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White dwarfs that accrete from non-degenerate companions show anomalous carbon and nitrogen abundances in the photospheres of their stellar components have been postulated to be descendants of supersoft X-ray binaries. Measuring the carbon-to-nitrogen abundance ratio may provide constraints on their past evolution. We fit far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of the cataclysmic variable HS 0218 + 3229 taken with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, and found the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is about one tenth of the Solar value $(\rm{\log \mathrm{[C/N]}}=-0.56\pm 0.15)$. We also provide estimates of the silicon and aluminium abundances, and upper limits for iron and oxygen. Using the parameters we derived for HS 0218 + 3229 we reconstruct its past. We calculated a grid of mesa models and implemented Gaussian process fits in order to determine its most likely initial binary configuration. We found that an initial mass of the donor of $M_{\rm donor;i}=0.90-0.98,\rm{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$ and an initial orbital period of Porb; i = 2.88 d (Porb; i = 3.12–3.16 d) for an assumed initial white dwarf mass of $\rm{M_{\mathrm{WD}}}_\mathrm{;i}=0.83\, \rm{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$$(\rm{M_{\mathrm{WD}}}_{\rm ;i}=0.60\, \rm{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }})$ can replicate the measured parameters. The low mass ratio, $M_{\rm donor;i} / \rm{M_{\mathrm{WD}}}_{\rm ;i} =1.08-1.18\, (1.5-1.63)$, suggests that the system did not go through a phase of hydrogen-burning on the white dwarf’s surface. However, we can not exclude a phase of thermal time-scale mass transfer in the past. We predict that HS 0218 + 3229 will evolve below the ≃ 76.2 ± 1 min period minimum for normal cataclysmic variables.

Increasing shrub density hinders cattle raising in central Argentina rangelands. While roller-chopping and hand-cutting are used to remove shrubs and make land accessible for cattle grazing, studies on the effects of these practices on ecosystem composition, structure and functioning are scarce. We assessed the impact of shrub removal on (a) vegetation cover, composition, species richness and diversity and (b) green biomass and seasonal phenological dynamics. We used a randomised design with three treatments (degraded rangeland; roller-chopping and hand-cutting) with four replicates, and compared the treatments with the least disturbed woodland (conserved woodland). Cenchrus ciliaris L. was sown following removal treatments and grass cover increased significantly (45% roller-chopping and 84% hand-cutting vs 27% degraded rangeland, and 13% conserved woodland), and tree cover decreased (3% roller-chopping and 2% hand-cutting vs 16% degraded rangeland, and 23% conserved woodland). Shrub cover reached 45% under roller-chopping, similar to the degraded rangeland treatment (46% degraded rangeland, 60% conserved woodland), but in hand-cutting reached only 3% cover. Hand-cutting reduced species richness and vegetation diversity, whereas roller-chopping had no effect. Shrub-removal treatments decreased normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI; proxy of green biomass) and modified ecosystem phenology. Under both shrub treatments, the maximum, minimum and integral NDVI (area under the NDVI curve) were significantly lower than those of the degraded rangeland treatment. The results suggest that shrub-removal practices increase forage for livestock, but reduce functional diversity and compromise the return to less disturbed states (woodland), where tree populations are maintained.

The worldwide decline of coral reefs has renewed interest in coral communities at the edge of environmental limits because they have the potential to serve as resilience hotspots and climate change refugia, and can provide insights into how coral reefs might function in future ocean conditions. These coral communities are often referred to as marginal or extreme but few definitions exist and usage of these terms has therefore been inconsistent. This creates significant challenges for categorising these often poorly studied communities and synthesising data across locations. Furthermore, this impedes our understanding of how coral communities can persist at the edge of their environmental limits and the lessons they provide for future coral reef survival. Here, we propose that marginal and extreme coral communities are related but distinct and provide a novel conceptual framework to redefine them. Specifically, we define coral reef extremeness solely based on environmental conditions (i.e., large deviations from optimal conditions in terms of mean and/or variance) and marginality solely based on ecological criteria (i.e., altered community composition and/or ecosystem functioning). This joint but independent assessment of environmental and ecological criteria is critical to avoid common pitfalls where coral communities existing outside the presumed optimal conditions for coral reef development are automatically considered inferior to coral reefs in more traditional settings. We further evaluate the differential potential of marginal and extreme coral communities to serve as natural laboratories, resilience hotspots and climate change refugia, and discuss strategies for their conservation and management as well as priorities for future research. Our new classification framework provides an important tool to improve our understanding of how corals can persist at the edge of their environmental limits and how we can leverage this knowledge to optimise strategies for coral reef conservation, restoration and management in a rapidly changing ocean.

Resumen Antecedentes Los pacientes ancianos con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) presentan una elevada comorbilidad que conlleva una atencion fragmentada, con frecuentes hospitalizaciones y alta mortalidad. En este estudio se evaluo el beneficio de un modelo asistencial caracterizado por una atencion integral y continuada (programa UMIPIC), en pacientes con IC de edad avanzada. Metodos y resultados Se analizaron prospectivamente 2.862 pacientes con IC atendidos en servicios de Medicina Interna, procedentes del registro RICA. Se dividieron en 2 grupos: uno en seguimiento en el programa UMIPIC (grupo UMIPIC, n: 809) y otro atendido de forma convencional (grupo RICA, n: 2053). Se evaluaron los reingresos por IC durante 12 meses de seguimiento y la mortalidad total tras un episodio de hospitalizacion por IC. Los pacientes del grupo UMIPIC tuvieron mas edad, comorbilidades y fraccion de eyeccion preservada que los del grupo RICA. Sin embargo, el grupo UMIPIC tuvo una menor tasa de reingresos por IC (17 frente a 26%, p Conclusiones La implantacion del programa UMIPIC, basado en una atencion integral y continuada a pacientes ancianos con IC y elevada comorbilidad, disminuye significativamente los reingresos por IC y la mortalidad total.

Huanglongbing (HLB) disease has caused a severe decline in citrus production globally over the past decade. There is a need for improved nutrient regimens to better manage the productivity of HLB-affected trees, as current guidelines are based on healthy trees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer application methods and rates with different planting densities on HLB-affected citrus root and soil health. Plant material consisted of ‘Ray Ruby’ (Citrus × paradisi) grapefruit trees grafted on ‘Kuharske’ citrange (Citrus × sinensis × Citrus trifoliata). The study consisted of 4 foliar fertilizer treatments, which included 0×, 1.5×, 3× and 6× the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agriculture (UF/IFAS) recommended guidelines for B, Mn and Zn. Additionally, 2 ground-applied fertilizer treatments were used, specifically controlled-release fertilizer (CRF1): 12−3−14 + B, Fe, Mn and Zn micronutrients at 1× UF/IFAS recommendation, and (CRF2): 12−3−14 + 2× Mg + 3× B, Fe, Mn and Zn micronutrients, with micronutrients applied as sulfur-coated products. The planting densities implemented were low (300 trees ha−1), medium (440 trees ha−1) and high (975 trees ha−1). The CRF fertilizer resulted in greater soil nutrient concentrations through all of the time sampling points, with significant differences in soil Zn and Mn. Grapefruit treated with ground-applied CRF2 and 3× foliar fertilizers resulted in the greatest bacterial alpha and beta diversity in the rhizosphere. Significantly greater abundances of Rhizobiales and Vicinamibacterales were found in the grapefruit rhizosphere of trees treated with 0× UF/IFAS foliar fertilizer compared to higher doses of foliar fertilizers.

Within metal constructions there are structures made up of parallel profiles called legs, connected to each other by diagonals. Some of these structures, with a triangular cross section, turn out to be the braced masts used in the communications industry, but also columns and beams used in metal structures. In the present work, the equations that allow obtaining the equations of the elastic of a spatial lattice of triangular cross section are developed, in which the legs are joined together by zig-zag diagonals. To do this, we start from an energy proposal in which the differential equations of equilibrium and the boundary conditions of the proposed problem are determined. Finally, examples are presented where results are obtained with the equations developed, and they are compared with the results obtained from the application of the expressions given in CIRSOC 303 Recommendation (1996) and from finite element models.

This article describes the development and preliminary psychometric properties of the TeleWrite, a handwriting assessment tool designed to measure the rate, accuracy, and fluency of children's handwriting for children in first through third grade administered via telehealth. A series of three pilot studies were completed to determine initial interrater reliability, content validity, and clinical utility of the TeleWrite. A study with eight children was used to determine preliminary interrater reliability testing using a beta version of the TeleWrite with (n = 9) raters. The reliability coefficient was obtained using intraclass correlation (ICC) and yielded α = 0.92 for total scores, CI [0.815, 0.983] and the Cronbach's α measure for internal consistency was α = 0.95 (excellent). A clinical utility survey of (n = 55) pediatric occupational therapists was used to obtain their clinical impression regarding the usefulness and accuracy. Representing twelve different countries and twenty-two U.S. states, the respondents indicated that 61% (n = 33) are quite or extremely likely to use the TeleWrite in their practice and most participants (64%; n = 35) indicated that TeleWrite was quite/extremely accurate in measuring handwriting performance. Third, a content validity study with nine handwriting experts reviewed and concluded that all ten subtests of the TeleWrite tool are considered essential. All preliminary studies strengthen the development of the TeleWrite assessment to advance to construct validation of the tool.

Resumen Introduccion Los datos disponibles de las causas de muerte en pacientes ingresados por insuficiencia cardiaca en servicios de medicina interna y en poblacion espanola segun fraccion de eyeccion reducida (FER), preservada (FEP) e intermedia (FEI) son escasos. Su estudio puede mejorar el conocimiento de estos pacientes y su pronostico. Metodos Estudio de cohortes multicentrico y prospectivo de 4.144 pacientes que ingresaron por insuficiencia cardiaca en unidades de medicina interna. Se registraron sus caracteristicas clinicas, tasa de fallecimientos y sus causas agrupadas segun FEP (≥ 50%), FEI (40-49%) y FER ( Resultados Se registraron 1.198 fallecimientos (29%), de los que 833 fallecieron por causas cardiovasculares (69,5%), fundamentalmente por insuficiencia cardiaca (50%) y por muerte subita (7,5%) y 365 por causas no cardiovasculares (NoCV) (30,5%), sobre todo por infecciones (13%). La causa mas frecuente y temprana en todos los grupos fue la insuficiencia cardiaca. Los pacientes con FEP tenian menor tasa de muerte subita y mayor de infecciones (p Conclusiones Las causas de muerte en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca fueron diferentes dependiendo del tipo de fraccion de eyeccion. Los pacientes con FEI y FEP, por su elevada comorbilidad y mayor frecuencia de muerte NoCV, son los que mas se beneficiarian de un manejo integral por parte de medicina interna.

Los factores asociados al rompimiento de una pareja en algunos casos son difíciles de superar, trayendo consigo consecuencias importantes en diferentes esferas de la vida de las personas que los experimentan. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar en estudiantes universitarios cómo se presenta la ruptura amorosa (en los últimos seis meses), y observar el curso que sigue el proceso de duelo, del mismo modo analizar su posible relación con aspectos académicos. Se siguió un diseño no experimental, con un tipo de estudio exploratorio, de corte cualitativo. Participaron de manera voluntaria n= 6 estudiantes universitarios, que realizaron una entrevista con formato de grupo focal. Los resultados evidenciaron que la mayoría vivió la ruptura amorosa como una experiencia vinculada al duelo de la pérdida, que generó sentimientos y pensamientos dolorosos, que afectó diferentes áreas de su vida, que tuvo como causas principales del rompimiento a la infidelidad y la falta de comunicación; que además trajo consigo consecuencias de tipo académico, tales como bajo promedio de calificaciones, materias reprobadas, incumplimiento en tareas, sensación de cansancio y falta de concentración y motivación, entre otras. Es importante intervenir desde las universidades de una manera preventiva durante el proceso de duelo por el rompimiento con la pareja, para evitar por un lado, que se desencadene un cuadro clínico complicado vinculado a la depresión; y por otra parte, evitar la baja en las calificaciones, la reprobación, e incluso la posible deserción escolar.

We show some estimates and approximation results of operators of convolution type defined on Riesz Bounded variation spaces in Rn. We also state some embedding results that involve the collection of generalized absolutely continuous functions.

A long time has passed since regularly interspaced DNA repeats were discovered in prokaryotes. Today, those enigmatic repetitive elements termed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are acknowledged as an emblematic part of multicomponent CRISPR-Cas (CRISPR associated) systems. These systems are involved in a variety of roles in bacteria and archaea, notably, that of conferring protection against transmissible genetic elements through an adaptive immune-like response. This review summarises the present knowledge on the diversity, molecular mechanisms and biology of CRISPR-Cas. We pay special attention to the most recent findings related to the determinants and consequences of CRISPR-Cas activity. Research on the basic features of these systems illustrates how instrumental the study of prokaryotes is for understanding biology in general, ultimately providing valuable tools for diverse fields and fuelling research beyond the mainstream. The authors are supported by grant PROMETEO/2017/129 (Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain).

Warming events in the Pacific Ocean are becoming more frequent, intense, and on a larger temporal and spatial scale. This has caused critical habitats of marine species to lose their quality and marine organisms respond by modifying their critical feeding and reproduction behaviors, as well as their distribution. The Northeast Pacific humpback whale of the Central America distinct population segment (DPS) remains Endangered due to its small population size and because its response to climate change and human interventions is unknown. In this work, we showed the encounter rates of humpback whales in their breeding grounds in Costa Rica for breeding seasons comprised in the period 2000-2020. We analyze the influence of climatic indices that influence the Pacific and environmental variables related to temperature and productivity in the feeding grounds of this population (United States). We hypothesize that the more intense the warming events, the fewer humpback whales complete their migration to Costa Rica. We conclude that the humpback whales of this population could be finding thermally favorable areas in intermediate latitudes (p. e.g., Mexican-Guatemala coasts), which could be related to the decreases in the presence of humpback whale adults and calves in Costa Rica. These observed changes could inform how humpback whales might respond to climate change.

Eisenia arborea (sensu Ecklonia arborea) is the kelp with the greatest latitudinal distribution on the Northeastern Pacific Coast. It is harvested in Mexico in small amounts for abalone farm fodder and occasionally exported to Asia for human consumption. Because the high-energy environment where it naturally grows limits its sustainable harvest, we explored the domestication and cultivation of this kelp on the west coast of Baja California, Mexico. The life history of E. arborea was completed in the laboratory following traditional methods for kelp cultivation. Gametophytes became reproductive approximately 50 days after spore release and sporophytes were visible to the naked eye after 80 days. When sporophytes reached 2–3 cm, they were transplanted to two sites on long-line systems: in an open bay (Todos Santos Bay) and in a shallow coastal lagoon (San Quintín Bay). At both sites, full differentiation occurred 6 to 8 months after deployment, with fertile blades occurring within a year. Once individuals reached maximum size, blades were harvested by pruning. Monthly, regrowth of pruned blades and new blade addition were measured. Pruned individuals reached the same weight as controls in three months. On the basis of these results, a seasonal seeding program was implemented at a third site where the presence of natural Eisenia is rare due to the lack of hard substrate but was hypothesized to provide appropriate conditions for kelp cultivation (Santa María Bay). Cultures were deployed at three different depths and growth was correlated with season, depth, and temperature. Only cultures seeded in winter developed successfully at this site. This study shows that the culture of E. arborea in a variety of ocean conditions is possible; however, site selection and seasonality are important considerations. Because E. arborea is perennial, it can be harvested periodically during the year thereby increasing yield, and because it is the warmest tolerant kelp species, it is an ideal target for ocean farming and commercial cultivation, considering climate change.

En México, el gasto privado en salud tiene una asociación considerable con los ingresos y se comporta diferenciadamente entre las regiones. Con información a nivel individuo para el periodo 2008 a 2018 y aplicando modelos Tobit, se analizan los cambios temporales y geográficos de la elasticidad ingreso del gasto privado en salud. En la región norte persiste como un bien de lujo, mientras que en las zonas centro y sur fluctúa alrededor del valor unitario. Pareciera que las divergencias regionales estructurales se están reflejando en las posibilidades de utilización del ingreso en rubros de gastos sanitarios en los hogares.

We consider the focusing inhomogeneous biharmonic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in $H^2(\mathbb{R}^N)$, \begin{equation} iu_t + \Delta^2 u - |x|^{-b}|u|^{\alpha}u=0 \end{equation} when $b > 0$ and $N \geq 5$. We first obtain a small data global result in $H^2$, which, in the five-dimensional case, improves a previous result from Pastor and the second author. In the sequel, we show the main result, scattering below the mass-energy threshold in the intercritical case, that is, $\frac{8-2b}{N} < \alpha

The acquisition of experimental equipment has become a problem, due to its high costs. To partially solve this problem, the scientific community has used the Arduino data acquisition board (DAB). This board has a low-cost and allows the automation of equipment in a simple and practical way. However, using only the Arduino board is no longer enough, it is now necessary to combine it with the implementation of an user-friendly interface. Through this combination, it is possible to develop sophisticated laboratory equipment. The aim of this work is to describe step by step and in a simple way the development and implementation of a low-cost experimental equipment based on Arduino for use in higher education. Also, this work tries to encourage users to develop their own laboratory equipment, and solve their equipment needs. The novelty of this work pretends to be that any user without a deep knowledge of electronics and programming can easily assemble their own lab equipment, avoiding high equipment fees. In this work, three simple examples are shown, and any teacher, researcher, or student can easily reproduce them. With the combination of three previous examples, it is possible to develop sophisticated laboratory equipment, for example a Ph Meter with temperature sensor and stirring setup. The commercial cost of this lab equipment is approximately 600 USD, but with this homemade setup, the total cost drops to 75 USD.

Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are major public health concerns impacting a wide range of individuals and communities. Despite major efforts to develop and refine treatments to reduce SITBs, the efficacy of SITB interventions remains unclear. To provide a comprehensive summary of SITB treatment efficacy, we conducted a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have attempted to reduce SITBs. A total of 591 published articles from 1,125 unique RCTs with 3,458 effect sizes from the past 50 years were included. The random-effects meta-analysis yielded surprising findings: The overall intervention effects were small across all SITB outcomes; despite a near-exponential increase in the number of RCTs across five decades, intervention efficacy has not improved; all SITB interventions produced similarly small effects, and no intervention appeared significantly and consistently stronger than others; the overall small intervention effects were largely maintained at follow-up assessments; efficacy was similar across age groups, though effects were slightly weaker for child/adolescent populations and few studies focused on older adults; and major sample and study characteristics (e.g., control group type, treatment target, sample size, intervention length) did not consistently moderate treatment efficacy. This meta-analysis suggests that fundamental changes are needed to facilitate progress in SITB intervention efficacy. In particular, powerful interventions target the necessary causes of pathology, but little is known about SITB causes (vs. SITB correlates and risk factors). The field would accordingly benefit from the prioritization of research that aims to identify and target common necessary causes of SITBs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States and etiologically linked to several types of cancers including the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynges. Evidence indicates certain types of HPV-associated cancers disproportionally affect Latinos in the United States. This qualitative study sought to explore Latina mothers' perceptions and understanding of HPV infection, HPV-associated cancers, and the HPV vaccination for their adolescent sons and daughters. Twenty-two individual, face-to-face interviews were conducted in 2018-2019 with mothers who had at least one child between the ages of 11 and 19 years. Data were analyzed using a hybrid method of thematic analysis that incorporated deductive and inductive approaches. Two major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) mothers' (mis) understanding about HPV infection transmission and HPV-associated cancer risk for girls and boys, and (2) mothers' (mis) understandings about the HPV vaccination for girls and boys. Results found that most mothers had inadequate understanding of HPV transmission, HPV-associated cancer risk for males, and need to vaccinate boys against the virus for their own personal health and prevention of HPV-associated cancers. Findings suggest that interventions should focus on improving Latina mothers' understanding of HPV transmission, addressing the lack or inadequate knowledge about HPV-associated cancer risk for males, as well as misconceptions about the importance of the HPV vaccination for males for their personal health and the prevention of HPV-associated cancers. Future research should quantify Latino parents' awareness, knowledge, and acceptability of the HPV vaccine for their sons and daughters.