Author: "M. E. Gaunt" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"M. E. Gaunt"' showing total 35 results

Start Over Author "M. E. Gaunt"

35 results on '"M. E. Gaunt"'

1. Time for reassessment of remote ischaemic preconditioning

Author: M. E. Gaunt
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Telemedicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Reperfusion Injury, medicine, Cardiology, Ischemic preconditioning, Animals, Humans, Surgery, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Ischemic Preconditioning, Reperfusion injury
Abstract: Not yet condemned
Published: 2016

2. Deterioration in carotid baroreflex during carotid endarterectomy

Author: P. R. F. Bell, D. Sigaudo-Roussel, David H. Evans, M. E. Gaunt, Ronney B. Panerai, N. L. London, and A.R. Naylor
Subjects: Baroreceptor, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid sinus, Carotid endarterectomy, Blood flow, Baroreflex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood pressure, Anesthesia, medicine.artery, cardiovascular system, medicine, Surgery, cardiovascular diseases, Common carotid artery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Endarterectomy
Abstract: Objective: Blood pressure instability after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been associated with a disturbance of the baroreflex control mechanism caused by the surgery in the carotid sinus region. The purpose of this study was to determine if a deterioration in carotid baroreceptors occurs during the surgery. Method: Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded continuously in 60 patients undergoing CEA as well as preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 days and 6 weeks. The baroreflex sensitivity was determined by cross-spectral analysis of HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP). During the surgery, three tests were used to assess the baroreflex response. The first test simulated a sudden fall in systemic blood pressure by clamping the common carotid artery. The second test simulated a rise in systemic blood pressure by applying pressure by using a rubbing action on the luminal surface of the carotid sinus region. The rub test was performed twice, once with the atheromatous plaque in situ and once when the plaque had been removed. The third test is clamp removal and restoration of blood flow through the carotid sinus. Results: Carotid cross-clamping increased mean ± standard error of the mean SBP from 117 ± 3 mm Hg before clamping to 125 ± 3 mm Hg (P < .05) at 30 beats after clamping. The first rub test with the plaque in situ decreased SBP from 121 ± 3 mm Hg to 117 ± 3 mm Hg (P < .01) at 10 beats after the rub test, indicating a functioning baroreceptor reflex. The second rub test increased SBP from 126 ± 3 mm Hg to 128 ± 3 mm Hg (P < .05). SBP dropped (P < .01) when unclamping suggesting a selective alteration of the baroreflex sensitivity. The baroreflex sensitivity was significantly reduced 2 days postoperatively when compared to preoperative values (P < .05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the act of plaque removal could be associated with a partial disruption of baroreceptor mechanism in the carotid artery. This could affect type I baroreceptors. (J Vasc Surg 2002;36:793-8.)
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. A Policy of Quality Control Assessment Helps to Reduce the Risk of Intraoperative Stroke During Carotid Endarterectomy

Author: R.J Abbott, M. E. Gaunt, P. R. F. Bell, J.L. Smith, N Lennard, A.R. Naylor, and N. J. M. London
Subjects: Quality Control, medicine.medical_specialty, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Angioscopy, Pilot Projects, Carotid endarterectomy, Postoperative stroke, Risk Factors, Monitoring, Intraoperative, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Saphenous Vein, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Intraoperative Complications, Stroke, Endarterectomy, Aged, Postoperative Care, Medicine(all), Endarterectomy, Carotid, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Transcranial Doppler, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cerebrovascular Disorders, cardiovascular system, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Carotid Artery, Internal
Abstract: Objectivesa pilot study in our unit suggested that a combination of transcranial Doppler (TCD) plus completion angioscopy reduced incidence of intra-operative stroke (i.e. patients recovering from anaesthesia with a new deficit) during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The aim of the current study was to see whether routine implementation of this policy was both feasible and associated with a continued reduction in the rate of intraoperative stroke (IOS).Materials and methodsprospective study in 252 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy between March 1995 and December 1996.Resultscontinuous TCD monitoring was possible in 229 patients (91%), while 238 patients (94%) underwent angioscopic examination. Overall, angioscopy identified an intimal flap requiring correction in six patients (2.5%), whilst intraluminal thrombus was removed in a further six patients (2.5%). No patient in this series recovered from anaesthesia with an IOS, but the rate of postoperative stroke was 2.8%.Conclusionsour policy of TCD plus angioscopy has continued to contribute towards a sustained reduction in the risk of IOS following CEA, but requires access to reliable equipment and technical support. However, a policy of intra-operative quality control assessment may not necessarily alter the rate of postoperative stroke.
Published: 1999
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. The effect of perioperative embolisation on visual function in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy

Author: P. R. F. Bell, J.L. Smith, M. E. Gaunt, A.R. Naylor, and T. Rimmer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Retinal Artery Occlusion, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid endarterectomy, Blindness, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monitoring, Intraoperative, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Emboli, Prospective Studies, Intraoperative Complications, Endarterectomy, Medicine(all), Endarterectomy, Carotid, Retinal fundoscopy, business.industry, Transcranial Doppler, Retinal, Amaurosis fugax, Perioperative, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis, eye diseases, Surgery, Visual field, chemistry, Visual fields, Middle cerebral artery, cardiovascular system, Radiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the effect of carotid artery embolisation detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on visual function. Design: A prospective study. Visual function was assessed by an independent ophthalmalogist. Materials: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Methods: All patients underwent pre- and postoperative retinal fundoscopy and automated visual field analysis. Intraoperative emboli were detected by continuous TCD monitoring of the middle cerebral artery. Results: Preoperatively, six patients had fundoscopic evidence of silent retinal embolisation, five patients had visible emboli associated with amaurosis fugax. Visual field analysis found no significant difference between ipsi- and contralateral eye scores. Only patients with occlusions of major retinal vessels had clinically reduced visual function. Intraoperatively TCD identified embolisation in 83/91 of monitored operations. Postoperatively, ipsilateral visual field scores deteriorated while contralateral eye scores remained unchanged, however only one new retinal embolus was detected. The incidence of TCD detected embolisation was not associated with a corresponding deterioration in postoperative visual function. Conclusions: (1) A group of patients can be identified who experience “silent” retinal embolisation prior to CEA. (2) Clinically significant retinal embolisation resulting from CEA is uncommon. (3) CEA is associated with a deterioration in the visual field scores for the ipsilateral eye compared with the contralateral eye but the mechanism for this small but significant deterioration remains unclear.
Published: 1998
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Experience with transcranial Doppler monitoring reduces the incidence of particulate embolization during carotid endarterectomy

Author: Nicholas J.M. London, M. E. Gaunt, Prf Bell, David H. Evans, J. L. Smith, and A.R. Naylor
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid endarterectomy, Central nervous system disease, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Embolization, Intraoperative Complications, Aged, Endarterectomy, Aged, 80 and over, Endarterectomy, Carotid, Vascular disease, business.industry, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Cerebral Arteries, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Transcranial Doppler, Embolism, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Surgery, Radiology, business, Blood Flow Velocity
Abstract: Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether the introduction of routine transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography during carotid endarterectomy reduces the incidence of microembolization by altering operative technique. Methods The number and nature of microemboli detected during the first 75 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed with TCD monitoring during 1992–1993 (group 1) were compared with those in a similar series of 75 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy in 1995 (group 2), after substantial experience (210 patients) with TCD monitoring. Emboli were classified as either particulate or gaseous. Results In patients with evidence of particulate emboli during the dissection phase of the operation, the total number of particulate emboli fell significantly in patients in group 2 (P = 0·019). Similarly, in patients in whom microembolization was detected on immediate opening of the shunt, the total number of microemboli also fell significantly in group 2 (P = 0·003). Overall, the median (95 per cent confidence interval) number of particulate emboli detected during the entire procedure fell significantly from 21 (16–29) in group 1 to 9 (7–14) in group 2 (P = 0·0008). Conclusion TCD monitoring plays an important role in the training and quality control of carotid endarterectomy and helps significantly to reduce the amount of microembolization.
Published: 1998
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. A comparison of quality control methods applied to carotid endarterectomy

Author: P. R. F. Bell, D. A. Ratliff, M. E. Gaunt, J.L. Smith, and A.R. Naylor
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Intraoperative assessment, Angioscopy, Dissection (medical), Carotid endarterectomy, B-mode ultrasound, Postoperative Complications, Monitoring, Intraoperative, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Carotid Artery Thrombosis, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Thrombus, Continuous wave Doppler, Intraoperative Complications, Endarterectomy, Medicine(all), Endarterectomy, Carotid, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Transcranial Doppler, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Perioperative, medicine.disease, cardiovascular system, Surgery, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Objectives: To compare the ability of continuous wave Doppler (CWD), B-mode ultrasound (BMU), angioscopy and transcranial Doppler (TCD) to detect technical error during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Design: A prospective, comparative study in 100 consecutive patients. Setting: Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, U.K. Materials: Intraoperative TCD monitoring was performed using a SciMed PcDop 842 2 MHz TCD. An Olympus 2.8mm flexible angioscope was used to inspect the arterial lumen prior to restoration of bloodflow. After restoration of flow 10Mhz BMU images and 8Mhz CWD velocity spectra of carotid artery blood flow were obtained. Chief outcome measures: The detection of intimal flaps, thrombus, stenoses or other errors of surgical technique likely to result in perioperative morbidity. Main results: CWD and BMU images were technically inadequate in 9% and 24% of cases respectively and neither technique altered clinical management. Angioscopy demonstrated significant technical errors in 12 cases (four intimal flaps, thrombus in eight). TCD detected shunt malfunction in 13% of patients, emboli during dissection in 23% and early postoperative carotid artery thrombosis in three patients. Conclusions: A combination of TCD monitoring and completion angioscopy provided the maximum yield in terms of diagnosing technical error and establishing the cause of perioperative morbidity.
Published: 1996
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Unstable carotid plaques: Preoperative identification and association with intraoperative embolisation detected by transcranial doppler

Author: L. Brown, A.R. Naylor, P. R. F. Bell, M. E. Gaunt, and T. Hartshorne
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Duplex ultrasonography, Arteriosclerosis, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Embolism, Colour Duplex ultrasound, Dissection (medical), Carotid endarterectomy, transcranial Doppler, Postoperative Complications, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Carotid plaques, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Thrombus, Stage (cooking), Intraoperative Complications, Intraoperative embolisation, Medicine(all), Endarterectomy, Carotid, business.industry, Carotid plaque histology, medicine.disease, Transcranial Doppler, medicine.anatomical_structure, Middle cerebral artery, cardiovascular system, Surgery, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Artery
Abstract: Objectives: To investigate whether unstable carotid plaque characteristics, as determined by preoperative colour Duplex ultrasonography (CDU) and postoperative histological examination, were associated with particulate embolisation, detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD), during the initial dissection of the carotid bifurcation during carotid endarterectomy(CEA). Design: A prospective, consecutive study was undertaken of 50 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy(CEA). Setting: Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, U.K. Materials: Carotid plaques were assessed preoperatively using CDU. Intraoperative TCD monitoring of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery was performed using a Scimed 2MHz TCD. Carotid plaques removed at operation were processed histologically and multiple sections assessed microscopically. Chief outcome measures: Plaque composition was classified ultrasonically and histologically according to the Gray-Weale classification and plaque surface characteristics were graded according to a five point classification. TCD detected emboli were identified and counted during the initial dissection of the artery. Main results: Particulate embolisation occurred in nine patients. Histologically, embolisation was associated with ulcerated plaque in three cases and ulcerated plaque with associated thrombus in six cases ( p = 0.0005). However, the ability of CDU to positively predict embolisation based on the correct identification of an unstable plaque surface was only 25%. Conclusions: Embolisation during dissection is strongly associated with ulcerated plaque with associated thrombus. CDU is unable to reliably identify these characteristics preoperatively. Intraoperative TCD monitoring can detect potentially harmful embolisation during this stage enabling surgical technique to be modified appropriately.
Published: 1996
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Interpretation of Embolic Phenomena During Carotid Endarterectomy

Author: Prf Bell, David H. Evans, Lingke Fan, Nicholas J.M. London, J. L. Smith, M. E. Gaunt, and A.R. Naylor
Subjects: Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Endarterectomy, Carotid, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Ultrasound, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Carotid endarterectomy, Signal, Transcranial Doppler, Amplitude, Interquartile range, medicine, Embolism, Air, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Endarterectomy, Audio frequency
Abstract: Background and Purpose Air and particulate emboli are a major source of morbidity during carotid endarterectomy (CEA); however, amplitude overload and poor time resolution have restricted the ability of transcranial Doppler ultrasound to differentiate between the two. Methods We have now overcome these two limitations by (1) rerouting embolic signals away from the audio frequency amplifier to avoid amplitude overload and (2) substituting the Wigner distribution function for the fast Fourier transform to improve time and frequency resolution. Thus, we can now accurately determine embolic duration and embolic velocity, the product of which is the sample volume length (SVL). This measurement represents the physical distance over which an embolic signal can be detected. The underlying hypothesis was that air reflected more ultrasound and would therefore be detected over a greater SVL. Results The median SVL (interquartile range) for 75 in vitro air emboli was 1.97 cm (range, 1.70 to 2.35) compared with 0.27 cm (range, 0.16 to 0.43) for 185 particulate emboli detected during the dissection phase of CEA. Off-line analysis on an additional 560 embolic signals detected during different phases of CEA suggested that 46 of 143 (32%) of emboli immediately after shunt insertion were particulate, as were 19 of 33 (58%) occurring during shunting, 28 of 78 (36%) after restoration of flow in the external carotid artery, 23 of 251 (9%) after restoration of flow in the internal carotid artery, and 55 of 55 (100%) of those emboli detected during the early recovery phase. Conclusions This development provides objective physical criteria upon which embolus characterization (particulate/air) can be based. This could have major implications for future patient monitoring with respect to modification of surgical technique and pharmacological intervention.
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Extracranial and Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography Reduce the Need for Angiography Prior to Carotid Endarterectomy

Author: M. E. Gaunt, A.R. Naylor, P. R. F. Bell, and P. J. Martin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid arteries, Ultrasound, Carotid endarterectomy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, Stenosis, Cerebral circulation, 0302 clinical medicine, Occlusion, Angiography, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Preoperative imaging
Abstract: The growing need for carotid endarterectomy must be accompanied by safe and reliable methods of imaging the cerebral circulation. The authors used extracranial and tran scranial color-coded sonography to evaluate the cervical carotid arteries and the basal cerebral circulation in 76 patients prior to surgery, aiming to reduce the need for preop erative angiography. In 3 patients (proximal and distal carotid disease; subtotal occlusion) carotid ultrasound failed to define the nature and extent of stenosis adequately, and thus conventional angiography was performed. Transcranial imaging identified intracranial stenotic disease in 4 patients and interhemispheric collateral flow in 29 patients. All patients underwent carotid endarterectomy without any complications due to inadequate preoperative imaging. An ultrasound-based approach eliminated the need for angiography in the majority of patients with significant implications for risk reduction and financial expenditure.
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Diagnosis of Internal Carotid Pseudo-occlusion by Use of Color-Coded Duplex Scanning

Author: S. Nydahl, M. E. Gaunt, D. A. Ratliff, and P. J. Martin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Duplex ultrasonography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Ultrasound, Lumen (anatomy), Duplex scanning, Duplex (building), Carotid artery occlusion, Angiography, Occlusion, Medicine, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: The differentiation of “pseudo” from complete carotid artery occlusion is still widely considered to be an indication for intraarterial angiography. The authors report a case in which color-coded duplex ultrasound revealed a persisting string-like lumen that was not adequately demonstrated by angiography. The duplex diagnosis of “pseudo” occlusion requires the use of low-pulse repetition frequencies and in future may reduce the need for invasive imaging techniques. If angiography is undertaken, even delayed films may fail to demonstrate the residual lumen adequately.
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Clinical relevance of intraoperative embolization detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during carotid endarterectomy: A prospective study of 100 patients

Author: J.L. Smith, A.R. Naylor, T. Rimmer, M. E. Gaunt, G. Cherryman, P. R. F. Bell, D. A. Ratliff, and P. J. Martin
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychometrics, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Embolism, Carotid endarterectomy, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Embolization, Intraoperative Complications, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Endarterectomy, Carotid, business.industry, Cerebral infarction, Vascular disease, Thrombosis, Carotid Artery Thrombosis, Cerebral Infarction, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cerebrovascular Circulation, cardiovascular system, Female, Radiology, business, Carotid Artery, Internal
Abstract: A study was performed to investigate the clinical significance of microembolization detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) by determining the quantity and character of emboli and correlating these with neurological and psychometric outcome, fundoscopy, automated visual field testing and computed tomographic brain scans in 100 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Embolization was detected in 92 per cent of successfully monitored operations. Most emboli were characteristic of air and not associated with adverse clinical outcome. However, more than ten particulate emboli during initial carotid dissection correlated with a significant deterioration in postoperative cognitive function. A relationship between persistent particulate embolization in the immediate postoperative period, and both incipient carotid artery thrombosis and the development of major neurological deficits was observed. Immediate intervention, based on TCD evidence of embolization, has the potential to avert neurological deficits resulting from particulate embolization.
Published: 1994
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. On-table diagnosis of incipient carotid artery thrombosis during carotid endarterectomy by transcranial Doppler scanning

Author: D. A. Ratliff, A.R. Naylor, J. L. Smith, Prf Bell, P. J. Martin, and M. E. Gaunt
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid endarterectomy, Brain Ischemia, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Humans, Medicine, Carotid Artery Thrombosis, Aged, Endarterectomy, Endarterectomy, Carotid, business.industry, Vascular disease, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, Transcranial Doppler, medicine.anatomical_structure, cardiovascular system, Surgery, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Complication, Artery
Abstract: We present a case where transcranial Doppler ultrasound monitoring of a carotid endarterectomy enabled us to detect the incipient thrombosis of the operated artery before reversal of anesthesia. The use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound monitoring in carotid endarterectomy has the potential to detect this complication before serious neurologic damage has occurred and therefore reduce the morbidity and mortality rates associated with the operation.
Published: 1994
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. Diaye, P. H. Rice, A. Creange, C. Sabev, K. Stephan, K. WeilBenborn, G. Magnani, L. Grymonprez, F. Cardellach, M. Kaps, N. G. Meco, F. Vega, V. Bonifati, A. Desomer, M. Baldy-Moulinier, G. Kvale, F. J. Authier, B. Yegen, T. Ho, J. M. Rozet, E. A. Cabanis, L. Bruce, L. Ambrosoli, M. A. Petrella, M. Hernandez, P. Timmings, H. B. van der Worp, F. Mahieux, A. Urbano-Marquez, D. A. Krendel, A. A. Garcia, R. Divari, R. Michalowicz, M. R. Piedmonte, M. Bondavalli, M. Zanca, P. F. Ippel, Onofre Combarros, B. Tavitian, E. Hirsch, I. Anastasopoulos, A. Roses, A. Köhler, P. Vienna, V. Timmerman, P. Sergi, F. Cornelio, A. Di Pasquale, R. Verleger, S. Castellvirel, J. Proano, B. van Moll, F. Rubio, W. Hacke, I. Lavenu, L. Zetta, M. W. Tas, N. Bittmann, M. Bonamini, O. R. Hommes, V. Dousset, N. Afsar, S. Belal, R. R. Myers, J. Goes, Giuseppe Vita, E. Clementi, V. G. Karepov, M. Jueptner, A Vincent, P. Emmrich, Th. Heb, A. Caballo, J. Gallego, T. Mokrusch, C. Perla, L. Gebuhrer, O. Titlbach, Alessandro Prelle, A. Czlonkowska, M. Russo, D. Hadjiev, T. S. Chkhikvishvili, M. Oehlschlager, G. Becker, I. Günther, E. N. Stenager, J. Garcia Agundez, J. Casademont, J. Batlle, S. Podobnik-Sarkanji, C. Alonso-Villaverde, B. Delaguillaume, B. Genc, B. Mazoyer, A. Rodriguez-Al-barino, Ch. Hilger, B. Ferrero, R. Price, W. Grisold, L. Fuhry, D. Oulbani, D. Ewing, A. Petkov, W. Walther, A. Gokyigit, John Newsom-Davis, J. Tayot, D. Seliak, G. Pelliccioni, D. Campagne, K. Kessler, F. Boureau, D. Perani, J. P. N'Guyen, N. Tchalucova, B. A. Antin-Ozerkis, C. Lacroix, B. D. Aronovich, I. H. Jenkins, E. A. dos Reis, M. Hortells, H. M. Meinck, H. Ch. Buschmann, S. C. J. M. Jacobs, T. Wetter, P. Creissard, N. Martinez, J. Weidenfeldl, H. J. Sturenburg, G. Damlacik, V. Gracia, J. C. Turpin, A. Pou-Serradell, J. P. Vincent, T. Gagoshidze, U. Ozkutlu, M. McLeod, K. Siegfried, I. Tchaoussoglou, J. Hildebrand, S. Kowalska, M. C. Picot, G. Galardin, L. Crevits, F. Andreetta, S. Larumbe-Lobalde, G. de la Sierra, J. C. Alvarez-Cermeno, R. J. Seitz, P. L. Oey, L. Ptacek, A. M. J. Paans, A. Wirrwar, A. Schmied, J. Uilchez, H. Tounsi, D. Hipola, V. Avoledo, Y. Hirata, P. Vermersch, T. M. Aisonobe, J. Valls-SoIè, H. Staunton, J. Dichgans, R. Karabudak, I. Dones, G. Porta, E. Janssens, Maria Martinez, J. M. Fernandez-Real, R. Villagra, Y. Yoshino, C. Kabus, K. Schimrigk, I. Girard-Buttaz, F. Piccoli, F. Aichner, P. Zuchegna, S. M. Al Deeb, F. Bono, N. Busquets, A. Jobert, Patrizia Ciscato, M. Martin, L. Polman, S. Darbra, V. Le Cam-Duchez, F. Baldissera, B. Baykan-Kurt, D. Guez, M. Bratoeva, H. Matsui, M. Mila, H. Perron, L. Bjorge, G. Husby, Steven T. DeKosky, D. R. Cornblath, J. M. Gabriel, J. J. Poza, Y. Wu, A. Toscano, R. P. Kleyweg, J. Kuhnen, S. O. Confort-Gouny, A. Barcelo, A. M. Conti, C. Fiol, C. Steichen-Wiehn, J. Rodes, M. Cavenaile, C. Vedeler, M. Drlicek, C. Argentino, M. L. Peris, A. Cervello, A. Z. GinaÏ, S. Yancheva, D. Passingham, S. Aoba, D. L. Lopez, T. Rechlin, K. Sonka, L. Grazzi, V. Folnegovic-Smalc, Maurizio Moggio, S. Rivaud, F. G. I. Jennekens, C. H. Hartard, H. Meierkord, G. Stocklin, M. D. Catala, W. C. McKay, E. Salmon, C. Navarro, I. Pastor, L. Canafoglia, M. De Braekeleer, P. K. Thomas, C. Mocellini, C. Pierre-Jerome, M. C. Dalakas, P. Pollak, M. Levivier, Niall Quinn, G. E. Rivolta, Z. Tunca, H. Zeumer, J. Garcia Tena, St. Guily, P. Gaudray, Johannes Kornhuber, V. Petrunjashev, R. Montesanti, R. J. Abbott, H. Petit, G. Kiteva-Trencevska, F. Carletto, C. Ramo, I. M. Pino, P. Beau, G. F. Mennuni, F. Moschian, F. Meneghini, B. Zdziarska, B. Fontaine, C. Stephens, G. Meco, K. Reiners, G. Badlan, M. Sessa, I. Degaey, S. M. Hassan, C. Albani, F. Caroeller, M. Schroeder, G. Savettieri, A. Novelletto, R. Kurita, P. Oschmann, I. Plaza, M. Oliveres, Simone Spuler, A. Molins, M. Schwab, J. R. Kalden, C. P. Gennaula, Y. Baklan, O. Picard, J. M. Léger, B. Mokri, E. Ghidoni, M. Jacob, D. Deplanque, W. JÄnisch, C. De Andres, P. De Deyn, G. Guomundsson, B. Herron, J. Barado, J. L. Gastaut, Guglielmo Scarlato, F. Poron, Nicola Jones, H. Teisserenc, C. P. Hawkins, A. J. Steck, H. C. Chandler, S. Blanc, J. H. Faiss, Jm. Soler Insa, I. Sarova-Ponchas, M. Malberin, A. Sackmann, G. De Vuono, K. Kaiser-Rub, K. Badhia, E. Szwabowska-Orzeszko, S. Ramm, C. Jodice, G. Franck, J. Marta-Moreno, R. Sciolla, C. Fritz, A. Attaccalite, F. Weber, E. Neuman, M. Cannata, A. Rodriguez, I. Nachainkin, R. Raffaele, T. S. Yu, N. Losseff, E. Fabrizio, C. Khati, M. Keipes, M. P. Ortega, M. Ramos-Alvarez, E. Brambilla, A. Tarasov, K. H. Wollinsky, O. B. Paulson, F. Boller, G. Bozzato, H. Wagnur, R. Canton, D. Testa, E. Kutluaye, M. Calopa, D. Smadja, G. Malatesta, F. Baggi, A. Stracciari, G. Daral, G. Avanzini, J. Perret, J. Arenas, P. Boon, I. Gomes, A. Vortmeyer, P. Cesaro, S. Venz, E. Bernd Ringelstein, N. Milani, D. Laplane, P. Seibel, E. Tournier-Lasserve, Alexis Brice, L. Motti, E. Wascher, R. J. Abbot, F. Miralles, A. Turon, P. De Camilli, G. Luz, G. C. Guazzi, S. Tekin, F. Lesoin, T. Kryst, N. Lannoy, F. Gerstenbrand, S. Ballivet, H. A. M. van Diemen, J. Lopez-ArLandis, P. Bell, A. Silvani, M. A. Garcia, S. Vorstrup, D. Langdon, S. Ueno, B. Sander, V. Ozurk, C. Gurses, P. Berlit, J. M. Martinez-Lage, M. Treacy, S. O. Rodiek, S. Cherninkova, J. Grimaud, P. Marozzi, K. Hasert, S. Goldman, S. H. Ingwersen, A. Taghavy, T. Roig, R. Harper, I. Sarova-Pinchas, Anthony H.V. Schapira, R. Lebtahi, A. Vidaller, B. Stankov, D. Link, J. p. Malin, V. Petrova, Ludwig Kappos, J. L. Ochoa, T. Torbergsen, M. Carpo, M. Donato, Simon Shorvon, J. Mieszkowski, J. Perez-Serra, Raymond Voltz, G. Comi, S. Rafique, A. Perez-Sempere, N. Khalfallah, S. Bailleul, M. Borgers, S. Banfi, S. Mossman, A. Laihinen, G. Filippini, R. A. Grunewald, E. Stern, H. D. Herrmann, A. G. Droogan, P. Xue, A. Grilo, L. La Mantia, J. H. J. Wokke, S. Pizzul, Kie Kian Ang, S. Rapaport, W. Szaplyko, B. Romero, P. Brunet, A. Albanese, C. Davie, V. Crespi, F. Birklein, H. Sharif, L. Jose, D. Auer, N. Heye, Martin N. Rossor, C. E. Henderson, M. J. Koepp, J. Rubio, P. L. Baron, S. Mahal, Juha O. Rinne, J. I. Emparanza, S. E. C. Davies, Frederik Barkhof, M. Riva, R. E. Brenner, B. A. Pope, Lemaire, E. Dupont, D. Ulbricht, G. C. Pastorino, R. Retska, E. Chroni, A. Danielli, V. Malashkhia, T. Canet, J. C. Garcia-Valdecasas, J. Serena, R. A. Pfeiffer, B. Wirk, B. Muzzetto, V. Caruso, M. L. Giros, A. Ming Wang, E. L. E. Guern, F. Bille-Turg, Y. Satoh, C. H. Franke, M. Ait-Kaci-Ahmed, D. Genis, T. Pasierski, D. Riva, M. Panisset, A. Chamorro, P.A. van Doorn, S. Schellong, H. Hamer, F. Durif, P. Krauseneck, Y. Bahou, B. A. Pickut, M. Rijnites, H. Nyland, G. Jager, L. L. Serra, A. Rohl, X. P. Li, O. Arena, Hubert Kwieciński, N. Milpied, M. C. Bourdel, S. Assami, L. Law, J. Moszkowski, J. W. Thorpe, M. Aguennouz, R. Martin, D. Hoffmann, P. Morris, A. Destée, D. J. Charron, U. Senin, A. P. SempereE, M. Dreyfus, A. L. Benabid, M. Gomez, S. Heindle, M. C. Morel-Kopp, M. Hennerici, A. I. Santos, M. Djannelidze, N. Artemis, John Collinge, T. Rundek, M. Y. Voloshin, P. de Castro, Th. Wiethege, D. A. S. Compston, D. Schiffer, A. J. Hughes, D. Jimenez, V. Parlato, A. Papadimitriou, J. M. Gergaud, R. Sterzi, J. Arpa, G. de Pinieux, F. Buggle, P. Gimbergues, H. Ruottinen, R. Marzella, W. Koehler, Y. Yurekli, A. Haase, Z. Privorkin, G. K. Harvey, B. Chave, A. J. Grau, E. M. Stadlan, J. List, C. Zorzi, B.W. van Oosten, P. Derkinderen, B. Casati, J. M. Maloteaux, K. Vahedi, W. L. J. van Putten, J. C. Sabourin, D. Lorenzetti, Plenevaux, J. W. B. Moll, A. Morento Fernandez, M. Lema, M. A. Horsfleld, P. De Jongh, S. Gikova, K. Kutluk, Monique M.B. Breteler, P. Saddier, A. Berbinschi, R. E. Cull, P. Echaniz, H. Kober, C. Minault, V. Kramer, A. L. Edal, S. Passero, T. Eckardt, K. E. Davies, A. Salmaggi, R. Kaiser, A. A. Grasso, Claudio Mariani, G. Egersbach, Hakan Gurvit, O. Dereeper, C. Vital, L. Wrabetz, A. Vecino, M. Aguilar, G. Bielicki, H. Becher, J. Castro, S. Iotti, M. G. Natali-Sora, E. Berta, S. Carlomagno, L. Ayuso-Peralta, P. H. Rondepierre, I. Bonaventura, B. V. Deuren, N. Van Blercom, M. Sciaky, J. Faber, M. Alberoni, M. Nieto, F. Sellal, C. Stelmasiak, M. Takao, J. Bradley, D. Zegers de Beyl, H. Porsche, G. Goi, H. Pongratz, F. Chapon, S. Happe, Robin S. Howard, B. Weder, S. Vlaski-Jekic, J. M. Ferro, R. Nemni, A. Daif, Herbert Budka, W. Van Paesschen, B. Waldecker, F. Carceller, J. Lacau, F. Soga, J. Peres Serra, E. Timmerman, A. M. vd Vliet, J. L. Emparanza, N. Vanacore, A. Pizzuti, N. Marti, A. Davalos, N. Ayraud, U. Zettl, J. Vivancos, Z. Katsarou, H. M. Mehdorn, G. Geraud, M. Merlini, M. Schröter, A. Ebner, M. Lanteri-Minet, R. Soler, G. P. Anzola, S. L. Hauser, L. Cahalon, S. DiDonato, R. Cantello, M. Marchau, J. Gioanni, F. Heidenreich, J. Manuel Martinez Lage, P. Descoins, F. Woimant, J. F. Campo, M. H. Verdier-taillefer, M. S. F. Barkhof, G. J. Kemp, A. O. Ceballos-Baumann, J. Berciano, M. Guidi, Tarek A. Yousry, B. Chandra, A. Rapoport, P. Canhao, A. Spitzer, T. Maeda, J. M. Pereira Monteiro, V. Paquis, Th. Mokrusch, F. J. Arrieta, I. Sangla, F. Canizares-Liebana, Lang Chr, André Delacourte, V. Fetoni, P. Kovachev, D. Kidd, L. Ferini-Strambi, E. Donati, E. Idman, A. Chio, C. Queiros, D. Michaelis, S. Boyacigil, A. Rodrigo, S. M. Yelamos, B. Chassande, P. Louwen, C. Tranchant, E. Ciafalon, A. Lombardo, A. Twijnstra, A. L. Fernandez, H. Kott, A. Cannas, N. Zsurger, T. Zileli, E. Metin, P. C. Bain, G. Fromont, B. Tedesi, A. Liberani, X. Navarro, M. C. Rowbotham, V. Hachinski, F. Cavalcanti, W. Rostene, R. M. Gardiner, F. Gonzalez, B. Köster, E. A. van der Veen, J. P. Lefaucheur, C. Marescaux, D. Boucquey, E. Parati, S. Yamaguchi, A. S. Orb, R. Grant, G. D. P. Smith, P. Goethals, M. Haguenau, G. Georgiev, I. N. van Schaik, Guy A. Rouleau, E. Iceman, G. Fayet, M. G. Kaplitt, C. Baracchini, H. Magnusson, G. Meneghetti, N. Malichard, M. L. Subira, D. Mancia, A. Berenguer, D. Navarrete Palau, H. Franssen, G. Kiziltan, M. P. Lopez, J. Montalt, S. Norby, R. Piedra Crespo, T. L. Rothstein, R. Falip, B. YalÇiner, F. Chedru, I. W. Thorpe, F. W. Heatley, D. S. C. Ochoa, C. Labaune, M. Devoti, O. Lider, Jakob Korf, N. Suzuki, E. A. Maguire, A. Moulignier, J. C. van Swieten, F. Monaco, J. Cartron, A. Steck, B. Uludag, M. Alexandra, H. Reichmann, T. Rossi, L. E. Claveria, A. M. Crouzel, M. A. Mena, J. Gasnault, J. W. Kowalski, S. I. Mellgren, V. Feigin, L. Demisch, J. Montalban, J. Renato, J. Mathieu, N. Goebels, L. Bava, K. Kunre, M. Pulik, S. Di Donato, C. Tzekov, H. Veldman, S. Giménez-Roldan, B. Lechevalier, L. Redondo, B. Pillon, M. Gugenheim, E. Roullet, J. M. Valdueza, C. Gori, H. J. Friedrich, L. de Saint Martin, F. Block, E. Basart, M. Heilmann, B. Becq Giraudon, C. Rodolico, G. Stevanin, Elizabeth K. Warrington, A. T. M. Willemsen, K. Kunze, C. Ben Hamida, M. Alam, J. R. ùther, A. Battistel, G. Della Marca, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, F. Palau, T. Brandt, Chicoutimi, L. Bove, L. Callea, A. Jaspert, T. Klopstock, K. Fassbender, Alan J. Thomas, A. Ferbert, V. Nunes, Douglas Russell, P. Garancini, C. Sanz-Sebastian, O. Santiag, G. Dhaenens, G. Seidel, I. Savic, A. Florea-Strat, M. Rousseaux, N. Catala, E. O'Sullivan, M. J. Manifacier, H. Kurtel, T. Mendel, P. Chariot, M. Salas, D. Brenton, R. Lopez, J. Thorpe, Jimmy D. Bell, E. Hofmann, E. Botia, J. Pacquereau, A. Struppler, C. d'Aniello, D. Conway, A. Garcia-Merino, K. Toyooka, S. Hodgkinson, E. Ciusani, Stefano Bastianello, A. Andrade Filho, M. Zaffaroni, G. Pleiffer, F. Coria, A. Schwartz, D. Baltadjiev, I. Rother, K. Joussen, J. Touchon, K. Kutlul, P. Praamstra, H. Sirin, S. Richard, C. Mariottu, L. Frattola, S. T. Dekesky, G. Wieneke, M. Chatel, O. Godefroy, C. Desnuelle, S. OzckmekÇi, C. H. Zielinski, P. van Deventer, S. Jozwiak, I. Galan, J. M. Grau, V. Vieira, T. A. Treves, S. Ertan, A. Pujol, S. Blecic, E. M. Zanette, F. Ceriani, W. Camu, L. Aquilone, A. Benomar, F. Greco, A. Pascual-Leone Pascual, T. Yanagihara, F. A. Delfino, R. Damels, S. Merkelbach, J. Beltran, A. Barrientos, S. Brugge, B. Hildebrandt-Müller, M. H. Nascimento, M. Rocchi, F. Cervantes, E. Castelli, R. M. Pressler, S. Yeil, A. del Olmo, J. L. Herranz, L. J. Kappelle, Y. Demir, N. Inoue, R. Hershkoviz, A. Luengo, S. Bien, F. Viallet, P. Malaspina, G. De Michele, G. Nolfe, P. Adeleine, T. Liehr, G. Fenelon, H. Masson, Kailash P. Bhatia, W. Haberbosch, S. Mederer, R. S. J. Frackowiak, Tanya Stojkovic, S. Previtali, A. E. Harding, W. Kohler, N. P. Quin, T. R. Marra, J. P. Moisan, A. Melchor, M. L. Viguera, Mary G. Sweeney, G. L. Romani, J. Hezel, R. A. Dierckx, R. Torta, A. Kratzer, T. Pauwels, D. Decoo, Adriana Campi, Neil Kitchen, J. Haas, U. Neubauer, J. J. Merland, A. Yagiz, A. Antonuzzo, A. Zangaladze, J. Parra, Pablo Martinez-Lage, D. J. Brooks, S. Hauser, R. Di Pierri, M. Campero, R. Caldarelli-Stefano, A. M. Colangelo, J. L. Pozo, C. Estol, F. Picard, A. Palmieri, J. Massons, JT Phillips, G. B. Groozman, R. Pentore, L. M. Ossege, C. Bayon, Hans-Peter Hartung, R. Konyalioglu, R. Lampis, D. Ancri, M. Miletta, F. J. Claramonte, W. Retz, F. Hentges, JM Cooper, M. Cordes, M. Limburg, M. Brock, G. R. Coulton, K. Helmke, Rosa Larumbe, A. Ohly, F. Landgraf, A. M. Drewes, Claudia Trenkwalder, M. Keidel, T. Segura, C. Scholz, J. HÄgele, D. Baudoin-Martin, P. Manganelli, J. Valdueza, M. Farinotti, U. Zwiener, M. P. Schiavalla, Y. P. Young, O. Barlas, G. Hertel, E. H. Weiss, M. Eiselt, A. Lossos, M. Bartoli, L. Krolicki, W. Villafana, W. Peterson, Nicoletta Meucci, C. Agbo, R. Luksch, F. Fiacco, G. Ponsot, M. Lopez, Howard L. Weiner, M. D. Alonso, K. Petry, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, P. Giustini, S. Tyrdal, R. Poupon, J. Blanke, P. Oubary, A. A. Kruize, H. Trabucchi, R. R. C. Stewart, H. Grehl, B. M. Kulig, V. Vinhas, D. Spagnoli, B. Mahe, J. Tatay, C. Hess, M. D. Albadalejo, G. Birbamer, M. Alonso, F. Valldeoriola, J. Figols, I. Wirguin, E. Diez Tejedor, C. S. Weiller, L.H. van den Berg, P. Barreiro, L. Pianese, S. Cocozza, R. Kohnen, E. Redolfi, F. Faralli, G. Gosztonyl, A. J. Gur, A. Keyser, V. Fichter-Gagnepain, B. Wildemann, E. Omodeo-Zorini, Gregoire, J. Schopohl, F. Fraschini, G. Wunderlich, B. Jakubowska, F. P. Serra, N. B. Jensen, O. Delattre, C. Leno, A. Dario, P. Grafe, F. Graus, M. C. Vigliani, J. L. Dobato, Philip N. Hawkins, R. Marés, A. Rimola, N. Meussi, G. Aimard, W. Hospers, A. M. Robertson, C. Kaplan, W. Lamadé, Karen E. Morrison, Amadio, E. Kieffer, F. Dromer, P. Bernasconi, M. Repeto, Davide Pareyson, Jeremy Rees, A. Guarneri, P. Odin, P. Bouche, L. Nogueira, J. Munoz, L. Leocani, M. J. Arcusa, R. S. J. Frackowiack, John S. Duncan, D. Karacostas, D. Edwin, I. Costa, M. Menetrey, P. Grieb, A. M. Salvan, S. Cunha, P. Merel, P. Pfeiffer, A. Astier, F. Federico, A. Mrabet, M. G. Buzzi, L. Knudsen, I. F. Pye, L. Falqui, C. R. Hornig, C. E. Shaw, C. Brigel, T. C. Britton, R. Codoceo, T. Pampols, Vincent J. Cunningham, N. Archidiacono, G. Chazot, J. B. Posner, L. L. O. Befalo, M. Monclus, C. Cabezas, H. Moser, H. Stodal, J. Ley-Pozo, L. Brusa, R. Di Mascio, P. Giannini, J. Fernandez, R. Santiago Luis, J. Garcia Tigera, J. Wilmink, P. Pignatelli, M. El Amrani, V. Lucivero, M. Baiget, R. Lodi, P. H. Cabre, L. Grande, A. Korczyn, R. Fahlbusch, C. Milanese, W. Huber, J. Susseve, H. C. Nahser, K. Mondrup, X. O. Breakefield, J. Sarria, T. H. Vogt, A. Alessandri, M. Daffertshofer, I. Nelson, M. L. Monticelli, O. Dammann, G. G. Farnarier, G. Felisari, A. Quattrini, A. Boiardi, P. Mazetti, H. Liu, J. Duarte, M. E. Gaunt, H. Strik, N. Yulug, A. Urman, J. Posner, Aida Suarez Gonzalez, Ma. L. Giros, Z. Matkovic, D. Kompf, A. D. Korczyn, A. Steinbrecher, R. Wenzel, M. C. de Rijk, R. Doronzo, J. Julien, O. Hasegawa, M. Kramer, V. Collado-Scidel, M. Alonso de Lecinana, L. Dell'Arciprete, S. Rapuzzi, S. Bahar, H. Willison, M. T. Ramacci, J.J. Martin, Lopez-Bresnahan, C. Malapani, R. Haaxma, T. Rosenberg, J. Patrignani, R. Vichi, Martin R. Farlow, J. Roquer, L. Krols, M. Pimenta, C. Bucka, U. Klose, M. Roberts, J. Salas-Puig, R. Ghnassia, A. Mercuri, C. Maltempo, I. Tournev, P. Homeyer, D. Caparros-Lefevre, E. P. O. Sullivan, T. Vashadze, Ph. Lyrer, A. Deltoro, H. Kondo, M. Steinling, A. Graham, G. C. Miescher, A. Pace, D. Branca, G. Avello, H. H. Kornhuber, D. Fernandes, H. Friedrich, R. Chorao, H. O. Lüders, R. T. Bax, J. A. Macias, N. Yilmaz, J. Veroust, M. Miller, S. Confort-Gouny, J. L. Sastre, D. Servello, G. Boysen, S. Koeppen, V. Planté-Bordeneuve, H. Albrecht, R. H. M. King, G. Orkodashili, R. Doornbos, H. Toyooka, V. Larrue, M. Sabatelli, K. Williams, M. Stevens, V. Maria, M. Comabella, C. Lammers, R. M. L. Poublon, E. Tizzano, P. Pazzaglia, F. Zoeller, M. B. Delisle, J. P. Goument, J. M. Minderhoud, A. Sghirlanzoni, V. Meininger, M. Al Deeb, C. Bertelt, A. Cagni, A. Algra, F. Morales, K. A. Flugel, M. Maidani, M. Noya, Z. Seidl, U. Roelcke, D. Cannata, E. Katiane EmbiruÇu, E. M. Wicklein, K. Willmes, L. Hanoglu, J. F. Pellissier, Yves Agid, E. Cuadrado, S. Brock, D. Maimone, Z. G. Nadareishvili, E. Matta, S. Hilmi, V. Assuerus, F. Lomena, R. Springer, F. Cabrera-Valdivia, Oscar L. Lopez, M. Casazza, F. Vivancos, Ralf Gold, T. Crawford, B. Moulard, M. Poisson, W. l. McDonald, D. E. Grobbe, Alan Connelly, H. Ozcan, S. Abeta, H. Severo Ochoa, A. C. van Loenen, E. Libson, M. J. Marti, B. George, C. Ferrarese, B. Jacobs, L. Divano, T. Ben-Hur, A. L. Bootsma, V. Martinez, A. Conti, R. P. Maguire, B. Schmidt, D. M. Campos, D. A. Guzman, E. Meary, C. Richart, P. B. Christensen, T. Schroeder, Massimo Zeviani, K. Jensen, R. Aliaga, S. Seitz-Dertinger, J. W. Griffin, C. Fryze, H. Baas, S. Braun, A. M. Porrini, B. Yemez, M. J. Sedano, C. Creisson, A. Del Santo, A. Mainz, R. Kay, S. Livraghi, R. de Waal, D. Macgregor, H. Hefter, R. Garghentino, U. Ruotsalainen, M. Matsumoto, M. G. Beaudry, P. M. Morrison, J. C. Petit, C. Walon, Ph. Chemouilli, F. Henderson, R. Massa, A. Cruz Martinez, U. Liska, F. Hecht, Ernst Holler, V. S. de Bruin, B. B. Sheitman, S. M. Bentzen, C. Bayindir, F. Pallesta, P. E. Roland, J. Parrilla, P. Zunker, L. F. Burchinskaya, G. Mellino, S. Ben Ayed, D. Bonneau, P. Nowacki, M. Goncalves, P. Riederer, N. Mavroudakis, J. Togores, L. Rozewicz, S. Robeck, Y. Perez Gilabert, L. Rampello, A. Rogopoulos, S. Martinez, F. Schildermans, C. Radder, P. B. Hedlund, J. Cambier, M. Aabed, G. D. Jackson, P. Gasparini, P. Santacruz, J. Vandevivere, H. Dural, A. Mantel, W. Dorndorf, N. Ediboglu, A. Lofgren, J. Bogousslavsky, P. Thierauf, L. Goullard, R. Maserati, B. Moering, M. Ryba, J. Serra, G. G. Govan, A. Pascual-Leone, S. Schaeffer, M. R. Rosenfeld, A. P. Correia, K. Ray Chaudhuri, L. Campbell, R. Spreafico, B. Genetet, A. M. Tantot, R. A. G. Hughes, J. A. Vidal, G. Erkol, J. Y. Delattre, B. Yaqub, B. K. Hecht, E. Mayayo, Ph. Scheltens, J. Corral, M. Calaf, L. Henderson, C. Y. Li, U. Bogdahn, R. Sanchez-Roy, M. Navasa, J. Ballabriga, G. Broggi, T. Gudeva, C. Rose, J. Vion-Dury, J. A. Gastaut, J. Pniewski, Nicola J. Robertson, G. Kohncke, M. Billot, S. Gok, E. Castellli, F. Denktas, P. Bazzi, F. Spinelli, I. F. Moseley, C. D. Mardsen, B. Barbiroli, O. M. Koriech, A. Miller, Hiroaki Yoshikawa, F. X. Borruat, J. Zielasek, P. Le Coz, J. Pascual, A. Drouet, L. T. Giron, F. Schondube, R. Midgard, M. Alizadeh, M. Liguori, Lionel Ginsberg, L. Harms, C. Tilgner, G. Tognoni, F. Molteni, Mar Tintoré, M. Psylla, C. Goulon-Goeau, M. V. Aguilar, Massimo Filippi, K. H. Mauritz, Thomas V. Fernandez, C. Basset, S. Rossi, P. Meneses, B. Jandolo, T. Locatelli, D. Shechtcr, C. Magnani, R. Ferri, Bruno Dubois, J. M. Warier, S. Berges, F. Idiman, M. Schabet, R. R. Diehl, P. D'aurelio, M. Musior, Reinhard Hohlfeld, P. Smeyers, M. Olivé, A. Riva, C. A. Broere, N. Egund, S. Franceschetti, V. Bonavita, Nicola Canal, E. Timmermans, M. Ruiz, S. Barrandon, G. Vasilaski, B. Deweer, L. Galiano, S. F. T. M. de Bruijn, L. Masana, A. Goossens, B. Heye, K. Lauer, Heinz Gregor Wieser, Stephen R. Williams, B. Garavaglia, A. P. Sempere, F. Grigoletto, P. Poindron, R. Lopez-Pajares, I. Leite, T. A. McNell, C. Caucheteur, J. M. Giron, A. D. Collins, P. Freger, J. Sanhez Del Rio, D. A. Harn, K. Lindner, S. S. Scherer, G. Serve, M. Juncadella, X. Estivill, R. Binkhorst, M. Anderson, B. Tekinsoy, C. Sagan, T. Anastopoulos, G. Japaridze, S. Guillou, F. Erminio, Jon Sussman, P. G. Oomes, D. S. Rust, S. Mascheroni, O. Berger, M. Peresson, K. V. Toyka, T. W. Polder, M. Huberman, B. Arpaci, H. Ramtami, I. Martinez, Ph. Violon, P. P. Gazzaniga Pozzill, R. Ruda, P. Auzou, J. Parker, S. P. Morrissey, Jiahong Zhu, F. Rotondi, P. Baron, W. Schmid, P. Doneda, M. Spadaro, M. C. Nargeot, I. Banchs, J.S.P. van den Berg, R. Ferrai, M. Robotti, M. Fredj, Pedro M. Rodríguez Cruz, B. Erne, D. G. Piepgras, M. C. Arne-Bes, J. Escudero, C. Goetz, A. R. Naylor, M. Hallett, O. Abramsky, E. Bonifacio, L. E. Larsson, R. Pellikka, P. Valalentino, D. Guidetti, B. Buchwald, C. H. Lücking, D. Gauvreau, F. Pfaff, A. Ben Younes-Chennoufi, R. Kiefer, R. Massot, K. A. Hossmann, L. Werdelin, P. J. Baxter, U. Ziflo, S. Allaria, C. D. Marsden, M. Cabaret, S. P. Mueller, E. Calabrese, R. Colao, S. I. Bekkelund, M. Yilmaz, O. Oktem-Tanor, R. Gine, M. E. Scheulen, J. Beuuer, A. Melo, Z. Gulay, M. D. Have, C. Frith, D. Liberati, J. Gozlan, P. Rondot, Ch. Brunholzl, M. Pocchiari, J. Pena, L. Moiola, C. Salvadori, A. Cabello, T. Catarci, S. Webb, C. Dettmers, N. A. Gregson, Alexandra Durr, F. Iglesias, U. Knorr, L. Ferrini-Strambi, F. Kruggel, P. Allard, A. Coquerel, P. Genet, F. Vinuels, C. Oberwittler, A. Torbicki, P. Leffers, B. Renault, B. Fauser, C. Ciano, G. Uziel, J. M. Gibson, F. Anaya, C. Derouesné, C. N. Anagnostou, M. Kaido, W. Eickhoff, G. Talerico, M. L. Berthier, A. Capdevila, M. Alons, D. Rezek, E. Wondrusch, U. Kauerz, D. Mateo, M. A. Chornet, Holon, N. Pinsard, I. Doganer, E. Paoino, H. Strenge, C. Diaz, J. R. Brasic, W. Heide, I. Santilli, W. M. Korn, D. Selcuki, M. J. Barrett, D. Krieger, T. Leon, T. Houallah, M. Tournilhac, C. Nos, D. Chavot, F. Barbieri, F. J. Jimenez-Jimenez, J. Muruzabal, K. Poeck, A. Sennlaub, L. M. Iriarte, L. G. Lazzarino, C. Sanz, P. A. Fischer, S. D. Shorvon, R. Hoermann, F. Delecluse, M. Krams, O. Corabianu, F. H. Hochberg, Christopher J. Mathias, B. Debachy, C. M. Poser, L. Delodovici, A. Jimenez-Escrig, F. Baruzzi, F. Godenberg, D. Cucinotta, P. J. Garcia Ruiz, K. Maier-Hauff, P. R. Bar, R. Mezt, R. Jochens, S. Karakaneva, C. Roberti, E. Caballero, Joseph E. Parisi, M. Zamboni, T. Lacasa, B. Baklan, J. C. Gautier, J. A. Martinez-Matos, W. Pollmann, G. Thomas, L. Verze, E. Chleide, R. Alvarez Sala, I. Noel, E. Albuisson, O. Kastrup, S. I. Rapoport, H. J. Braune, H. Lörler, M. Le Merrer, A. Biraben, S. Soler, S. J. Taagholt, U. Meyding-Lamadé, K. Bleasdale-Barr, Isabella Moroni, Y. Campos, J. Matias-Guiu, G. Edan, M. G. Bousser, John B. Clark, J. Garcia de Yebenes, N. K. Olsen, P. Hitzenberger, S. Einius, Aj Thompson, Ch. J. Vecht, T. Crepin-Leblond, Klaus L. Leenders, A. Di Muzio, L. Georgieva, René Spiegel, K. Sabey, D. Ménégalli, J. Meulstee, U. Liszka, P. Giral, C. Sunol, J. M. Espadaler, A. D. Crockar, K. Varli, G. Giraud, P. J. Hülser, A. Benazzouz, A. Reggio, M. Salvatore, K. Genc, M. Kushnir, S. Barbieri, J. Ph. Azulay, M. Gianelli, N. Bathien, A. AlMemar, F. Hentati, I. Ragueneau, F. Chiarotti, R. C. F. Smits, A. K. Asbury, F. Lacruz, B. Muller, Alan J. Thompson, Gordon Smith, K. Schmidt, C. Daems Monpeun, Juergen Weber, A. Arboix, G. R. Fink, A. M. Cobo, M. Ait Kaci Ahmed, E. Gencheva, Israel-Biet, G. Schlaug, P. De Jonghe, Philip Scheltens, K. Toyka, P. Gonzalez-Porque, A. Cila, J. M. Fernandez, P. Augustin, J. Siclia, S. Medaglini, D. E. Ziogas, A. Feve, L. Kater, G. J. E. Rinkel, D. Leppert, Rüdiger J. Seitz, S. Ried, C. Turc-Carel, G. Smeyers, F. Godinho, M. Czygan, M. Rijntjes, E. Aversa, M. Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations: Transcranial colour-coded sonography as a diagnostic aid

Author: D. Terence Hope, M. E. Gaunt, David H. Evans, P. J. Martin, Victoria Orpe, and A. Ross Naylor
Subjects: Adult, Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Biophysics, Diastole, Diagnostic aid, Central nervous system disease, Aneurysm, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Pulse, Aged, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Vascular disease, Ultrasound, Angiography, Digital Subtraction, Intracranial Aneurysm, Arteriovenous malformation, Blood flow, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cerebral Angiography, Female, Radiology, business, Blood Flow Velocity
Abstract: Transcranial colour-coded sonography (TCCS) is a new development in noninvasive cerebral vascular imaging. We studied 5 patients with known intracranial aneurysms and 12 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM). We were unable to image any of the aneurysms (all 5 mm or less in diameter) using colour flow ultrasound. Similarly, pulsed wave Doppler interrogation failed to reveal any flow disturbances. Nine out of 12 AVMs were successfully visualised as serpiginous structures and the principal feeder vessels were identified in 11 cases. Blood flow velocities in the feeder vessels were elevated compared with the same vessel contralaterally (median [cm/s]; peak systolic 227 vs. 89, P = 0.001; mean 178 vs. 57, P = 0.001; end diastolic 138 vs. 37, P0.0005). Pulsatility indices (PI) and resistance indices (RI) in the feeder vessels were reduced relative to the same vessel contralaterally (median PI 0.46 vs. 0.94, P0.0005; median RI 0.37 vs. 0.59, P0.0005). At present, TCCS appears of little value in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms, but it shows promise for the imaging of AVMs and their haemodynamic study.
Published: 1994
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Doppler-guided intra-operative fluid management during major abdominal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: S R, Walsh, T, Tang, S, Bass, and M E, Gaunt
Subjects: Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Abdomen, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract: Peri-operative fluid therapy is a controversial area with few randomised trials to guide practice. Recently, a number of trials have suggested that intra-operative therapy guided by oesophageal Doppler acquired haemodynamic variables may improve postoperative outcome.Abstract databases and conference proceedings were searched to identify randomised controlled trials comparing Doppler-guided intra-operative fluid management to standard practice in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Pooled odds ratios (POR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated for categorical and continuous outcomes respectively.Four trials, comprising 393 patients, were identified. Use of an oesophageal Doppler-guided fluid management algorithm resulted in fewer postoperative complications (POR 0.32; 95% CI: 0.19-0.52; p0.0001) and shorter hospital stays (WMD 1.68 days; 95% CI: 2.39-0.98; p0.0001). There were no significant differences in the quantities of intra-operative fluids administered although there was some evidence of heterogeneity with respect to this outcome.Oesophageal Doppler-guided fluid management may improve outcome following major intra-abdominal surgery. However, comparison with fluid restriction strategies, including a cost-effectiveness analysis are required.
Published: 2007

16. Perioperative fluid management: prospective audit

Author: S R, Walsh, E J, Cook, R, Bentley, N, Farooq, J, Gardner-Thorpe, T, Tang, M E, Gaunt, and E C, Coveney
Subjects: Cohort Studies, Male, Electrolytes, Laparotomy, Medical Audit, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Female, Professional Practice, Prospective Studies, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Perioperative Care, Monitoring, Physiologic
Abstract: Postoperative fluid management is a core surgical skill but there are few data regarding current fluid management practice and the incidence of potential fluid-related complications in general surgical units. We conducted a prospective audit of postoperative fluid management and fluid-related complications in a consecutive cohort of patients undergoing midline laparotomy.Over a 6-month period, the peri-operative fluid management of 106 consecutive patients was prospectively audited. Serum electrolyte data, fluid balance data, co-morbidities, operative and anaesthetic variables and quantities of fluid and electrolytes prescribed were recorded. The development of fluid-related and other complications was noted.There were no correlations between routinely available fluid balance parameters and the quantities of fluid and electrolytes prescribed, suggesting that doctors do not consult fluid balance data when prescribing. Fifty-seven patients (54%) developed at least one fluid-related complication. These patients received significantly greater volumes of fluid and sodium each day postoperatively. They had higher rates of other non-fluid-related complications and death. They had a longer hospital stay. In a multivariate model, mean daily fluid load predicted the development of fluid-related complications.Fluid prescription practice in general surgical units is sub-optimal, resulting in avoidable iatrogenic complications. Involvement of senior staff, education and possibly the introduction of prescribing protocols may improve the situation.
Published: 2007

17. Deterioration in carotid baroreflex during carotid endarterectomy

Author: D, Sigaudo-Roussel, D H, Evans, A R, Naylor, R B, Panerai, N L, London, P, Bell, and M E, Gaunt
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Male, Endarterectomy, Carotid, Blood Pressure, Baroreflex, Middle Aged, Perioperative Care, Carotid Arteries, Postoperative Complications, Heart Rate, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Female, Intraoperative Complications, Aged
Abstract: Blood pressure instability after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been associated with a disturbance of the baroreflex control mechanism caused by the surgery in the carotid sinus region. The purpose of this study was to determine if a deterioration in carotid baroreceptors occurs during the surgery.Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded continuously in 60 patients undergoing CEA as well as preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 days and 6 weeks. The baroreflex sensitivity was determined by cross-spectral analysis of HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP). During the surgery, three tests were used to assess the baroreflex response. The first test simulated a sudden fall in systemic blood pressure by clamping the common carotid artery. The second test simulated a rise in systemic blood pressure by applying pressure by using a rubbing action on the luminal surface of the carotid sinus region. The rub test was performed twice, once with the atheromatous plaque in situ and once when the plaque had been removed. The third test is clamp removal and restoration of blood flow through the carotid sinus.Carotid cross-clamping increased mean +/- standard error of the mean SBP from 117 +/- 3 mm Hg before clamping to 125 +/- 3 mm Hg (P.05) at 30 beats after clamping. The first rub test with the plaque in situ decreased SBP from 121 +/- 3 mm Hg to 117 +/- 3 mm Hg (P.01) at 10 beats after the rub test, indicating a functioning baroreceptor reflex. The second rub test increased SBP from 126 +/- 3 mm Hg to 128 +/- 3 mm Hg (P.05). SBP dropped (P.01) when unclamping suggesting a selective alteration of the baroreflex sensitivity. The baroreflex sensitivity was significantly reduced 2 days postoperatively when compared to preoperative values (P.05).These findings suggest that the act of plaque removal could be associated with a partial disruption of baroreceptor mechanism in the carotid artery. This could affect type I baroreceptors.
Published: 2002

18. Reducing the risk of carotid surgery: a 7-year audit of the role of monitoring and quality control assessment

Author: Holger Allroggen, Paul D. Hayes, M. E. Gaunt, Matt M. Thompson, N. Lennard, Nicholas J.M. London, Peter R.F. Bell, and A. Ross Naylor
Subjects: Quality Control, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Angioscopy, Carotid endarterectomy, Thromboembolic stroke, Clinical Protocols, Monitoring, Intraoperative, medicine, Humans, Embolization, Prospective Studies, Thrombus, Stroke, Endarterectomy, Carotid, Medical Audit, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Perioperative, medicine.disease, Transcranial Doppler, Surgery, Anesthesia, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background and Purpose: The current risk of stroke after carotid endarterectomy may be worse than reported in the international trials. Because studies have suggested that most operative strokes follow surgeon error, the aim of the current study was to audit the impact of introducing a strategy of perioperative monitoring and quality control assessment on outcome. Methods: A total of 500 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy with intraoperative transcranial Doppler scan monitoring, completion angioscopy, and 3 hours of postoperative transcranial Doppler scan monitoring. The last of these guided selective dextran therapy in patients with high rates of postoperative embolization, which in previous series has been shown to be highly predictive of progression to thromboembolic stroke. Results: Intimal flaps were repaired in 3% of patients and luminal thrombus removed in 4% of patients. The rate of intraoperative stroke was 0.2%. A total of 313 patients had more than one embolus detected postoperatively (96% within 2 hours of flow restoration), but only 22 patients had sustained embolization requiring dextran. Embolization ceased in all but one patient receiving dextran, although the dose had to be increased in seven patients (36%). One patient was unable to receive adequate dextran therapy because of severe cardiac failure. Overall, the 30-day death/stroke rate was 2.2%, no patient had a perioperative stroke because of carotid thrombosis, and the rate of ipsilateral embolic stroke was 0.8%. Most complications resulted from cardiac pathology or intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions: A program of monitoring and quality control assessment has been associated with a 60% decrease in the operative risk in comparison with that observed before implementation of the protocol. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:750-9.)
Published: 2000

19. Assessment of intracranial primary collaterals using transcranial color-coded real-time sonography

Author: A.R. Naylor, P. J. Martin, J. L. Smith, and M. E. Gaunt
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Communicating Artery, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemodynamics, Collateral Circulation, Cerebral Revascularization, Carotid endarterectomy, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Carotid Stenosis, Aged, Endarterectomy, Carotid, business.industry, medicine.disease, Transcranial Doppler, Stenosis, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Middle cerebral artery, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Circle of Willis, Female, Neurology (clinical), Internal carotid artery, business, Blood Flow Velocity, Carotid Artery, Internal
Abstract: Transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) was used to assess primary willisian collaterals in 100 patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Their importance was determined during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by transcranial Doppler measurement of blood flow velocity in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCAV) before and after carotid clamping. All patients had unilateral ICA disease of at least 60% stenosis. Twenty-nine ICAs (14.5%) were occluded, 70 vessels (35%) were stenosed by 80 to 99%, 43 vessels (21.5%) were stenosed by 60 to 79%, and 53 ICAs had stenosis of less than 60%. Temporal hyperostosis precluded TCCS in 15 patients (15%). Anterior cerebral/communicating artery collaterals were detected in 40 patients (49%) and posterior cerebral/communicating artery collaterals were detected in 22 patients (27%). No patients with ICA stenosis of less than 80% had established collateral pathways. Patients with willisian collaterals showed higher postclamp MCAVs as a proportion of the preclamp value during CEA (72% [62-81]; median with 95% confidence interval) than did those without primary collaterals (46% [34-58], p = 0.02). TCCS allows noninvasive assessment of intracranial primary collaterals whose functional importance is recognized during abrupt hemodynamic challenge. It may determine which patients are at greatest risk of ischemia during cerebral revascularization.
Published: 1995

20. Arterial injury to an anomalous anterior tibial artery during total knee arthroplasty

Author: U. Sadat and M. E. Gaunt
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Microembolism and hemodynamic changes in the brain during carotid endarterectomy

Author: A.R. Naylor, J. L. Smith, M. E. Gaunt, P. J. Martin, and P. R. F. Bell
Subjects: Advanced and Specialized Nursing, medicine.medical_specialty, Endarterectomy, Carotid, business.industry, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemodynamics, Brain, Carotid endarterectomy, Cerebral Infarction, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Internal medicine, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Cardiology, Medicine, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Ultrasonography, Interventional
Published: 1994

22. Diagnosis of intracranial occlusive disease before carotid endarterectomy: preliminary experience with transcranial colour-flow Doppler ultrasonography

Author: A.R. Naylor, P. J. Martin, M. E. Gaunt, and P. R. F. Bell
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Cerebral arteries, Arterial Occlusive Diseases, Carotid endarterectomy, symbols.namesake, Reference Values, medicine, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Endarterectomy, Carotid, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Blood flow, Cerebral Arteries, Middle Aged, Transcranial Doppler, medicine.anatomical_structure, Angiography, symbols, Surgery, Radiology, business, Doppler effect, Blood Flow Velocity, Artery
Abstract: Transcranial colour-coded Doppler ultrasonography allows both imaging and simultaneous haemodynamic investigation of the basal cerebral arteries. Four of 16 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were found to have intracerebral artery stenotic disease by use of this technique. Discrete stenotic segments were recognized by their markedly raised blood flow velocities with damping of the spectral Doppler waveform distally. Colour-coded transcranial Doppler ultrasonography used in conjunction with extracranial duplex imaging might provide an effective and safe alternative to angiography.
Published: 1994

23. TCD velocities and arterial pressures in AVM feeder vessels

Author: P J, Martin and M E, Gaunt
Subjects: Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Humans, Blood Flow Velocity
Published: 1994

24. Managing transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke

Author: P. J. Martin, M E Gaunt, and P. R. F. Bell
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Ischaemic stroke, General Engineering, Cardiology, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Transient (computer programming), General Medicine, Letters, business, General Environmental Science
Published: 1992

25. Intraoperative change in baroreceptor function during carotid endarterectomy

Author: A.R. Naylor, D. Sigaudo-Roussel, David H. Evans, P. R. F. Bell, Ronney B. Panerai, M. E. Gaunt, and N. L. London
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Baroreceptor, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid sinus, Blood flow, Carotid endarterectomy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, Anesthesia, Heart rate, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, Surgery, business, Endarterectomy, Artery
Abstract: Background Labile blood pressure following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is common and is associated with perioperative myocardial infarction and intracranial haemorrhage. Previous studies have identified that alteration in carotid baroreceptor function is responsible for the blood pressure changes although the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the mechanism by which CEA affects baroreceptor function. Methods Fifty patients were recruited prospectively and underwent estimation of baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) during a 10-min period of supine bed rest using electrocardiography and Finapres, 2 days before and 2 days to 6 weeks after surgery. During surgery continuous measurements of blood pressure (intra-arterial) and heart rate were recorded on to digital audio tape for postoperative analysis. During analysis the operation was divided into different stages to identify at which stage baroreceptor function altered. Particular attention was paid to initial clamping of the carotid artery, performance of the endarterectomy and final restoration of blood flow. In addition the carotid sinus area was stimulated by stroking the inside of the artery before and after removal of the plaque. Autonomic activity was calculated using power spectral analysis of beat-to-beat blood pressure and the R–R interval from the electrocardiograph. BRS was estimated by calculation of the square root of the ratio of the powers of R–R interval and systolic blood pressure to give the alpha index which has been shown to correlate well with BRS calculated by means of standard pharmacological techniques. Results For this cohort of patients BRS was significantly reduced 2 days after surgery compared with the preoperative recordings (2·8(0·4) to 5·6(0·8)). Six weeks after operation BRS had improved but had not achieved preoperative levels (3·8(0·6) to 5·6(0·8)). During surgery, patients with good baroreceptor function identified before operation experienced a rise in blood pressure on initial carotid clamping indicating that dissection had not affected the baroreceptor mechanism. Similarly, intraluminal stimulation of the carotid sinus area with the plaque in situ produced a decrease in blood pressure indicating good baroreceptor function. After removal of the plaque, repeating the intraluminal stimulation did not produce a decrease in blood pressure indicating disruption of the baroreceptor mechanism. Conclusion Removal of the atheromatous plaque during CEA adversely affects carotid baroreceptor function. The baroreceptor mechanism is disrupted but not completely destroyed and gradually improves in the weeks following surgery.
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Gastric emptying procedures in the self-poisoned patient: are we forcing gastric content beyond the pylorus?

Author: S March, D N Quinton, J P Saetta, and M E Gaunt
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Vomiting, medicine.medical_treatment, Pellets, Gastroenterology, Gastric Content, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Ipecac, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Single-Blind Method, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Gastric Lavage, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Gastric emptying, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Pylorus, Gastric lavage, digestive system diseases, 030227 psychiatry, Barium sulfate, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Gastric Emptying, Female, medicine.symptom, Barium Sulfate, Drug Overdose, business, Research Article
Abstract: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was carried out to determine whether gastric content is forced into the small bowel when gastric-emptying procedures are employed in self-poisoned patients. They were asked to swallow barium-impregnated polythene pellets, immediately prior to either gastric lavage or ipecacuanha-induced emesis. A second group of patients, who did not require treatment, were used as controls. Sixty patients were recruited to the study. The data show a significant difference in the number of residual pellets in the small bowel of the treated group (n=40), when compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference in the number of pellets in the small bowel when the treated groups were compared with each other. In addition, the inefficiency of gastric-emptying procedures is highlighted; 58.5% of the total number of pellets ingested were retained in the gastrointestinal tract of the ipecacuanha-treated group, while 51.8% of total pellets ingested were retained in the gastric lavage-treated group.
Published: 1991

27. Transcranial Doppler detected cerebral microembolism following carotid endarterectomy

Author: A R Naylor, M. E. Gaunt, N Lennard, Prf Bell, and J.L. Smith
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid arteries, Endarterectomy, Carotid endarterectomy, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis, Transcranial Doppler, Clinical neurology, symbols.namesake, Carotid Arteries, Postoperative Complications, symbols, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Ultrasonography, business, Doppler effect
Published: 1998
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Vein patch rupture after carotid endarterectomy

Author: A.R. Naylor, J. R. Boyle, S. A. White, Matt M. Thompson, J. S. Budd, P. R. F. Bell, and M. E. Gaunt
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid endarterectomy, Long Saphenous Vein, Postoperative Complications, Vein patch, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Saphenous Vein, Vein, Medicine(all), Endarterectomy, Carotid, Rupture, Spontaneous, business.industry, Patch angioplasty, Angioplasty, Upper thigh, Middle Aged, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, cardiovascular system, Ankle, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Controversy continues to surround the use of patch angioplasty after carotid endarterectomy. Vein patch rupture is considered to be an uncommon occurrence with an incidence of 0.4-4% 1-3 related to the use of long saphenous vein harvested from the ankle. A recent publication has suggested this can be avoided by using long saphenous vein from the upper thigh. However this case confirms that there is still a risk of rupture even when vein patches are taken from the upper thigh long saphenous vein.
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Sources of air embolization during carotid surgery: The role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography

Author: M Adiseshiah, M E Gaunt, A R Naylor, R D Sayers, D A Ratliff, and P R F Bell
Subjects: Endarterectomy, Carotid, Embolism, Air, Humans, Surgery, Intraoperative Complications, Ultrasonography
Published: 1994
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Vein-patch rupture after carotid endarterectomy: An avoidable catastrophe

Author: M E Gaunt, M Thompson, S White, A R Naylor, and P R F Bell
Subjects: Surgery
Published: 1993
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Thromboembolic events after carotid endarterectomy are not prevented by aspirin, but are due to the platelet response to adenosine 5′-diphosphate

Author: A.R. Naylor, Samantha Tull, Alison H. Goodall, Helen Box, Prf Bell, Paul D. Hayes, and M. E. Gaunt
Subjects: Aspirin, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Fibrinogen binding, medicine.disease, Fibrinogen, Thrombosis, Transcranial Doppler, Thrombin, Anesthesia, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Surgery, Platelet, business, medicine.drug, Whole blood
Abstract: Background Aspirin therapy fails to prevent a number of postprocedural thrombotic events, yet it still remains the standard antiplatelet regimen in most vascular surgical centres. After carotid endarterectomy (CEA), thrombosis of the endarterectomized vessel is preceded by increasing numbers of microemboli that can be detected with transcranial Doppler (TCD). The number and rate of emboli is highly predictive of thrombotic stroke. It was hypothesized that a preoperative test of platelet function might identify the mechanism(s) underlying post-CEA thrombosis. Methods Blood was taken from 120 patients using a standardized phlebotomy technique. Platelet fibrinogen binding was measured by whole blood flow cytometry, in unstimulated samples, and in response to adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) (10−5−10−7 mol l−1) and thrombin (0·02–0·16 units ml−1). Platelet aggregation was measured using ADP (4–20 × 10−7 mol l−1). The ability of aspirin to inhibit platelets was assessed by the aggregation induced by arachidonic acid. For the first 3 h after operation, the number of emboli occurring was quantified using TCD. Results Of the 120 patients studied, 110 were monitored by TCD. These were divided into patients with more than 25 postoperative emboli (n = 22) and those with fewer than 25 emboli (n = 88). The degree of platelet inhibition induced by aspirin was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0·89). However, platelets from the group with high rates of embolization bound 58 per cent more fibrinogen on flow cytometry in response to stimulation with a physiological dose of ADP (10−7 mol l−1) (P = 0·006). Aggregation of platelets from this group was also increased in response to ADP (35 per cent) relative to the group with few emboli (P = 0·001). ADP also induced more rapid aggregation in the patients with more than 25 emboli (P = 0·04). There was no difference in the activity of resting platelets (P = 0·4) or platelets stimulated by thrombin (P = 0·43), between the two groups of patients. Conclusion These data suggest that it is the platelet response to ADP which is important in arterial thrombotic complications rather than products of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. This observation could have significant therapeutic implications for other vascular or interventional procedures in which the endothelium is disrupted.
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Vascular endoscopy: Useful tool or interesting toy

Author: A.R. Naylor, P. R. F. Bell, and M. E. Gaunt
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General surgery, medicine, Surgery, business, Endoscopy
Published: 1994
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Sources of air embolization during carotid surgery: The role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography

Author: M. E. Gaunt, R.D. Sayers, A.R. Naylor, P. R. F. Bell, and D. A. Ratliff
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Endarterectomy, Air embolism, Carotid surgery, medicine, Embolism, Air, Humans, Embolization, Intraoperative Complications, Aged, Ultrasonography, business.industry, Cerebral Arteries, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Embolism, Equipment Failure, Female, Surgery, Cerebral Arterial Diseases, Radiology, business
Published: 1993
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Preventing strokes associated with carotid endarterectomy: Detection of embolisation by transcranial doppler monitoring

Author: A.R. Naylor, P. R. F. Bell, and M. E. Gaunt
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, medicine.medical_treatment, Embolism, Fat, Carotid endarterectomy, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Internal medicine, medicine, Embolism, Air, Humans, Carotid Artery Thrombosis, Intraoperative Complications, Stroke, Endarterectomy, Medicine(all), Endarterectomy, Carotid, business.industry, Perioperative, medicine.disease, Transcranial Doppler, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Cerebral blood flow, Embolism, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Intraoperative embolisation has been estimated as the cause of perioperative stroke in up to 80% of carotid endarterectomies (CEA), while reduced cerebral blood flow is responsible for less than 20%. 1 Monitoring or quality control methods which are unable to detect embolisation are unlikely to reduce perioperative mortality and morbidity associated with CEA. Because the majority of monitoring methods are used primarily to detect haemodynamic abnormalities, this may be one reason Why no study has convincingly established the clinical advantage for perioperative monitoring and why a significant number of surgeons performing CEA do not employ this strategy. 2 For any monitoring method to have an impact on perioperative morbidity/ mortality it must detect the majority of abnormalities while there is still time to correct the defect and prevent permanent damage. There is accumulating, evidence that transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring can not only detect embolisation, but also that it can identify clinically significant patterns of embolisation early enough to permit therapeutic intervention to prevent stroke. 3 Even surgeons with low perioperative stroke rates have a du ty to ensure that small numbers of preventable strokes are eliminated. The evidence emerging from studies of the perioperative use of TCD may be making the argument that there is no clinical advantage in monitoring more difficult to sustain. The introduction of transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring of the middle cerebra ! artery (MCA) during CEA enabled emboli to be detected directly for the first time, whilst simultaneously providing haemodynamic data on the adequacy of cerebral blood supply. 4 Emboli
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Cardioprotection by remote ischaemic preconditioning.

Author: S. R. Walsh, T. Tang, U. Sadat, D. P. Dutka, and M. E. Gaunt
Subjects: *MYOCARDIAL infarction, *MORTALITY, *SURGICAL complications, *ANESTHESIA complications
Abstract: Perioperative myocardial infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after major non-cardiac surgery. Pharmacological agents such as beta-blockers may reduce the risk but are associated with side-effects and may be contra-indicated in some patients. Basic scientific experiments and preliminary clinical trials in humans suggest that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), where brief ischaemia in one tissue confers resistance to subsequent sustained ischaemic insults in another tissue, may provide a simple, cost-effective means of reducing the risk of perioperative myocardial ischaemia. The Medline and Pubmed databases were searched for articles concerning RIPC. The mechanism may be humoral, neural, or a combination of both, and involves adenosine, opioids, bradykinins, protein kinase C, and K-ATP channels, although the precise end-effector remains unclear. Small randomized trials in humans undergoing major surgery suggest that RIPC induced by brief lower limb ischaemia significantly reduces myocardial injury. It may also reduce other ischaemic complications of surgery and anaesthesia. Small studies provide some evidence that RIPC could reduce myocardial injury and other ischaemic complications of surgery. However, large-scale clinical trials to assess the effect of RIPC on mortality and morbidity are required before RIPC can be recommended for routine clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources

Refine your results

35 results on '"M. E. Gaunt"'

1. Time for reassessment of remote ischaemic preconditioning

2. Deterioration in carotid baroreflex during carotid endarterectomy

3. A Policy of Quality Control Assessment Helps to Reduce the Risk of Intraoperative Stroke During Carotid Endarterectomy

4. The effect of perioperative embolisation on visual function in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy

5. Experience with transcranial Doppler monitoring reduces the incidence of particulate embolization during carotid endarterectomy

6. A comparison of quality control methods applied to carotid endarterectomy

7. Unstable carotid plaques: Preoperative identification and association with intraoperative embolisation detected by transcranial doppler

8. Interpretation of Embolic Phenomena During Carotid Endarterectomy

9. Extracranial and Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography Reduce the Need for Angiography Prior to Carotid Endarterectomy

10. Diagnosis of Internal Carotid Pseudo-occlusion by Use of Color-Coded Duplex Scanning

11. Clinical relevance of intraoperative embolization detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during carotid endarterectomy: A prospective study of 100 patients

12. On-table diagnosis of incipient carotid artery thrombosis during carotid endarterectomy by transcranial Doppler scanning

13. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

14. Intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations: Transcranial colour-coded sonography as a diagnostic aid

15. Doppler-guided intra-operative fluid management during major abdominal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis

16. Perioperative fluid management: prospective audit

17. Deterioration in carotid baroreflex during carotid endarterectomy

18. Reducing the risk of carotid surgery: a 7-year audit of the role of monitoring and quality control assessment

19. Assessment of intracranial primary collaterals using transcranial color-coded real-time sonography

20. Arterial injury to an anomalous anterior tibial artery during total knee arthroplasty

21. Microembolism and hemodynamic changes in the brain during carotid endarterectomy

22. Diagnosis of intracranial occlusive disease before carotid endarterectomy: preliminary experience with transcranial colour-flow Doppler ultrasonography

23. TCD velocities and arterial pressures in AVM feeder vessels

24. Managing transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke

25. Intraoperative change in baroreceptor function during carotid endarterectomy

26. Gastric emptying procedures in the self-poisoned patient: are we forcing gastric content beyond the pylorus?

27. Transcranial Doppler detected cerebral microembolism following carotid endarterectomy

28. Vein patch rupture after carotid endarterectomy

29. Sources of air embolization during carotid surgery: The role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography

30. Vein-patch rupture after carotid endarterectomy: An avoidable catastrophe

31. Thromboembolic events after carotid endarterectomy are not prevented by aspirin, but are due to the platelet response to adenosine 5′-diphosphate

32. Vascular endoscopy: Useful tool or interesting toy

33. Sources of air embolization during carotid surgery: The role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography

34. Preventing strokes associated with carotid endarterectomy: Detection of embolisation by transcranial doppler monitoring

35. Cardioprotection by remote ischaemic preconditioning.

Catalog

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

35 results on '"M. E. Gaunt"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources