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31 results on '"M. Jueptner"'

1. Sparse imaging of the auditory oddball task with functional MRI

Author: Bernhard W. Müller, Mark E. Ladd, Holger Wiese, Michael Forsting, Philipp Stude, M. Jueptner, and K. Nebel
Subjects: Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Male, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Posterior parietal cortex, Cognition, Event-Related Potentials, P300, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional imaging, Superior temporal gyrus, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acoustic Stimulation, Gyrus, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Middle frontal gyrus, Female, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, Neuroscience, Insula
Abstract: Cortical reactions to rare task-related stimuli have been studied with electrophysiological methods in the assessment of the P300 component as well as in functional imaging studies with regard to oddball tasks.While functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using auditory stimuli have to deal with interference between auditory stimuli and scanner noise, the aim of our study was to assess auditory target processing with the sparse imaging method. Single volumes of echo-planar imaging were acquired 4 s following the onset of the stimuli of interest. In keeping with previous studies, target stimuli activated the insula, superior temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, parietal cortex and the cerebellum. Our results encourage the application of the sparse imaging method in experiments on cognitive processing elicited by auditory stimulation in a silent environment. NeuroReport14:1597^1601 � c 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Published: 2003
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2. Arm Training Induced Brain Plasticity in Stroke Studied with Serial Positron Emission Tomography

Author: Hans-Christoph Diener, Walter Jentzen, S. Müller, Gereon Nelles, and M. Jueptner
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, Hemiplegia, Sensory system, Statistical parametric mapping, Premotor cortex, Internal medicine, Motor system, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Humans, Dominance, Cerebral, Stroke, Physical Therapy Modalities, Aged, Cerebral Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cerebral Infarction, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Cerebral blood flow, Positron emission tomography, Arm, Cardiology, Female, Psychology, Neuroscience, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: We used serial positron emission tomography (PET) to study training-induced brain plasticity after severe hemiparetic stroke. Ten patients were randomized to either task-oriented arm training or to a control group and scanned before and after 22.6 +/- 1.6 days of treatment using passive movements as an activation paradigm. Increases of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were assessed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM99). Before treatment, all stroke patients revealed bilateral activation of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC). After task-oriented arm training, activation was found bilaterally in IPC and premotor cortex, but also in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (SMC). The control group only showed weak activation of the ipsilateral IPC. After treatment, the training group revealed relatively more activation bilaterally in IPC, premotor areas, and in the contralateral SMC. Five normal subjects showed no statistical significant differences between two separate PET studies. In this group of patients, task-oriented arm training induced functional brain reorganization in bilateral sensory and motor systems.
Published: 2001
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3. Self-initiated versus externally triggered movements

Author: Richard E. Passingham, David J. Brooks, Marjan Jahanshahi, I. H. Jenkins, and M. Jueptner
Subjects: Cingulate cortex, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Supplementary motor area, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Index finger, Prefrontal cortex, Psychology, SMA, Neuroscience, Anterior cingulate cortex, Motor cortex
Abstract: Event-related potential studies in man suggest a role for the supplementary motor area (SMA) in movement preparation, particularly when movements are internally generated. In a previous study combining PET with recording of movement-related cortical potentials, we found similar SMA activation and early pre-movement negativity during self-initiated and predictably paced index finger extensions. Early pre-movement negativity was absent when finger movements were paced by unpredictable cues. We postulated that preparation preceding self-initiated and predictably cued movements was responsible for equivalent levels of SMA activation in these two conditions. To test this, we have performed further studies on six normal volunteers with H2(15)O-PET. Twelve measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were made in each subject under three conditions: rest; self-initiated right index finger extension at a variable rate of once every 2-7 s; and finger extension triggered by pacing tones at unpredictable intervals (at a rate yoked to the self-initiated movements). Activation associated with these conditions was compared using analysis of covariance and t statistics. Compared with rest, unpredictably cued movements activated the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex, caudal SMA and contralateral putamen. Self-initiated movements additionally activated rostral SMA, adjacent anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Direct comparison of the two motor tasks confirmed significantly greater activation of these areas and of caudal SMA in the self-initiated condition. These results, combined with our previous data, suggest that rostral SMA plays a primary role in movement preparation while caudal SMA is a motor executive area. In this experiment and in our earlier study, DLPFC was activated only during the self-initiated task, in which decisions were required about the timing of movements.
Published: 2000
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4. Evolution of functional reorganization in hemiplegic stroke: A serial positron emission tomographic activation study

Author: Hans-Christoph Diener, G Spiekramann, G Nelles, H Gerhard, Georg Leonhardt, S. Müller, and M Jueptner
Subjects: Cingulate cortex, Supplementary motor area, Sensory system, medicine.disease, Statistical parametric mapping, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Cerebral blood flow, Motor system, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Stroke, Neuroscience
Abstract: We used serial positron emission tomography (PET) to study the evolution of functional brain activity within 12 weeks after a first subcortical stroke. Six hemiplegic stroke patients and three normal subjects were scanned twice (PET 1 and PET 2) by using passive elbow movements as an activation paradigm. Increases of regional cerebral blood flow comparing passive movements and rest and differences of regional cerebral blood flow between PET 1 and PET 2 in patients and normal subjects were assessed by using statistical parametric mapping. In controls, activation was found in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and bilaterally in the inferior parietal cortex with no differences between PET 1 and PET 2. In stroke patients, at PET 1, activation was observed in the bilateral inferior parietal cortex, contralateral sensorimotor cortex, and ipsilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and cingulate cortex. At PET 2, significant increases of regional cerebral blood flow were found in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex and bilateral inferior parietal cortex. A region that was activated at PET 2 only was found in the ipsilateral premotor area. Recovery from hemiplegia is accompanied by changes of brain activation in sensory and motor systems. These alterations of cerebral activity may be critical for the restoration of motor function.
Published: 1999
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5. Reorganization of Sensory and Motor Systems in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients

Author: G Spiekermann, H Gerhard, Georg Leonhardt, M Jueptner, S Müller, G Nelles, and Hans-Christoph Diener
Subjects: Male, Cingulate cortex, medicine.medical_specialty, Movement, Rest, Hemiplegia, Sensory system, Statistical parametric mapping, Somatosensory system, Brain Ischemia, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Motor system, medicine, Humans, Stroke, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Supplementary motor area, business.industry, Somatosensory Cortex, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral blood flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Blood Flow Velocity, Psychomotor Performance, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: Background and Purpose —Cortical reorganization of motor systems has been found in recovered stroke patients. Reorganization in nonrecovered hemiplegic stroke patients early after stroke, however, is less well described. We used positron emission tomography to study the functional reorganization of motor and sensory systems in hemiplegic stroke patients before motor recovery. Methods —Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 6 hemiplegic stroke patients with a single, subcortical infarct and 3 normal subjects with the [ 15 O]H 2 O injection technique. Brain activation was achieved by passive elbow movements driven by a torque motor. Increases of rCBF comparing passive movements and rest were assessed with statistical parametric mapping. Significant differences were defined at P Results —In normal subjects, significant increases of rCBF were found in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, cingulate cortex, and bilaterally in the inferior parietal cortex. In stroke patients, significant activation was observed bilaterally in the inferior parietal cortex and in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, ipsilateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and cingulate cortex. Significantly larger increases of rCBF in patients compared with normal subjects were found bilaterally in the sensorimotor cortex, stronger in the ipsilateral, unaffected hemisphere, and in both parietal lobes, including the ipsilateral precuneus. Conclusions —Passive movements in hemiplegic stroke patients before clinical recovery elicit some of the brain activation patterns that have been described during active movements after substantial motor recovery. Changes of cerebral activation in sensory and motor systems occur early after stroke and may be a first step toward restoration of motor function after stroke.
Published: 1999
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6. A review of differences between basal ganglia and cerebellar control of movements as revealed by functional imaging studies

Author: M Jueptner and C Weiller
Subjects: Brain Mapping, Cerebrum, Movement, Putamen, Anatomy, Indirect pathway of movement, Basal Ganglia, Posterior lobe of cerebellum, Premotor cortex, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebellum, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Basal ganglia, medicine, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Motor learning, Psychology, Neuroscience, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: The role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in the control of movements is unclear. We summarize results from three groups of PET studies of regional CBF. The results show a double dissociation between (i) selection of movements, which induces differential effects in the basal ganglia but not the cerebellum, and (ii) sensory information processing, which involves the cerebellum but not the basal ganglia. The first set of studies concerned motor learning of a sequence of finger movements; there was a shift of activation in the anterior-posterior direction of the basal ganglia which paralleled changes in the motor areas of the frontal cortex. During new learning, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and striatum (caudate nucleus and anterior putamen) were activated. When subjects had to select movements, the premotor cortex and mid-putamen were activated. With automatic (overlearned) movements, the sensorimotor cortex and posterior putamen were activated. When subjects paid attention to overlearned actions, activation shifted back to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and striatum. The cerebellum was not activated when subjects made new decisions, attended to their actions or selected movements. These results demonstrate components of basal ganglia-(thalamo)-cortical loops in humans. According to earlier studies in animals we propose that the basal ganglia may be concerned with selecting movements or the selection of appropriate muscles to perform a movement selected by cortical areas (e.g. premotor cortex). Secondly, a visuomotor co-ordination task was examined. In the absence of visual control over arm movements, subjects were required to use a computer mouse to either generate new lines or to re-trace lines on a computer screen. The neocerebellum (hemispheres of the posterior lobe, cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar vermis), not the basal ganglia, was more engaged when lines were re-traced (compared with new line generation). Animal experiments have shown that error detection (deviation from given lines) and correction occurs during line re-tracing but not line generation. Our data suggest that the neocerebellum (not the basal ganglia) is involved in monitoring and optimizing movements using sensory (proprioceptive) feedback. Thirdly, the relative contribution of sensory information processing to the signal during active/passive execution of a motor task (flexion and extension of the elbow) was examined; it was found that 80-90% of the neocerebellar signal could be attributed to sensory information processing. The basal ganglia were not involved in sensory information processing. They may be concerned with movement/ muscle selection (efferent motor component); the neocerebellum may be concerned with monitoring the outcome (afferent sensory component) and optimizing movements using sensory (feedback) information.
Published: 1998
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7. Anatomy of Motor Learning. I. Frontal Cortex and Attention to Action

Author: K. M. Stephan, M. Jueptner, R. S. J. Frackowiak, David J. Brooks, Richard E. Passingham, and Chris D. Frith
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cingulate cortex, Frontal cortex, Physiology, Mediodorsal nucleus, Prefrontal Cortex, Fingers, medicine, Humans, Learning, Attention, Prefrontal cortex, General Neuroscience, Anatomy, Human brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Action (philosophy), Cerebrovascular Circulation, Frith, Motor learning, Psychology, Neuroscience, Psychomotor Performance, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: Jueptner, M., K. M. Stephan, C. D. Frith, D. J. Brooks, R.S.J. Frackowiak, and R. E. Passingham. Anatomy of motor learning. I. Frontal cortex and attention to action. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1313–1324, 1997. We used positron emission tomography to study new learning and automatic performance in normal volunteers. Subjects learned sequences of eight finger movements by trial and error. In a previous experiment we showed that the prefrontal cortex was activated during new learning but not during automatic performance. The aim of the present experiment was to see what areas could be reactivated if the subjects performed the prelearned sequence but were required to pay attention to what they were doing. Scans were carried out under four conditions. In the first the subjects performed a prelearned sequence of eight key presses; this sequence was learned before scanning and was practiced until it had become overlearned, so that the subjects were able to perform it automatically. In the second condition the subjects learned a new sequence during scanning. In a third condition the subjects performed the prelearned sequence, but they were required to attend to what they were doing; they were instructed to think about the next movement. The fourth condition was a baseline condition. As in the earlier study, the dorsal prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate area 32 were activated during new learning, but not during automatic performance. The left dorsal prefrontal cortex and the right anterior cingulate cortex were reactivated when subjects paid attention to the performance of the prelearned sequence compared with automatic performance of the same task. It is suggested that the critical feature was that the subjects were required to attend to the preparation of their responses. However, the dorsal prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex were activated more when the subjects learned a new sequence than they were when subjects simply paid attention to a prelearned sequence. New learning differs from the attention condition in that the subjects generated moves, monitored the outcomes, and remembered the responses that had been successful. All these are nonroutine operations to which the subjects must attend. Further analysis is needed to specify which are the nonroutine operations that require the involvement of the dorsal prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex.
Published: 1997
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8. Localization of a cerebellar timing process using PET

Author: Cornelius Weiller, Michel Rijntjes, Dagmar Timmann, J. Faiss, M. Jueptner, Hans-Christoph Diener, and Stefan P. Mueller
Subjects: Adult, Cerebellum, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Movement, Rest, Fingers, Reference Values, Cerebellar hemisphere, medicine, Humans, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, Anatomy, Interval (music), medicine.anatomical_structure, Acoustic Stimulation, Cerebral blood flow, Positron emission tomography, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cerebellar cortex, Time Perception, Cerebellar vermis, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: We used positron emission tomography (PET) to localize a cerebellar timing function.Six healthy volunteers estimated time differences by comparing a test interval (defined by two tones) with a standard interval. In the timing condition, subjects lifted their right index finger if the test interval was shorter and their right middle finger if it was longer than the standard interval. In the control condition, the two intervals were identical and subjects had to alternate between lifting their index and middle fingers. We examined regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using the standard C 15 O 2 inhalation technique. Comparison of control and rest conditions revealed significant increases of rCBF during the control condition in the inferior parts of the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere, reflecting finger movements. Comparison of timing and control conditions showed additional activations of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres bilaterally during the timing condition, reflecting the cerebellar timing process. We conclude that the cerebellum is involved in time-critical perception (``timing99). This nonmotor task can be separated from a motor task (finger movement). NEUROLOGY 1995;45: 1540-1545
Published: 1995
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9. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. 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Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
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10. Motor system: cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

Author: M, Jueptner and M, Krukenberg
Subjects: Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Motor Cortex, Motor Activity, Serial Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Basal Ganglia, Stroke, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow, Cerebellum, Mental Recall, Neural Pathways, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Reaction Time, Humans, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract: In this article, the authors summarize results from imaging studies, analyzing the functional anatomy of motor sequence learning and timing. Emphasis is on the relationship between the cortical motor areas, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum.
Published: 2001

11. Self-initiated versus externally triggered movements. II. The effect of movement predictability on regional cerebral blood flow

Author: I H, Jenkins, M, Jahanshahi, M, Jueptner, R E, Passingham, and D J, Brooks
Subjects: Adult, Male, Volition, Movement, Rest, Motor Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Middle Aged, Fingers, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Animals, Humans, Psychomotor Performance, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: Event-related potential studies in man suggest a role for the supplementary motor area (SMA) in movement preparation, particularly when movements are internally generated. In a previous study combining PET with recording of movement-related cortical potentials, we found similar SMA activation and early pre-movement negativity during self-initiated and predictably paced index finger extensions. Early pre-movement negativity was absent when finger movements were paced by unpredictable cues. We postulated that preparation preceding self-initiated and predictably cued movements was responsible for equivalent levels of SMA activation in these two conditions. To test this, we have performed further studies on six normal volunteers with H2(15)O-PET. Twelve measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were made in each subject under three conditions: rest; self-initiated right index finger extension at a variable rate of once every 2-7 s; and finger extension triggered by pacing tones at unpredictable intervals (at a rate yoked to the self-initiated movements). Activation associated with these conditions was compared using analysis of covariance and t statistics. Compared with rest, unpredictably cued movements activated the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex, caudal SMA and contralateral putamen. Self-initiated movements additionally activated rostral SMA, adjacent anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Direct comparison of the two motor tasks confirmed significantly greater activation of these areas and of caudal SMA in the self-initiated condition. These results, combined with our previous data, suggest that rostral SMA plays a primary role in movement preparation while caudal SMA is a motor executive area. In this experiment and in our earlier study, DLPFC was activated only during the self-initiated task, in which decisions were required about the timing of movements.
Published: 2000

12. Evolution of functional reorganization in hemiplegic stroke: a serial positron emission tomographic activation study

Author: G, Nelles, G, Spiekramann, M, Jueptner, G, Leonhardt, S, Müller, H, Gerhard, and H C, Diener
Subjects: Male, Brain, Hemiplegia, Middle Aged, Functional Laterality, Stroke, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Humans, Female, Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: We used serial positron emission tomography (PET) to study the evolution of functional brain activity within 12 weeks after a first subcortical stroke. Six hemiplegic stroke patients and three normal subjects were scanned twice (PET 1 and PET 2) by using passive elbow movements as an activation paradigm. Increases of regional cerebral blood flow comparing passive movements and rest and differences of regional cerebral blood flow between PET 1 and PET 2 in patients and normal subjects were assessed by using statistical parametric mapping. In controls, activation was found in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and bilaterally in the inferior parietal cortex with no differences between PET 1 and PET 2. In stroke patients, at PET 1, activation was observed in the bilateral inferior parietal cortex, contralateral sensorimotor cortex, and ipsilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and cingulate cortex. At PET 2, significant increases of regional cerebral blood flow were found in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex and bilateral inferior parietal cortex. A region that was activated at PET 2 only was found in the ipsilateral premotor area. Recovery from hemiplegia is accompanied by changes of brain activation in sensory and motor systems. These alterations of cerebral activity may be critical for the restoration of motor function.
Published: 1999

13. The relevance of sensory input for the cerebellar control of movements

Author: J. Adamschewski, S.J. Fellows, Cornelius Weiller, A. F. Thilmann, L. Flerich, Hans-Christoph Diener, S. Ottinger, S. Müller, and M. Jueptner
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cerebellum, Sensory Receptor Cells, Cognitive Neuroscience, Motor Activity, Passive movements, Cerebellar hemisphere, Isometric Contraction, medicine, Elbow, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Premovement neuronal activity, Humans, Dominance, Cerebral, Kinesthesis, Right elbow, Neurons, Afferent Pathways, Brain Mapping, Movement (music), Electromyography, Lobe, Sensory input, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Regional Blood Flow, Female, Psychology, Neuroscience, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: The performance of a motor task not only requires subjects to plan, prepare, and initiate but also to monitor how a movement is performed. We used positron emission tomography to examine to what extent the human cerebellum is involved in controlling motor output or sensory input from movements in normal subjects. In the first study, we compared the active performance of a motor task (flexion and extension of the right elbow) to the passive execution of the same movements. Passive movements were driven by a motor with the arm fixed in a guide hinge. Active movements (compared to rest) elicited increases of rCBF mainly in the ipsilateral neocerebellar hemisphere and vermis of the posterior lobe. During passive movements, almost identical parts of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis were activated (compared to the rest condition). The direct comparison of active and passive movement conditions revealed a small activation of the neocerebellar hemisphere of the posterior lobe and cerebellar nuclei ipsilateral to the movement. Approximately 90% of cerebellar neuronal activity was related to sensory input. In the second study, we compared the execution of a free selection joystick movement task to a condition in which subjects simply imagined the movements. The execution of movements (compared to rest) was associated with increases of rCBF in the ipsilateral neocerebellar hemisphere and vermis of the posterior lobe. During movement imagination, a small part of the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere and vermis of the posterior lobe was activated (compared to rest). The increase of rCBF during movement imagination accounted for only 20% of the signal seen during movement execution. Our results indicate that the neocerebellum may be much more concerned with sensory information processing than has been considered previously.
Published: 1997

14. The human cerebellum and temporal information processing--results from a PET experiment

Author: Hans-Christoph Diener, M. Jueptner, Cornelius Weiller, Lars Flerich, and Stefan P. Mueller
Subjects: Adult, Cerebellum, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Central nervous system, Blood flow, Time perception, Somatosensory system, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral blood flow, Positron emission tomography, Cerebellar hemisphere, Neural Pathways, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Neuroscience, Blood Flow Velocity, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: CHANGES of cerebellar blood flow were studied in normal humans using positron emission tomography (PET). A motor driven peg marked pairs of lines on subjects' right hands at different velocities. Subjects had to decide whether the second line was marked slower or faster than the first. Estimation of velocity (compared with control, i.e. presentation of lines at constant velocity) led to increases of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the left cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. Presentation of lines at constant velocity (compared with rest) activated the right cerebellar hemisphere. We conclude that the cerebellum is involved in temporal information processing even in the absence of motor output. This process can be separated from mere presentation of somatosensory stimuli.
Published: 1996

15. Review: does measurement of regional cerebral blood flow reflect synaptic activity? Implications for PET and fMRI

Author: M. Jueptner and C. Weiller
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Cognitive Neuroscience, Population, Presynaptic Terminals, Synaptic Transmission, Oxygen Consumption, medicine, Premovement neuronal activity, Animals, Humans, Axon, education, Membrane potential, Neurons, education.field_of_study, CATS, Chemistry, Brain, Human brain, Blood flow, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Cerebral blood flow, Regional Blood Flow, Energy Metabolism, Neuroscience, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: The energy metabolism of the adult human brain almost completely depends on glucose. The functional coupling of regional cerebral blood flow and local cerebral glucose metabolism has been established in a wide range of experiments using autoradiographic techniques in rats, cats, and monkeys as well as double-tracer techniques in humans. Glucose utilization in turn reflects neuronal activity and more specifically synaptic, mainly presynaptic, activity. The majority of glucose is needed for the maintenance of membrane potentials and restoration of ion gradients. PET as well as fMRI may be used to study changes in blood flow or flow-related phenomena in human subjects in vivo. Both techniques monitor changes of synaptic activity in a population of cells. These changes may be due to excitation or inhibition. More than 85% of cerebral glucose is used by neurons (mainly presynaptic axon terminals), while the remainder may at least partly account for metabolic processes in glial cells. Monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow with PET or fMRI thus mainly reflects neuronal and more specifically (pre-) synaptic activity.
Published: 1995

16. Brain activation during verbal encoding

Author: M. Jueptner, Sibylle Heinze, Michael Forsting, Gudrun Sartory, and B.W. Mueller
Subjects: Brain activation, Psychiatry and Mental health, business.industry, Encoding (semiotics), Medicine, business, Neuroscience, Biological Psychiatry
Published: 2003
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17. The role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in time estimation - lessons from PET studies

Author: M. Jueptner, Bernhard Mueller, Michael Krukenberg, and Walter Jentzen
Subjects: Cerebellum, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Time estimation, Cognitive Neuroscience, Basal ganglia, medicine, Biology, Neuroscience
Published: 2001
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18. Cerebellar activation during sensory discriminations with and without directed attention

Author: Bernhard Mueller, Johannes Weber, Gudrun Sartory, and M. Jueptner
Subjects: Neurology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Sensory system, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Published: 2001
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19. Cortical activation to auditory frequency mismatch and complex novel sounds

Author: Bernhard Mueller, Stefan P. Mueller, and M. Jueptner
Subjects: Neurology, Cognitive Neuroscience
Published: 2001
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20. W52 Pathophysiology of cerebellar ataxia

Author: M. Jueptner, Hans-Christoph Diener, and D. Timmann
Subjects: Cerebellar ataxia, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Neuroscience, Pathophysiology
Published: 1996
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21. Reply from the Authors

Author: M. Jueptner, Hans-Christoph Diener, and Cornelius Weiller
Subjects: Lift (data mining), Computer science, Calculus, Neurology (clinical), Right thumb
Abstract: Reply from the Authors: In the experiment published by Seitz et al., [2] two experimental conditions were examined. In the first condition, subjects had to explore macrogeometric objects. They had to lift their right thumb if the second of two sequentially presented objects was more oblong than the first. In the …
Published: 1996
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22. The sensory guidance of movement: A comparison of the cerebellum and basal ganglia

Author: I. H. Jenkins, David J. Brooks, M. Jueptner, R. S. J. Frackowiak, and Richard E. Passingham
Subjects: Adult, Male, Temporal cortex, Movement, General Neuroscience, Posterior parietal cortex, Sensory system, Body movement, Anatomy, Superior temporal sulcus, Middle Aged, Basal Ganglia, Pons, Cerebellum, Basal ganglia, Humans, Neurons, Afferent, Prefrontal cortex, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract: We used positron emission tomography (PET) to compare the contribution of the cerebellum and basal ganglia to the sensory guidance of movement. In one condition the subjects used a computer mouse to draw a series of lines on a computer screen (DRAW). In the second condition the same lines were presented to the subjects, and they had to track the lines with a mouse pointer on the screen (COPY). In a third condition the subjects were again presented with the same lines, and they simply followed movements of the pointer with their eyes (EYES). In the fourth condition, the subjects fixated a central point, ignoring the sequence of presented lines (FIX). The pons and cerebellum were activated more during visually guided tracking than in freely generated drawing (COPY vs DRAW). The basal ganglia were activated equally in both DRAW and COPY. The prefrontal and inferior temporal cortex were activated more when subjects drew lines freely (DRAW) than when they copied them (COPY). We conclude that the cerebellum is specialized for using sensory information to correct movements, but that the basal ganglia are involved both in movements that are self-generated and in movements that are guided by external cues.

23. Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error

Author: Chris D. Frith, R. S. J. Frackowiak, M. Jueptner, David J. Brooks, and Richard E. Passingham
Subjects: Adult, Male, Physiology, General Neuroscience, Movement, Anatomy, Middle Aged, Trial and error, Basal Ganglia, Fingers, Acoustic Stimulation, Cerebellum, Humans, Learning, Frith, Psychology, Motor learning, Psychomotor Performance, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: Jueptner, M., C. D. Frith, D. J. Brooks, R.S.J. Frackowiak, and R. E. Passingham. Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1325–1337, 1997. We used positron emission tomography to study motor learning by trial and error. Subjects learned sequences of eight finger movements. Tones generated by a computer told the subjects whether any particular move was correct or incorrect. A control condition was used in which the subjects generated moves, but there was no feeback to indicate success or failure, and so no learning occured. In this condition (free selection) the subjects were required to make a finger movement on each trial and to vary the movements randomly over trials. The subjects had a free choice of which finger to move on any one trial. On this task there was no systematic change in responses over trials and no change in the response times. Two other conditions were included. In one the subjects repetitively moved the same finger on all trials and in a baseline condition the subjects heard the pacing tones and auditory feedback but made no movements. Comparing new learning with the free selection task, there was a small activation in the right prefrontal cortex. This may reflect the fact that in new learning, but not free selection, the subjects rehearse past moves and adapt their responses accordingly. The caudate nucleus was strongly activated during new learning. It is suggested that this activity may be related either to mental rehearsal or to reinforcement of the movements as a consequence of the outcomes. The putamen was activated anteriorly on the free selection task and more posteriorly when the subjects repetitively made the same movement. It is suggested that the differences in the location of the peak activation in the striatum may represent the operation of different corticostriatal loops. The cerebellar nuclei (bilaterally) and vermis were more active in the new learning condition than during the performance of the free selection task. There was no difference in the activation of the cerebellum when the free selection task was compared with repetitive performance of the same movement. We tentatively suggest that the basal ganglia may be involved in the specification of movement on the basis of memory of either the movements or the outcomes, but that the cerebellum may be more directly involved in changes in the parameters of movement execution.

24. Benefits and pitfalls of scientific research during undergraduate medical education.

Author: Kuhnigk O, Böthern AM, Reimer J, Schäfer I, Biegler A, Jueptner M, Gelderblom M, and Harendza S
Abstract: Objective: The integration of scientific research into medical education is a widely discussed topic. Most research training programs are offered on a voluntary basis. In Germany, it is mandatory to complete a doctoral thesis to obtain the academic title "doctor". The reasons why students start a dissertation project and the influence of this project on their undergraduate studies and later career choices are not well known., Method: This study was conducted at five German universities in 2003, with a total of 437 fifth-year students participating in it. A standardised questionnaire was used to ask participants about their current or finished dissertation (group A), a dissertation they had discontinued (group B) or why they had never started a dissertation project (group C)., Results: The two most important reasons for students from group A to start a dissertation were "interest in the topic" and "advantage for job applications". Compared with group B, they mentioned "improved ability to critically appraise scientific studies" and "doing scientific work independently" significantly more often as a result of working on their dissertation. Starting a dissertation project early during undergraduate studies was correlated with a less successful outcome. Moreover, working on a dissertation significantly reduced time spent on undergraduate studies. Students from group C named the "workload of undergraduate studies" and "no time" most frequently as reasons for not having started a dissertation., Conclusion: Students who have been working successfully on a dissertation rate items regarding the acquisition of scientific research skills significantly more positively, and participation in undergraduate studies seems to be negatively affected by working on a dissertation project. Therefore, basic training in scientific research methodology should become an integrated part of the medical undergraduate curriculum, while special programs should be offered for students with a particular interest in scientific research programs or an academic career.
Published: 2010
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25. Attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry : effects of training, courses in psychiatry, psychiatric experience and gender.

Author: Kuhnigk O, Strebel B, Schilauske J, and Jueptner M
Subjects: Adult, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Persons with Psychiatric Disorders, Prejudice, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attitude of Health Personnel, Career Choice, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Graduate, Psychiatry education, Psychotherapy education, Students, Medical psychology
Abstract: Objective: The attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry and psychotherapy were examined considering the extent of their education, previous psychiatry experience, the evaluation of the course, their career intentions and socio-demographic variables., Methods: Five hundred and eight medical students in their second, fifth, ninth and tenth semester completed a questionnaire on "Attitudes Towards Psychiatry" (ATP-30)., Results: With 508 participants (return quota: 88%), the study showed no overall change in attitude in the ATP-30 during the course of the study. No general change in attitude following practical training in psychiatry was found. The more positive the psychiatry course was rated the more positive attitudes towards psychiatry were. Female students and students with psychiatry/psychotherapy experience had a significantly more positive attitude towards psychiatry as a subject. Overall 5.8% of all students showed a very positive attitude towards psychiatry., Conclusion: A positive education experience as well as personal experience increases the probability of a positive student attitude towards psychiatry. In order to assure adequate care for the mentally ill, it should be a fundamental aim of medical education to promote positive attitudes towards the mentally ill and psychiatry. It remains to be investigated, however, whether an improvement in the attitudes of students towards the psychiatry discipline is sufficient to increase the number of students who would like to become psychiatrists or whether other factors are more deciding such as career opportunities, conditions of further education, or income potential.
Published: 2007
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26. Motor system: cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum.

Author: Jueptner M and Krukenberg M
Subjects: Adult, Basal Ganglia pathology, Cerebellum pathology, Cerebral Cortex pathology, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Mental Recall physiology, Motor Cortex pathology, Nerve Net pathology, Nerve Net physiopathology, Neural Pathways pathology, Neural Pathways physiopathology, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Reaction Time physiology, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow physiology, Serial Learning physiology, Stroke pathology, Stroke physiopathology, Basal Ganglia physiopathology, Brain Mapping, Cerebellum physiopathology, Cerebral Cortex physiopathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Motor Activity physiology, Motor Cortex physiopathology
Abstract: In this article, the authors summarize results from imaging studies, analyzing the functional anatomy of motor sequence learning and timing. Emphasis is on the relationship between the cortical motor areas, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum.
Published: 2001

27. Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error.

Author: Jueptner M, Frith CD, Brooks DJ, Frackowiak RS, and Passingham RE
Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Basal Ganglia anatomy & histology, Cerebellum anatomy & histology, Fingers innervation, Fingers physiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Movement physiology, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Basal Ganglia physiology, Cerebellum physiology, Learning physiology
Abstract: We used positron emission tomography to study motor learning by trial and error. Subjects learned sequences of eight finger movements. Tones generated by a computer told the subjects whether any particular move was correct or incorrect. A control condition was used in which the subjects generated moves, but there was no feedback to indicate success or failure, and so on learning occurred. In this condition (free selection) the subjects were required to make a finger movement on each trial and to vary the movements randomly over trials. The subjects had a free choice of which finger to move on any one trial. On this task there was no systematic change in responses over trials and no change in the response times. Two other conditions were included. In one the subjects repetitively moved the same finger on all trials and in a baseline condition the subjects heard the pacing tones and auditory feedback but made no movements. Comparing new learning with the free selection task, there was a small activation in the right prefrontal cortex. This may reflect the fact that in new learning, but not free selection, the subject rehearse past moves and adapt their responses accordingly. The caudate nucleus was strongly activated during new learning. It is suggested that this activity may be related either to mental rehearsal or to reinforcement of the movements as a consequence of the outcomes. The putamen was activated anteriorly on the free selection task and more posteriorly when the subjects repetitively made the same movement. It is suggested that the differences in the location of the peak activation in the striatum may represent the operation of different corticostriatal loops. The cerebellar nuclei (bilaterally) and vermis were more active in the new learning condition than during the performance of the free selection task. There was no difference in the activation of the cerebellum when the free selection task was compared with repetitive performance of the same movement. We tentatively suggest that the basal ganglia may be involved in the specification of movement on the basis of memory of either the movements or the outcomes, but that the cerebellum may be more directly involved in changes in the parameters of movement execution.
Published: 1997
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28. The relevance of sensory input for the cerebellar control of movements.

Author: Jueptner M, Ottinger S, Fellows SJ, Adamschewski J, Flerich L, Müller SP, Diener HC, Thilmann AF, and Weiller C
Subjects: Adult, Afferent Pathways physiology, Cerebellum blood supply, Dominance, Cerebral physiology, Elbow innervation, Electromyography instrumentation, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted instrumentation, Isometric Contraction physiology, Kinesthesis physiology, Male, Neurons physiology, Regional Blood Flow physiology, Brain Mapping instrumentation, Cerebellum physiology, Motor Activity physiology, Sensory Receptor Cells physiology, Tomography, Emission-Computed instrumentation
Abstract: The performance of a motor task not only requires subjects to plan, prepare, and initiate but also to monitor how a movement is performed. We used positron emission tomography to examine to what extent the human cerebellum is involved in controlling motor output or sensory input from movements in normal subjects. In the first study, we compared the active performance of a motor task (flexion and extension of the right elbow) to the passive execution of the same movements. Passive movements were driven by a motor with the arm fixed in a guide hinge. Active movements (compared to rest) elicited increases of rCBF mainly in the ipsilateral neocerebellar hemisphere and vermis of the posterior lobe. During passive movements, almost identical parts of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis were activated (compared to the rest condition). The direct comparison of active and passive movement conditions revealed a small activation of the neocerebellar hemisphere of the posterior lobe and cerebellar nuclei ipsilateral to the movement. Approximately 90% of cerebellar neuronal activity was related to sensory input. In the second study, we compared the execution of a free selection joystick movement task to a condition in which subjects simply imagined the movements. The execution of movements (compared to rest) was associated with increases of rCBF in the ipsilateral neocerebellar hemisphere and vermis of the posterior lobe. During movement imagination, a small part of the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere and vermis of the posterior lobe was activated (compared to rest). The increase of rCBF during movement imagination accounted for only 20% of the signal seen during movement execution. Our results indicate that the neocerebellum may be much more concerned with sensory information processing than has been considered previously.
Published: 1997
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29. The sensory guidance of movement: a comparison of the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Author: Jueptner M, Jenkins IH, Brooks DJ, Frackowiak RS, and Passingham RE
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Basal Ganglia physiology, Cerebellum physiology, Movement physiology, Neurons, Afferent physiology
Abstract: We used positron emission tomography (PET) to compare the contribution of the cerebellum and basal ganglia to the sensory guidance of movement. In one condition the subjects used a computer mouse to draw a series of lines on a computer screen (DRAW). In the second condition the same lines were presented to the subjects, and they had to track the lines with a mouse pointer on the screen (COPY). In a third condition the subjects were again presented with the same lines, and they simply followed movements of the pointer with their eyes (EYES). In the fourth condition, the subjects fixated a central point, ignoring the sequence of presented lines (FIX). The pons and cerebellum were activated more during visually guided tracking than in freely generated drawing (COPY vs DRAW). The basal ganglia were activated equally in both DRAW and COPY. The prefrontal and inferior temporal cortex were activated more when subjects drew lines freely (DRAW) than when they copied them (COPY). We conclude that the cerebellum is specialized for using sensory information to correct movements, but that the basal ganglia are involved both in movements that are self-generated and in movements that are guided by external cues.
Published: 1996
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30. The human cerebellum and temporal information processing--results from a PET experiment.

Author: Jueptner M, Flerich L, Weiller C, Mueller SP, and Diener HC
Subjects: Adult, Cerebellum diagnostic imaging, Humans, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Blood Flow Velocity physiology, Cerebellum physiology, Neural Pathways physiology
Abstract: Changes of cerebellar blood flow were studied in normal humans using positron emission tomography (PET). A motor driven peg marked pairs of lines on subjects' right hands at different velocities. Subjects had to decide whether the second line was marked slower or faster than the first. Estimation of velocity (compared with control, i.e. presentation of lines at constant velocity) led to increases of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the left cerebellar hemisphere and vermis. Presentation of lines at constant velocity (compared with rest) activated the right cerebellar hemisphere. We conclude that the cerebellum is involved in temporal information processing even in the absence of motor output. This process can be separated from mere presentation of somatosensory stimuli.
Published: 1996
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31. Review: does measurement of regional cerebral blood flow reflect synaptic activity? Implications for PET and fMRI.

Author: Jueptner M and Weiller C
Subjects: Adult, Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Energy Metabolism physiology, Humans, Neurons physiology, Oxygen Consumption physiology, Presynaptic Terminals physiology, Regional Blood Flow physiology, Brain blood supply, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Synaptic Transmission physiology, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract: The energy metabolism of the adult human brain almost completely depends on glucose. The functional coupling of regional cerebral blood flow and local cerebral glucose metabolism has been established in a wide range of experiments using autoradiographic techniques in rats, cats, and monkeys as well as double-tracer techniques in humans. Glucose utilization in turn reflects neuronal activity and more specifically synaptic, mainly presynaptic, activity. The majority of glucose is needed for the maintenance of membrane potentials and restoration of ion gradients. PET as well as fMRI may be used to study changes in blood flow or flow-related phenomena in human subjects in vivo. Both techniques monitor changes of synaptic activity in a population of cells. These changes may be due to excitation or inhibition. More than 85% of cerebral glucose is used by neurons (mainly presynaptic axon terminals), while the remainder may at least partly account for metabolic processes in glial cells. Monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow with PET or fMRI thus mainly reflects neuronal and more specifically (pre-) synaptic activity.
Published: 1995
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31 results on '"M. Jueptner"'

1. Sparse imaging of the auditory oddball task with functional MRI

2. Arm Training Induced Brain Plasticity in Stroke Studied with Serial Positron Emission Tomography

3. Self-initiated versus externally triggered movements

4. Evolution of functional reorganization in hemiplegic stroke: A serial positron emission tomographic activation study

5. Reorganization of Sensory and Motor Systems in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients

6. A review of differences between basal ganglia and cerebellar control of movements as revealed by functional imaging studies

7. Anatomy of Motor Learning. I. Frontal Cortex and Attention to Action

8. Localization of a cerebellar timing process using PET

9. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

10. Motor system: cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

11. Self-initiated versus externally triggered movements. II. The effect of movement predictability on regional cerebral blood flow

12. Evolution of functional reorganization in hemiplegic stroke: a serial positron emission tomographic activation study

13. The relevance of sensory input for the cerebellar control of movements

14. The human cerebellum and temporal information processing--results from a PET experiment

15. Review: does measurement of regional cerebral blood flow reflect synaptic activity? Implications for PET and fMRI

16. Brain activation during verbal encoding

17. The role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in time estimation - lessons from PET studies

18. Cerebellar activation during sensory discriminations with and without directed attention

19. Cortical activation to auditory frequency mismatch and complex novel sounds

20. W52 Pathophysiology of cerebellar ataxia

21. Reply from the Authors

22. The sensory guidance of movement: A comparison of the cerebellum and basal ganglia

23. Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error

24. Benefits and pitfalls of scientific research during undergraduate medical education.

25. Attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry : effects of training, courses in psychiatry, psychiatric experience and gender.

26. Motor system: cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum.

27. Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error.

28. The relevance of sensory input for the cerebellar control of movements.

29. The sensory guidance of movement: a comparison of the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

30. The human cerebellum and temporal information processing--results from a PET experiment.

31. Review: does measurement of regional cerebral blood flow reflect synaptic activity? Implications for PET and fMRI.

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31 results on '"M. Jueptner"'

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