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1. Reduced-order modelling and operational optimization of a high-density district heating network

Author

A. Lasonder, R. Nouri, A.M. Chaudhry, M. Huart, A. Latiers, and J. Blondeau

Subjects
District heating network, Reduce-order modelling, Operational optimization, Technology
Abstract

This study focuses on the reduced-order modeling and the operational optimization of the heating network of Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) to decrease its energy consumption and CO2 emissions. A reduced-order model of the network was developed, and alternatives to the current operation were investigated to minimize its operational cost. As a very first improvement, replacing the current fixed-speed pumps with optimally operated variable-speed pumps, the pumping energy can be reduced by up to 96 %. Further optimizing the network operating temperatures can lead to a reduction of the pumping energy, the heat losses and the CO2 emissions by 99 %, 19 %, and 7 %, respectively, compared to the current operation.

Published
2024
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4. Design and test of a mitigation system against voltage ringing in MITICA Acceleration Grid Power Supply

Author

L. Zanotto, E. Merli, H. Decamps, M. Perna, M. Huart, C. Finotti, Daniel Gutierrez, and M. Dan

Subjects
Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Low-pass filter, High voltage, Ringing, Grid, 01 natural sciences, Automotive engineering, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Power (physics), Acceleration, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Overvoltage, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Voltage
Abstract

The Acceleration Grid Power Supply of MITICA is a high power, high voltage power supply devoted to feed the acceleration grids of the full scale prototype of the ITER NBI injector. It is divided in two subsystems: the AGPS – Conversion System (CS) and the AGPS – DC Generator (DCG), procured by different domestic agencies. Numerical simulations have pointed out a voltage ringing at the interface of the two systems, which would generate repeated high overvoltage at the input of the AGPS-DCG, not in compliance with the interface requirements. The phenomenon has been investigated and a solution for the mitigation has been identified based on a suitable low pass RC filter, as a trade-off between simplicity and effectiveness. The filters have been successfully tested directly with the AGPS-CS to demonstrate the reduction of the voltage peaks in the operation condition foreseen for the AGPS.

Published
2021
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5. Association of SNP markers with agronomic and quality traits of field pea in Italy

Author

A. Klein, K. Boucherot, M. Huart-Naudet, B. Ferrari, J. Burstin, M. Romani, G. Aubert, P. Annicchiarico, L. Pecetti, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, QTL, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, marker-assisted selection, 03 medical and health sciences, Field pea, Snp markers, Genetics, Quality (business), Pisum sativum, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, business.industry, grain yield, food and beverages, protein content, biology.organism_classification, Biotechnology, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

BAPGEAPSI; Only a few studies on pea (Pisum sativum) investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers with key agronomic traits. This study aimed to explore the association of a standard set of 384 SNP with grain yield, seed protein content, seed weight, onset of flowering, plant height and lodging susceptibility, in three connected bi-parental recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations including 90 lines each. These RIL originated from crosses between three cultivars that displayed high and stable grain yield across Italian environments, namely, Attika (A), Isard (I), and Kaspa (K). The 270 lines were phenotyped in a spring-sown environment of Lodi (northern Italy; 45°19'N, 9°30'E). Variation among lines within the populations was significant (P < 0.01) in all cases except lodging susceptibility in one cross and, when expressed in terms of the genetic coefficient of variation, proved moderately large for most traits (including grain yield and seed protein content). Overall, we detected six quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the A × I linkage map, eight QTL in K × A, and nine QTL in K × I. Among them, there were three QTL in K × A and two QTL in K × I for grain yield, and one QTL in A × I and two QTL in both K × A and K × I for seed protein content. The consensus map, which included 130 markers (covering about 1094 cM), retained one QTL for grain yield and one for flowering time that co-located on LGII, and three for seed weight on LGIII, LGVI and LGVII. The QTL co-locating for yield and flowering time explained 8% and 31% of the overall phenotypic variation, respectively, for the two traits, and could be exploited in marker-assisted selection for adaptation to the target region.

Published
2016
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6. Acceleration grid power supply conversion system of the MITICA neutral beam injector: On site integration activities and tests

Author

D. Zella, F. Guarda, H. Decamps, Loris Zanotto, C. Finotti, M. Huart, M. Perna, E. Merli, F. Ferrari, Vanni Toigo, M. Dan, C. Panizza, and Daniel Gutierrez

Subjects
Power supply, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Emphasis (telecommunications), Ac/dc converter, Neutral beam injector, Grid, IGCT, 01 natural sciences, Automotive engineering, Acceleration grid power supply, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Power (physics), MITICA, Acceleration, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Acceptance testing, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Inverter, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The Acceleration Grid Power Supply Conversion System (AGPS-CS) of the MITICA Neutral Beam Injector has been installed between late 2017 - early 2018 and commissioned in the first half of 2018. This paper is focused on the installation and commissioning activities, with emphasis on the integration issues. The results of the site and acceptance tests are presented, proving the capability of the system to deliver the specified performance.

Published
2019
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7. Chronological ageing of human hair keratin fibres

Author

M. Huart, Francoise Fiat, L. Gauchet, G. Desbois, M. Peron, Sebastien Thibaut, J. Y. Kempf, P. Angevin, Nawel Baghdadli, D. Saint-Léger, I. Silberzan, G. Provot, S. Muller, A. M. Kermoal, Gustavo S. Luengo, Frederic Leroy, E. De Becker, B. A. Bernard, S. Kravtchenko, K. Nowbuth, and A. Galliano

Subjects
Chronological ageing, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aging, integumentary system, Chemistry, Hair shaft, Pharmaceutical Science, Dermatology, Hair keratin, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Ageing, Chemical agents, Drug Discovery, Evaluation methods, Keratin, Biophysics, sense organs, Cuticle (hair)
Abstract

Examination of very long hair (length > 2.4 m) using a large range of evaluation methods including physical, chemical, biochemical and microscopic techniques has enabled to attain a detailed understanding of natural ageing of human hair keratin fibres. Scrutinizing hair that has undergone little or no oxidative aggression--because of the absence of action of chemical agents such as bleaching or dyeing--from the root to the tip shows the deterioration process, which gradually takes place from the outside to the inside of the hair shaft: first, a progressive abrasion of the cuticle, whilst the cortex structure remains unaltered, is evidenced along a length of roughly 1 m onwards together with constant shine, hydrophobicity and friction characteristics. Further along the fibre, a significant damage to cuticle scales occurs, which correlates well with ceramides and 18-Methyl Eicosanoic Acid (18-MEA) decline, and progressive decrease in keratin-associated protein content. Most physical descriptors of mechanical and optical properties decay significantly. This detailed description of natural ageing of human hair fibres by a fine analysis of hair components and physical parameters in relationship with cosmetic characteristics provides a time-dependent 'damage scale' of human hair, which may help in designing new targeted hair care formulations.

Published
2010
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8. Thyristor crowbar system for the high current power supplies of ASDEX upgrade

Author

L. van Lieshout, C. Sihler, C.-P. Käsemann, and M. Huart

Subjects
Crowbar, Computer science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical engineering, Thyristor, AC power, Integrated gate-commutated thyristor, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, Overvoltage, Trisil, Thyristor drive, General Materials Science, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The ohmic heating system and the poloidal field coils of ASDEX upgrade are supplied by 15 thyristor converter units with an installed apparent power of 600 MVA. To protect the thyristor converters against dc overvoltage arising from abnormal operations and resulting damages caused by the large energy stored in the AUG magnet coils an overvoltage protection system was required. The paper describes the motivation for—and the design and testing of the thyristor crowbar system representing the thyristor converter overvoltage protection system. It will present the layout, analyse the results of measurements obtained during commissioning, compare them to the calculated (design) values and report on the first experience of operation on the AUG coils improving the safety of the equipment.

Published
2005
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9. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results—development of integrated operating scenarios for ITER

Author

F. Serra, R. Pugno, S. Klose, A. Herrmann, B. Kurzan, K. Mank, R. Narayanan, Garrard Conway, E. Würsching, O. Gehre, Q. Yu, P. Merkel, U. Seidel, R. Kochergov, T. Eich, K. Krieger, A. Bergmann, M. G. Pacco-Düchs, F. Ryter, C. F. Maggi, M. Balden, P. Martin, R. Riedl, Philipp Lauber, Frank Jenko, I. Radivojevic, L. Giannone, M. Maraschek, B. Zaniol, G. Haas, A. Mück, Gerhard Raupp, C. Tichmann, R. Merkel, H. F. Meyer, E. Strumberger, Martin Jakobi, D. Zasche, G. Becker, M. Garcia Munoz, K. Lackner, Y.P. Chen, W. Sandmann, O. J. W. F. Kardaun, K.-H. Steuer, Analiza M. Silva, F. Braun, A. G. Peeters, O. Gruber, F. Leuterer, A. Lyssoivan, W. Suttrop, A. Kallenbach, V. Mertens, K. K. Kirov, Bruce D. Scott, F. Wesner, Y.-S. Na, M. Münich, E. Quigley, C. Angioni, R. Lorenzini, Ivan Bizyukov, Michael Kaufmann, S. Kálvin, H. P. Zehrfeld, K.H. Behringer, W. Becker, Yasutaro Nishimura, A. Carlson, Daisuke Nishijima, M. Mayer, Hajime Urano, S. Cirant, A. Manini, T. Ribeiro, D. Borba, K. Engelhardt, B. Streibl, Junghee Kim, K. Dimova, H. Meister, M. Troppmann, S. Saarelma, Ursel Fantz, J. Hobirk, S. D. Pinches, F. Monaco, Emanuele Poli, Sheena Menmuir, Marco Brambilla, W. Kraus, A. Geier, H. Maier, S. Schweizer, G. Schramm, D. Merkl, S. W. Yoon, R. Neu, E. Speth, R. Bilato, A. V. Chankin, Thomas Zehetbauer, M. Tsalas, Julia Fuchs, M. Huart, J. Gafert, Fernando Meo, Alexander Kendl, T. Bolzonella, R. Drube, R. Dux, G. Tardini, K. Borrass, B. Heger, G. Pautasso, H. D. Murmann, Th. Pütterich, J. Chen, D. Meisel, K. Behler, J. Schirmer, V. Rohde, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, A. Lohs, G. Gantenbein, K. F. Mast, C. V. Atanasiu, G. Schall, A. Stäbler, A. Buhler, H. W. Müller, P. Varela, D. Strintzi, V. Bobkov, K. Gal, A. C. C. Sips, A. Jacchia, H. Kollotzek, Peter Lang, J. M. Santos, W. Treutterer, M. Apostoliceanu, M. Zilker, J. Neuhauser, M. Reich, P. Franzen, Tilman Dannert, J. Roth, H.-U. Fahrbach, Bernd Heinemann, M. E. Manso, D. A. Hartmann, C. Sihler, J. Stober, L. Fattorini, Isabel L. Nunes, H. Zohm, M. Kick, D. Wagner, A. Keller, Martin Laux, Jari Likonen, Taina Kurki-Suonio, E. Posthumus-Wolfrum, D. P. Coster, J. Schweinzer, G. Kocsis, M. Y. Ye, H. Hohenöcker, H. B. Schilling, C. Konz, P. Mantica, V. Igochine, G. Neu, Sibylle Günter, G. V. Pereverzev, L. D. Horton, Patrick J. McCarthy, M. Foley, A. Lorenz, and J.-M. Noterdaeme

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, Automatic frequency control, fusion reactors, Electron, Parameter space, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle transport, Electron cyclotron resonance, 010305 fluids & plasmas, ASDEX Upgrade, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, plasma, Magnetic confinement fusion, Condensed Matter Physics, fusion energy, ___, JET, Atomic physics, Control methods
Abstract

Significant progress has been made on ASDEX Upgrade during the last two years in the basic understanding of transport, in the extension of the improved H-mode in parameter space and towards an integrated operating scenario and in the development of control methods for major performance limiting instabilities. The important features were the understanding of particle transport and the control of impurity accumulation based on it, the satisfactory operation with predominantly tungsten-clad walls, the improved H-mode operation over density ranges and for temperature ratios covering (non-simultaneously) the ITER requirements on ν*, n/nGW and Te/Ti, the ELM frequency control by pellet injection and the optimization of NTM suppression by DC-ECCD through variation of the launching angle. From these experiments an integrated scenario has emerged which extrapolates to a 50% improvement in n T τ or a 30% reduction of the required current when compared with the ITER base-line assumptions, with moderately peaked electron and controllable high-Z density profiles.

Published
2005
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10. 145 MVA modular thyristor converter system with neutral control for ASDEX upgrade

Author

L. van Lieshout, M. Huart, C.-P. Käsemann, and C. Sihler

Subjects
Tokamak, business.industry, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical engineering, Thyristor, AC power, Converters, Modular design, Flywheel, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, law, Control system, General Materials Science, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The power supply of the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak consists of 11 thyristor converter modules which feed the poloidal field coils. All converters installed are powered by 10.5 kV flywheel generators starting at a frequency of 110 Hz, running down to 85 Hz during a pulse. For quasi-stationary advanced tokamak experiments with enlarged flat-top phase, the power supply system must be extended. The variable frequency of the pulsed network, fast load changes, together with the different parameters of the load coils require a very sophisticated converter design with reduced reactive power consumption. The paper describes the design and testing of the modular Thyristor Converter Group 6 with neutral control and four quadrant possibilities. It presents the various configurations available for operation on AUG magnetic coils, analyses the results of measurements obtained during commissioning, compares them to the calculated (design) values and reports on the performance achieved in fast four quadrant operation, improving the possibilities of the AUG feedback control of plasma shape and position.

Published
2003
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11. Excitation of torsional oscillations in generator shaft lines by plasma feedback control

Author

B. Streibl, C. Sihler, W. Treutterer, A. Joswig, F. Stobbe, and M. Huart

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Acoustics, AC power, Flywheel, Active load, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, law, Control system, Torque, General Materials Science, Excitation, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak requires an electrical power up to a few hundred MVA for a time period of 10–20 s. The power and energy is provided by three separate networks based on flywheel generators. In 1999, during a routine check performed on generator EZ3, it was discovered that coupling bolts of the flywheel generator shaft were deformed. Given that the active load of the generator (∼100 MW) in service is well below the design value of the shaft (∼800 MW), the damages may only be explained by a torsional resonance of the shaft line, itself excited by active power transients from the converter loads. A value of 23.6 Hz was calculated for the first eigen-frequency of the shaft line. Frequencies between 10 and 30 Hz have been identified in the spectrum of the load curves. Since torsional shaft oscillations are characterised by very low damping, torsional resonance can become dangerous even for over-dimensioned generator shafts. Therefore, a novel ‘torque’ measurement system was installed. The paper presents results from calculations and measurements showing that devices capable to measure the stress in the shaft line are essential for generator protection in feedback controlled fusion experiments.

Published
2003
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12. Paralleling of two large flywheel generators for the optimisation of the ASDEX Upgrade power supply

Author

C. Sihler, B. Streibl, W. Treutterer, M. Huart, and P. Fu

Subjects
Tokamak, Computer science, Busbar, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical engineering, Electric generator, Flywheel, law.invention, Power (physics), Generator (circuit theory), Electric power system, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ASDEX Upgrade, law, General Materials Science, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The power supply of the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak consists of three pulsed distribution systems (110–85 Hz), each supplied by a dedicated flywheel generator: EZ2 (1.45 GJ/167 MVA) which solely feeds the toroidal field coils, EZ3 (500 MJ/144 MVA) and EZ4 (650 MJ/220 MVA). For quasi-stationary advanced tokamak experiments with extended flat-top phase, the power systems of EZ3 and EZ4 must be connected in parallel, so that full advantage of the installed generator power and flywheel energy can be realised. The variable frequency of the pulsed network, fast load changes (up to 1000 MW/s), together with the different parameters of the generators and saturation effects during pulsed operation, require detailed numerical models for an investigation of the stability limits of a parallel operation of the two machines on one common 10.5 kV busbar. The paper describes the dynamic load requirements of a feedback controlled plasma experiment, the controller development for paralleling two large flywheel generators, the results of system studies with optimised power supply and implications of these results on the technical realisation.

Published
2001
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13. The JET high DC power test facility and the life testing of a high current ITER switch

Author

M. Huart, S.R. Shaw, C Lescure, and T Bonicelli

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Scope (project management), Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Flywheel, Automotive engineering, Power (physics), Generator (circuit theory), Reliability (semiconductor), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electrical equipment, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, Voltage
Abstract

JET has available one of the world's most powerful AC/DC multi-convertor systems, with unique capabilities in terms of delivery of high DC voltages and currents. Whilst the primary purpose of the system is the supply of the loads required for the experimental sessions, there is scope for other uses, in particular for testing of high power electrical equipment. The first successful example of the utilization of these capabilities was achieved with the establishment of a new Test Cell powered by the Toroidal Flywheel Generator Convertor (TFGC). The new facility was used for the test of a prototype Bypass switch manufactured within the ITER programme. The aim was to prove the switch is able to fulfil the requirements concerning contact life and general reliability of the assembly.

Published
2001
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14. Serological and Molecular Study of Hepatitis E Virus Infections over 2 Years (2013–2015) at Marseille University Hospitals and in Provence-Alpes-Côte D’Azur Region, Southeastern France

Author

Anne Motte, C. Dhiver, René Gerolami, Valérie Moal, A. Selles, Sarah Aherfi, R. Tola, M. Huart, C. Tamalet, Philippe Colson, Jean-Dominique Poveda, and M. Sicello

Subjects
Hepatology, Hepatitis E virus, business.industry, medicine, medicine.disease_cause, University hospital, business, Virology, Serology
Published
2016
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15. Latest JET results in deuterium and deuterium - tritium plasmas

Author

I. D. Young, N. Bainbridge, N. Dolgetta, R. A. M. Van der Linden, Philip Andrew, S. M. Scott, C. Caldwell-Nichols, R. Reichle, D. Campling, J. Mills, D.F.H. Start, P. G. Doyle, L.-G. Eriksson, A. Taroni, F.G. Rimini, T. Winkel, G. Corrigan, P. Breger, J. J. Davis, W. Zwingmann, M. Cox, L. Scibile, M. Gadeberg, B. Alper, S. Knipe, M.L. Watkins, P. Schild, C. D. Challis, A. Meigs, T. Lovegrove, C. Ingesson, E. Traneus, E. Deksnis, R. Mohanti, P. Miele, D.J. Ward, D. Stork, L. Galbiati, H. E. Clarke, M.A. Pick, B. Fischer, A. M. Edwards, L. Svensson, R. König, W. Parsons, M. De Benedetti, P. Noll, S. Papastergiou, N. C. Hawkes, B. Esposito, D. Ciric, G. McCracken, F. Hurd, A. Burt, R.D. Monk, J.K. Ehrenberg, J.P. Christiansen, A. Vadgama, J. M. Adams, R. D. Gill, J.G. Cordey, A. Gibson, Wolfgang Kerner, P. E. Stott, D. O'Brien, D. Bond, D. Young, T. Elevant, G. Vlases, M. Fichtmuller, R. Ostrom, M. von Hellermann, J. Tait, B. Haist, J.C.M. de Haas, P. Smith, R. Giannella, R. Claesen, N. P. Hawkes, M. Ottaviani, G. Fishpool, A. Howman, P. A. McCullen, A. C. Bell, A. Tabasso, R. Simonini, K. Guenther, N. Zornig, Q. Yu, V. Schmidt, N. Deliyanakis, J. How, Y. Baranov, I. Coffey, Michael Loughlin, S. A. Arshad, B. Patel, B. E. Keen, L. Lauro-Taroni, A. Kaye, P. Kupschus, D. Chiron, Shane Cooper, P. Chuilon, H. Altmann, M. Brandon, T. T. C. Jones, Y. Ul'Haq, D.V. Bartlett, F. Junique, F. Soldner, B. Ingram, C. Terella, R. Smith, G. Newbert, C. Lowry, B. Schunke, B.J.D. Tubbing, L. D. Horton, J. Jacquinot, N. G. Kidd, P. Card, J.P. Coad, P.R. Thomas, P. Barker, F. Nave, A. Sibley, P. Stangeby, T. P. Hughes, R. Parkinson, G.A. Cottrell, C. F. Maggi, S. E. Sharapov, R. Saunders, C. Gowers, A. Gondhalekar, J.A. Hoekzema, D. Wilson, A. Tanga, H. Brelen, E. Springmann, A.W. Edwards, S. J. Davies, K. Fullard, D. Martin, L. Roquemore, Ambrogio Fasoli, R. Walton, P.D. Morgan, A. Peacock, G. Murphy, J. G. Krom, W. Zhang, M. Salisbury, S. Clement, C. Gormezano, P. Nielsen, K. D. Lawson, G. Conway, M. J. Watson, D. Godden, O. Pogutse, G. Saibene, H. Guo, T. Wade, J. W. Farthing, J. L. Hemmerich, P. Svensson, S. Puppin, S. K. Erents, J.A. Dobbing, M. Johnson, P. Strachen, Henrik Bindslev, L. Rossi, P. Twyman, K. Blackler, H. Jaeckel, T. Bonicelli, S. E. Dorling, G. Matthews, M. L. Browne, B. Schokker, P. van Belle, A. C. Maas, J. F. Jaeger, H. Duquenoy, A. Rolfe, H. McBryan, P. Ageladarakis, Filippo Sartori, O.N. Jarvis, S. Ericsson, T. Hender, A. Paynter, T. Businaro, V. Riccardo, M. Huart, M. J. Mantsinen, F. Milani, A. Rossi, M. Keilhacker, P. Brennan, P. J. Lomas, Robin Barnsley, Annika Ekedahl, M. Endler, G. Radford, J. F. Junger, A. V. Chankin, P. Stubberfield, Jan Egedal, E. M. Jones, N. Davies, H.P.L. de Esch, B. Balet, D.D.R. Summers, C. Perry, A. Santagiustina, G. T. A. Huysmans, V. V. Parail, K. Thomsen, D. Bailey, J. Mart, A. Dines, M. Irving, G.J. Sadler, V.P. Bhatnagar, E. Righi, E. Oord, R. Stagg, A. C. C. Sips, W. J. Brewerton, R. T. Ross, H. D. Falter, F. Jensen, Sean Conroy, V. Marchese, Nicholas Watkins, M. Lennholm, J. Spence, M.F. Stamp, T. Budd, P. J. Harbour, M. Schmid, M. Buzio, B. Macklin, S. L. Dmitrenko, P. Smeulders, R. Middleton, D.H.J. Goodall, F.B. Marcus, J. Dorr, S. J. Cox, K.-D. Zastrow, A. Perevezentsev, A. J. Bickley, R. J. H. Pearce, D. N. Borba, M. Tabellini, J. Lingertat, E. Bertolini, R. Cusack, R. Lasser, J. Plancoulaine, N. Peacock, M. Wheatley, J. Ellis, M. Baronian, R. Prentice, A. Haigh, W. Obert, and C. J. Hancock

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Materials science, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Ion, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Shear (sheet metal), Ignition system, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Tritium, Neutron
Abstract

All major JET systems have been fully commissioned for D-T and the DTE1 series of experiments has started with the D-T fuel mixture and operating conditions foreseen for ITER. In the area of ITER physics, significant results have been produced in both D-D and D-T. In D-D, the LH threshold power database has been extended, the bounds on edge-electron temperature and density in ELMy H-modes have been defined and the advantages of Types I and III ELMy discharges have been compared. In D-T plasmas, the isotope effect on H-mode threshold power and transport has been determined so that a more accurate assessment can be made of the ignition margin and heating requirements for ITER. Trace tritium experiments have provided first particle transport measurements and an assessment of the ITER reference ion-cyclotron resonance-frequency heating scenarios has been started, In the area of fusion performance, record D-D neutron yields have been obtained by controlling the plasma and current profiles in hot ion ELM-free H-modes and optimized shear modes. In D-T, internal transport barriers have been readily established in optimized shear discharges and Alfven eigenmodes have been observed.

Published
1997
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16. Review of neutral beam heating on JET for physics experiments and the production of high fusion performance plasmas

Author

R. König, N. Peacock, E. Martin, L. Lauro-Taroni, D.V. Bartlett, B. Ingram, G. Vlases, A. Sibley, C. Terella, C. Lowry, N. A. Gottardi, T. Elevant, G. Saibene, J. Christiansen, M. Baronian, A. Tesini, T. Raimondi, A. J. Bickley, J. How, H. van der Beken, A. Haigh, N. C. Hawkes, M. C. Ramos de Andrade, H. Morsi, G. Murphy, M. Botman, A. Dines, A. Gondhalekar, C. Gormezano, M. Irving, H. Brelen, M. Tabellini, B. Schunke, B.J.D. Tubbing, G. Sadler, P. R. Thomas, C. Gowers, P. E. Stott, G. Corrigan, S. Cooper, W. J. Brewerton, H. D. Falter, M. Keilhacker, A. Korotkov, V. Marchese, M. Cox, P. Breger, M. Nilsen, T. Szabo, M. L. Watkins, R. Claesen, C. J. Hancock, I. D. Young, S. Ali-Arshad, M. J. Watson, O. N. Jarvis, E. Bertolini, C. Walker, S. Clement, Y. Baranov, W. Bailey, G. Celentano, C. Froger, K. D. Lawson, D. Stork, D.F.H. Start, A. Cherubini, R. Monk, S. L. Dmitrenko, H. Jaeckel, S. Richards, C. A. Steed, L. G. Eriksson, S. F. Mills, S. J. Booth, P. G. Doyle, P. Meriguet, R. J. M. Pearce, H. Duquenoy, G. Radford, R. Prentice, F. Jensen, M. A. Pick, C. D. Challis, B. Alper, R. Wolf, J. Lingertat, F. Soldner, M. O'Mullane, N. Deliyanakis, P. Nielsen, A. C. Bell, R. Lasser, E. Deksnis, J. P. Coad, P. J. Harbour, E. M. Jones, T. Budo, F. Marcus, N. Davies, B. Balet, F.G. Rimini, M. Comiskey, T. Wade, P. Burton, T. Bonicelli, P. Gaze, K. Fullard, D. Martin, W. Zwingmann, T. Winkel, M. Ottaviani, P. Massmann, J. O'Rourke, D. Bond, P. Boucquey, P. Barabaschi, R. D. Gill, M. Cooke, B. Patel, W. Suverkroop, A. Kaye, D. Chiron, T. Businaro, D. Goodall, M.F. Stamp, G. B. Denne-Hinnov, R. Ostrom, A. Girard, L. Horton, F. Trevalion, C. Woodward, J. Ehrenberg, M. Johnson, A. Loarte, S. Puppin, R. Simoni, J. Jacquinot, A. Galetsas, W. Obert, M. Schmid, J. F. Junger, J. F. Jaeger, P. Andrew, L. Rossi, K. Borras, P. Smeulders, R. Reichle, A. Rolfe, J. Plancoulaine, P. Chuilon, T. T. C. Jones, R. Barnsley, A. Gibson, P. Card, N. Dolgetta, R. Rookes, M. Rapisarda, A. Colton, P. Schild, H. Buttgereit, M. von Hellermann, C. Perry, Henrik Bindslev, M. Garribba, F. Hurd, J. Mart, C. Sborchia, S. M. Scott, K. Blackler, A. Santagiustina, G. Bosia, C. Cottrell, I. Coffey, G. Newbert, S. Papastergiou, P. Butcher, L. Svensson, G. Vayakis, O. Da Costa, T. Hender, S. Weber, C. F. Maggi, V. V. Parail, P. Froissard, A. Taroni, A.E. Costley, J. P. Poffe, V.P. Bhatnagar, A. C. Maas, Y. Agarici, K. Thomsen, H. McBryan, Francesco Porcelli, H. Altmann, T. J. Wijnands, T. Brown, R. T. Ross, D. O'Brien, R. N. Litunovski, J. J. Davies, R. Russ, P. Kupschus, Annika Ekedahl, G. Magyar, G. Fishpool, H. Deesch, A. C. C. Sips, N. G. Kidd, C. Caldwell-Nichols, T. P. Hughes, M. Newmann, R. Sartori, S. Corti, S. K. Erents, T. Martin, R. Haange, A. M. Edwards, J.A. Dobbing, M. Gadeberg, G. Matthews, Laurie Porte, M. Wykes, D. Wilson, S. J. Davies, J. M. Adams, D. Ward, Wolfgang Kerner, L. Zannelli, J. G. Cordey, A. Tanga, P. Peacock, P. Bertoldi, H. Summers, L. Galbiati, W. J. Dickson, N. P. Hawkes, Michael Loughlin, David Campbell, D. Summers, P. Stangeby, D. Campling, J. L. Hemmerich, G. Benali, S. E. Dorling, J.A. Hoekzema, P. Haynes, J. L. Salanave, F. Junique, M. Salisbury, M. Brusati, J. Wesson, E. Oord, R. Giannella, M. Bures, J. Freiling, G. Janeschitz, M. Huart, E. Righi, G. Sanazzaro, P. J. Lomas, G. Deschamps, P. Stubberfield, M. Lennholm, E. Thompson, B. Macklin, P. J. Howarth, L. P. D. F. Jones, B. E. Keen, P. Noll, M. Brandon, R. Smith, P. Barker, F. Nave, P.D. Morgan, and P. Crawley

Subjects
Physics, Fusion, Jet (fluid), Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Plasma, Neutral beam injection, Ion, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear fusion, General Materials Science, Tritium, Beam (structure), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The JET neutral beam injection system has proved to be both effective and reliable as a plasma heating device. The ion heating and plasma fuelling characteristics of the system are ideally suited to the production of high fusion performance plasmas while the flexibility in the choice of beam species (H, D, T, 3 He or 4 He) and the ability to inject into almost any JET plasma configuration allows a wide variety of related physics experiments to be carried out. The capability to inject (for the first time) tritium beams was essential to the successful execution of the first tritium experiments in which 1.7 MW of power from DT fusion reactions was generated.

Published
1995
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17. Overview of high performance H-modes in JET

Author

A. C. C. Sips, A.E. Costley, F. Hurd, G. Saibene, M. Salisbury, M. Brusati, C. Perry, P. J. Harbour, T. Martin, J. P. Poffe, Laurie Porte, H. van der Beken, N. C. Hawkes, J. Wesson, M. Bures, G. Janeschitz, M. Huart, A. Santagiustina, G. Bosia, H. Altmann, J. L. Salanave, A. Dines, N. G. Kidd, F. Junique, E. Righi, P. J. Lomas, P. G. Doyle, J. G. Cordey, G. Magyar, V. V. Parail, K. Thomsen, A. Gondhalekar, M. Irving, C. Gowers, R. Ostrom, C. Woodward, A. Galetsas, A. Loarte, P. Card, P. Trevalion, A. M. Edwards, T. P. Hughes, F. Jensen, M. Newman, C. Caldwell-Nichols, N. Peacock, P. Smeulders, A. Korotkov, A. Colton, P. Chuilon, T. T. C. Jones, F.G. Rimini, T. Winkel, P. Stubberfield, M. A. Pick, J.A. Hoekzema, T. Szabo, J. M. Adams, R. Prentice, Wolfgang Kerner, L. Zannelli, M. Rapisarda, D.F.H. Start, L. G. Eriksson, P. Schild, M. Wykes, D. Wilson, S. J. Davies, A. Sibley, P. Haynes, B. Alper, R. Wolf, T. Elevant, R. T. Ross, J. O'Rourke, E. Thompson, C. J. Hancock, R. Haange, P. E. Stott, A. Tesini, B. Macklin, M. Baronian, W. J. Brewerton, M.F. Stamp, L. P. D. F. Jones, A. C. Maas, B. E. Keen, A. Taroni, H. Morsi, G. Murphy, H. D. Falter, M. Keilhacker, I. D. Young, M. von Hellermann, A. Girard, A. Haigh, M. Cooke, A. Cherubini, Henrik Bindslev, D. Goodall, L. Horton, S. K. Erents, J.A. Dobbing, M. Gadeberg, E. Deksnis, G. Matthews, M. Comiskey, T. Wade, F. Marcus, M. Schmid, P. Burton, M. Garribba, G. Newbert, P. Barabaschi, A. Peacock, V. Marchese, C. Froger, K. D. Lawson, P. Noll, M. Brandon, G. Sadler, P. R. Thomas, C. F. Maggi, W. Bailey, D. Ward, K. Blackler, A. Rolfe, T. J. Wijnands, R. Barnsley, G. Celentano, R. Russ, Annika Ekedahl, G. Vayakis, T. Bonicelli, P. Froissard, C. Walker, J. Jacquinot, J. Plancoulaine, P. Kupschus, N. Dolgetta, Y. Agarici, D. Summers, M. Ottaviani, H. Brelen, S. Ali-Arshad, C. Sborchia, R. Claesen, C. A. Steed, S. F. Mills, A. Gibson, R. Smith, B. Schunke, B.J.D. Tubbing, J. Mart, H. McBryan, L. Svensson, J. J. Davis, S. M. Scott, R. J. M. Pearce, J. P. Coad, F. Soldner, T. Budd, P. Stangeby, E. M. Jones, V.P. Bhatnagar, C. D. Challis, R. Rookes, D. Campling, I. Coffey, W. Zwingmann, A. C. Bell, E. Oord, D. O'Brien, P. Gaze, N. Davies, D. Bond, David Campbell, P. Barker, F. Nave, G. B. Denne-Hinnov, S. Papastergiou, R. Monk, S. L. Dmitrenko, B. Balet, P. Butcher, L. Rossi, K. Borras, O. Da Costa, R. Giannella, P. Massmann, R. D. Gill, R. Sartori, J. Lingertat, S. Weber, R. N. Litunovski, H. Buttgereit, J. Ehrenberg, B. Patel, R. Lasser, N. A. Gottardi, A. Kaye, T. Brown, J. Christiansen, T. Businaro, L. Lauro-Taroni, C. Gormezano, O. N. Jarvis, S. Clement, A. J. Bickley, J. Freiling, D.V. Bartlett, D. Chiron, M. Botman, B. Ingram, C. Terella, C. Lowry, W. Obert, M. Tabellini, S. Corti, S. Cooper, P. Bertoldi, E. Bertolini, H. Summers, P.D. Morgan, P. Crawley, R. Reichle, Francesco Porcelli, G. Sanazzaro, G. Corrigan, T. Raimondi, G. Deschamps, M. J. Watson, M. C. Ramos de Andrade, G. Fishpool, H. Deesch, J. L. Hemmerich, G. Benali, Y. Baranov, H. Jaeckel, S. E. Dorling, G. Radford, S. J. Booth, J. F. Junger, H. Duquenoy, M. Lennholm, L. Galbiati, W. J. Dickson, N. P. Hawkes, R. Simonini, Michael Loughlin, T. Hender, M. Cox, P. Breger, W. Suverkropp, M. Nilsen, M. L. Watkins, S. Puppin, D. Stork, S. Richards, P. Nielsen, P. Boucquey, G.A. Cottrell, A. Tanga, P. J. Howarth, K. Fullard, D. Martin, M. Johnson, J. F. Jaeger, P. Andrew, P. Meriguet, Ralf König, M. O'Mullane, N. Deliyanakis, E. Martin, G. Vlases, and J. How

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Diamagnetism, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Phenomenology (particle physics), Scaling, Ion
Abstract

An account is given of the high performance plasmas established by development of the H-mode regime in JET in the experimental campaigns up to 1992. High performance in this case is measured in terms of the confinement enhancement achieved over the L-mode scaling as measured using the plasma diamagnetism. Three JET H-mode regimes have achieved enhancement factors (H G DIA ) over Goldston L-mode scaling of 2.5 < H G DIA < 4.0. These are the Pellet Enhanced Performance (PEP) H-MODE, the high bootstrap fraction (high β POL ) H-mode and the Hot Ion (HI) H-mode. The phenomenology of these three regimes is reviewed and contrasts and common threads are elucidated

Published
1994
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18. Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

Author

A. Kallenbach, J. Adamek, L. Aho-Mantila, S. Äkäslompolo, C. Angioni, C.V. Atanasiu, M. Balden, K. Behler, E. Belonohy, A. Bergmann, M. Bernert, R. Bilato, V. Bobkov, J. Boom, A. Bottino, F. Braun, M. Brüdgam, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, A. Chankin, I.G.J. Classen, G.D. Conway, D.P. Coster, P. de Marné, R. D'Inca, R. Drube, R. Dux, T. Eich, N. Endstrasser, K. Engelhardt, B. Esposito, E. Fable, H.-U. Fahrbach, L. Fattorini, R. Fischer, A. Flaws, H. Fünfgelder, J.C. Fuchs, K. Gál, M. García Muñoz, B. Geiger, M. Gemisic Adamov, L. Giannone, C. Giroud, T. Görler, S. da Graca, H. Greuner, O. Gruber, A. Gude, S. Günter, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, D. Hangan, T. Happel, T. Hauff, B. Heinemann, A. Herrmann, N. Hicks, J. Hobirk, H. Höhnle, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horton, M. Huart, V. Igochine, C. Ionita, A. Janzer, F. Jenko, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kálvin, O. Kardaun, M. Kaufmann, A. Kirk, H.-J. Klingshirn, M. Kocan, G. Kocsis, H. Kollotzek, C. Konz, R. Koslowski, K. Krieger, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, K. Lackner, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, M. Laux, F. Leipold, F. Leuterer, A. Lohs, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, H. Maier, C. Maggi, K. Mank, M.-E. Manso, M. Maraschek, P. Martin, M. Mayer, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, H. Meister, L. Menchero, F. Meo, P. Merkel, R. Merkel, V. Mertens, F. Merz, A. Mlynek, F. Monaco, H.W. Müller, M. Münich, H. Murmann, G. Neu, R. Neu, B. Nold, J.-M. Noterdaeme, H.K. Park, G. Pautasso, G. Pereverzev, Y. Podoba, F. Pompon, E. Poli, K. Polochiy, S. Potzel, M. Prechtl, M.J. Püschel, T. Pütterich, S.K. Rathgeber, G. Raupp, M. Reich, B. Reiter, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, V. Rohde, J. Roth, M. Rott, F. Ryter, W. Sandmann, J. Santos, K. Sassenberg, P. Sauter, A. Scarabosio, G. Schall, K. Schmid, P.A. Schneider, W. Schneider, G. Schramm, R. Schrittwieser, J. Schweinzer, B. Scott, M. Sempf, F. Serra, M. Sertoli, M. Siccinio, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, A.C.C. Sips, F. Sommer, A. Stäbler, J. Stober, B. Streibl, E. Strumberger, K. Sugiyama, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, G. Tardini, C. Tichmann, D. Told, W. Treutterer, L. Urso, P. Varela, J. Vincente, N. Vianello, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, C. Vorpahl, D. Wagner, A. Weller, R. Wenninger, B. Wieland, C. Wigger, M. Willensdorfer, M. Wischmeier, E. Wolfrum, E. Würsching, D. Yadikin, Q. Yu, I. Zammuto, D. Zasche, T. Zehetbauer, Y. Zhang, M. Zilker, H. Zohm, and Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion

Subjects
PHYSICS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 0103 physical sciences, TOKAMAK, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, REFLECTOMETRY
Abstract

The ASDEX Upgrade programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. After the finalization of the tungsten coating of the plasma facing components, the re-availability of all flywheel-generators allowed high-power operation with up to 20 MW heating power at I p up to 1.2 MA. Implementation of alternative ECRH schemes (140 GHz O2- and X3-mode) facilitated central heating above n e = 1.2 × 1020 m−3 and low q 95 operation at B t = 1.8 T. Central O2-mode heating was successfully used in high P/R discharges with 20 MW total heating power and divertor load control with nitrogen seeding. Improved energy confinement is obtained with nitrogen seeding both for type-I and type-III ELMy conditions. The main contributor is increased plasma temperature, no significant changes in the density profile have been observed. This behaviour may be explained by higher pedestal temperatures caused by ion dilution in combination with a pressure limited pedestal and hollow nitrogen profiles. Core particle transport simulations with gyrokinetic calculations have been benchmarked by dedicated discharges using variations of the ECRH deposition location. The reaction of normalized electron density gradients to variations of temperature gradients and the T e/T i ratio could be well reproduced. Doppler reflectometry studies at the L–H transition allowed the disentanglement of the interplay between the oscillatory geodesic acoustic modes, turbulent fluctuations and the mean equilibrium E × B flow in the edge negative E r well region just inside the separatrix. Improved pedestal diagnostics revealed also a refined picture of the pedestal transport in the fully developed H-mode type-I ELM cycle. Impurity ion transport turned out to be neoclassical in between ELMs. Electron and energy transport remain anomalous, but exhibit different recovery time scales after an ELM. After recovery of the pre-ELM profiles, strong fluctuations develop in the gradients of n e and T e. The occurrence of the next ELM cannot be explained by the local current diffusion time scale, since this turns out to be too short. Fast ion losses induced by shear Alfvén eigenmodes have been investigated by time-resolved energy and pitch angle measurements. This allowed the separation of the convective and diffusive loss mechanisms.

Published
2011
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19. Addendum to papers from Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment (ASDEX) Upgrade Team, published in Review of Scientific Instruments

Author

T. Eich, D. Yadikin, P. de Marne, Piero Martin, C. Tichmann, T. Lunt, K. Behler, A. Kammel, E. Strumberger, G. Tardini, K.H. Behringer, G. D. Conway, Bill Scott, F. Monaco, M. Rott, Manfred Zilker, A. Stäbler, K. Krieger, Taina Kurki-Suonio, G. Haas, G. Koscis, B. Streibl, R. Merkel, M. Mantsinen, L. Urso, B. Langer, A. Gude, A. Kirk, J. Stober, H. Doerk-Bendig, T. Hauff, M. Gemisic Adamov, G. Schall, H. Zohm, H.-J. Klingshirn, Karl Schmid, J. M. Santos, Emanuele Poli, K. McCormick, J. Neuhauser, A. Kagarmanov, J. Hobirk, D. Wagner, D. Zasche, Fernando Meo, A. Herrmann, Michael Kaufmann, W. Suttrop, E. Würsching, M. Reich, C. Angioni, G. Pautasso, N. Hicks, G. Antar, C. Wigger, B. Kurzan, H. Meister, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, V. Rohde, C. Vorpahl, Martin Laux, A. Lohs, Jari Likonen, M. Sertoli, D. P. Coster, P. Varela, O. J. W. F. Kardaun, J. Schweinzer, A. Lyssoivan, C. Konz, M. Püschel, M. Manso, L. Fattorini, S. Kálvin, K. Gal, H. Greuner, S. da Graca, Analiza M. Silva, Marco Brambilla, E. Wolfrum, K. Sassenberg, R. Bilato, M. Huart, R. Fischer, M. Münich, K. Mank, V. Mertens, H. Kollotzek, P. Merkel, L. Giannone, H. D. Murmann, N. Hammer, M. Sempf, M. Hölzl, M. Maraschek, Peter Lang, B. Reiter, Sibylle Günter, J. Roth, Lin Liu, H.-U. Fahrbach, Bernd Heinemann, P. Sauter, W. Treutterer, C. V. Atanasiu, I. Classen, U. Seidel, G. V. Pereverzev, Roman Schrittwieser, O. Gruber, R. Riedl, Cary Forest, Patrick J. McCarthy, A. Bergmann, Julia Fuchs, Philipp Lauber, V. Igochine, J. Adamek, F. Ryter, S. Potzel, Tobias Görler, M. Janzer, H. W. Müller, M. Brüdgam, F. Merz, E. Speth, A. Mlynek, M. Garcia-Munoz, F. Serra, E. Vainonen-Ahlgren, M. Balden, J.-M. Noterdaeme, M. Kick, H. F. Meyer, N. Endstrasser, A. V. Chankin, Gerhard Raupp, Mattia Siccinio, Frank Jenko, K.-H. Steuer, Alberto Bottino, K. Engelhardt, T. Pütterich, Q. Yu, R. Drube, R. Dux, A. Sigalov, K. Lackner, Christian Hopf, W. Sandmann, A. Scarabosio, A. Buhler, A. Kallenbach, Thomas Zehetbauer, T. Ribeiro, R. Neu, R. M. McDermott, M. Mayer, R. D’Inca, D. Holtum, F. Braun, G. Neu, B. Nold, J. E. Boom, D. Dodt, R. Stadler, S. Gori, V. Bobkov, M. Wischmeier, F. Leuterer, Peter Schneider, and W. Becker

Subjects
Scientific instrument, Physics, ASDEX Upgrade, Divertor, Nuclear engineering, Addendum, Axial symmetry, Instrumentation, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract

This addendum applies to papers authored by contributors from the Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment (ASDEX) Upgrade Team published in Review of Scientific Instruments. This addendum provides the full list of ASDEX Upgrade Team contributors and their affiliations.

Published
2010
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20. Effects of enhanced toroidal field ripple on JET plasmas

Author

G Sadler, P Barabaschi, E Bertolini, S Conroy, S Corti, E Deksnis, K J Dietz, H P L de Esch, A Gondhalekar, B Green, M Huart, M Huguet, J Jacquinot, O N Jarvis, A Khudoleev, M J Loughlin, R Konig, J Last, A Maas, M Petrov, S Putvinskii, C Sborchia, D Stork, B Tubbing, and P van Belle

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Jet (fluid), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, Toroidal field, Ripple, Limiter, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Inconel
Abstract

The JET machine is equipped with 32 toroidal field coils. In order to study the effect of TF ripple on the confinement of fast particles and, more generally, on the plasma behaviour, a series of experiments was performed using only 16 TF coils. At the position of the outer limiter, this led to an increase of the ripple, delta =(Bmax-Bmin)/(Bmax+Bmin), from 1% to 12.5%. The toroidal field was limited to 1.4 T, with plasma currents in the range between 2 and 3 MA. Additional heating power-levels and energy-input were kept low in order to avoid possible damage to some first wall components made out of Inconel. Experiments were carried out using 140 keV NBI injected deuterons, ICRF accelerated protons and deuterons ( approximately 0.5 to approximately 2 MeV) and 1 MeV tritons from DD reactions.

Published
1992
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21. AC plasma current operation in the JET tokamak

Author

B.J.D. Tubbing, M. Huart, R. Konig, D. Stork, P. J. Lomas, P. Noll, N.A.C. Gottardi, D.J. Ward, A. Taroni, B Green, A. Tanga, J.A. How, C. Lowry, P.H. Rebut, and J. O'Rourke

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Jet (fluid), Tokamak, Materials science, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Ion, Plasma current, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Electric current, Atomic physics, Alternating current
Abstract

A full cycle of AC tokamak operation, at a plasma current of ±2 MA, has been demonstrated in JET. The plasma purity in the two half-cycles was equal, with an effective ion charge of two at an average density of 1.2 × 1019 m-3. Dwell times between the two plasmas of between 50 ms and 6 s were obtained. The range of pre-fill pressure for successful breakdown of the second plasma was between 1.5 and 6.0 mPa, comparable to that in normal JET breakdown. Within the range, the second breakdown was not significantly affected by gas release from the vessel walls

Published
1992
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22. Plasma wall interaction and its implication in an all tungsten divertor tokamak

Author

Emanuele Poli, Y. R. Martin, L. Fattorini, Fernando Meo, M. Sertoli, G. Tardini, M. Garcia Munoz, T T Ribeiro, Qiang Yu, E. Vainonen-Ahlgren, Laure Vermare, G. Haas, K. Lackner, W. Sandmann, O. J. W. F. Kardaun, M. Rott, R. Merkel, K.-H. Steuer, Piero Martin, A. Kallenbach, P. de Marne, K. Gál, Alberto Bottino, N. Hicks, M. Gemisic-Adamov, Michael Kaufmann, Bruce D. Scott, A. Gude, J. Stober, H. Zohm, V. Mertens, H. D. Murmann, C. V. Atanasiu, K.H. Behringer, D. Wagner, V. Igochine, J.-M. Noterdaeme, Th. Pütterich, K. Sassenberg, A. Flaws, M. Püschel, F. Serra, G. Neu, H. Kollotzek, A. Bergmann, R. Pugno, H. W. Müller, W. Schustereder, K. McCormick, H. Meister, H. Greuner, R. Bilato, M. Huart, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, A. Lohs, R. Schrittwieser, W. Becker, F. Ryter, F. Merz, V. Bobkov, H. F. Meyer, M. Mlynek, Julia Fuchs, M. Mayer, C. F. Maggi, D. Holtum, F. Braun, Peter Lang, J. Hobirk, Taina Kurki-Suonio, A. C. C. Sips, S. da Graca, W. Suttrop, M. Balden, Marco Brambilla, T. Eich, H. Maier, J. M. Santos, M. Wischmeier, C. Tröster, Garrard Conway, E. Würsching, B. Nold, T. Bertoncelli, B. Reiter, M. Zilker, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, Ch. Hopf, C. Angioni, Sibylle Günter, A. Stäbler, R. Riedl, E. Speth, G. Kocsis, Thomas Zehetbauer, Philipp Lauber, S. Kálvin, J. Schirmer, G. V. Pereverzev, K. Engelhardt, C. Tichmann, E. Wolfrum, P. Varela, A. Manini, Patrick J. McCarthy, J. Harhausen, J. Roth, S. Gori, H.-U. Fahrbach, A. Scarabosio, Bernd Heinemann, L. D. Horton, M. E. Manso, Lin Liu, A. Schmid, P. Merkel, Rudolf Neu, D. Yadikin, L. Giannone, C. Konz, M. Maraschek, F. Monaco, E. Strumberger, R. Fischer, J. Fink, K. Mank, S. Dietrich, G. Pautasso, R. Drube, R. Dux, V. Rohde, A. Sigalov, A. Buhler, Martin Laux, Jari Likonen, D. P. Coster, J. Schweinzer, L. Urso, G. Schall, D. Zasche, Ursel Fantz, G. Schramm, A. V. Chankin, K. Behler, Gerhard Raupp, K. Krieger, O. Gruber, K. Dimova, S. Schweizer, J. Neuhauser, A. Herrmann, M. Reich, B. Kurzan, P. Franzen, U. Seidel, M. Kick, and W. Treutterer

Subjects
Tokamak, Materials science, Divertor, Facing Components, Transport, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, Plasma, Effective radiated power, Tungsten, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Alcator C-Mod, chemistry, ASDEX Upgrade, Erosion, law, Iter-Like Wall, Atomic physics, Asdex Upgrade Divertor, Operation
Abstract

ASDEX Upgrade has recently finished its transition towards an all-W divertor tokamak, by the exchange of the last remaining graphite tiles to W-coated ones. The plasma start-up was performed without prior boronization. It was found that the large He content in the plasma, resulting from DC glow discharges for conditioning, leads to a confinement reduction. After the change to D glow for inter-shot conditioning, the He content quickly dropped and, in parallel, the usual H-Mode confinement with H factors close to one was achieved. After the initial conditioning phase, oxygen concentrations similar to that in previous campaigns with boronizations could be achieved. Despite the removal of all macroscopic carbon sources, no strong change in C influxes and C content could be observed so far. The W concentrations are similar to the ones measured previously in discharges with old boronization and only partial coverage of the surfaces with W. Concomitantly it is found that although the W erosion flux in the divertor is larger than the W sources in the main chamber in most of the scenarios, it plays only a minor role for the W content in the main plasma. For large antenna distances and strong gas puffing, ICRH power coupling could be optimized to reduce the W influxes. This allowed a similar increase of stored energy as yielded with comparable beam power. However, a strong increase of radiated power and a loss of H-Mode was observed for conditions with high temperature edge plasma close to the antennas. The use of ECRH allowed keeping the central peaking of the W concentration low and even phases of improved H-modes have already been achieved.

Published
2007
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23. Formulation, characterization, and efficacy of an adenosine-containing dissolvable film for a localized anti-wrinkle effect

Author

J Y, Legendre, I, Schnitzler, Q-Y, Li, C, Hausen, M, Huart, G S, Luengo, M L, Abella, and M, Roreger

Subjects
Adenosine, Polymers, Cosmetics, Middle Aged, Administration, Cutaneous, Severity of Illness Index, Skin Aging, Drug Delivery Systems, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Female, Single-Blind Method, Facial Dermatoses, Aged, Skin
Abstract

A water-dissolvable film was developed to topically deliver adenosine for a localized anti-wrinkle effect. The polymers used to produce the film were cellulose derivatives. An aqueous mixture of the film components was made, coated on a liner, and then dried to form a solid film. No preservatives were added and the film was shown to be stable over time. The film quickly dissolves in water to form a uniform layer at the surface of the skin, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The film layer can still be visualized on the wrinkle six hours after being applied on the skin. A randomized, placebo-controlled, investigator-blind study was conducted in female volunteers to assess the efficacy of the 1% adenosine-containing dissolvable film. After three weeks and eight weeks, a twice daily application led to a significant decrease in the skin roughness parameters as observed using fast optical in vivo topometry (FOITS). These results demonstrate that water-dissolvable films may be used as novel, preservative-free, cosmetic delivery systems.

Published
2006

25. Power supplies for the stabilisation of plasma vertical position: recent upgrades and future development

Author

P.L. Mondino, T. Bonicelli, M. Huart, M. Garribba, D. Chiron, and P. Noll

Subjects
Engineering, surgical procedures, operative, Amplitude, Reliability (semiconductor), Control theory, business.industry, Amplifier, Vertical direction, Circulating current, Plasma, business, Voltage, Power (physics)
Abstract

The authors report on the improvement of the radial field amplifier (RFA) and on its subsequent positive effect on the plasma vertical stabilization. It is noted that the work carried out on the RFA has enabled an increase in reliability and performance. Full output voltage swings no longer lead to large circulating current excursions and subsequently to trips of the amplifier with loss of plasma vertical control. For small output voltage variations (amplitude >

Published
2002
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26. AC operation of JET tokamak: modification of the JET poloidal field system

Author

B.J.D. Tubbing, D. Chiron, I. Benfatto, M. Garribba, M. Huart, P. Noll, and N. Dolgetta

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Dwell time, Tokamak, law, Demagnetizing field, Joint European Torus, Phase (waves), Effective radiated power, Atomic physics, Plasma stability, Computational physics, law.invention
Abstract

The authors report on the preparation and technical performance of experiments on the JET (Joint European Torus) tokamak aimed at producing one cycle of alternating plasma current. After analyzing the revised scenario of the poloidal field circuit in relation to the different phases of the plasma current discharge they report in detail on the modification of the JET poloidal field system. Preliminary experiments successfully demonstrated, at large plasma current, one full cycle of an AC tokamak operation. The two half cycles are characterized by the same Z/sub eff/ and the same radiated power at the same density, and the same reaction rate for the same ICRH (ion cyclotron resonance heating) power. A short dwell time, primarily determined by the vertical stray field and the prefill pressure, was demonstrated. The experiment indicates that the duration of the plasma current reversal phase in this mode of operation is dominated by the plasma current rampdown and the plasma current rise. >

Published
2002
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27. The development and testing of a 66 kA by-pass switch with arc commutation capability for the ITER coil power supply system

Author

T. Bonicelli, J. Neuser, M. Huart, D. Hrabal, E. Sachs, and B. Bareyt

Subjects
Arc (geometry), Engineering, Distribution board, Electromagnetic coil, business.industry, Vacuum circuit breakers, Test program, Electrical engineering, Commutation cell, Commutation, business, Power (physics)
Abstract

Mechanical by-pass switches rated for a continuous current of 60 kA and provided with some arc commutation capability are required in the ITER discharging networks to be connected in parallel to the main vacuum circuit breakers. The development work was carried out on a suitable industrial switch and was aimed at increasing substantially its voltage rating and at improving its speed of operation. A fully rated commutating unit was built and subjected to an extensive test program aimed at its full characterisation.

Published
2002
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28. ITER coil power supply

Author

D. Hrabal, B. Barey, M. Huart, A. Mikhailov, A. Roshal, N. Daniel, S. Bulgakov, I. Benfatto, C. Neumeyer, A. Nerem, P.L. Mondino, V. Kuchinski, J.-M. Bottereau, M. Matsukawa, Alvise Maschio, and E. Bertolini

Subjects
Engineering, Electromagnet, business.industry, Iter tokamak, Electrical engineering, Converters, Fusion power, Power (physics), law.invention, Electromagnetic coil, law, Electric power, business, Electronic circuit
Abstract

An overview of the present design of the ITER coil power supply system is presented, along with brief descriptions of the main components including the AC/DC converters, switching networks, and discharge circuits.

Published
2002
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29. The TF ripple experiment modification of the JET toroidal field system

Author

P.G. Smith, V. Marchese, D. Chiron, G. Sannazzaro, P. Doyle, B. Tubbing, G. Zullo, and M. Huart

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Field (physics), business.industry, Divertor, Ripple, Electrical engineering, Particle, Fusion power, business, Pulse (physics), Magnetic field, Computational physics
Abstract

The interleaved structure of the TF coils allows to obtain a programmable TF ripple field by feeding the two sub-sets of the TF coils with different currents. This would allow to vary the ripple field within one JET pulse and allow a direct assessment of the increased ripple on confinement time, fast particle losses, plasma rotation and H-mode. The TF ripple experiment (RIPPLE 2) was carried out in the pumped divertor configuration in conditions relevant to ITER. In this configuration, the normal field ripple at the plasma edge is about 0.1%. In the experiment, the ripple field was varied up to 2% at the plasma edge, the plasma current was typically 2-3 MA and the TF field 2-2.5 T.

Published
2002
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30. First results with the modified JET

Author

S. Clement, P. Nielsen, D. V. Bartlett, R. Goulding, M. Bures, P. Boucquey, R. Claesen, M. Cox, P. Breger, W. Suverkropp, M. L. Watkins, S. Richards, C. J. Hancock, I. D. Young, P. Card, T. Raimondi, H. Jaeckl, R. Ostrom, J. Mart, Henrik Bindslev, E. van der Goot, C. Woodward, D. Summers, R. König, B. Schunke, T. Hender, E. Thompson, F. Sartori, F. Cecil, P. Chuilon, T. T. C. Jones, S. Milani, G. Saibene, R. Prentice, B. Macklin, L. Svensson, J. Lingertat, P. Smeulders, R. L. Shaw, N. Watkins, R. J. M. Pearce, H. van der Beken, N. C. Hawkes, J. Jacquinot, P. Stubberfield, N. G. Kidd, T. P. Hughes, T. Elevant, R. Monk, W. Zwingmann, J.A. Hoekzema, S. Papastergiou, G. Vlases, R. Lasser, B. Fischer, S. L. Dmitrenko, C. D. Challis, L. Lauro-Taroni, F. Hurd, R. T. Ross, R. Cusack, D. Wilson, H. Brelen, David Campbell, A. C. Maas, G. Cottrell, E. Bertolini, J. How, J. Plancoulaine, R. Russ, O. Da Costa, K. Lawson, J. P. Poffe, N. Peacock, L. Porte, L. Galbiati, S. Ali-Arshad, B. Ingram, B. Alper, R. Wolf, K. Fullard, E. Oord, H. Altmann, A. M. Edwards, C. Terella, C. Lowry, D. Martin, E. Deksnis, A. Rossi, D. O'Brien, S. J. Davies, J. J. Davis, F. Marcus, R. Giannella, C. Walker, V. Bhatnagar, C. A. Steed, A. Gibson, F. Jensen, A. Ekedahl, M. Baronian, J. M. Adams, M. A. Pick, E. M. Jones, N. P. Hawkes, G. D'Antona, P. Schild, L. Horton, J. Freiling, D. Bond, G. Sadler, Wolfgang Kerner, D. Stork, N. Davies, S. K. Erents, R. Simonini, Michael Loughlin, M. Stamp, M. Schmid, P. J. Harbour, L. Zannelli, M. Schaffer, R. D. Gill, F. Nguyen, M. Gadeberg, A. Tanga, A. Haigh, B. Balet, F. Junique, G. Matthews, M. Johnson, G. Sanazzaro, P. R. Thomas, T. Budd, J. L. Hemmerich, G. Benali, A. Peacock, S. E. Dorling, G. McCormick, J. Dobbing, J. F. Jaeger, P. Andrew, P. Froissard, C. Perry, A. Santagiustina, M. von Hellermann, W. Bailey, D. Ward, C. Caldwell-Nichols, B. Patel, G. Celentano, T. Wade, V. V. Parail, T. Businaro, E. Lazzaro, A. C. Bell, G. Vayakis, G. Fishpool, H. Deesch, F. Rimini, S. Colombi, S. Puppin, B. Tubbing, W. Obert, A. C. C. Sips, F. Soldner, J. Christiansen, A. Sibley, N. Zornig, A. Rookes, M. Salisbury, A. Kaye, D. Chiron, N. A. Gottardi, J. Wesson, S. Sharapov, T. Martin, S. Weber, P. Lomas, D. Campling, P. Lamalle, A. Rolfe, M. Cooke, D. Goodall, A. J. Bickley, N. Deliyanakis, P. Morgan, A. Tesini, B. Fechner, I. Hutchinson, M. Garribba, R. Reichle, F. Porcelli, R. Barnsley, G. Newbert, G. Murphy, M. Tabellini, P. Stangeby, M. Huart, S. Cooper, E. Righi, L. Rossi, K. Borras, L. G. Eriksson, C. F. Maggi, C. Froger, J. G. Cordey, N. Dolgetta, H. Buttgereit, O. Pogutse, Y. Agarici, S. M. Scott, S. Ishida, D. F. Start, P. E. Stott, A. Meigs, W. J. Brewerton, H. D. Falter, M. Keilhacker, J. P. Coad, V. Marchese, A. Dines, A. Gondhalekar, M. Irving, C. Gowers, H. Guo, K. Thomsen, C. Laviron, C. Gormezano, A. Taroni, A. Howman, P. Kupschus, T. Szabo, M. Ottaviani, P. Burton, P. Ageladarakis, O. N. Jarvis, J. Ehrenberg, P. Savrukhin, T. Bonicelli, M. J. Watson, Y. Baranov, H. Duquenoy, T. Brown, Ambrogio Fasoli, P. G. Doyle, P. Crawley, G. Radford, L. P. D. F. Jones, B. E. Keen, P. Noll, M. Brandon, U. Gerstel, T. Winkel, R. Smith, J. F. Junger, E. Lyadina, P. Barker, F. Nave, P. J. Howarth, M. Lennholm, K. Blackler, H. McBryan, C. Grisolia, R. Sartori, and H. Summers

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Power (physics), Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ___, Power handling, Electron heating, Current (fluid), Scaling
Abstract

JET was extensively modified in the 1992/93 shutdown. The new pumped divertor and many new systems were brought into operation early in 1994. Operations have progressed to 4MA plasma current and, with substantial additional heating, H-mode confinement results confirm the expected scaling. The high power handling capability of the pumped divertor with sweeping is estimated at 20MW for 20s. H-mode plasmas have large Type I ELMs. With lower hybrid heating alone, 2MA full current drive has been achieved with good efficiency, with ICRF power, effective heating and direct electron heating have been demonstrated.

Published
1994
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31. Formulation, characterization, and efficacy of an adenosine-containing dissolvable film for a localized anti-wrinkle effect

Author

M. Huart, Schnitzler I, Li Qy, M. L. Abella, Legendre Jy, Gustavo S. Luengo, M. Roreger, and Hausen C

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Aging, Aqueous solution, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Pharmaceutical Science, Cellulose derivatives, Nanotechnology, Dermatology, Polymer, Adenosine, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Anti wrinkle, Drug Discovery, medicine, medicine.symptom, Composite material, Layer (electronics), Wrinkle, medicine.drug
Abstract

A water-dissolvable film was developed to topically deliver adenosine for a localized anti-wrinkle effect. The polymers used to produce the film were cellulose derivatives. An aqueous mixture of the film components was made, coated on a liner, and then dried to form a solid film. No preservatives were added and the film was shown to be stable over time. The film quickly dissolves in water to form a uniform layer at the surface of the skin, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The film layer can still be visualized on the wrinkle six hours after being applied on the skin. A randomized, placebo-controlled, investigator-blind study was conducted in female volunteers to assess the efficacy of the 1% adenosine-containing dissolvable film. After three weeks and eight weeks, a twice daily application led to a significant decrease in the skin roughness parameters as observed using fast optical in vivo topometry (FOITS). These results demonstrate that water-dissolvable films may be used as novel, preservative-free, cosmetic delivery systems.

Published
2008
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32. JET Flywheel Generators

Author

L Sonnerup and M Huart

Subjects
Engineering, Rotor (electric), business.industry, Joint European Torus, General Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Electric generator, Flywheel, Energy storage, law.invention, Acceleration, Critical speed, Thrust bearing, law, business
Abstract

Two large vertical shaft flywheel generators each provides the JET (Joint European Torus) device with peak power up to 400 MW and energy up to 2600 MJ per pulse to induce and confine the multi-mega-ampère plasma current. The integrated rotor flywheel consists of a 650 tonne/10 m diameter rim carrying the poles of the machine. The energy is stored kinetically during a 9 min interval of acceleration from half-speed to full-speed and then released during a 20 s long deceleration. A design life of 100 000 cycles at full energy rating was specified. Following a review of the mechanical design and construction of the generators, the paper will concentrate on the assessment of the stresses and fatigue life of the rotor system, its dynamic behaviour (rim movement, critical speed and balancing) and on the performance in operation of the large thrust bearing.

Published
1986
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33. Plasma heating in JET

Author

A Ainsworth, H Altmann, R J Anderson, J Arbez, D Bartlett, W Bailey, K Behringer, E Bertolini, P Bertoldi, C H Best, V Bhatnagar, R J Bickerton, G Boissin, T Bonicelli, S Booth, A Boschi, G Bosia, M Botman, H Brelen, H Brinkschulte, M L Browne, M Brusati, T Budd, M Bures, P Butcher, H Buttgereit, D Cacaut, C Caldwell-Nichols, D Campbell, J Carwardine, G Celentano, C D Challis, A Cheetman, J Christiansen, C Christodoulopoulos, P Chuilon, R Claesen, J P Coad, M Cooke, J G Cordey, W Core, S Corti, A E Costley, G Cottrell, J Dean, E Deksnis, G Deschamps, K J Dietz, J Dobbing, S E Dorling, D F Duechs, G Duesing, H Duquenoy, L de Kock, A Edwards, W Engelhardt, F Erhorn, B Eriksson, H Falter, T Hellsten, J L Hemmerich, R Hemsworth, F Hendriks, R F Herzog, L Horton, J How, M Huart, A Hubbard, M Hugon, P Jones, J Kaeline, A Kaellne, A Kaye, B E Keen, M Keilhacker, G Kinahan, A Konstantellos, P Kupschus, P Lallia, J R Last, N Foden, C Froger, K Fullard, A Galetsas, A Gallacher, A Gibson, R D Gill, A Geode, A Gondhalekar, N A Gottardi, C Gowers, R Granetz, B Green, S Gregoli, F S Griph, R Haange, C J Hancock, P Harbour, R F Herog, J Kaellne, L Lauro-Taroni, E Lazzaro, R C Lobel, P Lomas, M Lorenzo-Gottardi, C Lowry, G Magyar, D Maissonneir, M Malacarne, V Marchese, P Massmann, P McMullen, M J Mead, P Meriguet, V Merlo, S Mills, P Millward, A Moissonnier, P L Mondini, P Morgan, G Murphy, M F Nave, L Nickesson, P Nielson, P Noll, S Nowak, W Obert, B Oliver, M Olsson, J O'Rourke, M G Pacco, J Paillere, L Pannacione, S Papastergiou, D Pasini, M Pescatore, J Planncoulaine, J P Poffe, R Prentice, T Raimondi, C Raymond, P H Rebut, J Removille, W Riediker, R Roberts, A Rolfe, R T Ross, G Sadler, J Saffert, N Salmon, A Sand, A Santagiustina, R Saunders, M Schmid, F C Schueller, K Selin, R Shaw, D Sigournay, R Simonini, P Smeulders, L Sonnerup, K Sonnenberg, M Stamp, C A Steed, D Stork, P E Stott, T E Stringer, D Summers, A Tanga, A Taroni, A Terrington, A Tesini, P R Thomas, E Thompson, F Tibone, R Tivery, E Usselmann, H Van der Beken, M Von Hellerman, J E Van Montfoort, T Wade, C Walker, B A Wallander, M Walravens, K Walter, M L Watkins, M Watson, D Webberley, J Wesson, J Wilks, T Winkel, C Woodward, M Wykes, D Young, L Zennelili, J Zwart, B Beaumont, D Gambier, D Moreau, J Ehrenberg, H Jaeckel, S Kissel, U Kuephnapfel, R Mueller, A Staebler, A Weller, J H Hamnen, M Evrared, M Gadeberg, K Thomsen, P Dupperrex, G Tonetti, N Lopez-Cardozo, B Tubbing, J Von Seggern, J Tagle, F Bombarda, G Bracco, R Giannella, R Carolan, M Cox, M Forrest, D Goodall, N Hawkes, P Haynes, J Hugill, K D Lawson, G McCracken, J Partridge, N Peacock, J Snipes, T Todd, H Schamel, H Summers, and S Tsuji

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Settore FIS/03, Materials science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Resonance, Electron temperature, Plasma, Sawtooth wave, Electron, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, Ion
Abstract

Heating the JET plasma well above temperatures reached in the ohmic phase is the aim of the two additional heating systems planned for JET: ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRF) and neutral beam injection (NBI). Operations with the latter started in February 1986, initially with hydrogen injection, up to a power level of 7 MW. ICRF power has been delivered to the plasma by three antennae and has reached power levels of 6 MW for 2 s. In most experiments, the frequency of the waves is adjusted to position the minority ion resonance layer close to the centre of the discharge, resulting in a centrally peaked power deposition profile. Results have also shown that the increase of the volume averaged electron temperature was much less dependent on the radial position of the ion resonance layer than were the central temperatures of both ions and electrons which can both approach 5 keV. In cases of 'on axis' heating, large increases in the sawtooth activity is observed with sawtooth periods exceeding 0.3 s. Initial results with NBI have shown a decrease of the global energy confinement time with additional power similar to the one observed with ICRF heating.

Published
1986
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34. Start up and initial operation of JET

Author

K.J. Dietz, D. Bartlett, G. Bäumel, K. Behringer, E. Bertolini, C. Best, R.J. Bickerton, F. Bombi, A. Boschi, M.L. Browne, M. Brusati, A. Bulliard, D. Campbell, P.J. Carolan, R. Clausing, J. Christiansen, P. Chuilon, J.G. Gordey, A. Costley, L. De Kock, D.F. Düchs, G. Duesing, R.K.F. Emergy, W.W. Engelhardt, T. Eriksson, M.J. Forrest, C. Froger, K. Fullard, A. Gibson, R. Gill, A. Gondhalekar, C. Gowers, B.J. Green, J. Hemmerich, M. Huart, C.A. Hugenholtz, M. Huguet, O.N. Jarvis, B.E. Jensen, H. Krause, P. Kupschus, J. Last, E. Lazzaro, G.M. McCracken, G. Magyar, F.K. Mast, M. Mead, P.L. Mondino, P. Morgan, A.W. Morris, L. Nickesson, H. Niedermeyer, P. Noll, J. Paillere, N.J. Peacock, M. Pick, C. Raymond, P.H. Rebut, R. Ross, G. Sadler, V. Schmidt, F.C. Schüller, K. Sonnenberg, M.F. Stamp, C.A. Steed, A. Stella, P.E. Stott, D. Summers, A. Tanga, P.R. Thomas, E. Usselmann, P. Van Belle, H. Van Der Beken, J.E. Van Montfoort, F. Waelbroeck, J.A. Wesson, T. Winkel, J. Winter, and J. Zwart

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Impurity, Chemistry, General Materials Science, Plasma, Electron, Radius, Atomic physics, Start up, Line (formation)
Abstract

After five years of construction JET started its operation in June 1983. In December plasmas with peak currents of 3 MA were produced. Flat top times of a few seconds were obtained for currents of 2.4 MA. The plasmas were slightly elongated ( ~ 20%) with a minor radius of about 1 m. Line densities (peak values) reached 7 × 10 19 m −2 , electron temperatures on the axis 1.5–2 keV and energy confinement times 0.3 s. The paper describes the state of the machine, the methods employed for impurity control and summarises the experimental results obtained during 1983.

Published
1984
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35. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JET POLOIDAL FIELD POWER SUPPLIES TO REACH THE NOMINAL FLUX SWING CAPABILITY

Author

A. Santagiustina, T. Bonicelli, P.L. Mondino, and M. Huart

Subjects
Engineering, Jet (fluid), business.industry, Nuclear engineering, Electrical engineering, Flux, Poloidal field, Swing, business, Power (physics)
Abstract

After a review of the results obtained and of the modifications performed, on the poloidal field system, during the first three years of operation, the paper describes the progress development, on the power supplies, to reach the nominal flux swing capability of JET.

Published
1986
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36. THE PERFORMANCE OF JET PF SYSTEM FOR 7MA MATERIAL LIMITER AND 5MA MAGNETIC LIMITER OPERATION

Author

A. SANTAGIUSTINA, E. BERTOLINI, T. BONICELLI, M. HUART, J. LAST, P. LOMAS, V. MARCHESE, P.L. MONDINO, P. NOLL, F. PETREE, C. RAYMOND, and A. TANGA

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Nuclear magnetic resonance, Materials science, Separatrix, Nuclear engineering, Limiter, Plasma
Abstract

The JET PF Circuit enhancements have allowed operation with plasma currents up to 7MA with a material limiter configuration and up to 5MA with a magnetic separatrix. This paper summarises the latest major modifications of the PF Circuit and describes their commissioning and their performance in operation.

Published
1989
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37. LARGE FLYWHEEL GENERATOR DIODE CONVERTOR FOR THE JET TOKAMAK

Author

M Huart and E Beedham

Subjects
Flywheel energy storage, Engineering, Jet (fluid), Tokamak, Toroidal and poloidal, business.industry, Nuclear engineering, Electrical engineering, Flywheel, law.invention, Generator (circuit theory), law, Current (fluid), business, Diode
Abstract

Two large vertical shaft generators with integrated flywheel energy storage and output diode rectifiers will deliver DC pulses of current up to lOOkA and energy up to 2600 MJ to the toroidal and poloidal field coils of the JET Tokamak.

Published
1981
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39. Latest results from JET

Author

R J Bickerton, F Alladio, D V Bartlett, K Behringer, R Behrisch, E Bertolini, C Best, T Bonicelli, G Bracco, M Brusati, D J Campbell, P G Carolan, J Christiansen, P Chuilon, J P Coad, J G Cordey, S Corti, A E Costley, F Crisanti, C deMichelis, B Denne, K J Dietz, D F Duechs, P A Duperrex, A Edwards, S Ejima, W W Engelhardt, J Ehrenberg, S K Erents, B T Ericksson, M J Forrest, M Gadeberg, A Gibson, R Gill, A Godhalekar, D Goodall, N Gottardi, C Gowers, B J Green, G Grosso, N C Hawkes, J Hemmerich, F Hendricks, M Huart, M Huguet, J Jacquinot, O N Jarvis, E M Jones, E Kallne, J C Kallne, A Kellman, S Kissel, L de Kock, H Krause, H Kukral, P Lallia, J Last, E Lazzaro, P Lomas, G McCracken, G Magyar, M Malacarne, M Mansfield, V Marchese, P Martinelli, F K Mast, P L Mondino, P D Morgan, A W Morris, G Murphy, M F F Nave, P Nielsen, R M Niestadt, P Noll, J O'Rourke, D Pasini, N J Peacock, H W Piekaar, A Pochelon, R Prentice, P H Rebut, D C Robinson, R Ross, G Sadler, A Santaguistina, F C Schueller, S Segre, M F Stamp, P Stangeby, C A Steed, P E Stott, T E Stringer, D Summers, H P Summers, J A Tagle, A Tanga, A Taroni, P R Thomas, K Thomsen, G Tonetti, B J D Tubbing, M Turner, M Valisa, P van Belle, H van der Beken, M L Watkins, J A Wesson, and V Zanza

Subjects
Glow discharge, Range (particle radiation), Jet (fluid), Electron density, Materials science, Tokamak, Condensed Matter Physics, Methane, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, law, Atomic physics, Joule heating, Scaling
Abstract

JET tokamak performance has been progressively raised, culminating in operation at the full design level of 5 MA plasma current in a toroidal field at 3.4 T. the plasma current, position, shape and line-average electron density are controlled by feed-back systems. By glow discharge cleaning in H 2/methane mixtures, the interior of the vessel has been coated with carbon. This reduces the fraction of power radiated

Published
1986
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40. OPERATION OF THE MAGNET POWER SUPPLIES. RELIABILITY AND IMPROVEMENTS

Author

M. Huart, T. Eriksson, C. Raymond, and A. Moissonnier

Subjects
Engineering, Mains electricity, Switched-mode power supply, business.industry, Electrical engineering, High voltage, Flywheel, law.invention, law, Resistor, Switched-mode power supply applications, business, Circuit breaker, Electronic circuit
Abstract

The JET Magnet Power Supply Scheme includes a combination of flywheel generator-diode rectifiers and mains driven transformer-thyristor rectifiers for the supply of energy to the coils and a switching network with air blast circuit breakers and commutating resistors for inducing the high voltage required for the plasma initiation.

Published
1986
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41. THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF A BOOST AMPLIFIER FOR THE VERTICAL FIELD POWER SUPPLY OF JET

Author

O. Buc, M. Huart, D. Ciscato, G.L. Basile, and J.K. Goff

Subjects
Integrated gate-commutated thyristor, Computer science, law, business.industry, Amplifier, Electrical engineering, Thyristor, Systems design, High voltage, Transformer, business, Vertical field, law.invention
Abstract

The Poloidal Vertical Field Boost Amplifier (PVFB) is designed solely to assist the plasma start-up phase in JET (1–2s)). Its rating of 11kV no load, 6.0kA DC is obtained from four identical modules each consisting of dry-type transformer and air-cooled thyristor rectifiers mounted in high voltage decks. The paper will review the system design of the power supply, the layout of control and protection, the firing generation and monitoring as well as the thyristor failure detection. Finally, the paper will review the factory tests performed on the equipment.

Published
1989
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50. Regulatory Crosstalk between Physiological Low O 2 Concentration and Notch Pathway in Early Erythropoiesis.

Author

Labat V, Bayard ENVTD, Refeyton A, Huart M, Avalon M, Debeissat C, Rodriguez L, de la Grange PB, Ivanovic Z, and Vlaski-Lafarge M

Subjects
Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Fetal Blood, Oxygen metabolism, Erythroid Precursor Cells metabolism, Erythropoiesis genetics
Abstract

Physiological low oxygen (O2) concentration (<5%) favors erythroid development ex vivo. It is known that low O2 concentration, via the stabilization of hypoxia-induced transcription factors (HIFs), intervenes with Notch signaling in the control of cell fate. In addition, Notch activation is implicated in the regulation of erythroid differentiation. We test here if the favorable effects of a physiological O2 concentration (3%) on the amplification of erythroid progenitors implies a cooperation between HIFs and the Notch pathway. To this end, we utilized a model of early erythropoiesis ex vivo generated from cord blood CD34+ cells transduced with shHIF1α and shHIF2α at 3% O2 and 20% O2 in the presence or absence of the Notch pathway inhibitor. We observed that Notch signalization was activated by Notch2R−Jagged1 ligand interaction among progenitors. The inhibition of the Notch pathway provoked a modest reduction in erythroid cell expansion and promoted erythroid differentiation. ShHIF1α and particularly shHIF2α strongly impaired erythroid progenitors’ amplification and differentiation. Additionally, HIF/NOTCH signaling intersects at the level of multipotent progenitor erythroid commitment and amplification of BFU-E. In that, both HIFs contribute to the expression of Notch2R and Notch target gene HES1. Our study shows that HIF, particularly HIF2, has a determining role in the early erythroid development program, which includes Notch signaling.

Published
2022
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