193 results on '"M. Dören"'
Search Results
2. Dealing with the complications of HRT management
- Author
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M. Dören
- Subjects
business.industry ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2020
3. Impact of wind profiles on ground-generation airborne wind energy system performance
- Author
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M. Sommerfeld, M. Dörenkämper, J. De Schutter, and C. Crawford
- Subjects
Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
This study investigates the performance of pumping-mode ground-generation airborne wind energy systems (AWESs) by determining cyclical, feasible, power-optimal flight trajectories based on realistic vertical wind velocity profiles. These 10 min profiles, derived from mesoscale weather simulations at an offshore and an onshore site in Europe, are incorporated into an optimal control model that maximizes average cycle power by optimizing the trajectory. To reduce the computational cost, representative wind conditions are determined based on k-means clustering. The results describe the influence of wind speed magnitude and profile shape on the power, tether tension, tether reeling speed, and kite trajectory during a pumping cycle. The effect of mesoscale-simulated wind profiles on power curves is illustrated by comparing them to logarithmic wind profiles. Offshore, the results are in good agreement, while onshore power curves differ due to more frequent non-monotonic wind conditions. Results are references against a simplified quasi-steady-state model and wind turbine model. This study investigates how power curves based on mesoscale-simulated wind profiles are affected by the choice of reference height. Our data show that optimal operating heights are generally below 400 m with most AWESs operating at around 200 m.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. An investigation of spatial wind direction variability and its consideration in engineering models
- Author
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A. von Brandis, G. Centurelli, J. Schmidt, L. Vollmer, B. Djath, and M. Dörenkämper
- Subjects
Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
We propose that considering mesoscale wind direction changes in the computation of wind farm cluster wakes could reduce the uncertainty of engineering wake modeling tools. The relevance of mesoscale wind direction changes is investigated using a wind climatology of the German Bight area covering 30 years, derived from the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA). Furthermore, we present a new solution for engineering modeling tools that accounts for the effect of such changes on the propagation of cluster wakes. The mesoscale wind direction changes relevant to the operation of wind farm clusters in the German Bight are found to exceed 11∘ in 50 % of all cases. Particularly in the lower partial load range, which is associated with strong wake formation, the wind direction changes are the most pronounced, with quartiles reaching up to 20∘. Especially on a horizontal scale of several tens of kilometers to 100 km, wind direction changes are relevant. Both the temporal and spatial scales at which large wind direction changes occur depend on the presence of synoptic pressure systems. Furthermore, atmospheric conditions which promote far-reaching wakes were found to align with a strong turning in 14.6 % of the cases. In order to capture these mesoscale wind direction changes in engineering model tools, a wake propagation model was implemented in the Fraunhofer IWES wind farm and wake modeling software flappy (Farm Layout Program in Python). The propagation model derives streamlines from the horizontal velocity field and forces the single turbine wakes along these streamlines. This model has been qualitatively evaluated by simulating the flow around wind farm clusters in the German Bight with data from the mesoscale atlas of the NEWA and comparing the results to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements for selected situations. The comparison reveals that the flow patterns are in good agreement if the underlying mesoscale data capture the velocity field well. For such cases, the new model provides an improvement compared to the baseline approach of engineering models, which assumes a straight-line propagation of wakes. The streamline and the baseline models have been further compared in terms of their quantitative effect on the energy yield. Simulating two neighboring wind farm clusters over a time period of 10 years, it is found that there are no significant differences across the models when computing the total energy yield of both clusters. However, extracting the wake effect of one cluster on the other, the two models show a difference of about 1 %. Even greater differences are commonly observed when comparing single situations. Therefore, we claim that the model has the potential to reduce uncertainty in applications such as site assessment and short-term power forecasting.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Scaling effects of fixed-wing ground-generation airborne wind energy systems
- Author
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M. Sommerfeld, M. Dörenkämper, J. De Schutter, and C. Crawford
- Subjects
Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
While some airborne wind energy system (AWES) companies aim at small, temporary or remote off-grid markets, others aim at utility-scale, multi-megawatt integration into the electricity grid. This study investigates the scaling effects of single-wing, ground-generation AWESs from small- to utility-scale systems, subject to realistic 10 min, onshore and offshore wind conditions derived from a numerical mesoscale Weather Research And Forecasting (WRF) model. To reduce computational cost, vertical wind velocity profiles are grouped into 10 clusters using k-means clustering. Three representative profiles from each cluster are implemented into a nonlinear AWES optimal control model to determine power-optimal trajectories. We compare the effects of three different aircraft masses and two sets of nonlinear aerodynamic coefficients for aircraft with wing areas ranging from 10 to 150 m2 on operating parameters and flight trajectories. We predict size- and mass-dependent AWES power curves, annual energy production (AEP) and capacity factors (cf) and compare them to a quasi-steady-state reference model. Instantaneous force, tether-reeling speed and power fluctuations as well as power losses associated with tether drag and system mass are quantified.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Offshore wind farm cluster wakes as observed by long-range-scanning wind lidar measurements and mesoscale modeling
- Author
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B. Cañadillas, M. Beckenbauer, J. J. Trujillo, M. Dörenkämper, R. Foreman, T. Neumann, and A. Lampert
- Subjects
Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
As part of the ongoing X-Wakes research project, a 5-month wake-measurement campaign was conducted using a scanning lidar installed amongst a cluster of offshore wind farms in the German Bight. The main objectives of this study are (1) to demonstrate the performance of such a system and thus quantify cluster wake effects reliably and (2) to obtain experimental data to validate the cluster wake effect simulated by the flow models involved in the project. Due to the lack of free wind flow for the wake flow directions, wind speeds obtained from a mesoscale model (without any wind farm parameterization) for the same time period were used as a reference to estimate the wind speed deficit caused by the wind farm wakes under different wind directions and atmospheric stabilities. For wind farm waked wind directions, the lidar data show that the wind speed is reduced up to 30 % at a wind speed of about 10 m s−1, depending on atmospheric stability and distance to the wind farm. For illustrating the spatial extent of cluster wakes, an airborne dataset obtained during the scanning wind lidar campaign is used and compared with the mesoscale model with wind farm parameterization and the scanning lidar. A comparison with the results of the model with a wind farm parameterization and the scanning lidar data reveals a relatively good agreement in neutral and unstable conditions (within about 2 % for the wind speed), whereas in stable conditions the largest discrepancies between the model and measurements are found. The comparative multi-sensor and model approach proves to be an efficient way to analyze the complex flow situation in a modern offshore wind cluster, where phenomena at different length scales and timescales need to be addressed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Menopausale Beschwerden und ihre Behandlung
- Author
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M.J. Beckermann and M. Dören
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Estrogen therapy ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Die einzigen in epidemiologischen Studien konsistent von Frauen angegebenen Korperempfindungen in den Wechseljahren sind Hitzewallungen und Schweisausbruche sowie Scheidentrockenheit. Eine ganze Reihe weiterer somatischer und psychischer Beschwerden werden von Frauen in der Lebensmitte angegeben, konnen aber aufgrund der Studienlage nicht als „typische“ Beschwerden in den Wechseljahren aufgefasst werden. Wunschen Frauen eine Behandlung vasomotorischer Beschwerden, stehen ihnen mit einer Ostrogentherapie bzw. einer Ostrogen-Gestagen-Kombinationstherapie effektive Behandlungsmoglichkeiten zur Verfugung. Uber die Varianz der Verlaufe und uber Spontanschwankungen von vasomotorischen Beschwerden gibt es wenig gesicherte Erkenntnisse.
- Published
- 2010
8. Important risk factors of common diseases in women at midlife and beyond
- Author
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S. Schwarz and M. Dören
- Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
Hintergrund Evidenzbasierte, allgemeinverstandliche Gesundheitsinformationen werden als essentiell zur Verminderung der Krankheitslast in der 2. Lebenshalfte angesehen. Wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse uber modifizierbare Risikofaktoren fur chronische Krankheiten wie Herz-Kreislauf- und Krebserkrankungen, die zahlenmasig am bedeutsamsten sind, sind verfugbar.
- Published
- 2007
9. Consensus Recommendation on Hormone Therapy During the Climacterium and Postmeopause
- Author
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I. Nass-Griegoleit, E. Windier, F. Geisthövel, Ludwig Kiesel, G. Emons, M. Dören, K. König, T. Rabe, Olaf Ortmann, M. W. Beckmann, C. Brucker, and W. Braendle
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Maternity and Midwifery ,medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Hormone replacement therapy ,business - Published
- 2004
10. Hormontherapie im Klimakterium
- Author
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M Dören
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Osteoporosis ,Uterus ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Endometrial hyperplasia ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,Medroxyprogesterone acetate ,Sex organ ,Hormone therapy ,business ,Climacteric ,Stroke ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The menopausal transition is a natural phase of every womans life. Several symptoms emerging during the climacteric may be treated with estrogens. Hot flushes and symptoms of genital ageing may be relieved by estrogen therapy. Progestin therapy is indicated in all women with an intact uterus to avoid endometrial pathology. Given the present risk-benefit scenario, estrogen therapy is no longer a first-line choice to prevent osteoporosis. Counselling requires integration of recent knowledge provided by the first results of the Womens Health Initiative and other significant randomized, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical studies with clinically relevant outcomes, not the least unless good-quality data regarding other estrogens and progestins, apart from conjugated equine estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate are lacking. Women should be enabled to decide upon estrogen therapy after provision of extensive information by their physicians.
- Published
- 2004
11. Konsensusempfehlungen zur Hormontherapie (HT) im Klimakterium und in der Postmenopause
- Author
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W. Braendle, G. Emons, Ludwig Kiesel, F. Geisthövel, C. Brucker, I. Naß-Griegoleit, T. Rabe, Eberhard Windler, M. W. Beckmann, K. König, Olaf Ortmann, and M. Dören
- Subjects
business.industry ,Maternity and Midwifery ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2003
12. Gegen Herzrasen und Hitzewallung?
- Author
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M. Dören
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Study quality ,Traditional medicine ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Medicine ,Phytoestrogens ,Placebo ,business - Published
- 2011
13. The impact of the route of administration
- Author
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M. Dören
- Subjects
Route of administration ,Endocrinology ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Hormone replacement therapy ,Pharmacology ,business - Published
- 2001
14. Management of hormone replacement therapy and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in women with systemic hepatic, renal, or bone disease
- Author
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M. Dören
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,business - Abstract
Das Management irregularer Blutungen unter sequentieller Ostrogen-Gestagen-Substitutionstherapie ist eines der haufigsten Probleme in der Behandlung postmenopausaler Frauen, die eine Hormonsubstitution durchfuhren. Zahlreiche Kombinationen von oralen und oder transdermalen Ostrogenen und Gestagenen sind in den letzten Jahren entwickelt worden, die in den entsprechenden klinischen Studien bei der grosen Mehrzahl der Patientinnen eine regelhafte Entzugsblutung bewirken. Alternativen stellen die sog. kombiniert kontinuierliche Substitution (fixe tagliche Dosis eines Ostrogens und eines Gestagens) und synthetische Gestagene wie Tibolon (androgene und schwach ostrogene Partialwirkungen) dar. Die Entwicklung von Formen der Hormonsubstitution, die eine langanhaltende und moglichst permanente Amenorrho herbeifuhren, bleibt dennoch eine derzeit ungeloste Aufgabe. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Grundzuge in der hormonellen Behandlung bei postmenopausalen Blutungen ohne erkennbare uterine Ursache – die haufigste Situation – und bei Existenz von Myomen. Weiterhin werden ausgewahlte systemische Erkrankungen, die mit Einschrankung der Leber- oder Nierenfunktion einhergehen, sowie bestimmte Knochenstoffwechselerkrankungen in diesem Zusammenhang diskutiert. Auch selektive ...strogenrezeptormodulatoren (SERMs) wie Tamoxifen und Raloxifen konnen in unterschiedlichem Ausmas Blutungen verursachen; deren Bedeutung fur das klinische Management wird ebenfalls aufgezeigt.
- Published
- 2000
15. The endometrium in breast cancer patients on tamoxifen
- Author
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Tom Bourne, M Dören, S Granberg, G Rudenstam, Pär Hellberg, W Rydh, D Schmidt, G Dallenbach-Hellweg, and E Kreuzwieser
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ,Biopsy ,Mixed Tumor, Mullerian ,Breast Neoplasms ,Endometrium ,Polyps ,Breast cancer ,Carcinosarcoma ,Metaplasia ,medicine ,Humans ,Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Gynecology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Hyperplasia ,medicine.disease ,Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ,Immunohistochemistry ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,Tamoxifen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Clear cell ,Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ,medicine.drug ,Endometrial biopsy - Abstract
We restudied histologically and immunohistochemically 17 endometrial carcinomas, 2 malignant mixed tumors and 180 endometria with benign changes during or after tamoxifen therapy. The carcinomas were subtyped according to the 1994 WHO-classification. Endometrial biopsies were taken only if the endometrial thickness was > 8 mm sonographically, when a polyp was seen, or for postmenopausal bleeding. About half of the endometrial specimens showed simple or cystic atrophy, 55–76% had cystic-atrophic polyps or regressive hyperplasia. Depending upon the dose of tamoxifen, 7–19% (30 mg) to 27– 36% (20 mg) showed moderate glandular proliferation. 20–33% had foci of mucinous, clear cell or serous-papillary metaplasia. 68–70% revealed diffuse extensive fibrosis of the endometrial stroma. None of 11 patients biopsied before starting tamoxifen therapy had advanced endometrial glandular proliferation in the second endometrial biopsy after tamoxifen treatment. None of the 19 endometrial neoplasms after tamoxifen therapy was of the endometrioid type: 11 were mucinous adenocarcinomas, 4 clear cell carcinomas, 2 serous-papillary carcinomas, one carcinosarcoma and one malignant Mullerian mixed tumor. The reasons for discrepancies between suspicious sonograms and endometrial atrophy are discussed.
- Published
- 2000
16. Sonographische Diagnose einer ektopen interstitiellen Gravidität
- Author
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B. Karbowski, M. Dören, H. P. G. Schneider, J. Bordt, and J. P. Hanker
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Left oviduct ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Ectopic pregnancy ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Interstitial pregnancy ,medicine.disease ,business - Abstract
Vorgestellt wird ein Fall einer interstitiellen Extrauteringraviditat (EUG) im intramuralen Anteil des linken Eileiters nach vorangegangener ipsilateralen Adnektomie. Die sonographische Diagnose wurde durch den Operationssitus bestatigt. The authors present a case of an interstitial extrauterine pregnancy in the intramural portion of the left oviduct after preceding ipsilateral adnectomy. Sonographic diagnosis was confirmed by the site at Operation.
- Published
- 2008
17. Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetric Management of Larsen’s Syndrome in a Patient with an Unrecognized Family History of the Disease
- Author
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Wolfgang Holzgreve, M. Dören, and Helga Rehder
- Subjects
Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Joint Dislocations ,Gestational Age ,Physical examination ,Prenatal diagnosis ,Abortion ,Ultrasonography, Prenatal ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Diagnosis ,medicine ,Humans ,Larsen syndrome ,Family history ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Gestational age ,Abortion, Induced ,Syndrome ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Radiography ,body regions ,Fetal Diseases ,Reproductive Medicine ,Female ,Joint Diseases ,Differential diagnosis ,business - Abstract
We report the third case of a prenatal diagnosis of Larsen’s syndrome, which is the first report affecting both a 37-year-old primiparous caucasian woman and her fetus not considered to have Larsen’s syndrome until the finding of bilateral clubfeet was demonstrated on screening ultrasound at 23 weeks of gestation. History and physical examination of the pregnant woman revealed severe impairment in the mobility of hip, elbow and knee joints starting in early childhood. Additional findings were spatulate thumbs and a flat nasal bridge. The mother of the pregnant woman demonstrated similar joint symptoms. The differential diagnosis of Larsen’s syndrome was considered for the first time in both women. The patient wished to terminate her pregnancy, as the potential early onset of the same disorder was suggested by the finding of clubfeet. An intraamniotic instillation of ethacridinic acid was performed. On pathological examination including radiography of the male stillborn, various anomalies of the face, and upper and lower extremities were demonstrated compatible with Larsen’s syndrome.
- Published
- 1998
18. Uterine perfusion and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal. women on long-term continuous combined estrogen and progestogen replacement
- Author
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B. Süselbeck, M. Dören, Wolfgang Holzgreve, and Hermann P.G. Schneider
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Progestogen ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ultrasound ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Estriol ,General Medicine ,Blood flow ,Endometrium ,medicine.disease ,Norethisterone acetate ,Menopause ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Reproductive Medicine ,Estrogen ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We assessed the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (Pi), peak and average systolic velocities in uterine, arcuate and radial arteries, and endometrial thickness (ET) by transvaginal B mode and color Doppler sonography in patients on continuous combined hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and controls. HRT consisted of 2 mg estradiol, 1 mg estriol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate daily (n = 33) compared to controls, who received none of these (n = 21). Age was 61 ± 6 and 59 ± 9 years (mean ± standard deviation) in the HRT and control groups, respectively. The duration of HRT was 5 ± 2 years, with a minimum of 1 year. We found that the uterine RI and, to a lesser extent, the uterine PI were significantly lower and the radial peak systolic velocities were significantly higher in the HRT group compared to controls. The highest uterine PI values were measured in controls with the shortest life-time exposure to endogenous estrogens, i.e. late menarcheal age or early menopause. The endometrial thickness of 2.8 ± 1.8 mm in the HRT group was not significantly different from that in the controls (4.2 ± 5.6 mm). In conclusion, the alteration in blood flow parameters demonstrated in this study would suggest that the long-term use of continuous oral estradio12 mg, estriol 1 mg and norethisterone acetate 1 mg daily is associated with a slight increase of flow in the uterine arteries compared to controls matched for (postmenopausal) age. Endometrial thickness does not increase with duration of use of continuous combined HRT. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Published
- 1997
19. Long-term compliance of continuous combined estrogen and progestogen replacement in postmenopausal women
- Author
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M. Dören and Hermann P.G. Schneider
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Norethisterone ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Urology ,Levonorgestrel ,Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ,Drug Administration Schedule ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Menstrual Cycle ,Aged ,Climacteric ,Gynecology ,Estradiol ,Progestogen ,Estriol ,business.industry ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Metrorrhagia ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Long-Term Care ,Norethisterone acetate ,Discontinuation ,Menopause ,Norethindrone Acetate ,Estrogen ,Patient Compliance ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Norethindrone ,Progestins ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The occurrence of uterine bleeding usually associated with hormonal replacement therapy is not acceptable for many women. Our objective was to review data on compliance and bleeding patterns in 70 postmenopausal women on oral replacement with estradiol 2 mg, estriol 1 mg, and norethisterone acetate 1 mg daily administered in a continuous combined fashion to avoid withdrawal bleeding. After 1 year, compliance was 97%, after 5 and 9 years 76% and 58%. The most common reason for discontinuation was spotting. Reproductive history, body weight and pretreatment estradiol and FSH concentrations were not different between the subgroups with bleeding — 19% — and without bleeding — 81%. The probability to maintain amenorrhoe on HRT did not increase with the length of the postmenopausal interval or weight. Endometrial histology revealed one case of a highly differentiated in situ adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. In the women with bleeding, induced serum estradiol levels were significantly higher and pretreatment SHBG-levels lower compared to the non-bleeders. Whether these findings may be significant for election of patients for continuous combined HRT remains to be determined. In conclusion, we demonstrate that adherence to this treatment regimen apparently provides a choice patients considering long-term HRT should be informed about. However, the lack of parameters to elect patients in conjunction with the problem of uterine bleeding does not permit the recommendation to regard continuous combined HRT as first line therapy for long-term HRT. Criteria need to be developed when to obtain an endometrial histology once uterine bleeding occurs, as the optimal surveillance of this mode of HRT is presently unknown.
- Published
- 1996
20. Aussagefähigkeit und Interpretation der bildgebenden Osteodensitometrie am Beispiel der quantitativen CT
- Author
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M. Dören, P. E. Peters, and Reuther G
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Osteomalacia ,Axial skeleton ,Bone density ,Bone disease ,business.industry ,Osteoporosis ,medicine.disease ,Osteopenia ,Trabecular bone ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Densitometry - Abstract
Quantitative CT of the axial skeleton (aQCT) may serve as an example of the evaluation and interpretation of bone densitometric data as it is the only state-of-the-art technique with valid longitudinal observations. The value of bone density measurements in interindividual cross sections refers to a grading derived from a representative reference population and provides an evaluation of fracture risk. The presence and rate of any bone loss can only be evaluated in an intraindividual longitudinal follow-up. Adequate follow-up for trabecular bone requires at least 3 to 5 years intervals to discriminate between different loss rates. Bone losses induced by steroid therapy or immobilisation may have faster kinetics apparent within months; bone density increase due to hormone substitution may be significant after one to two years. Morphological data allow critical evaluation of the quantitative measurements, eliminating false values and differentiating between rarefying and destructive osteopenia.
- Published
- 1994
21. Prevention of osteoporosis and reproductive history
- Author
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M. Dören and Hermann P.G. Schneider
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone disease ,medicine.drug_class ,Osteoporosis ,Bone Density ,Risk Factors ,Oral administration ,medicine ,Humans ,Reproductive history ,Risk factor ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Reproduction ,Age Factors ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Reproductive Medicine ,Estrogen ,Female ,business ,Contraceptives, Oral - Published
- 1993
22. Morphologische Analyse der Wirbelkörperspongiosa in der quantitativen CT
- Author
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Montag M, Reuther G, M. Dören, and P. E. Peters
- Subjects
business.industry ,Osteoporosis ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Predictive value ,Vertebra ,Therapy response ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,sense organs ,business ,Cancellous bone ,Normal range - Abstract
The diagnostic ranking of trabecular morphology for the evaluation of osteoporosis in quantitative CT (QCT) is presented. 5 patterns of cancellous bone correlating with trabecular density may be discerned. However, these patterns may indicate osteoporotic changes in particular cases only, by confluent rarefactions if the density is still within the normal range. There is neither a predictive value for the degree of spontaneous or therapy-induced bone loss, nor for therapy response. The trabecular appearances remain unchanged in short term even under strong quantitative changes and are therefore of no value for follow-up.
- Published
- 1992
23. Understanding and mitigating the impact of data gaps on offshore wind resource estimates
- Author
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J. Gottschall and M. Dörenkämper
- Subjects
Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Like almost all measurement datasets, wind energy siting data are subject to data gaps that can for instance originate from a failure of the measurement devices or data loggers. This is in particular true for offshore wind energy sites where the harsh climate can restrict the accessibility of the measurement platform, which can also lead to much longer gaps than onshore. In this study, we investigate the impact of data gaps, in terms of a bias in the estimation of siting parameters and its mitigation by correlation and filling with mesoscale model data. Investigations are performed for three offshore sites in Europe, considering 2 years of parallel measurement data at the sites, and based on typical wind energy siting statistics. We find a mitigation of the data gaps' impact, i.e. a reduction of the observed biases, by a factor of 10 on mean wind speed, direction and Weibull scale parameter and a factor of 3 on Weibull shape parameter. With increasing gap length, the gaps' impact increases linearly for the overall measurement period while this behaviour is more complex when investigated in terms of seasons. This considerable reduction of the impact of the gaps found for the statistics of the measurement time series almost vanishes when considering long-term corrected data, for which we refer to 30 years of reanalysis data.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Offshore wind farm global blockage measured with scanning lidar
- Author
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J. Schneemann, F. Theuer, A. Rott, M. Dörenkämper, and M. Kühn
- Subjects
Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
The objective of this paper was the experimental investigation of the accumulated induction effect of a large offshore wind farm as a whole, i.e. the global-blockage effect, in relation to atmospheric-stability estimates and wind farm operational states. We measured the inflow of a 400 MW offshore wind farm in the German North Sea with a scanning long-range Doppler wind lidar. A methodology to reduce the statistical variability of different lidar scans at comparable measurement conditions was introduced, and an extensive uncertainty assessment of the averaged wind fields was performed to be able to identify the global-blockage effect, which is small compared to e.g. wind turbine wake effects and ambient variations in the inflow. Our results showed a 4 % decrease in wind speed (accuracy range of 2 % to 6 %) at transition piece height (24.6 m) upwind of the wind farm with the turbines operating at high thrust coefficients above 0.8 in a stably stratified atmosphere, which we interpreted as global blockage. In contrast, at unstable stratification and similar operating conditions and for situations with low thrust coefficients (i.e. approx. 0 for not operating turbines and ≤ 0.3 for turbines operating far above rated wind speed) we identified no wind speed deficit. We discussed the significance of our measurements and possible sources of error in long-range scanning lidar campaigns and give recommendations on how to measure small flow effects like global blockage with scanning Doppler lidar. In conclusion, we provide strong evidence for the existence of global blockage in large offshore wind farms in stable stratification and the turbines operating at a high thrust coefficient by planar lidar wind field measurements. We further conclude that global blockage is dependent on atmospheric stratification.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Brustkrebsrisiko und menopausale Hormontherapue: Eine Meta-Analyse von epidemiologischen Studien und randomisierten klinischen Studien 1989–2004
- Author
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E. M. Greiser, M. Dören, and C. M. Greiser
- Subjects
Maternity and Midwifery ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2006
26. Osteoporose-Prävalenz und assoziierte Versorgungsmuster bei Frauen im Alter ab 45 Jahren in Deutschland
- Author
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R. Beitz, Christa Scheidt-Nave, M. Dören, and A. Starker
- Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2005
27. [Postmenopausal hormone therapy]
- Author
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M, Dören
- Subjects
Contraindications ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Breast Neoplasms ,Coronary Disease ,Female Urogenital Diseases ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,Stroke ,Risk Factors ,Thromboembolism ,Endometrial Hyperplasia ,Hot Flashes ,Humans ,Female ,Cognition Disorders ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - Abstract
The menopausal transition is a natural phase of every womańs life. Several symptoms emerging during the climacteric may be treated with estrogens. Hot flushes and symptoms of genital ageing may be relieved by estrogen therapy. Progestin therapy is indicated in all women with an intact uterus to avoid endometrial pathology. Given the present risk-benefit scenario, estrogen therapy is no longer a first-line choice to prevent osteoporosis. Counselling requires integration of recent knowledge provided by the first results of the Womeńs Health Initiative and other significant randomized, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical studies with clinically relevant outcomes, not the least unless good-quality data regarding other estrogens and progestins, apart from conjugated equine estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate are lacking. Women should be enabled to decide upon estrogen therapy after provision of extensive information by their physicians.
- Published
- 2004
28. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of a vein of Galen aneurysm: relevance of associated malformations for timing and mode of delivery
- Author
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M. Dören, S. Tercanli, and Wolfgang Holzgreve
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Arteriovenous fistula ,Prenatal diagnosis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Hematoma ,Aneurysm ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,Obstetrics and gynaecology ,cardiovascular system ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,Embolization ,Differential diagnosis ,business ,Vein - Abstract
The term ‘aneurysm of the vein of Galen’ encompasses a range of different midline arteriovenous fistula malformations. Prenatal real-time and Doppler sonography can contribute to the differential diagnosis of fetal cerebral cystic lesions of various origins, pineal and choroid tumors, and in tracerebral hematoma. Regardless of the type of treatment, perinatal morbidity and mortality are high, often due to cardiac failure. A case of spontaneous delivery at 36 weeks of gestation by a 30-year-old woman presenting with a fetal aneurysm of the vein of Galen is described. As the extrauterine cardiac function was normal and a steal phenomenon was not present, expectant management was justified. Five arterial embolizations within the following 4 years were performed as a means of treating the primary lesion. Our case illustrates the fact that elective spontaneous vaginal delivery followed by serial embolization is possible in cases of arteriovenous fistula malformation without signs of cardiac insufficiency. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Published
- 1995
29. Critical appraisal of effects of estrogen replacement therapy on symptoms of depressed mood
- Author
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G Stoppe and M Dören
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Endpoint Determination ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physiology ,Affect (psychology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Estradiol ,business.industry ,Depression ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Menopause ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Affect ,Mood ,Endocrinology ,Estrogen ,Antidepressant ,Female ,Hormone therapy ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Hormone - Abstract
That estrogen plays a role in the regulation of mood has been postulated since extracts of animal ovarian tissue were administered to oophorectomized women at the end of the last century to alleviate psychological symptoms thought to be related to the removal of the ovaries. The occurrence of depressive symptoms in the perimenopause is associated with a variety of factors. A previous history of either depression and/or premenstrual syndrome as well as cognitive factors explain most of the variance. There are no consistent findings of a correlation between any serum hormone level and severity or presence of mood symptoms. Neurobiological studies show, with regard to an antidepressant effect, promising effects of estradiol on serotonergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic functions. Progestogens seem to oppose some of these effects. The role of adrenergic hormones and DHEA(S) is less clear. Most clinical trials showed a modest effect on symptoms of depression. However, the predominantly poor methodological quality does not allow generalisation and recommendations. A "tonic" effect on well-being in non- or mild depressed women should not be regarded as true antidepressant effect. Results yielded in studies of surgically menopausal women may not be applicable to women with natural menopause. There is a great potential for exploring various types, doses, and routes of administration of both antidepressants and sex hormones. With regard to the domino theory, future studies should also focus on the mediation of treatment effects through alleviation of vasomotor symptoms or sleep quality.
- Published
- 2003
30. The Making of the New European Wind Atlas – Part 2: Production and evaluation
- Author
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M. Dörenkämper, B. T. Olsen, B. Witha, A. N. Hahmann, N. N. Davis, J. Barcons, Y. Ezber, E. García-Bustamante, J. F. González-Rouco, J. Navarro, M. Sastre-Marugán, T. Sīle, W. Trei, M. Žagar, J. Badger, J. Gottschall, J. Sanz Rodrigo, and J. Mann
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
This is the second of two papers that document the creation of the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA). In Part 1, we described the sensitivity experiments and accompanying evaluation done to arrive at the final mesoscale model setup used to produce the mesoscale wind atlas. In this paper, Part 2, we document how we made the final wind atlas product, covering both the production of the mesoscale climatology generated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the microscale climatology generated with the Wind Atlas Analysis and Applications Program (WAsP). The paper includes a detailed description of the technical and practical aspects that went into running the mesoscale simulations and the downscaling using WAsP. We show the main results from the final wind atlas and present a comprehensive evaluation of each component of the NEWA model chain using observations from a large set of tall masts located all over Europe. The added value of the WRF and WAsP downscaling of wind climatologies is evaluated relative to the performance of the driving ERA5 reanalysis and shows that the WRF downscaling reduces the mean wind speed bias and spread relative to that of ERA5 from -1.50±1.30 to 0.02±0.78 m s−1. The WAsP downscaling has an added positive impact relative to that of the WRF model in simple terrain. In complex terrain, where the assumptions of the linearized flow model break down, both the mean bias and spread in wind speed are worse than those from the raw mesoscale results.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The making of the New European Wind Atlas – Part 1: Model sensitivity
- Author
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A. N. Hahmann, T. Sīle, B. Witha, N. N. Davis, M. Dörenkämper, Y. Ezber, E. García-Bustamante, J. F. González-Rouco, J. Navarro, B. T. Olsen, and S. Söderberg
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
This is the first of two papers that document the creation of the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA). It describes the sensitivity analysis and evaluation procedures that formed the basis for choosing the final setup of the mesoscale model simulations of the wind atlas. The suitable combination of model setup and parameterizations, bound by practical constraints, was found for simulating the climatology of the wind field at turbine-relevant heights with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Initial WRF model sensitivity experiments compared the wind climate generated by using two commonly used planetary boundary layer schemes and were carried out over several regions in Europe. They confirmed that the most significant differences in annual mean wind speed at 100 m a.g.l. (above ground level) mostly coincide with areas of high surface roughness length and not with the location of the domains or maximum wind speed. Then an ensemble of more than 50 simulations with different setups for a single year was carried out for one domain covering northern Europe for which tall mast observations were available. We varied many different parameters across the simulations, e.g. model version, forcing data, various physical parameterizations, and the size of the model domain. These simulations showed that although virtually every parameter change affects the results in some way, significant changes in the wind climate in the boundary layer are mostly due to using different physical parameterizations, especially the planetary boundary layer scheme, the representation of the land surface, and the prescribed surface roughness length. Also, the setup of the simulations, such as the integration length and the domain size, can considerably influence the results. We assessed the degree of similarity between winds simulated by the WRF ensemble members and the observations using a suite of metrics, including the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD), a statistic that measures the distance between two probability distributions. The EMD was used to diagnose the performance of each ensemble member using the full wind speed and direction distribution, which is essential for wind resource assessment. We identified the most realistic ensemble members to determine the most suitable configuration to be used in the final production run, which is fully described and evaluated in the second part of this study (Dörenkämper et al., 2020).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Points to consider for the development of new indications for hormone replacement therapies and estrogen-like molecules. Department of Urogynaecology, King's College Hospital, London
- Author
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J C, Stevenson, U, Gaspard, B, Avouac, C, Bricaire, L, Cardozo, P, Collins, J P, Devogelaer, M, Dören, C, Gennari, J M, Kaufman, F, Kuttenn, J D, Ringe, C, Scarafiotti, L, Vanhaelst, L, Zichella, R, Ziegler, and J Y, Reginster
- Subjects
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Urologic Diseases ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Coronary Disease ,Estrogens ,Female ,Genital Diseases, Female - Published
- 2002
33. Substitution mit Sexualhormonen in der Postmenopause
- Author
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M. Dören
- Abstract
Jede postmenopausale Hormonsubstitution bedarf einer Indikation und deren gelegentlicher Uberprufung. Die regelmasige klinische Uberwachung ermoglicht die Wirkungen der Therapie zu uberprufen, Nebenwirkungen zu erkennen und Modifikationen der Behandlung vorzunehmen. Da heute auch im menschlichen Organismus nicht sezernierte ostrogene sowie synthetische Gestagene in der Hormonsubstitution eingesetzt werden, ware wohl die Bezeichnung Hormontherapie korrekter.
- Published
- 2002
34. Cluster wakes impact on a far-distant offshore wind farm's power
- Author
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J. Schneemann, A. Rott, M. Dörenkämper, G. Steinfeld, and M. Kühn
- Subjects
Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Our aim with this paper was the analysis of the influence of offshore cluster wakes on the power of a far-distant wind farm. We measured cluster wakes with long-range Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) and satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in different atmospheric stabilities and analysed their impact on the 400 MW offshore wind farm Global Tech I in the German North Sea using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) power data. Our results showed clear wind speed deficits that can be related to the wakes of wind farm clusters up to 55 km upstream in stable and weakly unstable stratified boundary layers resulting in a clear reduction in power production. We discussed the influence of cluster wakes on the power production of a far-distant wind farm, cluster wake characteristics and methods for cluster wake monitoring. In conclusion, we proved the existence of wake shadowing effects with resulting power losses up to 55 km downstream and encouraged further investigations on far-reaching wake shadowing effects for optimized areal planning and reduced uncertainties in offshore wind power resource assessment.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Kneipp hydrotherapy for menopausal symptoms - results of a pilot study
- Author
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Bernhard Uehleke, Miriam Ortiz, G. Kundt, M Dören, and Rainer Stange
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Hydrotherapy ,business - Published
- 2010
36. [Basic principles of hormone replacement therapy in the postmenopause]
- Author
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M, Dören
- Subjects
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators ,Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Norpregnenes ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Administration, Oral ,Middle Aged ,Administration, Cutaneous ,United Kingdom ,Postmenopause ,Administration, Intravaginal ,Anabolic Agents ,Estradiol Congeners ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Humans ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Progestins ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Aged - Abstract
17 beta-estradiol, conjugated equine estrogens, esterified estrogens, and estriol constitute postmenopausal replacement therapy, all of which are in clinical use as oral preparations. Non-oral routes--matrix and reservoir patches, gel--were developed for estradiol, as was the intravaginal administration of estriol and estradiol. Daily doses of 1 mg estradiol(valerate) or 25 micrograms estradiol delivered via a patch or 0.5 mg gel or 0.3 mg conjugated equine estrogens are often sufficient to alleviate climacteric symptoms. Bone resorption may be effectively reduced and bone mineral density maintained by 1 mg estradiol or 25 micrograms transdermal estradiol. Maximal bone sparing dosages are 2 mg estradiol, 50 micrograms transdermal estradiol, 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens, and 1.25 mg estrone Estriol, predominantly used for the prevention and or treatment of urogenital symptoms, has no bone sparing effect at the doses in clinical use. Non-oral administration of estradiol may be superior in diabetic women and those with hypertriglyceridemia due to the different metabolism which does not mainly involve the hepatic first pass effect. Epidemiological data do not support any preference of oral versus non-oral routes of administration regarding side-effects such as venous thromboembolism. Progestogens--natural progesterone, derivatives structurally related to progesterone and testosterone, respectively--are necessary for endometrial protection. Sequential use of a progestogen for at least 10 days per month, preferably 12-14 days abolishes the increased incidence of endometrial hyperplasia which is likely to develop with unopposed use of estrogen. Observational studies do not suggest any superiority of a given progestogen regarding cardiovascular risk, prevention of osteoporosis, and cognitive function in postmenopausal women on estrogen replacement therapy. Tibolone, a derivative of norethindrone, is yet another option for replacement therapy. The recommended dose for treatment of climacteric symptoms and prevention of bone loss is 2.5 mg. Controlled clinical studies do not suggest that this compound is superior in achieving amenorrhea compared with continuous combined estrogen progestogen replacement therapy, as available data are inconsistent. In early postmenopause the sequential use of a progestogen in conjunction with an estrogen is the preferred treatment option. With advancing postmenopausal age either continuous combined replacement or tibolone may be choices in case withdrawal bleeding is no longer acceptable for women. However, there are no rigid age limit when to change treatments, the selection of which is largely influenced by the preference of the individual's acceptance of withdrawal bleeding.
- Published
- 2000
37. Resistance of pelvic arteries and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women: comparative study of tibolone and continuous combined estradiol and norethindrone acetate replacement therapy
- Author
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Herjan J.T. Coelingh Bennink, M. Dören, Wolfgang Holzgreve, and Alexander Rübig
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Norpregnenes ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tibolone ,Iliac Artery ,Pelvis ,Anabolic Agents ,Internal medicine ,Blood plasma ,Medicine ,Humans ,Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ,Estradiol ,business.industry ,Uterus ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Hormone replacement therapy (menopause) ,Norethindrone Acetate ,Arteries ,Middle Aged ,Lipids ,Postmenopause ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Estrogen ,Pulsatile Flow ,Vascular resistance ,Female ,Vascular Resistance ,Norethindrone ,business ,Artery ,medicine.drug ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Objective: We sought to compare vascular resistance and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women assigned to tibolone (a synthetic estrogen replacement steroid) therapy or continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Study Design: Pulsatility and resistance indexes in pelvic arteries (color Doppler transvaginal ultrasonography) and lipids were monitored in this double-blind 1-year trial of 100 women randomized to either 2.5 mg tibolone or 2 mg 17β-estradiol plus 1 mg norethindrone acetate daily. Results: Both indexes of the arcuate arteries (uterine arteries) were significantly reduced beyond 3 and 6 months (12 months) from baseline, respectively, by the combined regimen compared with tibolone alone. Tibolone increased the resistance index of arcuate arteries but did not affect uterine arteries. There was no effect of either regimen on the internal iliac arteries. The medians of the percentage changes from baseline of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (triglycerides) were significant between groups after 1 year, as follows: –17% (–16%) in the tibolone group and –4% (+15%) in the combined group, respectively. Both regimens similarly reduced total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein Lp(a). Conclusion: Hormone replacement therapy may induce different or opposite changes of both vascular resistance and lipids. It is unknown whether these findings may modify cardiovascular risk. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:575-82.)
- Published
- 2000
38. Cross-sectional area of lumbar vertebrae in peri- and postmenopausal patients with and without osteoporosis
- Author
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M. Dören, Thomas M. Link, A. Heinecke, Ernst J. Rummeny, G. Lewing, and N. Meier
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone disease ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Osteoporosis ,Dentistry ,Lumbar vertebrae ,Lumbar ,Bone Density ,medicine ,Humans ,Rachis ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Vertebra ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fractures, Spontaneous ,Area Under Curve ,Orthopedic surgery ,Regression Analysis ,Spinal Fractures ,Cortical bone ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the midvertebral area of lumbar vertebrae in osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic female patients and to find out whether the midvertebral area may be used as an additional parameter in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. In 195 peri- and postmenopausal patients (average age 51.7 +/- 5.2 years) trabecular and cortical bone mineral density (BMD) were determined using quantitative CT (QCT) in L2-4. In addition, midvertebral cross-sectional area was measured in a standardized fashion on the CT sections and the height of the second lumbar vertebra was determined on the lateral digital radiographs. Body height and weight were obtained and vertebral fracture status was determined. According to WHO criteria 29 patients (average age 57.2 years) were considered osteoporotic, 93 osteopenic (average age 52.2 years) and 73 normal (average age 48.6 years). Body weight and size did not show significant differences between the individual groups. Average midvertebral area was 1278 +/- 173 mm2 in the osteoporotic patients, 1186 +/- 125 mm2 in the osteopenic patients and 1126 +/- 127 mm2 in the normals. A correlation of r = -0.39 (p0.05) was obtained between BMD and area. Thirty-six of 195 patients showed osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Midvertebral area in these patients was 1266 +/- 171 mm2 versus 1159 +/- 133 mm2 in the nonfractured females (p0.05). We therefore conclude that the lumbar midvertebral area is larger in osteoporotic and osteopenic patients compared with women with normal BMD. In contrast to biomechanical considerations midvertebral area seems not to be suited as an additional measure of bone strength in vivo.
- Published
- 2000
39. Impact on uterine bleeding and endometrial thickness: tibolone compared with continuous combined estradiol and norethisterone acetate replacement therapy
- Author
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Coelingh Bennink Hj, A Rübig, Wolfgang Holzgreve, and M. Dören
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Norpregnenes ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Urology ,Tibolone ,law.invention ,Endosonography ,Anabolic Agents ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Gynecology ,Postmenopausal women ,Estradiol ,business.industry ,Estriol ,Incidence ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Uterine bleeding ,Hormone replacement therapy (menopause) ,Middle Aged ,Norethisterone acetate ,Drug Combinations ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endometrial Hyperplasia ,Vagina ,Female ,Uterine Hemorrhage ,Norethindrone ,business ,medicine.drug ,Tablets - Abstract
Objective To evaluate endometrial thickness and the incidence of uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women using either tibolone 2.5 mg or continuous combined 2 mg estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate (E+NETA) daily as hormone replacement therapy. Design We compared diary records of self-reported uterine bleeding and measurements of endometrial thickness, area, and volume by transvaginal sonography at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months in a 1-year, prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center trial of 100 postmenopausal women aged 46-69 years. Bleeding frequencies and endometrial thickness were assessed by Chi-square tests and analysis of covariance, respectively. Results Self-reported bleeding was significantly less in the tibolone group. Bleeding episodes were reported by 27.7% of women in the tibolone group and by 59.2% in the E+NETA group. The mean number of days with bleeding was 5.8 +/- 27.0 in the tibolone group and 35.6 +/- 58.6 in the E+NETA group. Six women in the tibolone group and seven in the E+NETA group discontinued the study; three in the E+NETA group because of bleeding. The mean endometrial thickness at baseline was 2.56 +/- 0.81 mm in the tibolone group and 2.58 +/- 1.04 mm in the E+NETA group. After 1 year, the corresponding figures were 3.32 +/- 1.58 mm and 3.07 +/- 1.68 mm. Thus, 86% of women in the tibolone group and 93% in the E+NETA group had an endometrial thickness of less than 5 mm. Conclusions Use of tibolone 2.5 mg daily for 1 year was associated with significantly less bleeding and spotting compared with daily continuous combined 2 mg estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate in postmenopausal women in the presence of both minimal and nonprogressive increase of endometrial thickness associated with the two regimens.
- Published
- 1999
40. An assessment of hormone replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis
- Author
-
M. Dören
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Estrone ,Norpregnenes ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Osteoporosis ,Postmenopausal osteoporosis ,Cohort Studies ,Estradiol Congeners ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Hormone replacement therapy ,Estrogen replacement therapy ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Gynecology ,Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ,Estradiol ,business.industry ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Rheumatology ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,business - Published
- 1999
41. Urogenital Ageing and Dermatology
- Author
-
M. Dören
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genitourinary system ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Urinary system ,Urinary incontinence ,Human sexuality ,medicine.disease ,Menopause ,Atrophy ,Hygiene ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,media_common - Abstract
The cessation of ovarian function after menopause is associated with a variety of symptoms from the urogenital tract in many postmenopausal women such as urinary incontinence, urgency, recurrent urinary tract infection, and dyspareunia (OLDENHAVE et al. 1993). The underlying condition is the development of local atrophy of the urethral and vaginal epithelium and their supportive tissues. The gradual increase of these symptoms is age-dependent. Thus, a substantial number of women at very old age are affected. One specific feature attached to this complex set of symptoms frequently referred to as urogenital aging is the influence of personal attitudes and cultural background towards hygiene and sexuality by both menopausal women and health care providers.
- Published
- 1999
42. Editorial
- Author
-
M. Dören
- Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2007
43. Urogenital aging--creation of improved awareness
- Author
-
M. Dören
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Shame ,Embarrassment ,Urogenital System ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,media_common ,Aged ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Genitourinary system ,Taboo ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Estrogens ,Awareness ,Middle Aged ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Feeling ,Vagina ,Female ,business - Abstract
Urogenital aging is given a low priority in the medical community and is an entity not well known to the general public. Many women are not aware of the possible disorders of the lower urinary tract and the vagina because of estrogen deficiency. These changes are perceived often as a normal part of the general aging process not associated with the possibility of medical attention, diagnosis, and treatment. Access to the information that certain urogenital dysfunctions, in particular incontinence, and vaginal discomfort respond to estrogen replacement therapy is not available for every woman. In addition, physicians and patients may hesitate to address these issues because of feelings of shame and embarrassment, feelings commonly encountered and specific for the complex of urogenital aging. Educational efforts and promotion of information with use of various media might help to improve knowledge and remove the taboo attached to urogenital aging in both health care providers and the general public. Thus a better understanding of urogenital aging would be achieved and the potential of estrogen replacement extended.
- Published
- 1998
44. Prenatal diagnosis of a highly undifferentiated brain tumour--a case report and review of the literature
- Author
-
Sevgi Tercanli, Wolfgang Holzgreve, M. Dören, and Filippo Gullotta
- Subjects
Adult ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Prenatal diagnosis ,Ultrasonography, Prenatal ,Central nervous system disease ,Pregnancy ,Glioma ,medicine ,Humans ,Fetal Death ,Genetics (clinical) ,business.industry ,Brain Neoplasms ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Astrocytoma ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,Hydrocephalus ,Fetal Diseases ,Female ,Teratoma ,Differential diagnosis ,business ,Glioblastoma - Abstract
Intracranial tumours, often presenting with progressive hydrocephalus, are rare congenital diseases accounting for 0.5-1.5 per cent of all cases of brain tumours diagnosed during childhood. The differential diagnosis includes vascular malformations, infarctions, and haemorrhages. Sonographic signs suggestive of glioblastoma, teratoma, and astrocytoma do not establish the histological diagnosis, however. We report a case of an undifferentiated fetal glioma detected at 29 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis of an undifferentiated brain tumour was suspected by sonography because of the lack of normal brain structures in conjunction with a diffuse echogenic central lesion and an external hydrocephalus. Because of the very poor prognosis, we induced labour by intravaginal and intravenous administration of prostaglandin E2 and achieved the vaginal delivery of a stillborn child whose head circumference corresponded to 38 weeks of pregnancy. Histological and immunochemical features of this undifferentiated congenital glioma (glioblastoma) are presented.
- Published
- 1997
45. Uterine perfusion and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women on long-term continuous combined estrogen and progestogen replacement
- Author
-
M, Dören, B, Süselbeck, H P, Schneider, and W, Holzgreve
- Subjects
Adult ,Estradiol ,Ovary ,Uterus ,Luteal Phase ,Luteinizing Hormone ,Endometrium ,Corpus Luteum ,Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed ,Gonadotropins, Pituitary ,Humans ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ,Infertility, Female ,Blood Flow Velocity ,Progesterone - Abstract
We assessed the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), peak and average systolic velocities in uterine, arcuate and radial arteries, and endometrial thickness (ET) by transvaginal B mode and color Doppler sonography in patients on continuous combined hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and controls. HRT consisted of 2 mg estradiol, 1 mg estriol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate daily (n = 33) compared to controls, who received none of these (n = 21). Age was 61 +/- 6 and 59 +/- 9 years (mean +/- standard deviation) in the HRT and control groups, respectively. The duration of HRT was 5 +/- 2 years, with a minimum of 1 year. We found that the uterine RI and, to a lesser extent, the uterine PI were significantly lower and the radial peak systolic velocities were significantly higher in the HRT group compared to controls. The highest uterine PI values were measured in controls with the shortest life-time exposure to endogenous estrogens, i.e. late menarcheal age or early menopause. The endometrial thickness of 2.8 +/- 1.8 mm in the HRT group was not significantly different from that in the controls (4.2 +/- 5.6 mm). In conclusion, the alteration in blood flow parameters demonstrated in this study would suggest that the long-term use of continuous oral estradiol 2 mg, estriol 1 mg and norethisterone acetate 1 mg daily is associated with a slight increase of flow in the uterine arteries compared to controls matched for (postmenopausal) age. Endometrial thickness does not increase with duration of use of continuous combined HRT.
- Published
- 1997
46. Are the antioxidative effects of 17 beta-estradiol modified by concomitant administration of a progestin?
- Author
-
M. Dören, J. Schröder, B. Schneider, and M. Oettel
- Subjects
endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Estrone ,Levonorgestrel ,Pharmacology ,In Vitro Techniques ,Valerate ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Drug Administration Schedule ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oral administration ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Climacteric ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Estradiol ,business.industry ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Estradiol valerate ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Middle Aged ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Estrogen ,Ovariectomized rat ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Lipid Peroxidation ,Rabbits ,Progestins ,business ,Progestin ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objective : Estrogens are known to exhibit antioxidative effects. At present little information exists on the influence of co-administered progestins upon this effect. Therefore we investigated the influence of levonorgestrel, a potent antiestrogenic progestin, on the inhibition of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by 17β-estradiol or 17β-estradiol valerate in vitro and ex vivo. Methods : After isolation from blood, the in vitro oxidation of LDL was induced by copper ions and measured continuously by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes. In 21 female ovariectomized White New Zealand rabbits the antioxidative action of 17β-estradiol alone or in combination with levonorgestrel after subcutaneous infusion for 3 days was determined using the copper-induced LDL-oxidation as an endpoint. Eleven postmenopausal women were exposed to sequential estrogen-progestin replacement therapy (day 1–21: 2 mg estradiol valerate/day, day 10–21: 0.15 mg levonorgestrel/day). Blood samples were collected at three times: on day 1, on day 10, on day 22 (after the combination phase). The lag time of ex vivo oxidation of LDL, the plasma estradiol and estrone levels were estimated. Results : In the chosen cell-free system, 17β-estradiol increased the lag time of the LDL-oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Levonorgestrel showed neither pro-oxidative nor antioxidative effects when administered alone in different concentrations. Co-administration of different doses of levonorgestrel did not modify the antioxidative action of estrogen either. The two ex-vivo models confirmed these results. In rabbits the co-administered 19-nortestosterone derivative levonorgestrel did not impair or reverse the estradiol-dependent effect. In postmenopausal women the daily oral administration of levonorgestrel in conjunction with 17β-estradiol valerate did not diminish the antioxidative action of this estrogen given for the first 9 days. Conclusion : The antioxidative potential of estradiol and estradiol valerate is maintained in the presence of levonorgestrel.
- Published
- 1996
47. The impact of different HRT regimens on compliance
- Author
-
M, Dören and H P, Schneider
- Subjects
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Estrogens ,Middle Aged ,Postmenopause ,Endometrium ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,Uterine Hemorrhage ,Atrophy ,Progestins ,Menstruation Disturbances ,Aged - Abstract
Epidemiological data strongly suggest a substantial improvement of quality of life for post-menopausal women using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). Nevertheless, reluctance of women to choose HRT is high. Various attempts to develop regimens with substantially better acceptance are being investigated. Sequential and continuous combined regimens, oral and transdermal routes of administration are available; however, no regimen nor any mode of administration has proven superior with regard to patients' compliance. Research on the specific problems of compliance in HRT has not yet offered solutions to the medical community about optimal conditions concerning long-term hormonal therapy. Unless metabolic profiles of the various modes of treatment are defined in long-term trials, general recommendations are difficult to justify. As long as the occurrence of uterine bleeding is associated with any concept of HRT in non-hysterectomized women, adherence has been reported to be very low. Persisting endometrial atrophy has not been achieved by any type of HRT. New regimens not stimulating endometrial growth are essential, since women in most cultures do not accept uterine bleeding after cessation of ovarian function. Educational programs should be developed to inform women about the physiology of menopause in general and the rationale of HRT. The occurrence of uterine bleeding due to the present types of HRT needs to be specifically addressed. Risk-benefit assessments are to be explained to patients to reach an informed decision on HRT, and fears of women about actual or alleged negative metabolic impacts of HRT need to be discussed.
- Published
- 1996
48. Superior compliance and efficacy of continuous combined oral estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
- Author
-
M. Dören, Helmut W. Minne, Hermann P.G. Schneider, and Gerd Reuther
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ,Gastroenterology ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Bone Density ,Internal medicine ,Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ,medicine ,Medroxyprogesterone acetate ,Humans ,Climacteric ,Analysis of Variance ,Progestogen ,Estradiol ,business.industry ,Estriol ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Estradiol valerate ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Norethisterone acetate ,Surgery ,Menopause ,Estrogen ,Patient Compliance ,Amenorrhea ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,Norethindrone ,business ,medicine.drug ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We assessed compliance, relief of climacteric symptoms, and impact on lumbar bone mineral density in two groups of 140 patients treated with a sequential estrogen-progestogen or a continuous combined replacement therapy in comparison with controls. STUDY DESIGN: Patients were randomized to 2 mg of estradiol valerate daily and 5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate daily for 12 days per month sequentially to induce withdrawal bleeding (group A) or 2 mg of estradiol, 1 mg of estriol, and 1 mg of norethisterone acetate daily continuously to maintain amenorrhea (group B) or a control group (group C). RESULTS: Compliance was 93% after 1 year and 73% after 2 years in group B and 66% and 49% in group A after 1 and 2 years, respectively. Improvement of climacteric symptoms was similar in groups A and B. Uterine bleeding in 24% of patients in group A and 3% in group B was the most frequent reason for discontinuation of drug intake. Only continuous combined therapy (group B) increased bone mineral density after 1 and 2 years compared with baseline: -13% and 17% ( p = 0.01). In groups A and C no significant changes in bone mineral density were recorded. Compliance was unrelated to the age of menopause. CONCLUSION: Continuous combined therapy is superior to sequential estrogen progestogen replacement in compliance and prevention of bone loss but not with regard to relief of climacteric symptoms.
- Published
- 1995
49. [Hormone substitution in climacteric. Position of the German Menopause Society]
- Author
-
H P, Schneider, H, Kuhl, M, Dören, and D, Hesch
- Subjects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Progesterone Congeners ,Germany ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Humans ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Societies, Medical ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Aged ,Climacteric - Published
- 1995
50. [Estrogen substitution in the postmenopause--effect and compliance]
- Author
-
M, Dören
- Subjects
Postmenopause ,Fractures, Spontaneous ,Estrogen Replacement Therapy ,Humans ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,Progestins ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - Abstract
At least one of four women will suffer from osteoporosis with fractures of vertebrae, forearm or hip. Maintenance of bone mass is a crucial argument for long-term estrogen replacement for prophylaxis of osteoporosis. 2 mg estradiol or 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens orally or 50 to 100 micrograms estradiol percutaneously are equally sufficient for prevention of osteoporosis. The additional use of a progestogen in women with intact uterus may support the antiresorptive effects of estrogens. Improvement of patients' compliance-administered today by only 25% of postmenopausal women in Germany through sufficient information upon estrogen replacement therapy provided by the medical community is a rewarding task for physicians and scientists engaged in the field of menopause and prevention of osteoporosis.
- Published
- 1994
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