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Some of elderly people prefer to live independently and hence, choose to stay away from their children and relatives. Bad incidents could happen during the time for instance the elderly might be severely injured due to falling down. However, nobody else would notice and this may cause the victim to receive delayed emergency help. In serious cases, victims were found dead only after few days by the neighbours. To mitigate this issue, a fall detection system device for elderly based on their blood pressure is developed and presented in this paper. The developed device detects fall incident through accelerometer and pulse sensor reading as attached to the elderly body. If a fall incident occurs based on blood pressure abnormality, the device will promptly send an alert message to victim's emergency contact. This innovative development would alert people regarding bad incident happened on their love ones and thus, prompt emergency assistance can be provided.

Prosthetic is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part that may be lost due to trauma, disease and congenital conditions. It is intended to restore the function of the missing body part. The prosthetic that will be developed in this project is prosthetic hand. This prosthetic hand will have the robotic part applied to it to help the handicap person to do their daily activities just as how they used to when they still have their hand. The problem with the current prosthetic hand is that it does not function well and does not assist the patient to do daily chores. Hence, this robotic prosthetic hand is developed to overcome the problem. The objectives of this project are to develop a prototype of the prosthetic hand using 3D printer, to determine placement of actuator on the prosthetic hand, to help assist the handicap person in doing daily activities and to control the movement of the prosthetic hand by using EMG. The prosthetic hand will be design with Solid Work software and then print with a 3D printer. Then, three EMG electrodes are placed on the patient‟s forearm to detect the signal. The signal will then be interpret by the Arduino microcontroller as to which part of the hand will move whether it is the fingers or elbow. This prosthetic hand can be attached to the patient‟s bicep. At the end of this project, this prosthetic hand can hold or release for the fingers part and move the elbow up and down.

The purpose of rehabilitation is to let the patient who has difficulties of moving some parts of their body to recover. Patient will work one-on-one with physiotherapist who helps them to repeatedly perform the exercise but unfortunately, the number of physiotherapist becomes limited with numerous patients. Moreover, the disadvantages found in quite a number of commercialized rehabilitation robots in terms of their weight and product cost. This paper design a monitoring robot for rehabilitation. It consists of motors, monitoring sensor which called Surface Electrode and actuators. This robot helps the patients to move their lower limb to experience flexion and extension motions in two degree of freedom (DOF) with the help of motors. The motors can be controlled remotely by the patient itself for forwarding and reversing movements. The Surface Electrode will keep monitor the patient's progress in terms of the movement of muscle of the leg or any related to the area of the sensor being placed. The result shows that the project will ease the physiotherapist work by analyze the data given by the sensors and with help of the robot and patient can remotely control the motors to continue the rehabilitation process.

The development of this project will bring out an automated recycle bin which able to sort metal and nonmetal item that can be monitor through IOT. The ideas of this project came out from the problem statement which Recyclable materials end up mistakenly disposed to general landfill. Even though the awareness campaign is already made by government, mix recycle trash problem still occurs. Furthermore, workers affiliate with trash is more likely to be infected. In order to reduce these problems, an automated recycle bin which sort metal and nonmetal item is created with additional function of trash level monitoring system through IOT. This project will implement the usage of Arduino, servo motor, ultrasonic, IR and metal sensor. With the design of this machine, may it help those who involve in waste management and reduce the company cost in hiring manpower to separate the recycle waste and monitoring the waste which result to cleaning or trash collection more efficient. With a further modification, may it sort more recycle item

In Malaysia, there are several areas that frequently occur flash flood and mostly it happens more than twice a year. Flash flood causes damage to the valuable properties including crops, livestock, and possession including vehicles. Some part of the engine vehicle is sensitive to water as it consists of few electrical and mechanical components inside it. Hence, a high cost is needed to repair the vehicles. The primary focus of this project is to develop a prototype of an early flood detector system specifically for the vehicle by utilizing a GSM to alert the owner when the flash flood starts to happen. This system has two input sources, namely an ultrasonic sensor and car supply 12 volts. As the primary goal of this project is to actualize the water sensor in a vehicle, therefore it must be associated with the supply of the vehicle which is the car battery. The sensor will work when the vehicle was parked and not working when the vehicle begins running. Relay has been utilized in order to make sure the supply work naturally. The ultrasonic sensor is working as a water sensor to detect the rising of water level. The input signal then will be sent to the PIC controller. All process was controlled by PIC 16F877A that acts as a brain for the system. When the water reaches the level that has been set in the programmed, the signal, then will be transmitted to the GSM module through RS 232 driver. The message then will be sent to the owner's mobile phone to give a warning about the flood as the water level increasing near their vehicle. The development of the prototype basically can be divided into two sections which are the simulation part by using Proteus Software and the coding has been implemented by using Kiel Software. Eagle Software has been used for PCB Design. In conclusion, the early flood detector system for a vehicle which can alert the vehicle owner was successfully developed. These could be one of an alternative method in helping the vehicle owner to avoid their vehicle from being drowned in the flash flood.

Traditionally, pollution measurements are performed using expensive equipment at fixed locations or dedicated mobile equipment laboratories. The automatic air quality monitoring system using Arduino can save cost and easy to access. The project that we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on various aspects related to our course of study as well as practical knowledge of electronic equipment and communication. Moreover, the project of air quality monitoring system has achieved to monitor and prevent the effect of high temperature and dusty air to the child and human just like the objective of the project needed. The project can detect the temperature and dust density and besides that it will send alert to the user when detecting the air quality is unhealthy. Furthermore, a project is design and develop air quality monitoring system using Arduino Mega which is to enhance safety affect such that even the minor eye irritation can make the user to lose his concentration and lead to serious accidents. Where the dust sensor and temperature able to detect hazy day that triggers buzzer to alert user to decrease the outdoor activities. Air quality is monitor for whole day at Ulu Pauh Putra by using this device and the data is recorded and make into a graph. The average dust density is 78.22ug/m3 and the range of dust density levels are about 68.07ug/m3 to 84.87ug/m3. By comparing the result to API reading show that air quality is moderate pollution that does not pose any bad effect on health. The testing of project was done for whole day is to verify the accuracy of the data. Moreover, it can help to avoid errors occur in the project. Focusing on the device produced, it detects high temperature and sense the dusty air immediately. Once the sensitivity is high, the buzzer module will active to alert user.

The purpose of this study is to use water cooler and water heater to improve the convenience of the user so that they can use the water cooler and mobile water heater properly and comfortably. This study focuses on how refrigeration and water heaters use thermoelectric pads as a cooling and heating medium. Peltier works when the voltage is flowing from the power bank. The temperature difference on the surface of the processor allows the heat to occur at a fast rate. Arduino uno is used as a voltage regulator and temperature sensor to improve product performance. concept designs are designed, created and evaluated. The final prototype will include some markers that will be used as temperature readings by cooling and heating. Based on the results shown, the prototype can achieve the desired result with optimized energy consumption. When the temperature supplier produces a good temperature, the amount of water temperature will rise and the heat in the water will reach thermal equilibrium until the cold and hot temperatures reach a better minimum. Therefore, the temperatures in the cold and hot areas are more efficient in achieving thermal equilibrium in rising water.

A study was performed to produce a pneumatic air engine using two linear actuators and then the linear motion was converted to a rotating motion using a crank shaft. This study aims to increase the use of linear actuators in pneumatic air engines as well as to apply pressurized air as an efficient and convenient transportation mechanism in line with the development of technologies developed through products available in the market. Two units of linear actuator such as pneumatic cylinders with two units of 5/2 way directional control valve with double solenoid actuation are used to control the cylinder movement. The cylinder will rotate the crank shaft when receiving a signal from the solenoid valve with 5 bar air pressure. In conclusion, the system can travel up to 153 meters for a 24-liter air-pressure with 5 bar pressure when the test is run for a charging cycle by the compressor motor. If the compressor motor able to charge the compressor continuously, the movement distance can be increased.

This paper describes about the implementation of redesign the component of grass cutting machine by using the application of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) methodology. The scope based on the existing grass cutting machine and the appropriate of DFMA methodology. The data was analysed by using Boothroyd-Dewhurst Design for Manufacture and Assembly method to verify the design efficiency, handling ratio and fitting ratio to achieve. The new proposed design of grass cutting machine drawn using CATIA V5 software based As a result, the assembly time for redesign showed an improvement of 18.68% where the assembly time was reduced from 568.84 s to 462.59 s and design efficiency was increased 8.33% from 24.40% to 34.70%. The total part, handling ratio fitting ratio and cost of existing design is reduced. Eventually, the improvement of redesign grass cutting machine the best design with optimal value is accomplished.

Plastic injection molding is a popular process in the plastic industry, and it is one of the popular polymer processing operations in the plastic industry today. However, least of skill of making a mold and injection molding machine can cause the defect quality of product occurred. There are a few types of plastic part defects such as warpage, shrinkage and weld line. The purpose of the project is to see what happen to the plastic parts produce when the injection molding machine runs for some cycle. This research is to investigate the plastic part defect in term of warpage and shrinkage using coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and how the cooling cycle can affect the product quality. This study used polypropylene (PP) as the plastic material. From the data collected, we can conclude that the most significant defect in plastic part is warpage and shrinkage. This defect is reflected to the mold temperature. We can find that, in proper cooling in mold directly affect to the product quality.

One of the basic problems in the development and production process of molds for injection molding is the control of temperature conditions in the mold. Mold temperature control is one of the most important parameters in injection molding process of thermoplastics. Mold temperature should be controlled so that the mold temperature is in the right accordance with the standard specifications of plastic to ensure the quality of plastic produced is consistent. This project is focused on designing and developing thermoelectric cooler for controlling mold temperature in injection molding using Arduino UNO. The design for this project is selected by using Pugh Method. This project is done by clamping thermoelectric peltier between the water-cooling block. Arduino UNO and relay that are used to control temperature sensor and water pump at the hot and cold side. Testing data is obtained from the Arduino UNO that is connected to the temperature sensor. Based on the testing result, this project is working well but it needs some modifications for improvement before it can be used in the injection molding machine.

The purpose of this research project is to design thermoelectric air cooling using peltier with a portable load factor and reasonable price. This new design is based on ideas obtained from existing mobile air conditioning and designs available in the market. The final idea of concept design for thermoelectric air conditioning is based on the concept chosen based on the best features. From the analysis, these thermoelectric cold airs can produce cool air up to 16°C. In conclusion, the designs can solve the problem for large-scale air conditioner installations in addition to producing cool air up to 16°C.

A study has been developed on water cooling products where using a thermoelectric system of peltier which produces cold and heat for learning and also it needs for the Final Year Project, in Diploma of Manufacturing Engineering. This study is aimed at improving the use of the system in the water cooling as well as adding convenience for consumers to use the water cooler well and comfortably. This is in line with the needs of users who need the convenience of any water cooling and easy to use in line with the development of technology developed through existing products in the market. This study focuses on how to develop a water-cooled product system so that this product can provide the user with the convenience. To develop the system, thermoelectric peltier and arduino uno are used to provide improvements to existing products. The peltier thermoelectric, also often called the Peltier coolant that utilizes the Peltier effect when passed through the current, this device will transfer heat from one side to the other, typically producing a heat difference of about 40° C - 70° C. Arduino is a microcontroller based ATmega328 board. Arduino has 14 input pin/ output which 6 pins can be used as PWM output, 6 analog input, 16 MHz crystal oscillator, USB connection, power jack and reset button. Arduino is capable of supporting microcontroller; can be connected to a computer using USB. Arduino cable is also programmed using a special software called ARDUINO GENUINO which program the cooling temperature of the peltier thermoelectric. In conclusion, this system has been successful in helping to increase knowledge and convenience to consumers and will probably be one of the obligatory products in every home in the future.

A study has been developed on mini fridge products where using a thermoelectric system of peltier which produces cold and heat for learning and it needs for the final year project, in Diploma of Manufacturing Engineering. This study is aimed at improving the use of the system in the fridge as well as adding convenience for consumers to use the fridge well and comfortably. This is in line with the needs of users who need the convenience of any fridge and easy to use in line with the development of technology developed through existing products in the market. This study focuses on how to develop a fridge product system so that this product can provide the user with the convenience. To develop the system, thermoelectric peltier and Arduino UNO are used to provide improvements to existing products. The thermoelectric, also often called as peltier coolant that utilizes the peltier effect when passed through the current, this device will transfer heat from one side to the other, typically producing a heat difference of about 40 ° C - 70 ° C. Arduino is a microcontroller based ATmega328 board. Arduino has 14 input pin/output which 6 pin can be used as PWM output, 6 analog input, 16 MHz crystal oscillator, USB connection, power jack and reset button. Arduino is capable of supporting microcontroller; can be connected to a computer using USB. Arduino cable is also programmed using a special software called Arduino GENUINO which program the cooling temperature of the peltier thermoelectric. In conclusion, this system has been successful in helping to increase knowledge and convenience to consumers and will probably be one of the obligatory products in every home in the future.

Main objective of this research is to study the performance of thermoelectric cooler for application in cooling system of injection molding machine in order to improve the cooling system and cooling cycle time of injection molding machine nowadays. The project is done by using thermoelectric devices, water block, Arduino UNO, relay module and water pump. With the testing and experiment rig carried out, it is discovered that the thermoelectric devices could also being applied into the injection molding cooling system. The testing was carried out by clamping thermoelectric devices with two water block and regulating water in both water block. Arduino UNO microcontroller and relay module was used to control the temperature sensors and water pumps in the hot-side and cool-side of the water block. Both temperature of water is being measured and recorded by the temperature sensors and Arduino software. Hence, the data and graph of result could be gained while the experiment is being carried out. From the result of experiment, the thermoelectric devices can be said as an effective cooling system as long as the heat produced at the hot side of the thermoelectric could be removed all the time. However, for the real environment injection molding machine applying, this system will need modification and adjustment on design of the cooling system.

This study assessed the impacts of temperature against haze pollution in Malaysia. To document the impacts of these temperatures on air quality, daily temperature reading data in 10 day cycle from 20th January to 29th January 2018 and data for the Air Pollutant Index (API) for every states in Malaysia were collected and analyzed. In general, this study investigates whether the temperature increase affecting the high level of haze and to show whether fluctuating haze movements are according to temperature readings in Malaysia.

The historical perspective of haze phenomenon maintains to interest contemporary air quality among the researchers. There was a sharp rise were recorded in hospital admissions and visits to primary care physicians, but in the year 1952, recent re-analysis2 of the mortality data indicates the number of deaths was undervalue and was nearer 12,000 [1]. An alertness of the source and the hazard of smoke haze spread, Southeast Asian governments increasingly came under pressure from the public and civil society at the national, regional, and international level to address this haze phenomenon issue. By doing this air pollution research, residents in Malaysia will know about the haze phenomenon which can cause air pollution and also which state is the worst air pollution that has been recorded by Air Pollution Index (API) in 10 days.

The purposes of this project are to design and diversify the function of a battery powered scooter frame which is more practical for the human factor in ergonomic and optimum design. The new design is based on ideas which are studied from existing scooter frame, United States Patent design and European States International Patent design. The final idea of concept design for scooter frame is based on concept chosen from the best characteristics and it is divided into three main difference ideas and the matrix evaluation method is applied. Analysis that applies to frame design, arm, rim and drive train component is based on Cosmos Express program. As a conclusion, the design that is produce are able to carry the maximum also has more practical features in ergonomic view.

Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) was defined as highly automated group technology machine cell, consisting of a group of processing stations interconnected by an automated material handling and storage system, and controlled by an integrated computer system. FMS can produce parts or products are in the mid-volume, mid-variety production range. The layout system in FMS is an important criterion to design the FMS system to produce a part or product. This facility layout of an FMS involves the positioning of cells within given boundaries, so as to minimize the total projected travel time between cells. Defining the layout includes specifying the spatial coordinates of each cell, its orientation in either a horizontal or vertical position, and the location of its load or unloads point. There are many types of FMS layout such as In-line, loop ladder and robot centered cell layout. The research is concentrating on the design and optimization FMS layout. The final conclusion can be summarized that the objecti...