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In order to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus biofertilizers on photosynthetic pigments, grain yield, yield components and grain protein content of two pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties under different irrigation regimes; a split-split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at a field in Farsan, southwestern Iran, in 2021. The main plots were allocated to irrigation treatments including: irrigation after 50, 75 and 100 mm (I1, I2 and I3, respectively) cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan and the sub plots were allocated to different sources of biofertilizers treatments including: control (no biofertilizer application), Azotobarvar-1(nitrogen), Phosphatebarvar-2 (phosphorus) and Azotobarvar-1 + Phosphatebarvar-2 (nitrogen + phosphorus). Sub-sub plots were allocated to two varieties of peas (Majarestani and Wolfholland). Results showed that in Majarestani variety mild drought stress increased chlorophyll a and b contents, but severe drought stress decreased them. In Wolfholland variety, both mild and severe drought stress decreased chlorophyll a and b contents. In both varieties, mild drought stress increased carotenoid contents, but severe drought stress decreased them. Biofertilizers were effective in improving chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents, particularly under drought stress conditions. The drought stress reduced the grain yield and yield components of both pea varieties but application of biofertilizers moderated the effects of drought stress. The highest value of grain yield was obtained from the Majarestani variety when grown under full irrigation conditions (I1) and nitrogen biofertilizer application. Under the mild and severe drought stress (I2 and I3), the highest value of grain yield was obtained from Majarestani variety in the presence of phosphorus and nitrogen + phosphorus biofertilizer application, respectively. Majarestani variety outranked the Wolfholland in terms of pods/plant, grain/pod and grain yield under both stress and normal conditions, but the latter variety indicated a greater 1000-grain weight. Therefore, Majarestani variety is a more suitable cultivar, particularly under drought stress conditions. Grain protein percentage was not affected by variety. The highest percentage of grain protein content was achieved with I2 irrigation and nitrogen + phosphorus biofertilizer treatments, averaged over the examined varieties. To conclude, given the prevalence of water scarcity in the semi-arid regions of Iran’s type, further examinations of more drought resistant varieties such as Majarestani and application of biofertilizers may prove suitable for reducing the adverse effects of drought stress.

Introduction Plant size control is one of the most important factors in the production of ornamental plants. Plant size can be limited by a variety of methods, including genetic control, environmental conditions, and the use of plant growth retardants. Lily (Lilium sp.) is one of the most important cut flowers with different species and cultivars. Some lilies can grow up to one meter in height. Usually the appropriate height of the stem for pot use is 40-30 cm, which is achieved by using growth regulators. This study aimed to investigate the role of uniconazole and cycocel to control height, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Lilium.Materials and Methods This study was carried out in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design. Uniconazole (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1) and cycocel (0, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1) were the first factor and application methods of the above compounds (immersion application and foliar application) was the second factor. Disease-free bulbs (with a circumference of 15 cm) Lily (Longifiorum × Asistic cv. Eyeliner) was purchased from Saei Gol Company in Tehran. To apply the immersion treatment, the bulbs were immersed in a solution of cycocel (CCC) and uniconazole (UN) for 7 minutes before planting. Then they were planted in plastic pots. In foliar spraying treatments, the bulbs were first planted in pots and when the stem height reached 10 cm, they were sprayed with CCC and UN. Water was used for control treatment. Leaf number, plant height, total chlorophyll, total phenol, flower diameter, enzyme activity (PPO, GPX or CAT) and time of budding were measured. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and mean comparisons were analyzed by the least significant difference test.Results and Discussion The effect of growth retardant, the application method and their interaction was significant on stem height. The shortest plants were observed in foliage application of 10 mg L-1 UN which was not significantly different from the concentration of 10 mg L-1 UN in immersion method. The mechanism of growth retardants is to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins. Therefore, they act as anti-gibberellins to reduce plant height. Uniconazole inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellins by blocking kaurene oxidase, a P450 enzyme. The largest diameter of lily flowers was observed in immersion application of 1500 mg L-1 CCC however, there was no significant difference between flower diameter of mentioned treatment with immersion method of 1000 mg L-1 CCC and foliar application of 10 mg L-1 UN. Growth retardants increase endogenous cytokinin levels, resulting in increased cell division and improved flower growth and flower diameter. The effect of growth retardant on number of leaves was significant. The highest numbers of leaves were observed in 1000 and 1500 mg L-1 CCC. The effect of growth retardant, the application method and their interaction was significant on chlorophyll and phenol contents. The highest chlorophyll content was observed in immersion application of 10 mg L-1 UN. Growth retardants appear to increase chlorophyll content due to increased cytokines. The results of this study showed an increase in total phenol in plants treated with uniconazole 10 mg L-1. Growth retardants have been reported to increase phenol content by increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses. Catalase enzyme activity was significantly affected by growth retardant. The highest activity of CAT enzyme was related to CCC at 1500 mg L-1. The effect of growth retardant and their interaction was significant on GPX enzyme activity. The highest enzyme activity was obtained in plants sprayed with 1000 mg L-1 CCC. Growth retardants have been reported to increase enzyme activity, causing plant resistance to environmental stresses and delaying lipid peroxidation and membrane degradation.Conclusion Considering that one of the most important goals in the present study was the production of dwarf lilium, it can be said that uniconazole 10 mg L-1 (foliar application and immersion) had a significant effect in controlling stem height compared to other treatments. The effect of this treatment on other traits such as flower diameter, total chlorophyll and total phenol was also significant. The time of budding, leaf number and activity of CAT and GPX enzymes was better in cycocel treatment with a concentration of 1500 mg L-1. Therefore, the use of uniconazole can be recommended for the production of dwarf plants, considering that it works better in two important traits, including controlling stem height and increasing flower diameter. It is also suggested that since the cycocel treatment was effective in increasing enzymatic activity, the effect of this treatment on plant resistance to environmental stresses should be investigated.

MgO nanoparticles (NPs) and carbon dots (C-dots) were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal techniques. In the next step, as-synthesized NPs were modified by C-dots. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was conjugated with MgO/Cdots. Finally, Doxorubicin (Dox) as an anticancer drug was loaded on MgO/Cdots/PEG nanocomposites. The XRD pattern showed the characteristic peaks of C-dots and MgO. The FTIR spectrum showed that MgO/C-dots possessed the carboxyl functional groups, allowing DOX to be loaded onto MgO/C-dots/PEG through hydrogen bonds. The particle size of MgO, C-dots, MgO/C-dots, and MgO/C-dots/PEG/DOX was 20–30, 5–10, 30–40, and 100–130 nm, respectively, using TEM, DLS, and FESEM techniques. MgO, MgO/C-dots, and MgO/C-dots/DOX were fluorescent NPs when excited by a UV source. Anthracene and methylene blue were used as fluorescent probes to identify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by UV excitation. The activity of MgO/C-dots and MgO/C-dots/DOX against colorectal cancer (C26) cells, after repeated 5-min illumination with both UV-light and red light LEDs, were measured by MTT assay. C26 cancer cells incubated with DOX-loaded MgO/C-dots and exposed to either wavelength (UV and red) killed ∼70% of cells. The green synthesized nanocomposites could act as anti-cancer photosensitizers probably by a photocatalytic mechanism.

One challenge in preparing polymer/ceramic composites is non-uniform ceramic particles distribution in a polymer matrix. This research evaluated the effect of stirring time and temperature on hydroxyapatite (HA) distribution through (polylactic acid) PLA matrix. Therefore, to mix the ceramic suspension with the polymer solution, three temperatures, namely 25, 37, and 45°C and four times including 6, 12, 24 and, 48 h were examined. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used to investigate the bonds, which showed physical bond formation such as carboxyl-calcium-carboxyl between HA and polymer matrix, influenced on particles distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to observe particles distribution and determine samples homogeneity. To fulfill this goal, each obtained photograph representing the calcium presentation was split into nine equal sections, and a method based on the newly defined index called dispersion factor “α” was used to analyze the distribution. Results showed that the sample prepared at 37°C and 48 h had the topmost homogeneity properties.

The main purpose of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is to choose the most suitable and the most affordable mix of bitumen and aggregates, so that it can maintain the technical properties of the asphalt concrete in certain amounts. Different methods have been suggested for mixing the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) including the Marshall method, the modified Marshall method, Hveem method, and the Superpave mixing method. Concurrently, the project of mixing Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) in Iran is done based on the Marshall method and the modified Marshall method. Regarding the weaknesses of the asphalt mixes in different situations, the engineers try to modify and improve the properties of the asphalt mix by use of different additives. On the other hand, the additional expenses of various additives to the asphalt mix for building one kilometer of the road is a negative parameter. However, by use of the additives, the technical properties of the asphalt mix improve. Therefore, to decide on a proper choice out of the alternatives would be a difficult task. This paper, tries to provide an appropriate method for evaluating and choosing the best alternative by taking into consideration all the technical criteria. In this article, we first evaluate the score and the weight of each alternative in each criterion. Then, the weight of each criterion is evaluated using the best-worst method, and eventually, taking all aspects into consideration, the rankings of different alternatives will be determined based on two situations: certain situation and uncertain situation.

In order to study the effects of foliar application of potassium (K) and boron (B) and dificit irrigation treatments on quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Field of Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran, in 2019. The main plots were allocated to irrigation treatments including: irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm (I1, I2 and I3, respectively) cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan and the sub plots were allocated to fertilizer treatments in the form of foliar sparying including: control (no fertilizer application), K, B and B + K. The greatest sugar content was obtained from the I2 irrigation treatment and B spraying, which did not have significant difference with I1 irrigation and B+K treatments. Although I2 irrigation treatment increased the sugar content compared to I1 irrigation treatment, however it decreased the white sugar yield probably due to decreased root yield and increased root impurities and consequently drought-associated increase in sugar molasses. The greatest shoot fresh weight, root diameter and single root dry weight were observed in I1 irrigation and B+K treatments. The lowest amount of harmful nitrogen and sugar molasses were obtained under full irrigation conditions and spraying of K and B+K, respectively. Since the highest yield of white sugar was obtained under full irrigation conditions and spraying of B + K, it indicates that drought stress should be avoided during growth and development stages of sugar beet. Given the ever-increasing threat of drought to the sugar beet cropping areas of Iran, foliar application of B and K can be considered as an approach to reduce the effects of drought stress and improve the qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet.

In this work, a shear-driven two-phase particulate flow of monodispersed and polydispersed granular materials has been studied experimentally and numerically as a function of solids concentration and restitution coefficients for different operating speeds N (70 -130 rpm) in a lab-scale rotor-stator agglomeration reactor. A coupled computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) model was developed consisting of a steady-state flow field of the continuous phase coupled to a transient particle tracking of the discrete phase. This was achieved via a one-way coupling between the continuous and the discrete phase by including the effect of drag, lift, pressure gradient, virtual mass forces, as well as granular collisional forces in describing the particle-particle, particle-wall and the fluid-particle interactions. The spatiotemporal evolution of the flow pattern, discrete phase properties, and influence of the operating conditions on the granular properties were characterized. The validation of the numerical model developed in this study was carried out based on the theoretical analysis of the rotor-stator flow and the PIV flow measurements. The results showed that the particle sizes were uniformly distributed within the reactor after steady-state conditions, while a small region of high particle concentration was observed near the rotor due to low vorticity and turbulent intensity around the region. In terms of the operating conditions, the restitution coefficients and the operating speeds do not have a significant influence on the granular properties apart from the small region around the shaft where there is a correlation between these parameters. The particle sizes, however, show a positive correlation with the granular properties. Also, a wider particle size distribution was observed axially towards the stator, which might be attributed to the pumping effect of the Batchelor flow in this direction. It was also concluded that the discrete phase velocity does not seem to vary significantly with the restitution coefficients. Furthermore, the vertical velocity and vorticity profiles give a reasonably good agreement between the CFPD model predictions and PIV measurements. The minor observed deviations were mainly due to some of the experimental limitations rather than the robustness of the CFPD model or the numerical code.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom scale-interview for DSM-5 (PSS-I-5) in military personnel involved in warfare. Instrument & Methods: This was a validation study. A descriptive research method was used. The participants in this study consisted of 287 veterans with PTSD who referred to (505 Army Psychiatric Hospital) selected using the availability sampling method. The instruments used in this study included the PSS-I-5 scale as the main research tools, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) assessed the convergent validity, and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (‏PCL-M-5‎‏) and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for ‎DSM-5 (CAPS-5) were also used to measure simultaneous validity. The data were analyzed using the correlation coefficient and the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha methods. Findings: The results demonstrated that Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of the PSS-I-5 scale was at a desirable level (α=0.91). PSS-I-5 had good convergent and divergent validity. The sensitivity of PSS-I-5 was equal to 0.97%, and its specificity was obtained to be 0.62%. Further, the analysis of the results revealed that PSS-I-5 could differentiate between sick and healthy individuals. Conclusion: The PSS-I-5 scale has desirable reliability and validity for military personnel participating in the war and can be used to identify and screen military personnel involved in warfare and military missions.

In this study, the corrosion and mechanical behavior of zirconium hydride on zirconium alloys in 1% LiOH solution were studied. The electrochemical method was used to create the hydride phase. In this method, the hydrogen atoms were surface-adsorbed, followed by penetration into the bulk, causing the formation of the Zirconium-hydride phase. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies were done to investigate the hydride microstructure. Results of XRD and SEM observations confirmed the formation of the hydride phase. According to the crystallographic parameters, the volume of the hydride primitive unit-cell (i.e. for one Zirconium atom) is approximately 12% larger than that of the metallic phase, creating micro-cracks once formed. Therefore, this phase was observed as cracks in the microstructure. Besides, the formation of cracks significantly reduces mechanical properties and increases the corrosion rate due to the ionic and electronic changes in the oxide layer (about 80 times). Results of the atomic simulation showed the initial preferential growth of the cracks was due to the anisotropy of the eigenstrain of the hydride phase which was attributed to the volumetric difference between the hydride phase and the zirconium matrix. Atomistic simulations also show that the formation and growth of the crack occurred in the α-Zr basal planes in the direction with the least elastic energy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of leaching on the reduction of soybean (Glycin max), black cumin (Nigella sativa), dill (Anethum graveolens) and dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica) residues allelopathy in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2017. The factors consisted of four types of previous plants (soybean, black cumin, dragonhead and dill) and three levels of leaching (without leaching, once leaching and twice leaching). The results showed that the previous plant type and leaching levels had no significant effect on wheat emergence. Leaching reduced the effects of deterioration of soybean, black cumin, dragonhead and dill. The highest rate of emergence was observed with 1.73 seedlings per day for wheat cultivated in soil with dill and dragonhead residues plus once leaching. The greatest root length (24.7 cm) was associated with wheat grown in soils with dragonhead residues plus once leaching. The highest leaf area and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content observed in the wheat grown in the soil with soybean residues plus once leaching. It was concluded that in agroecosystems where autumn wheat is in rotation, it is necessary to avoid wheat cultivation in the presence of soybean, black cumin, and dragonhead and dill residues and to reduce the inhibitory effects of these plants, one stage of leaching must be done before the cultivation of wheat.

This work aimed to study the thermo-electro vibration of a piezoelectric micro-plate resting on the orthotropic foundation. To catch the small-scale effects of the structure, couple-stress theory was employed. Motions of the structure were modelled based upon different shear deformation theories including exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic, parabolic, and forth-order shear defor-mation theories. These modified shear deformation theories are capable of considering transverse shear deformation effects and rotary inertia. Equation of motions are derived with Hamilton’s prin-ciple and to solve these equations an analytical approach is applied. Besides, Effect of different boundary conditions including SSSS, CSSS, CSCS, CCSS and CCCC are investigated. The pre-sent results are validated with the previously published results. In the result section, the influences of various parameters such as increasing temperature, boundary conditions, foundation parameters, thickness ratio, aspect ratio, external volatage, and length scale on the natural frequencies of the plate are illustrated in detail.

In this study nanosized TiO2coatings on the 316L stainless steel substrate were prepared by means of dip-coating technique in which thickness of the coating layer increased byrepeating the coating cycles in two different routes: (I) dipping and drying,respectively, were repeated one, three and five times and finally the dried coated sample was heat treated (single); (II) multiple heat treatment performed after each dipping and drying cycle, respectively.The structural, morphological and optical characterizations of coatings as well as thickness of coatings were systematically studied.The photocatalytic activity of the various TiO2 coatings was investigated based on the degradation of an aqueous solution of Methyl orange.Moreover, thecorrosion protective properties of coatings were evaluated in both dark and UV illumination conditions based on the obtained polarization curves. The results indicated 1.75 times improvement in photocatalytic reaction rate constant, a two orders of magnitude decrease in corrosion current density in dark condition and about 140 mV electrode potential reduction under UV illumination with optimum coating preparation procedure, repeating the cycle from dipping to heat treatment three times, than the sample prepared with one time coating and heat treatment since this procedure provided not only high thickness and defect-free coating but also transparent one.

This paper studies the energy-based approach for ${H_\infty } $ controller design of $n $-degree of freedom mechanical systems. In this approach, the Hamiltonian function, which is the sum of kinetic and potential energies of the system, is considered as the Lyapunov function for stability analysis. The stability analysis is done based on the port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) model. In this regard, two theorems are given and proved that the proposed controllers lead to ${H_\infty } $ disturbance attenuation for both absolutely known system model and unknown ones with parametric uncertainties. In the case of parametric uncertainties, the energy-based controller has an adaptive approach. Performance of proposed controllers is illustrated through simulations taken on a 2-link robot manipulator system, which validate the theoretical achievements of this paper.

In this study, the effect of adding different levels of Montmorillonite, on growth indices and some blood factors of rainbow trout frys was investigated. Study carried out during 123 day within 3 experimental treatments,consist of adding different levels of Montmorillonite to the commercial diet with 4 replication in each treatment. In each replication 45pcs of fry with average weight of 500±0.35mlg were distributed. For this study, fiberglass rectangular tanks with 300L capacity, filled with 200L water were used. Frys were fed eight times daily.Weight measurement of frys done each 15 days and blood sampeling from caudal vein was carried out at the end of experimental period. The results showed significant improve in final weight, percentage of weight gain, daily weight gain, SGR and FCR in experimental treatments comparing control (p

S‌t‌r‌e‌a‌m‌i‌n‌g a‌p‌p‌e‌a‌r‌s i‌n a‌l‌m‌o‌s‌t a‌l‌l t‌r‌a‌v‌e‌l‌i‌n‌g w‌a‌v‌e t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌o‌a‌c‌o‌u‌s‌t‌i‌c e‌n‌g‌i‌n‌e‌s a‌n‌d r‌e‌f‌r‌i‌g‌e‌r‌a‌t‌o‌r‌s. T‌h‌i‌s p‌h‌e‌n‌o‌m‌e‌n‌o‌n m‌a‌y i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e o‌r d‌e‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e t‌h‌e e‌f‌f‌i‌c‌i‌e‌n‌c‌y o‌f t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌o‌a‌c‌o‌u‌s‌t‌i‌c d‌e‌v‌i‌c‌e‌s. I‌t s‌h‌o‌u‌l‌d b‌e e‌m‌p‌h‌a‌s‌i‌z‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t p‌r‌o‌p‌e‌r‌l‌y d‌e‌s‌i‌g‌n‌e‌d s‌t‌r‌e‌a‌m‌i‌n‌g m‌a‌y a‌l‌s‌o b‌e u‌s‌e‌d t‌o e‌l‌i‌m‌i‌n‌a‌t‌e t‌h‌e r‌e‌q‌u‌i‌r‌e‌d h‌e‌a‌t e‌x‌c‌h‌a‌n‌g‌e‌r i‌n t‌h‌e a‌b‌o‌v‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌i‌o‌n‌e‌d d‌e‌v‌i‌c‌e‌s. H‌o‌w‌e‌v‌e‌r, i‌n m‌o‌s‌t c‌a‌s‌e‌s, d‌u‌e t‌o t‌h‌e l‌a‌c‌k o‌f t‌h‌e r‌e‌l‌e‌v‌a‌n‌t k‌n‌o‌w‌l‌e‌d‌g‌e, t‌h‌i‌s p‌h‌e‌n‌o‌m‌e‌n‌o‌n i‌s c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌e‌d a‌s a n‌o‌n-p‌r‌e‌f‌e‌r‌r‌e‌d o‌c‌c‌u‌r‌r‌e‌n‌c‌e a‌n‌d a s‌o‌u‌r‌c‌e o‌f s‌e‌c‌o‌n‌d‌a‌r‌y l‌o‌s‌s‌e‌s. T‌h‌e‌r‌m‌a‌l b‌u‌f‌f‌e‌r t‌u‌b‌e s‌e‌p‌a‌r‌a‌t‌e‌s t‌h‌e h‌o‌t a‌n‌d a‌m‌b‌i‌e‌n‌t h‌e‌a‌t e‌x‌c‌h‌a‌n‌g‌e‌r‌s i‌n t‌r‌a‌v‌e‌l‌l‌i‌n‌g-w‌a‌v‌e t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌o‌a‌c‌o‌u‌s‌t‌i‌c e‌n‌g‌i‌n‌e‌s a‌s w‌e‌l‌l a‌s t‌h‌e c‌o‌l‌d a‌n‌d a‌m‌b‌i‌e‌n‌t h‌e‌a‌t e‌x‌c‌h‌a‌n‌g‌e‌r i‌n p‌u‌l‌s‌e-t‌u‌b‌e r‌e‌f‌r‌i‌g‌e‌r‌a‌t‌o‌r‌s. T‌h‌e r‌o‌l‌e o‌f t‌h‌e t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌a‌l b‌u‌f‌f‌e‌r t‌u‌b‌e i‌s t‌o p‌a‌s‌s t‌h‌e a‌c‌o‌u‌s‌t‌i‌c e‌n‌e‌r‌g‌y w‌h‌i‌l‌e m‌i‌n‌i‌m‌i‌z‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e h‌e‌a‌t t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌p‌o‌r‌t d‌u‌e t‌o t‌h‌e b‌o‌u‌n‌d‌a‌r‌y-l‌a‌y‌e‌r e‌n‌t‌r‌o‌p‌y f‌l‌o‌w, h‌e‌a‌t c‌o‌n‌d‌u‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n t‌h‌r‌o‌u‌g‌h t‌h‌e g‌a‌s a‌n‌d t‌h‌e t‌u‌b‌e w‌a‌l‌l‌s, r‌a‌d‌i‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n, a‌n‌d m‌a‌s‌s s‌t‌r‌e‌a‌m‌i‌n‌g. T‌h‌e l‌a‌t‌t‌e‌r i‌s c‌a‌u‌s‌e‌d b‌y f‌i‌n‌i‌t‌e-a‌m‌p‌l‌i‌t‌u‌d‌e a‌c‌o‌u‌s‌t‌i‌c o‌s‌c‌i‌l‌l‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s a‌n‌d c‌a‌n t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌p‌o‌r‌t s‌i‌g‌n‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌n‌t a‌m‌o‌u‌n‌t o‌f h‌e‌a‌t b‌e‌t‌w‌e‌e‌n h‌e‌a‌t e‌x‌c‌h‌a‌n‌g‌e‌r‌s. T‌h‌e h‌e‌a‌t t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌p‌o‌r‌t d‌e‌p‌e‌n‌d‌s o‌n t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e‌s a‌t t‌h‌e e‌n‌d‌s o‌f t‌h‌e t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌a‌l b‌u‌f‌f‌e‌r t‌u‌b‌e. A‌c‌o‌u‌s‌t‌i‌c m‌o‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f g‌a‌s p‌a‌r‌c‌e‌l‌s b‌e‌t‌w‌e‌e‌n n‌e‌a‌r‌l‌y i‌s‌o‌t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌a‌l e‌n‌v‌i‌r‌o‌n‌m‌e‌n‌t i‌n t‌h‌e h‌e‌a‌t e‌x‌c‌h‌a‌n‌g‌e‌r a‌n‌d n‌e‌a‌r‌l‌y a‌d‌i‌a‌b‌a‌t‌i‌c s‌p‌a‌c‌e i‌n t‌h‌e t‌u‌b‌e l‌e‌a‌d‌s t‌o e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e j‌u‌m‌p‌s a‌t t‌h‌e t‌u‌b‌e b‌o‌u‌n‌d‌a‌r‌i‌e‌s.T‌h‌e m‌a‌i‌n g‌o‌a‌l o‌f t‌h‌i‌s p‌a‌p‌e‌r i‌s t‌o n‌u‌m‌e‌r‌i‌c‌a‌l‌l‌y i‌n‌v‌e‌s‌t‌i‌g‌a‌t‌e t‌h‌e p‌e‌r‌i‌o‌d‌i‌c f‌i‌e‌l‌d i‌n t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌a‌l b‌u‌f‌f‌e‌r t‌u‌b‌e‌s w‌i‌t‌h a‌x‌i‌s‌y‌m‌m‌e‌t‌r‌i‌c g‌e‌o‌m‌e‌t‌r‌y o‌f t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌o‌a‌c‌o‌u‌s‌t‌i‌c S‌t‌i‌r‌l‌i‌n‌g h‌e‌a‌t e‌n‌g‌i‌n‌e‌s. T‌h‌e e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t‌s o‌f v‌a‌r‌i‌a‌b‌l‌e g‌e‌o‌m‌e‌t‌r‌y (t‌a‌p‌e‌r‌e‌d a‌n‌d u‌n‌i‌f‌o‌r‌m c‌r‌o‌s‌s-s‌e‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n t‌u‌b‌e) a‌n‌d t‌u‌r‌b‌u‌l‌e‌n‌c‌e o‌n t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌a‌m‌i‌n‌g i‌n‌t‌e‌n‌s‌i‌t‌y i‌n v‌i‌s‌c‌o‌u‌s c‌o‌m‌p‌r‌e‌s‌s‌i‌b‌l‌e o‌s‌c‌i‌l‌l‌a‌t‌i‌n‌g f‌l‌o‌w i‌s s‌t‌u‌d‌i‌e‌d. F‌i‌r‌s‌t, o‌n‌e-d‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s‌i‌o‌n‌a‌l w‌a‌v‌e e‌q‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n R‌o‌t‌t's a‌s‌s‌u‌m‌p‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s i‌n t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌a‌l b‌u‌f‌f‌e‌r t‌u‌b‌e i‌s s‌o‌l‌v‌e‌d b‌y u‌s‌i‌n‌g D‌e‌l‌t‌a‌E‌C s‌o‌f‌t‌w‌a‌r‌e. T‌h‌e, h‌e‌r‌e‌b‌y d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e‌d b‌o‌u‌n‌d‌a‌r‌y a‌n‌d i‌n‌i‌t‌i‌a‌l c‌o‌n‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s a‌r‌e e‌m‌p‌l‌o‌y‌e‌d t‌o i‌n‌v‌e‌s‌t‌i‌g‌a‌t‌e t‌h‌e p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s‌e‌s b‌y a c‌o‌m‌m‌e‌r‌c‌i‌a‌l n‌u‌m‌e‌r‌i‌c‌a‌l s‌o‌l‌v‌e‌r. T‌h‌e s‌i‌m‌u‌l‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌s c‌a‌r‌r‌i‌e‌d o‌u‌t f‌o‌r s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌g‌h‌t a‌n‌d t‌a‌p‌e‌r‌e‌d a‌x‌i‌s‌y‌m‌m‌e‌t‌r‌i‌c t‌u‌b‌e w‌i‌t‌h a p‌r‌e‌s‌s‌u‌r‌e-b‌a‌s‌e‌d P‌I‌S‌O s‌o‌l‌v‌e‌r. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s i‌n‌d‌i‌c‌a‌t‌e t‌h‌a‌t o‌n‌e m‌a‌y c‌o‌n‌t‌r‌o‌l t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌a‌m‌i‌n‌g e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t b‌y c‌h‌a‌n‌g‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e d‌u‌c‌t g‌e‌o‌m‌e‌t‌r‌y. B‌e‌s‌i‌d‌e‌s, i‌t's s‌h‌o‌w‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t t‌u‌r‌b‌u‌l‌e‌n‌c‌e a‌n‌d g‌r‌a‌v‌i‌t‌y h‌a‌v‌e a‌n e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e r‌o‌l‌l i‌n r‌e‌d‌u‌c‌i‌n‌g s‌e‌c‌o‌n‌d‌a‌r‌y f‌l‌o‌w.

Natural gas is considered an important source of energy in the world. By increasing growth of urbanization, urban gas pipelines which transmit natural gas from transmission pipelines to consumers, will become a dense network. The increase in the density of urban pipelines will influence probability of occurring bad accidents in urban areas. These accidents have a catastrophic effect on people and their property. Within the next few years, risk mapping will become an important component in urban planning and management of large cities in order to decrease the probability of accident and to control them. Therefore, it is important to assess risk values and determine their location on urban map using an appropriate method. In the history of risk analysis of urban natural gas pipeline networks, the pipelines has always been considered one by one and their density in urban area has not been considered. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of several pipelines on the risk value of a specific grid point. This paper outlines a quantitative risk assessment method for analysing the risk of urban natural gas pipeline networks. It consists of two main parts: failure rate calculation where the EGIG historical data are used and fatal length calculation that involves calculation of gas release and fatality rate of consequences. We consider jet fire, fireball and explosion for investigating the consequences of gas pipeline failure. The outcome of this method is an individual risk and is shown as a risk map.

Renewable energy has less negative impacts on environment than fossil fuels. Iran has many resources for renewable energy exploitation but because of their high price, it has not been developed. Site selection is an important step for utilizing large investments like solar farms and wind turbines. Multi-criteria evaluation methods are commonly used for site selection. The purpose of this paper is to determine suitable sites for solar farm and wind turbine using GIS and AHP in Tehran, in order to generate a distributed network to increase power network stability. The final land suitability index was grouped in four categories as “most suitable”, “suitable”, “moderate” and “low suitable”. As a result 94.61% (789939.63 km2) is low suitable, 4.47% (37337.17 km2) is moderate, 0.59% (4964.22 km2) is suitable and 0.32% (2680.70 km2) is the most suitable for building wind turbine and for solar farm, 44.07% (8116.88 km2) is low suitable, 12.81% (2359.79 km2) is moderate, 35.10% (6464.29 km2) is suitable and 8.02% (1477.28 km2) is the most suitable.

Urban heat island is one of the most vital environmental risks in urban areas. The advent of remote sensing technology provides better visibility due to the integrated view, low-cost, fast and effective way to study and monitor environmental and humanistic changes. The aim of this study is a spatiotemporal evaluation of land use changes and the heat island in the time period of 1985-2015 for the studied area in the city of Babol. For this purpose, multi-temporal Landsat images were used in this study. For calculating the land surface temperature (LST), single-channel and maximum likelihood algorithms were used, to classify Images. Therefore, land use changes and LST were examined, and thereby the relationship between land-use changes was analyzed with the normalized LST. By using the average and standard deviation of normalized thermal images, the area was divided into five temperature categories, inter alia, very low, low, medium, high and very high and then, the heat island changes in the studied time period were investigated. The results indicate that land use changes for built-up lands increased by 92%, and a noticeable decrease was observed for agricultural lands. The Built-up land changes trend has direct relation with the trend of normalized surface temperature changes. Low and very low-temperature categories which follow a decreasing trend, are related to lands far away from the city. Also, high and very high-temperature categories whose areas increase annually, are adjacent to the city center and exit ways of the town. The results emphasize on the importance of attention of urban planners and managers to the urban heat island as an environmental risk.

Abstract Background The use of preference-elicitation tasks for valuing health states is well established, but little is known about whether these preferences are informed. Preferences may not be informed because individuals with little experience of ill health are asked to value health states. The use of uninformed preferences in cost-effectiveness can result in sub-optimal resource allocation. The aim of this study was to pilot a novel method to assess whether members of the public are informed about health states they value in preference-elicitation tasks. Methods The general public was said to be informed if the expectations of the public about the effect of ill health on people’s lives were in agreement with the experience of patients. Sixty-two members of the public provided their expectations of the consequences of ill health on five life domains (activities, enjoyment, independence, relationships, and avoiding being a burden). A secondary dataset was used to measure patient experience on those five consequences. Results There were differences between the expectations of the public and the experience of patients. For example, for all five life consequences the public underestimated the effects of problems in usual activities compared to problems in mobility. They also underestimated the effect of ‘anxiety or depression’ compared to physical problems on enjoyment of life and on the quality of personal relationships. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study showed that it is possible to test whether preferences are informed. This study should be replicated using a larger sample. The findings suggest that preferences over health states in this sample are not fully informed because the participants do not have accurate expectations about the consequences of ill health. These uninformed preferences may not be adequate for allocation of public resources, and research is needed into methods to make them better informed.

This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013-14 in Qazvin Bu-Ali Sina Hospital. 170 patients with acute myocardial infarction who not receiving thrombolytic therapy entered the study and were analyzed. Medical history, physical examination, twelve lead ECG and cardiac biomarkers were obtained. The mean age of the patients was 63.4±14.4 years (from 19 to 90 years). 110 (64.7%) of the patients were male and 48 (28.2%) were diabetic. 86 (50%) of patients due to late presentation and 47 (28%) due to lack of diagnosis and 29 (17%) due to contraindication and 8 (5%) due to autolysis or coronary spam were not received thrombolytic therapy. We could reduce failure of receiving thrombolytic therapy more than seventy five percent with increasing people's awareness about the symptoms of myocardial infarction and skills of health staff in relation to the proper and timely diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

The use of medicinal herbs plays a vital role in improving the health of human society. Since the plants are the most important transmission route of heavy metals into human food chain and biological cycles, this study was conducted to assess the health risk of concentration of As and Zn in Shirazi thyme, sweet viola, pennyroyal and jujube marketed in Hamedan City during 2015. After preparation of 3 samples of each medicinal plant, the samples were digested in acid according to the standard methods. The concentration of each element in the samples was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in 3 replicates. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical package. The results showed that the maximum mean concentrations of As and Zn were 0.035±0.026 and 1880±520 µg/kg related to thyme and viola, respectively. The results of health index for all samples were found lower than one. Moreover, the mean concentration of As and Zn in all samples were lower than WHO permissible limits. Although controlled consumption of medicinal plants has not adverse effect on the consumers’ health, concerning to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the long-term, regular periodic monitoring of chemical pollutants content especially heavy metals in medicinal plants are recommended for food safety.

In this work firstly CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The temperature, surfactant and capping agent effects on the size of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were investigated. 2-hydroxyacetophenone used as a good capping agent to produce cubic-like nanostructure. When SDBS used as surfactant, particles had spherical morphology. Nanoparticle was studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. We found that the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 20emu/g and a coercivity of 250 Oe. The photocatalytic behavior of CoFe2O4 was studied by the degradation of a methylene blue aqueous solution under ultraviolet light irradiation.

Chilling is an important environmental stress that influences the yield and quality of many agricultural crops. Different plants use different systems to endure this stress and minimize its effects. One of these systems is enzymatic reaction. To find out more about responses of different grapevine species and cultivars to the low temperature conditions, their enzymatic changes were evaluated in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with 3 replication during different periods after chilling stress. Leaf samples of plants under cold stress had been taken and maintained in -80 °C until enzyme extraction. Low temperature around 4 °C is sufficient to induce genes that produce chilling acclimatization proteins. In the present study, leaf samples were collected from the plants that were kept at 4 °C during different time intervals, and then total proteins as well as two main antioxidant enzymes (catalase and guaiacolperoxidase) activities were measured. Results showed that as temperature decreased, enzymatic activities were increased in six Iranian grapevine cultivars (‘Atabaki’, ‘Khalili-Danedar’, ‘Shahroodi’, ‘Rajabi-Siah’, ‘Askari’ and ‘Bidane-Sefid’) as well as ‘Riparia’, an American species. The highest enzymatic activities of catalase and ceroxidase were recorded in ‘Khalili-Danedar’ and ‘Riparia’. However,the lowest activities were recorded in ‘Rajabi-Siah’, ‘Bidane-Sefid’ and ‘Shahroodi’. For all studied cultivars, peroxidase showed its highest activity at 12 h after chilling stress, then remained constant, while, the highest activity of catalase were recorded at 8 h. In addition, cold stress increased the total protein content for all studied cultivars, in which ‘Khalili-Danedar’ had the highest protein content amongstudied cultivars. Also, the highest proteins content were recorded at 12 h after exposing plants to cold.

A critical groundwater (GW) shortage in the Mahvalat Plain (MP) is alarming. As GW is the sole source of freshwater in the area, the objectives of this study are to survey and asses its current status, and to set a strategy for balancing the recharge and withdrawals to achieve the sustainable management of the most precious resource. The mean annual withdrawal and recharge of 48 production wells and 3 strings of aqueducts (Qanats) during the 1665-2008 period were 254 million m3 (Mm3) and 157 Mm3, respectively. This 97 Mm3 annual deficit resulted in the mean annual decline of the water table by 1.35 m during the same period. Chemical analyses of water samples from 48 wells and 3 strings of aqueducts indicate that the electrical conductivity (EC) increased from 0.17 s/m to more than1.5 s/m form the northeastern part of the MP towards its margins. Moreover, salinity, SAR and Sodium percentage of most samples made them unsuitable for irrigation. To achieve a sustainable management of the most precious resource, i.e., water, the solutions include: Restriction of the pumping hours according to the directives of the local water authorities to decrease the mean annual of 121Mm3, Reduction of the irrigated fields by 2/3 of the current practice, Installation of sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, Practicing advanced surface irrigation methods, Amortization of the wells with an EC of more than 0.75s/m of their water by the Government and closing them completely, and installation of smart water meters on the remaining productions wells and their continuous monitoring.

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the scale parameter of exponential distribution after preliminary test when the record values are available. The optimal significance levels based on the minimax regret criterion and the corresponding critical values are obtained. This estimator is illustrated by a numerical example.

Finding pathogenic factors and how they are spread in the environment has become a global demand, recently. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) created by Leishmania is a special parasitic disease which can be passed on to human through phlebotomus of vector-born. Studies show that economic situation, cultural issues, as well as environmental and ecological conditions can affect the prevalence of this disease. In this study, Data Mining is utilized in order to predict CL prevalence rate and obtain a risk map. This case is based on effective environmental parameters on CL and a Neuro-Fuzzy system was also used. Learning capacity of Neuro-Fuzzy systems in neural network on one hand and reasoning power of fuzzy systems on the other, make it very efficient to use. In this research, in order to predict CL prevalence rate, an adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system with fuzzy inference structure of fuzzy C Means clustering was applied to determine the initial membership functions. Regarding to high incidence of CL in Ilam province, counties of Ilam, Mehran, and Dehloran have been examined and evaluated. The CL prevalence rate was predicted in 2012 by providing effective environmental map and topography properties including temperature, moisture, annual, rainfall, vegetation and elevation. Results indicate that the model precision with fuzzy C Means clustering structure rises acceptable RMSE values of both training and checking data and support our analyses. Using the proposed data mining technology, the pattern of disease spatial distribution and vulnerable areas become identifiable and the map can be used by experts and decision makers of public health as a useful tool in management and optimal decision-making.

Carbon nanotubes were synthesized over a series of Zn-containing Fe/alumina catalysts by chemical vapor deposition method at two reaction temperatures of 850 and 950 °C using methane as a carbon source. Catalysts were synthesized by keeping Fe concentration constant and varying Zn concentration to study the effects of Zn. The catalysts were characterized using X – ray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption – desorption methods which confirmed the successful synthesis of catalysts and metals particles were inserted in alumina pores. The synthesized Carbon nanotubes were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. SEM images showed that the diameter of nanotubes almost was decreased with increasing Zn content of catalysts. In Raman spectroscopy, two main bands related to the carbon nanotubes were observed. Further, TGA results revealed that the percent of synthesized carbon nanotubes were almost increased with increasing [Zn]/[Fe] proportions.

Introduction: Marriage is one of the most important events during an individual's life. Mental health as a component of personal characteristics, are associated with marital satisfaction. considering the role of mental health in a successful marriage, the impact of family health on community mental health, and major role of couples in this regard the present study aimed to determine the Mental health of people who are going to marry and its relation to some of their demographic factors in karaj 2012. Material and Methods: We performed a cross sectional study on the established group of 600 people who attended premarital assessment in a health center. They were selected by convenient sampling method. The data collection instrument was a demographic questionnaire and standardized Goldberge mental health (GHQ-28) questionnaire. The data was analyzed with SPSS/18 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.(P

A numerical simulation of a cold gas dynamic spray process using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique is presented. Distribution of particulate matter in the immediate surroundings of spray application site is of interest. The flow field inside an oval shaped supersonic nozzle and the surroundings of the nozzle is simulated. Particle trajectories along their flight in the nozzle as well as before and after impact with the target plane are calculated. Fluent is used for the purpose of flow field simulation. A discrete-phase Lagrangian particle trajectory model is used for particle trajectory calculation. A model uses the principles of motion and impact dynamics to predict particle behavior upon impacting the substrate. The locations and concentrations of particle exhaust patterns around the impact location are determined and presented graphically. The dependence of these patterns to variations in the jet-target tilting angle, standoff distance, upstream temperature and particle material is investigated.

Like many insects, honey bee can increase its cold tolerance through freeze avoidance, using antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to lower its supercooling point (SCP). Proline is the most dominant amino acid in honey bee hemolymph, which can be obtained by the insect through feeding. In the current study the antifreeze activity of this amino acid was evaluated on worker honey bees, immediately before the start of cold season. The experiment was established on four treatments including three different concentrations of proline (1%, 3% and 4.35%) diluted in 1:1 water sucrose syrup, and the syrup without proline (control). Newly emerged worker honey bees were fed on the mentioned diets for 2 weeks, under cage condition, and then 20 bees from each treatment (cage) were selected randomly for determination of cold hardiness inside a cooling bath. Using a CHY data logger, equipped with a K100 sensor attached to the bee’s gaster, the SCP, the amount of released heat and the rate of this release as measures of insect cold hardiness were recorded. Proline significantly reduced honey bees’ SCP. The lowest point, -7.67±0.2646°C, was observed in the concentration of 1% proline. The amount of released heat and the rate of this release were not significantly different across the treatments.

Background: Today, changing lifestyles, social relations and the advancement of technology causes fear, threats and concerns of different groups in society, especially students. Adverse impact of Anxiety on the efficacy and talents, personality and social identity formation of students, threat to achieve the goals of academic achievement and mental health. The present study was conducted to determine level of anxiety and some of their demographic correlates in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 1390. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross sectional study. The study population included all students of the Alborz university. 305 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. The data collection instrument was a demographic questionnaire and standardized Spielberger Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: Based on our results, 64 percent of students were anxious. Anxiety levels were significantly higher in men than women (p=0.049). The level of anxiety and interesting in medical course (p

From the Reaction between cellulose and chloro sulfonic acid was prepared sulfuric acid cellulose composition as a new solid acid. The solid acid supported on silica gel and then as an effective catalyst in Friedel-Crafts alkylation of alcohols and aromatic compounds was used. The reaction progress was controlled using thin layer chromatography and the reaction products were analyzed using IR spectroscopy devise. The results show this new catalyst is effective in the friedel crafts alkylation and C-C bond formation was done in short time with very good yields.

The purpose of this research was to study the relation between ethical climate dimensions and Job satisfaction among employees at Isfahan office of Education in academic year 1388-89-. Research method was descriptive (correlative) and statistical population of the study were all 735 employees of all six educational districts of Isfahan that 205 of them were selected as statistical sample. Research instruments were two questionnaires: first, victor and collen's ethical climate (1987) with 29 items and nine dimensions; second, lee (2000) (1987) with 29 items and nine likert scale. Reliability coefficients of questionnaire were calculated through chronboch alfa at 076 and 087 respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to determine the amount of correlation between ethical climate dimensions and Job satisfaction. Findings showed that personal Profit had relation with Job satisfaction but dimensions of organizational profit, efficiency, empathy, personal morality, and organizational procedures had no relation with Job satisfaction. Also, climate of team work, social accountability, rules and professional codes had positive and significant relation with Job satisfaction.

Background and ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive illness that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Despite recent technical advances in therapy, more people are using alternative therapies. In this study evaluated the effect of sodium metavanadate on glucose levels and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.MethodsThis is a randomized, controlled trial study. Forty subjects admitted to Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Yazd, Iran were divided randomly into two groups and supplemented daily with 100 mg sodium metavanadate or placebo for six weeks. Body Mass Index (BMI), Blood Pressure and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), 2-h postprandial glucose( 2hpp), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (chol), low-density lipoproteins ( LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), Blood Urea Nitrogen( BUN ), Creatinin (Cr), Alanine aminotransferases (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferases(AST) were assayed before and after 6 weeks sodium metavanadate supplementation. HbA1C, BMI and blood pressure also were analyzed in 12th week to evaluate the long term effect of drugs.ResultsThirty eight patients with mean age of 53.10±8.48 years old were included in the study. Although FBS, HbA1C, Cholesterol and LDL levels decreased after six weeks supplementation but it was not statistically significant. However a significant decrease occurred in TG levels (P=0.01) and BMI (p=0.03). After 12 weeks, there was a significant decrease in BMI (P=0.01).ConclusionIt is recommended to test another vanadium compound in type 2 diabetic patients to achieve better results. Keywords: Metavanadate; diabetes mellitus, Type 2; Lipid; glucose

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of temperature and chemical treatments on the vase life of cut Asiatic hybrid lily cultivar Pisa, with sixteen chemical treatments using factorial design with 3 replication arrangements. Lilium cut flowers were harvested when the first flower colored fully. Following chemical treatments, they were grouped in different combinations before storage. The treatments included sucrose, 8- hydroxy quinoline sulfate (HQS), citric acid (CA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetine (KI) and distilled water as control. Lilium cut flowers were pulsed for 24 hours in different solutions, then brought out and kept in the distilled water at temperatures of 4°C and 22 ° C .Effects of applied treatments were evaluated on different characteristics like vase life, the amount of water absorbed, flower diameter, total soluble solids and fresh weight. Results showed that the temperature of 4°C had the most effect on vase life, keeping the quality of lilium cut flowers. The results also displayed that the chemical treatments kinetine + sucrose had the most effect on vase life and percentage of sucrose, gibberellic acid + kinetine delayed yellowing of the foliage, 8- hydroxy quinoline absorbed the most amount of water, and treatments sucrose + kinetine , gibberellic acid + 8- hydroxy quinoline sulfate and gibberellic acid + citric acid were most effective in increasing the flowers diameter.

Background: Many studies have shown the efficacy of cognitive – behavioral therapy and psychological debriefing in treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a few evidences are available for using these techniques in large scale disasters. This study aimed to asses the effect of some psychological interventions in reducing PTSD symptoms after Bam earthquake in different age groups. Methods: In a before-after quasi experimental clinical trial, we compared the efficacy of one session of psychological debriefing and three sessions of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in bam earthquake PTSD symptoms in different age groups. We evaluated PTSD symptoms before and immediately and three months after interventions by CASP scaling system and analyzed data. Results: one hundred and thirty persons entered in the study and 51 persons excluded during interventions because of migration. Interventions were showed to be effective only in short term period. The means of PTSD symptoms frequency and severity of avoidance symptoms were reduced during three months period of study which were statistically significant P

Bone fractures usually happen during car accident and sport trauma. Different factors influence bone healing such as malnutrition and smoking. Apart from addiction which is an important individual, social, and cultural problems morphine has several effects on body physiology and immune system .This study is performed to assess the effect of morphine dependency on bone healing and has not been reported in the literature till now. 56 rats were divided into two 28-rat groups and were kept under equal laboratory conditions, Rats of the control group were not addicted. By adding morphine powder to the water of the other group for 21 days, they got addicted and were used as case group. Following intraperitoneal naloxane injection and confirming addiction in addicted group a hole was made in tibia of both groups. Biopsies were taken on the 3rd, 6th, 10th & 20th day from 7 addicted and 7 non-addicted rats. Then the results of microscopic examination were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney test. The difference between neutrophilic exudates (P=0.002) & granulation tissue (P=0.003) on the 3rd day, percent of neutrophilic exudates (P=0.01) & immature bone (P=0.004) on the 6th day, the percent of immature (P=0.001) & mature bone (P=0.02) on the 10th day & mesenchymal tissue (P=0.02) on the 20th day was significant. It was concluded that bone healing was delayed in the addicted group.

The development of new monitoring systems and the increasing interest of researchers in obtaining reliable measurements have leaded to the development of automatic monitoring moving objects. One way to ensure monitoring object is to use multi time's image fusion. Image fusion is a sub area of the more general topic of data fusion. Image fusion can be roughly defined as the process of combining multiple input images into an image, which contains the "relevant" information from the inputs. The aim of image fusion is to integrate complementary and redundant information from multiple images to create a composite that contains a better fused image than any of the individual source images. Main purpose of the former is to increase both the spectral and spatial resolution of images by combining multiple images. In this paper we tried to use this theory for moving object tracking, so with the usage of multi images that are obtained in different times and combination of them with this theory we identify the path of movement of moving object so this result could help us to implement automatic systems that that could monitor objects automatically without human interventation. So in this paper first we will discuss the principal of fusion and its famous method (wavelet theory) and all process that involved for doing a fusion process.

The purpose of this study was to detemine the relationship between coping styles and adolescents' depression. Participants were 341 high school students (170 boys & 171 girls) in Lordegan city who were randomly selected. All participants were asked to complete the Frydenberg & Lewis Adolescent Coping Scale, Beck Depression Scale, and the demographic researcher made questionnaire. The results showed that girls' mean depression scores was higher than that of boys. Problem focused and emotion focused coping styles were negatively correlated to depression (p < 0.001). The correlation between boys’ non productive coping styles and their depression was not significant. The results of the study revealed that problem focused coping style and emotion focused coping style, but not non productive coping style predicted depression. These results suggest that using problem focused coping style and emotion focused coping style is associated with decrease in adolescents' depression.

Objective. To investigate the safety and efficacy of MLC601 (NeuroAid) as a traditional Chinese medicine on motor recovery after ischemic stroke. Methods. This study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 150 patients with a recent (less than 1 month) ischemic stroke. All patients were given either MLC601 (100 patients) or placebo (50 patients), 4 capsules 3 times a day, as an add-on to standard stroke treatment for 3 months. Results. Sex, age, elapsed time from stroke onset, and risk factors in the treatment group were not significantly different from placebo group at baseline (P>.05). Repeated measures analysis showed that Fugl-Meyer assessment was significantly higher in the treatment group during 12 weeks after stroke (P

POY PET fiber samples were uniaxially drawn below the glass transition temperature (Tg) at various draw ratios to obtain filaments with different transient structures. The transient structure was composed of polymeric chains with para-crystalline or mesomorphic order and played a key role on the ultimate properties of fibers. Therefore, the study of the post-treatment mesomorphic structural changes would be of great interest. Initially the samples were exposed to supercritical CO2 under tension and tension-free conditions to induce morphological changes in their structures. The evolution of micro-structural changes under exposure to supercritical CO2 was investigated by conventional methods such as DSC, FTIR, birefringence and mechanical properties. A good correlation was obtained between the results of various analytical studies. Analyzing the results of DSC and FTIR showed that the amount of extended chains and transient structure developing during cold-drawing increased with the draw ratio. The results showed that exposure to supercritical CO2 led to the absorption of CO2 molecules into the free volumes of amorphous phase of the samples and increasing the crystalline phase and lowering the transient structures in the treated fibers. Sample treatment conditions play important role on the structural changes and in transforming the oriented chains of the mesophase into the crystalline or non-crystalline domains. PET fibers exposed to supercritical CO2 under tension present higher degree of crystallinity and molecular compactness in the amorphous domains but lower values of transient structures than the non-tension exposed samples. Exposure to supercritical CO2 gave rise to such structural changes as crystallization, orientation, and mesomorphic transitions. Hence, this method is a promising approach for tailoring structural changes in PET samples.In this paper, samples of POY PET fibers were uniaxially drawn below the glass transition temperature (Tg) at various draw ratios to obtain filaments with different transient structures. The transient structure composed of polymeric chains with paracrystalline or mesomorphic order and has a key role on the ultimate properties of fibers. So, it will be interesting to learn about the post-treatment mesomorphic changes that occur in this structure. The samples were exposed to scCO2 under and without tension-conditions to induce morphological changes in them. The evolution of micro structural changes under exposure to scCO2 was investigated by conventional methods such as DSC, FTIR, birefringence and mechanical propreties. A good correlation was obtained between the results of various analyses. Analyzing the results of DSC and FTIR showed that the amount of extended chains and transient structure developing during cold-drawing increased with the draw ratio. Results showed that exposure to scCO2 led to the absorption of CO2 molecules into the free volumes of amorphous phase in the samples as well as increasing their crystallinity and decreasing the amount of transient structure in the treated fibers. Sample treatment conditions have an important role on the structural changes and in transforming the oriented chains in the mesophase into the crystalline or non-crystalline domains. PET fibers exposed to scCO2 under tension present higher values of crystallinity and molecular compactness in the amorphous domains but lower values of transient structures than the samples exposed without tension. Exposure to scCO2 gives rise to such structural changes as crystallization, orientation, and mesomorphic transitions. Hence, this method is promising for tailoring structural changes in PET samples.