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Rice crop is affected by different types of floods at different stages of the crop cycle. Constant efforts of researchers resulted in the development of rice varieties for anaerobic germination, flash floods and stagnant flooding by both conventional and molecular breeding approaches. Detection of QTLs for different types of floods in new genetic source (AC39416A) is needed to combat adverse effects of climate change. Present investigation was carried out to identify QTLs for flood tolerance using recombinant inbred lines derived from Indra and AC39416A. QTL mapping resulted in identification of QTLs, qAG3.1 on chromosome 3 for anaerobic germination and qSF10.1 on chromosome 10 for plant survival % under stagnant flooding. These QTLs explain 59.08 and 13.21% of phenotypic variance respectively. Two candidate genes were identified in qAG3.1 region, LOC_Os03g42130 gibberellin 20 oxidase2 and LOC_Os03g44170 glutathione S-transferase. The underlying mechanism might be the inhibition of gibberellic acid synthesis and thereby protecting seedlings from oxidative stress under anoxia condition. Genomic region of qSF10.1 revealed LOC_Os10g35020 glycosyltransferase and LOC_Os10g35050 aquaporin protein loci, which might be responsible for adaptive mechanism for plant survival % under stagnant flooding. This indicates that the new genetic resource AC39416A has an ability to adopt to different types of flood tolerance in response to environmental stress. Unveiling physiological and molecular mechanisms for flood tolerance in AC39416A using advanced omics studies would help in precise genomic selections for sustained production in flood-prone areas.

In both plants and animals, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors play critical roles in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. In plants, NLRs recognise pathogen-derived effector proteins and initiate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, the molecular mechanisms that link NLR-mediated effector recognition and downstream signalling are not fully understood. By exploiting the well-characterised tomato Prf/Pto NLR resistance complex, we identified the 14-3-3 proteins TFT1 and TFT3 as interacting partners of both the NLR complex and the protein kinase MAPKKKα. Moreover, we identified the helper NRC proteins (NLR-required for cell death) as integral components of the Prf /Pto NLR recognition complex. Notably our studies revealed that TFTs and NRCs interact with distinct modules of the NLR complex and, following effector recognition, dissociate facilitating downstream signalling. Thus, our data provide a mechanistic link between activation of immune receptors and initiation of downstream signalling cascades.

3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is considered to be the most important technology among the emerging technologies. 3D printing technology is considered as an alternative to the conventional manufacturer machine traditionally used in the manufacturing sector. 3D printing technology is generally classified into seven types. Each type of 3D printing technology has its separate own uniqueness (i.e., operation, material usage, and no wastage). The price of a manufactured item includes all its costs. The most important of these is to take into account the price of the machine being manufactured and the features of the machine. Moreover, the price of the product produced in AM will depend on all the costs required to produce it. Then, it is possible to reduce the cost of the product by choosing the AMM that has significant features and the right price. Therefore, this paper aims to solve a decision-making problem from the AMM selection by using one of the multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) tools, i.e., analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This paper outcome is meant to meet the expectation of end-users. As an initial step, the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) company gets quotations from some AM companies to choose a type of AM machine known FDM for its structure product and doll product. The first step is to select the most appropriate machines based on cost, size/volume, extruder type, and weight of the machine. Criteria for AHP are derived from decision-makers. Also, in AHP, the pair-wise matrix is obtained from the decision-makers by answering the standard Saaty’s scale criteria questions. In this paper, such a selection method is explored. The outcome of this paper may vary depending on the expectations of the decision-makers. The end of this paper helps to choose the AMM with the right price and features to suit the decision-makers.

The unexpected arrival of the corona greatly disrupted the lifestyle of the people. Most groups of the population are affected with the lockdown measures put forth in some or other way. But the elderly aged population are facing its worst effects. Lockdown measures affected the younger group in meeting with their responsibilities and the children in their education. Government and local bodies are taking various measures for managing their problems. Conveniently it is assumed that the elder population are least affected by lockdown as their requirements are thought to be less compared to other group of population. Hence the problems of the elder population are least studied and they are neglected by the community and the government. At present there are 48 lakhs of people in Kerala who are aged 60yrs or more. The percentage of elderly aged people is increasing in Kerala and many of them are staying alone. But the opportunities for social interaction in the environment in which they lived were very high. In the present situation of lockdown associated with Corona pandemic, most of them have completely left alone in their houses or apartments. This has led to many physical and mental health consequences in them.

Objective: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized through the high-efficient, cost-effective green and facile process, using the Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link extract as a bio-reduction and capping agent at room temperature. Methods: The greenly synthesized AgNPs were subjected to UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) analyses. Results: The surface plasmon resonance found at 410 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR analysis was carried out to identify possible biomolecules responsible for the bio-reduction of silver ions. Furthermore, the crystallographic structure was confirmed by XRD and the average particle size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was calculated which was found to be 36 nm. Conclusion: This study exhibits one step innovative green approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from L. aspera plant extract. The method stands out primarily because it is eco-friendly and advantageous over conventional physical and chemical methods.

Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a during woman's reproductive age. About 3 to 4%of adolescent girls suffer from primary amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea is not a life-threatening disease condition, but can result in significant complications. Primary amenorrhea can leads to calcium loss which will result in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis manifests with no clinical symptoms, until there is a fracture and results in a reduced quality of life. Amenorrhea is considered as Anartava in Ayurveda. The concept of Anartava is explained in different contexts. By analyzing those contexts, we can infer that the main causes are Mithyahara and vihara (Improper diet and regimens of mother during the pregnancy period and the girl/woman during her reproductive period), Beeja dosha (Genetic deformities/abnormalities) and Dushtartava (Hormonal imbalance). Ayurveda is a science that focuses on the quality of living, aims not only in curing the disease rehabilitating but also in preventing it. A good progeny of procreation is a real bliss. In the present scenario, the Primary amenorrhea is one of the gynecological issues which affects the quality of life of a woman and has a wider impact on her physical, psychological and social well-being. Because of the physical, psychological and social impact, it is very necessary to have a look at its causes for the better prevention and management. This promises a generation with better reproductive health.

The study was piloted to assess the impact of watershed project interventions from 2011-2018, largely Natural Resource Management (NRM) and Production System Improvement (PSI) measures in Kurichedu PMKSY watershed project, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. The specific objectives included detecting changes in agricultural land use, water body surface area, soil moisture; ground water levels, crop diversification, crop yields and livestock productivity. The net treatable area of the project is 4311 ha. Area under cultivated crops, both agriculture and horticulture crops increased by 414 ha, accounting to 16.6% over pre project period. The NRM activities augmented total water body surface area from 57 ha to 67 ha (17.5%).Ground water table was mainly impacted by deficit rainfall. In kharif season, the area of rice and plantation crops are reduced, while the area of red gram, cotton and chilli improved. In rabi season, the area of tobacco decreased. The horticultural crop area in post project period increased by 84 ha. The productivity of both agricultural and horticultural crops increased during the project period. The yield increase ranged from 2.0 percent in red gram to 12.1 percent in cotton. The milk productivity enhanced from 2.3 to 3.2 L per animal per day with total milk production increase by 15.8 percent. The milk production increase per year in the project period is mainly due to higher milk yield per day per animal.

Lightweight Cryptography is a constituent of cryptography that is applicable in the Internet of Things (IoT) platform. IoT is a promising technology with an embedded device that assembles collection of objects. Such objects can be smart devices, computers, humans and etc., that connect together using the internet and can communicate with each other for information sharing. However, smart devices are lightweight, resource-restricted devices, such as limited memory, processing speed and limited key size. The IoT has many problems and challenges due to the inherent features of smart devices. Security and privacy are one of the key concerns in IoT since devices exchange data in open wireless network and an attacker can easily access the network and performs different types of malfunctions such as viewing and modifying the valuable data. In order to solve these issues, a variety of cryptographic algorithms have been proposed and each one has its own characteristics. Based on the investigation of cryptography algorithms, there is a need to construct a cipher known as FibGeoPresent, a lightweight block cipher. The proposed cipher was compared to the existing cipher over different metrics. The results of the evaluation show that the proposed cipher is directly applicable and ensures security in lightweight devices.

Drought is the largest abiotic constraint to rice production which cause significant yield loss depending upon the severity. Development of rice varieties with tolerance to drought and high use water use efficiency is the need of the hour. Despite the importance of drought as major abiotic constraint, the efforts to develop drought tolerant rice varieties are very low. Breeding efforts until recent past were focused on understanding and improvement of secondary traits that are putatively associated with drought tolerance. However, the genetic gain in yield by improvement of secondary traits is very low. Hence, improvement of yield per se under drought conditions will be better solution. Introgression of yield QTLs under drought in the genetic background of high yielding varieties will be helpful to overcome the problem to a certain extent. In the present study, 31 advanced back cross lines (BILs) derived from drought susceptible mega variety Samba Mahsuri (BT 5204) and a drought tolerant tolerant land race Azucena were evaluated under drought. Thirty one advanced back cross inbred lines (BC2F4) lines having yield QTLs viz., qDTY3.1 on chromosome 3 and qDTY2.1 on chromosome 2 were phenotyped under drought conditions. The results suggested that wide range of variation was observed for yield and its component traits in the BILs generated in the background of BPT 5204 and direct selection for yield under water stress coupled with marker assisted screening would help in development of drought tolerant version of mega varieties with improved yield under stress. Thermo tolerance studies indicated that high variability was observed for the BILs in terms of % seedling survival, % reduction in root and shoot growth under stress.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus characterized by high glycemic levels is routinely associated with many mineral abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of serum magnesium among subjects with diabetes mellitus and to compare and analyze the same in normal non diabetics. Materials and Methods: In this case control study conducted at Malla Reddy Hospital, 50 subjects known to be diabetics were considered as cases and 50 apparently normal non- diabetics were the controls. Serum magnesium was estimated, compared and analyzed. Results: Serum magnesium levels were 1.89 ± 0.32 among cases and 2.26 ± 0.27 among controls. Extreme statistical significance was observed between both the groups. Conclusion: Serum magnesium levels were found to be decreased in subjects with diabetes mellitus. We conclude that diabetes mellitus could influence magnesium homeostasis. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Magnesium, Fasting plasma glucose.

Lightweight cryptography (LWC) is a compact and advancing cryptography protocol. Internet of Things (IoT) is a cutting edge technology which is developed for resource constrained devices for communicating and sharing of information among fellow devices over internet. IoT smart objects are smallest tiny devices and it has limited processing and storage capacities and that often runs on small, low power, battery. IoT devices have many issues and challenges due to inherent properties of IoT and one of the major challenges is security. Success of IoT depends on how smart devices countermeasure the different security attacks. There are many cryptographic algorithms with different services are exist. Each one has some unique properties as well as limitations or constraints. After studying these cryptographic algorithms, the authors decided to propose a new lightweight block cipher, PriPresent. Also, this paper depicts the comparison results of proposed cipher with existing cipher over different metrics.

The location of the phloem deep inside the plant, the high hydrostatic pressure in the phloem, and the composition of phloem sap, which is rich in sugar with a high C:N ratio, allows phloem sap feeding insects to occupy a unique ecological niche. The anatomy and physiology of aphids, a large group of phytophagous insects that use their mouthparts, which are modified into stylets, to consume large amounts of phloem sap, has allowed aphids to successfully exploit this niche, however, to the detriment of agriculture and horticulture. The ability to reproduce asexually, a short generation time, the development of resistance to commonly used insecticides, and their ability to vector viral diseases makes aphids among the most damaging pests of plants. Here we review how plants utilize their ability to occlude sieve elements and accumulate antibiotic and antinutritive factors in the phloem sap to limit aphid infestation. In addition, we summarize progress on understanding how plants perceive aphids to activate defenses in the phloem.

The aim of this article is to study the queuing system at the general outpatient clinic in relation to time spent by patients on the queue and patient satisfaction. As we know that the queuing concepts are applicable to any situation in general life even in Health care services. Now a day's Queuing approach in healthcare settings is very important because these organizations are dealing with the well-being and human life is concerned. The patient satisfaction, time they spent in the queue while waiting for their turn to meet doctor as well as time they spent with the doctor, is very important for the proper working of any hospital as well as for the image of the hospital before the public. The finding should be helpful in improving services at the clinic for quality of service guarantee.

Rice crop in coastal areas is very often subjected to major abiotic stresses like submergence, lodging of the crop caused by heavy rains or cyclones and salinity. Identification of genotypes tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses is needed to sustain under climate changed conditions. NILs of Pushyami (MTU 2336-62-25-38-16, MTU 2336-70-46-25-44) with Sub1 locus expressed tolerance to flash floods and also stagnant flooding and lodging resistance. NILs of Amara (MTU 2244-119-59- 63-40, MTU 2244-119-83-65, MTU 2244-39-10-44-1) having sub1 expressed tolerance to stagnant flooding, lodging resistance and moderate tolerance to salinity along with targeted trait of flash flood tolerance. NILs of Swarna (MTU 2546A- 13-1-6-1, MTU 2546A-12-18-1, MTU 2546A-34-1-9-1) expressed moderate tolerance to anaerobic germination along with its targeted lodging related traits. NILs of Cottondora sannalu (DST 8-162-4, DST 9-157-7, DST 8-4-4) expressed lodging, flash flood, anaerobic germination along with targeted trait of seedling stage salinity tolerance. The results showed that NILs possessing multiple abiotic stress tolerance would sustain even under climate changed conditions.