combined Pter and low dose SAHA resulted in more potent inhibition of MTA1/HIF‐1α than by high dose SAHA alone. Our study provides preclinical evidence that Pter/SAHA combination treatment inhibits MTA1/HIF‐1α tumor‐promoting signaling in PCa. The beneficial outcome of combinatorial strategy using a natural agent and an approved drug for higher efficacy and less toxicity supports further development of MTA1‐targeted therapies in PCa.

We have previously shown that metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a chromatin remodeler, plays an important role in prostate cancer invasiveness, likely through regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Here, we identified miR-22 as an epigenetic-microRNA (Epi-miR) directly induced by MTA1 and predicted to target E-cadherin. Loss-of-function and overexpression studies of MTA1 reinforced its regulatory role in miR-22 expression. MiR-22 directly targets the 3'-untranslated region of E-cadherin, and ectopic overexpression of miR-22 diminishes E-cadherin expression. Overexpression of miR-22 in prostate cancer cells promotes cell invasiveness and migration. Meta-analysis of patient tumor samples indicates a positive correlation between MTA1 and miR-22, supporting their inhibitory effect on E-cadherin expression. Our findings implicate the MTA1/Epi-miR-22/E-cadherin axis as a new epigenetic signaling pathway that promotes tumor invasion in prostate cancer.

Planctomycetes are ubiquitous and environmentally important Gram-negative aquatic bacteria with key roles in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Many planctomycetal species have a pink or orange colour and have been suggested to produce carotenoids. Potential applications as food colorants or anti-oxidants have been proposed. Hitherto, the planctomycetal metabolism is largely unexplored and the strain pigmentation has not been explored. For a holistic view of the complex planctomycetal physiology, we analysed carotenoid profiles of the pink-pigmented strain Rhodopirellula rubra LF2