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This study aimed to investigate the effect of heat treatments on the total pore volume, surface area of pores, structural characteristics, and functional groups of the materials which derive from the carbonization and pyrolysis of poultry litter. These processes were carried out in porcelain containers containing poultry litter samples, which were then placed in a muffle furnace. The treatments corresponded to three temperatures: samples carbonized at 250 °C and pyrolyzed at 350 and 450 °C. The surface porosity of biochars provides a suitable dimension to improve the water holding capacity, and surface functional groups may help to improve soil fertility. The influence of the temperatures on the pores of the biochar was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The characterization of the biochar shows mesoporous structures, as well as increased surface area and pore volume. The chemical composition has potassium at higher concentrations than other metals, while similar surface functional groups were found in the biochar, such as phenolic, aliphatic, conjugated quinones, and OH-phenolic. The thermal treatments applied to poultry litter generated samples with similar physical, chemical, and structural characteristics. Thus, the production of biochar by the farmer and its use as a soil conditioner can contribute to the reduction of agricultural pollution, management, and efficient disposal of residual biomass.

Purpose: This article aims to analyze how the practices related to the development of people in startups are configured. Originality/value: Considering that, until then, studies referring to startups focused on their concept, characteristics, and key success factors, this research contributes to filling a gap in the theory, as it presents a people development model suited to the characteristics of startups and, in this way, it makes possible to the founders or managers of startups to use the findings of this research in order to improve their performance. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological aspects of this research are characterized by exploratory and qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews are used as a collection technique in 16 startups. Findings: We observed that in startups: Teamwork is prioritized, the work environment is informal, the development of competencies occurs in the work environment itself through self-development or training provided by specialized professionals or by the leadership, there is flexibility in the time, place, manner in which activities are carried out, and the employee may even act in activities that would not be the responsibility of the position held. Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo visa analisar como se configuram as práticas referentes ao desenvolvimento de pessoas em startups. Originalidade/valor: Considerando que, até então, os estudos referentes às startups focalizavam o seu conceito, as suas características e os seus fatores-chave de sucesso, a pesquisa colabora para suprir uma lacuna na teoria, pois apresenta um modelo de desenvolvimento de pessoas mais adequado às características das startups e, dessa forma, contribui para que os fundadores ou gestores de startups utilizem os achados desta pesquisa para aprimorarem sua atuação. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Caracteriza-se por ser uma pesquisa exploratória e de natureza qualitativa. Para tanto, utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas como técnica de coleta de dados em 16 startups. Resultados: Verificou-se que nas startups prioriza-se o trabalho em equipe, o ambiente de trabalho é informal e o desenvolvimento de competências ocorre no próprio ambiente de trabalho, por meio do autodesenvolvimento ou de treinamentos ministrados pelos profissionais especializados ou pela liderança. Existe flexibilidade no horário, no local, na forma de execução das atividades e o funcionário pode atuar em atividades que não seriam de responsabilidade do cargo exercido.

Producing biochar from poultry litter through slow pyrolysis is a farm-based, value added approach to recycle organic residues. Experiments were conducted to examine how heat treatments affected the final composition of carbonized and pyrolyzed material in relation to immediate analysis and gravimetric yield to assess agronomic performance value. These processes were carried out in porcelain containers containing samples of poultry litter and placed in a muffle furnace. The treatments corresponded to three temperatures: samples carbonized at 250 °C (CPL) and pyrolyzed at 350 and 450 °C (PPL). Samples were analyzed in relation to the volatile content, fixed carbon, ash, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and zero charge point (ZCP). The PPL350 and PPL450 biochars had the highest ash contents and the lowest fixed carbon, moisture and gravimetric yields. The increase in temperatures used in the process resulted in higher pH and electrical conductivity values. In addition, the ZCP value, with the exception of CPL250, showed the presence of negative charges on the surface of the biochars.

Background Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) with high-risk features are preferably treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. Studies have shown clinicopathologic characteristics that may predict more stages required for clearance. However, few studies have correlated such factors with the number of millimeters removed per stage. Objective To determine margins necessary for BCC clearance according to tumor features, especially for tumors less than 6 mm, and to suggest initial margins for Mohs micrographic surgery and margins for wide local excision. Methods Retrospective analysis of 295 consecutive Mohs micrographic surgeries for primary BCCs. Variables analyzed included patient age, sex, immunostatus, lesion size, location, histologic subtype, borders, stage number, and millimeters excised per stage. Results BCCs less than 6 mm had a clearance rate of 96% with 3-mm margins. In adjusted multivariable analysis, superficial, micronodular, infiltrative, and morpheaform subtypes were associated with larger margins, whereas clinically well-defined tumors were associated with smaller margins. Limitations Because of the limited sample of certain subtypes, a 3-mm margin is better suited for nodular tumors. Conclusion These data help guide initial Mohs micrographic surgery and wide local excision margins required for tumor clearance according to tumor features. Nodular BCCs less than 6 mm may be cleared with 3-mm margins instead of the current 4-mm margin recommendation.

The CLASP2 (Chromospheric LAyer SpectroPolarimeter 2) sounding rocket mission was launched on 2019 April 11. CLASP2 measured the four Stokes parameters of the Mg II h & k spectral region around 2800 Angstroms along a 200 arcsecond slit at three locations on the solar disk, achieving the first spatially and spectrally resolved observations of the solar polarization in this near ultraviolet region. The focus of the work presented here is the center-to-limb variation of the linear polarization across these resonance lines, which is produced by the scattering of anisotropic radiation in the solar atmosphere. The linear polarization signals of the Mg II h & k lines are sensitive to the magnetic field from the low to the upper chromosphere through the Hanle and magneto-optical effects. We compare the observations to theoretical predictions from radiative transfer calculations in unmagnetized semi-empirical models, arguing that magnetic fields and horizontal inhomogeneities are needed to explain the observed polarization signals and spatial variations. This comparison is an important step in both validating and refining our understanding of the physical origin of these polarization signatures, and also in paving the way toward future space telescopes for probing the magnetic fields of the solar upper atmosphere via ultraviolet spectropolarimetry., 14 pages, 5 figures, to be published in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ), initially submitted May 2022, revised submission July 2022

Background Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a type of primary systemic vasculitis that affects various organs, especially the lungs and kidneys. However, few reports regarding cardiac features of MPA patients were found. Purpose We aim to investigate the echocardiographic parameters of acute-phase MPA. Methods and results This single-center retrospective study included 15 patients with MPA (Mean age at 72.2±7.1 years, women 73.3%) who underwent echocardiography within two weeks of commencing steroid therapy for induction or reinduction. The echocardiography parameters of the patients were compared with those of 30 age and sex-matched controls. In the MPA group, the commonly affected organs were kidneys (93.3%) and lungs (46.7%); 5 patients (33.3%) had a history of hypertension, which had a similar frequency as the control group. No significant difference in left ventricular (LV) diameter, LV ejection fraction, e', or inferior vena cava diameter was observed between the two groups. However, the MPA group showed significantly higher left atrial (LA) diameter (p=0.033) and LA volume index (p=0.001), as well as higher early diastolic filling velocity (E-wave, p=0.015; E/A, p=0.043; E/e', p=0.041), diastolic pulmonary venous flow velocity (p=0.013), trans-tricuspid pressure gradient (p=0.019), and shorter deceleration time (p=0.038), associated with mildly thicker ventricular walls of left ventricle (LV) than the control group. Moreover, serum levels of C-reactive protein showed significant correlation between E wave (r=0.58, p=0.023), E/A (r=0.67, p=0.006), and deceleration time (r=−0.69, p=0.005) in the MPA group. These results may indicate that in MPA, increased LV stiffness, rather than impairment of LV relaxation was contributed to LV diastolic function, resulting in LA enlargement. Conclusion Patients with acute-phase MPA had LA dilatation associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. This finding indicates the importance of cardiac assessment in patients with MPA. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The current study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of receiving post-amputation physical therapy (PT) on individuals' self-reported functional outcomes and quality of life in middle-aged to older adults with lower limb amputation (LLA). Further, we qualitatively explored the patients' perception and experience of PT post-amputation. We assessed participants' functional outcomes using Short-Form Health Survey, Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire-Physical Mobility portion, and Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire. Furthermore, participants' experience and perception to PT were assessed through in-person interviews guided by the custom Amputation Patient Perception Survey. Functional outcome scores were compared between participants who have (Yes-PT) and have not (No-PT) received PT following their amputations, controlling for age. Perception to PT was qualitatively analyzed. Out of the 70 participants, 56 had received PT (80%) following amputation. Functional outcome scores were not significantly different between Yes-PT and No-PT groups. Among participants in the Yes-PT group, 84% expressed overall positive perception toward their post-amputation PT care. Main positive and negative perceptions were related to outcome/benefits and unfulfilled needs/lack of benefits, respectively. Participants with LLA generally expressed a positive perception of PT. However, no significant long-term benefits were found. We recommend goal-directed intervention with patient engagement to improve care experience.

Variations in isotopic abundance provide useful information for various scientific fields. Herein we performed a feasibility study by non-destructive isotopic analysis of negative muons. We irradiated two lead plate samples, one with the natural isotopic composition and one enriched with 208Pb, with negative muons and observed the gamma rays from 208Tl with a half-life of 3 min generated via muon absorption by 208Pb during muon irradiation. The isotopic abundance of 208Pb in natPb was successfully determined without sample destruction from the gamma ray intensity to be 69%, which agreed well with the mass spectrometry results.

Elemental isotopic ratios are measured in various research fields and provide useful information regarding age, origin, geological and biological activities, ancient climate, etc. Here, we report a new isotopic analysis method without sample destruction using muon-induced characteristic X-rays. We demonstrated this method by conducting muon-beam irradiation experiments on two Pb plates with different isotopic ratios: natural isotopic composition and artificially enriched 208Pb. The observed broad X-ray peaks of the Pb Kα line around 6 MeV were deconvolved with 206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb isotopes, giving the isotopic ratios. The resulting isotopic ratios were consistent with those obtained from mass spectrometry.

The role of valence electrons for the muon capture process by molecules is experimentally investigated with the aid of cascade calculations. Low-momentum muons are introduced to gas targets of CO, CO2, and COS below atmospheric pressure. The initial states of captured muons are determined from the measured muonic X-ray structure of the Lyman and Balmer series. We propose that the lone pair electrons in the carbon atom of CO significantly contribute to the capture of a muon with large angular momenta.

A terpolymer, poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide-co-allyl glycidyl ether) (P(EO/PO/AGE)), was reacted with linear mono-functional hydride-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-SiH) to obtain PDMS-grafted-polyether (PDMS-g-P(EO/PO/AGE)) by hydrosilylation. Three polyelectrolytes were prepared based on PDMS-g-P(EO/PO/AGE). Best result was obtained when 8wt% of PDMS was introduced onto polyether. Cyclic voltammetry measurement of the PDMS-g-P(EO/PO/AGE polyelectrolytes showed improvement of oxidative stability.

Per-atom muon capture ratios are precisely determined from characteristic muonic X-ray measurements of three nitrogen oxide samples (NO, N2O, and NO2) at pressures below 100 kPa. A higher density of covalent electrons at the N atoms relative to the O atoms is required if we explain the experimental results using the proposed muon capture models. From molecular orbit calculations, we found that the electron distributions of only the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) are dominant at the N atoms, and the electrons in the HOMO significantly contribute to the muon capture phenomena in the nitrogen oxide molecules.

International audience; During three winter seasons from November 2016 to March 2019, 11 gamma ray glows were detected at a single observation site of our ground based gamma ray monitoring network in Kanazawa, Japan. These events are analyzed with observations of an X band radar network, a ceilometer, a disdrometer, and a weather monitor. All the detected glows were connected to convective high reflectivity regions of more than 35 dBZ, developed up to an altitude of >2 km. They were also accompanied by heavy precipitation of graupels. Therefore, graupels in the lower layer of thunderclouds that correspond to high reflectivity regions can form strong electric fields producing gamma ray glows. Also, these events are compared with a limited sample of nondetection cases, but no significant differences in meteorological conditions were found between detection and nondetection cases in the present study.

Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) of lead halide perovskites have generated considerable interest in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, such as light emitting-diodes (LEDs), because of their tunable optical bandgap, narrow spectral width, and high defect tolerance. However, the inhomogeneous halide distribution within individual NCs remains a critical challenge in order to obtain color-stable electroluminescence in mixed-halide systems. Here, we demonstrate a new post-synthetic approach, ligand-assisted solid phase synthesis (LASPS), for the preparation of electroluminescent colloidal NCs of methylammonium (MA) lead halide perovskites, at room temperature. The slow reaction kinetics preserves the morphology, size, and shape in the resulting NCs whose emission covers the entire visible spectral region with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs) of up to >90% and colloidal stability up to several months. The LEDs fabricated using the prepared mixed-halide NCs display narrowband electroluminescence (EL) ranging from 476 to 720 nm. The optimized red LEDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency, ηext, of up to 2.65%, with the CIE 1931 color coordinates of (0.705, 0.290), nearly identical to those of the red primary in the recommendation (rec.) 2020 standard (0.708, 0.292)., We have developed a new post-synthetic approach, ligand-assisted solid phase synthesis (LASPS), to tune the optical properties of colloidal methylammonium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals with color-pure electroluminescence.

The Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory carries a 1 m aperture optical telescope and provides us a unique platform to conduct continuous seeing-free observations at UV-visible-IR wavelengths from an altitude of higher than 35 km. For the next flight planned for 2022, the post-focus instrumentation is upgraded with new spectro- polarimeters for the near UV (SUSI) and the near-IR (SCIP), whereas the imaging spectro-polarimeter Tunable Magnetograph (TuMag) is capable of observing multiple spectral lines within the visible wavelength. A new spectro-polarimeter called the Sunrise Chromospheric Infrared spectroPolarimeter (SCIP) is under development for observing near-IR wavelength ranges of around 770 nm and 850 nm. These wavelength ranges contain many spectral lines sensitive to solar magnetic fields and SCIP will be able to obtain magnetic and velocity structures in the solar atmosphere with a sufficient height resolution by combining spectro-polarimetric data of these lines. Polarimetric measurements are conducted using a rotating waveplate as a modulator and polarizing beam splitters in front of the cameras. The spatial and spectral resolutions are 0.2" and 2 105, respectively, and a polarimetric sensitivity of 0.03 % (1σ) is achieved within a 10 s integration time. To detect minute polarization signals with good precision, we carefully designed the opto-mechanical system, polarization optics and modulation, and onboard data processing.

We report the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity function of $g$-dropout galaxies in 177 protocluster candidates (PC UVLF) at $z\sim4$ selected in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Comparing with the UVLF of field galaxies at the same redshift, we find that the PC UVLF shows a significant excess towards the bright-end. This excess can not be explained by the contribution of only active galactic nuclei, and we also find that this is more significant in higher dense regions. Assuming that all protocluster members are located on the star formation main sequence, the PC UVLF can be converted into a stellar mass function. Consequently, our protocluster members are inferred to have a 2.8 times more massive characteristic stellar mass than that of the field Lyman break galaxies at the same redshift. This study, for the first time, clearly shows that the enhancement in star formation or stellar mass in overdense regions can generally be seen as early as at $z\sim4$. We also estimate the star formation rate density (SFRD) in protocluster regions as $\simeq 6-20\%$ of the cosmic SFRD, based on the measured PC UVLF after correcting for the selection incompleteness in our protocluster sample. This high value suggests that protoclusters make a non-negligible contribution to the cosmic SFRD at $z\sim4$, as previously suggested by simulations. Our results suggest that protoclusters are essential components for the galaxy evolution at $z\sim4$., Comment: 22 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

An on‐ground observation program for high energy atmospheric phenomena in winter thunderstorms along Japan Sea has been performed via measurements of gamma‐ray radiation, atmospheric electric field and low‐frequency radio band. On February 11, 2017, the radiation detectors recorded gamma‐ray emission lasting for 75 sec. The gamma‐ray spectrum extended up to 20 MeV and was reproduced by a cutoff power‐law model with a photon index of urn:x-wiley:grl:media:grl57457:grl57457-math-0001, being consistent with a Bremsstrahlung radiation from a thundercloud (as known as a gamma‐ray glow and a thunderstorm ground enhancement). Then the gamma‐ray glow was abruptly terminated with a nearby lightning discharge. The low‐frequency radio monitors, installed ∼50 km away from the gamma‐ray observation site recorded leader development of an intra/inter‐cloud discharge spreading over ∼60 km area with a ∼300 ms duration. The timing of the gamma‐ray termination coincided with the moment when the leader development of the intra/inter‐cloud discharge passed 0.7 km horizontally away from the radiation monitors. The intra/inter‐cloud discharge started ∼15 km away from the gamma‐ray observation site. Therefore, the glow was terminated by the leader development, while it did not trigger the lightning discharge in the present case., 雷雲に隠れた天然の加速器を雷が破壊する瞬間を捉えた --放射線・大気電場・電波による高エネルギー大気現象の観測--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2018-05-29.

Multi-stage pumps used for boiler water supply of thermal power plants have large capacity and pressure. Fluctuations may cause vibration and noise in pumps, piping systems, and surrounding structures. Lots of studies have been conducted on the pressure fluctuation phenomenon of turbopump piping systems. Some of the factors are the rotor-stator interaction, a resonance between the fluid in the pipe and, excitation source and resonance between structure and pump operation. Besides, studies on mitigation method for pressure fluctuations have been conducted. Inserting orifice to add damping, adjusting the length of pipe to change resonance frequency and, installing resonator to mitigate a specific frequency. However, these studies have not quantified the solution to the pressure fluctuations, so further research is needed to elucidate the causes and establish countermeasures quantitatively. In this study, pressure fluctuations due to acoustic resonance are generated by using a speaker. An orifice, a bent tube, and a branch pipe are installed at the node and antinode of the secondary pressure standing wave in the pipe, and the effects on the standing wave are observed. Moreover, the mitigation method for the pressure standing wave is established by performing a sweep test. Numerical analysis is conducted by AMESim to validate the results of experiment. It is clarified that by inserting the orifice at the appropriate position of a standing wave, pressure fluctuations are mitigated. In the case of branch pipe, pressure fluctuations are effectively mitigated by inserting it having appropriate pipe length and boundary condition.

We present the near-infrared high resolution imaging of an extremely dense group of galaxies at the core of the protocluster at $z=3.09$ in the SSA22 field by using the adaptive optics AO188 and the Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (IRCS) on Subaru Telescope. Wide morphological variety of them suggests their on-going dramatic evolutions. One of the two quiescent galaxies (QGs), the most massive one in the group, is a compact elliptical with an effective radius $r_{e} = 1.37\pm0.75$ kpc. It supports the two-phase formation scenario of giant ellipticals today that a massive compact elliptical is formed at once and evolves in the size and stellar mass by series of mergers. Since this object is a plausible progenitor of a brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of one of the most massive clusters today, it requires strong size ($\ga10$) and stellar mass ($\sim$ four times by $z=0$) growths. Another QG hosts an AGN(s) and is fitted with a model composed from an nuclear component and S\'ersic model. It shows spatially extended [O{\footnotesize III}]$\lambda$5007 emission line compared to the continuum emission, a plausible evidence of outflows. Massive star forming galaxies (SFGs) in the group are two to three times larger than the field SFGs at similar redshift. Although we obtained the $K$-band image deeper than the previous one, we found no candidate new members. This implies a physical deficiency of low mass galaxies with stellar mass $M_{\star}\la4\times10^{10}~M_{\odot}$ and/or poor detection completeness of them owing to their diffuse morphologies., Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, MNRAS accepted

Background and aims In general, the indication of the ganglion impar block is considered to be the anal pain and the perineal pain. We experienced accidentally that the ganglion impar block performed for anal pain was effective for the pain caused by pubic bone metastasis. Furthermore, we used this block for the pain caused by pubic bone metastasis and it was effective. Methods The ganglion impar block was performed for 4 cancer patients, all with cancer pain caused by pubic bone metastasis. The ganglion impar block with 3 ml of 1%mepivacaine was performed at first. After successful good effects with local analgesic were obtain, neurolytic block were performed, by two times of radiofrequency thermocoagulation (at 90 degrees Celsius for 180 seconds) and injection of 3 ml of absolute alcohol. Results All were female cancer patients from 58- to 72-years-old. In three patients, NRS pain score was decreased, from mean NRS of 9.3(9/10–10/10) to mean NRS of 1.6(0/10–3/10). One patient obtained analgesic effect, which was reduced the frequency for rescue dosage, from five times per day to one time per day. Conclusions The ganglion impar block may provide a good analgesic effect on pain caused by the pubic bone metastasis.

The Ultra Fine Sun Sensor (UFSS) on board the HINODE solar observing satellite is one of the most successful sun sensors. It is the linear CCD sun sensor with a special detection method using multiple slits, called the periodic reticle. The angular resolution of 0.14 arcsec in the noise equivalent angle (NEA) and 1 arcsec stability were achieved by the sensor head, of 1.2 kg weight. The concept of the detection method and processing algorithm of the Sun’s direction is described. The system is modeled and the dynamic response of the system is characterized by the first-order lag system. By utilizing this characteristic, a resolution improvement three times higher can be expected by adjusting the parameters with a small modification to the HINODE UFSS processing algorithm. The design for a new UFSS for the next generation solar observation satellite, SOLAR-C, shall include these modifications. The thermomechanical design is also reviewed to improve stability and a design policy is obtained.

To predict the spring back after hot stamping of sheet metals, a user material routine incorporated with phase transformation effects has been developed and implemented in general-purpose commercial finite element software. The mechanical response of the metallographic structure incorporates variation of transformation plastic strain and transformation volume expansion. Additionally, the thermal response incorporates the dependencies of thermal properties and latent heat of phase transformation. The start timing of diffusive transformation was determined using Scheil’s law, and the Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation was adopted for the progression of diffusive transformation. The Koistinen and Marburger equation was used for the progression of martensite transformation. Using the developed model, we considered the effects of phase transformation on shape fixability. We conducted experiments that focused on measuring the shape fixability of U-bend hot formed parts. In this study, we show that the spring back of the U-bend parts increases under conditions in which phase transformation occurs before formation has been completed. Furthermore, the spring back could accurately predict by using the developed model.

Introduction Japanese medical students spend their school days under a dense curriculum. It is often difficult to maintain their healthy lifestyle. After graduation, most of them participate in clinical training programs as residents. It is also difficult to maintain a normal life because they are engaged in different specialized departments every few months. Such an environment is considered prone to mental health problems. In fact, one in four residents are reported to be newly depressed two months after the start of clinical training (Maeno T, et al. 2008). These mental health issues are thought to be affected by changes in daily life, but it is difficult to know such changes. In order to investigate changes in their daily lives, we developed a data collection system related to mental health via the Internet. Methods The subjects were 22 medical students who graduated from our university in March 2017. They were asked to wear activity tracker wrist bands from December 2016. They were also asked to answer the questionnaire on a web site every week as much as possible, and the responses were collected via the Internet together with the activity data. The first eight months of the observation period, including four months before the start of clinical training and four month after the start of clinical training, are divided into four quarters every two months, and the averaged sleep time and responses to the questionnaire in each period were investigated. Results The average number of days that the sleep was effectively recorded during each two months was 28–48. The average number of responses to the questionnaire during each two months was 6.0–7.2. Conclusion Residents in the initial clinical training period should be very busy, but the system we have developed seems to have worked well with them for the first four months after the start of clinical training. Whether this system would work as well a longer period is a further problem. Support This study is supported by KAKENHI 16K01753.

This article presents preliminary results of an experimental study of the upper-part load instability and the associated elliptical form of the cavitation vortex rope in a Francis turbine draft tube. The influence of the operating parameters on the onset and the development of the instability is first briefly studied by pressure measurements in the draft tube. Visualizations of the cavitation vortex rope and its associated elliptical form are performed by using two synchronized high-speed cameras spaced by an angle of 90°. This allows to reconstruct the instantaneous position of the vortex center along the draft tube. It is confirmed that using a single camera leads to biased estimations of the cavitation volume fluctuations. The breathing behaviour of the vortex rope, responsible for the pressure pulsations according to several authors, cannot be definitely demonstrated without a proper reconstruction of the vortex shape based on high-speed videos from several positions. Finally, unique intermittent collapses of cavitation in the vortex center, giving rise to two distinct cavities connecting on both sides the vortex rope, are highlighted.