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Context.The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) is part of the remote sensing instrument package of the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission that will explore the inner heliosphere and observe the Sun from vantage points close to the Sun and out of the ecliptic. Solar Orbiter will advance the “connection science” between solar activity and the heliosphere.Aims.With EUI we aim to improve our understanding of the structure and dynamics of the solar atmosphere, globally as well as at high resolution, and from high solar latitude perspectives.Methods.The EUI consists of three telescopes, the Full Sun Imager and two High Resolution Imagers, which are optimised to image in Lyman-αand EUV (17.4 nm, 30.4 nm) to provide a coverage from chromosphere up to corona. The EUI is designed to cope with the strong constraints imposed by the Solar Orbiter mission characteristics. Limited telemetry availability is compensated by state-of-the-art image compression, onboard image processing, and event selection. The imposed power limitations and potentially harsh radiation environment necessitate the use of novel CMOS sensors. As the unobstructed field of view of the telescopes needs to protrude through the spacecraft’s heat shield, the apertures have been kept as small as possible, without compromising optical performance. This led to a systematic effort to optimise the throughput of every optical element and the reduction of noise levels in the sensor.Results.In this paper we review the design of the two elements of the EUI instrument: the Optical Bench System and the Common Electronic Box. Particular attention is also given to the onboard software, the intended operations, the ground software, and the foreseen data products.Conclusions.The EUI will bring unique science opportunities thanks to its specific design, its viewpoint, and to the planned synergies with the other Solar Orbiter instruments. In particular, we highlight science opportunities brought by the out-of-ecliptic vantage point of the solar poles, the high-resolution imaging of the high chromosphere and corona, and the connection to the outer corona as observed by coronagraphs.

International audience; The Polarized Instrument for Long-wavelength Observation of the Tenuous interstellar medium (PILOT) is a balloon-borne experiment that aims to measure the polarized emission of thermal dust at a wavelength of 240 µm (1.2 THz). A first PILOT flight of the experiment took place from Timmins, Ontario, Canada, in September 2015 and a second flight took place from Alice Springs, Australia in April 2017. In this paper, we present the inflight performance of the instrument. Here we concentrate on the instrument performance as measured during the second flight, but refer to the performance observed during the first flight, if it was significantly different. We present a short description of the instrument and the flights. We measure the time constants of the detectors using the decay of the observed signal during flight following high energy particle impacts (glitches) and switching off the instrument's internal calibration source. We use these time constants to deconvolve the timelines and analyze the optical quality of the instrument as measured on planets. We then analyze the structure and polarization of the instrumental background. We measure the detector response flat field and its time variations using the signal from the residual atmosphere and from the internal calibration source. Finally, we analyze the spectral and temporal properties of the detector noise. The inflight performance is found to be satisfactory and globally in line with expectations from ground calibrations. We conclude by assessing the expected inflight sensitivity of the instrument in light of the measured inflight performance.

PILOT (Polarized Instrument for Long wavelength Observations of the Tenuous interstellar medium) is a balloonborne astronomy experiment designed to study the polarization of dust emission in the diffuse interstellar medium in our Galaxy. The PILOT instrument allows observations at wavelengths 240 μm (1.2THz) with an angular resolution about two arc-minutes. The observations performed during the first flight in September 2015 at Timmins, Ontario Canada, have demonstrated the optical performances of the instrument.

PILOT is a balloon-borne astronomy experiment designed to study the polarization of dust emission in the diffuse interstellar medium in our Galaxy at wavelengths 240 and 550 µm with an angular resolution of about two arc-min. PILOT optics is composed of an off-axis Gregorian telescope and a refractive re-imager system. All these optical elements, except the primary mirror, are in a cryostat cooled to 3K. We used optical and 3D measurements combined with thermo-elastic modeling to perform the optical alignment. This paper describes the system analysis, the alignment procedure, and finally the performances obtained during the first flight in September 2015

International audience; The Polarized Instrument for Long‐wavelength Observation of the Tenuous interstellar medium (PILOT) is a balloon‐borne astronomy experiment designed to study the linear polarization of thermal dust emission in two photometric bands centred at wavelengths 240 mu m (1.2 THz) and 550 mu m (545 GHz), with an angular resolution of a few arcminutes. Several end‐to‐end tests of the instrument were performed on the ground between 2012 and 2014, in order to prepare for the first scientific flight of the experiment that took place in September 2015 from Timmins, Ontario, Canada. This paper presents the results of those tests, focussing on an evaluation of the instrument's optical performance. We quantify image quality across the extent of the focal plane, and describe the tests that we conducted to determine the focal plane geometry, the optimal focus position, and sources of internal straylight. We present estimates of the detector response, obtained using an internal calibration source, and estimates of the background intensity and background polarization.

PILOT is a stratospheric experiment designed to measure the polarization of dust FIR emission, towards the diffuse interstellar medium. The first PILOT flight was carried out from Timmins in Ontario-Canada on September 20th 2015. The flight has been part of a launch campaign operated by the CNES, which has allowed to launch 4 experiments, including PILOT. The purpose of this paper is to describe the performance of the instrument in flight and to perform a first comparison with those achieved during ground tests. The analysis of the flight data is on-going, in particular the identification of instrumental systematic effects, the minimization of their impact and the quantification of their remaining effect on the polarization data. At the end of this paper, we shortly illustrate the quality of the scientific observations obtained during this first flight, at the current stage of systematic effect removal.

Future cosmology space missions will concentrate on measuring the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background, which potentially carries invaluable information about the earliest phases of the evolution of our universe. Such ambitious projects will ultimately be limited by the sensitivity of the instrument and by the accuracy at which polarized foreground emission from our own Galaxy can be subtracted out. We present the PILOT balloon project, which aims at characterizing one of these foreground sources, the polarized continuum emission by dust in the diffuse interstellar medium. The PILOT experiment also constitutes a test-bed for using multiplexed bolometer arrays for polarization measurements. This paper presents the instrument and its expected performances. Performance measured during ground calibrations of the instrument and in flight will be described in a forthcoming paper.

This paper deals with different methods for the manufacturing of near-field optical probes with nanometric aperture. After the wet chemical etching of the fiber, two metallization processes are compared: the well-known thermal evaporation versus the novel arrangement of plasma sputtering. Further, it is reported an original controlled nano-indentation in the smooth softness surface to produce the apex aperture of the tapered fiber. These apertures present thin protrusions, but they show good optical and topographic resolutions. Besides, the probe sensitivity is discussed with respect to the multi- and single-mode of the primary optical fiber for imaging sub-wavelength dimension objects in the collection mode.

The Solar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper (SODISM) on board the PICARD space mission provides wide-field images of the photosphere and chromosphere of the Sun in five narrow pass bands (centered at 215.0, 393.37, 535.7, 607.1, and 782.2 nm). PICARD is a space mission, which was successfully launched on 15 June 2010 into a Sun synchronous dawn-dusk orbit. It represents a European asset aiming at collecting solar observations that can serve to estimate some of the inputs to Earth climate models. The scientific payload consists of the SODISM imager and of two radiometers, SOVAP (SOlar VAriability PICARD) and PREMOS (PREcision MOnitor Sensor), which carry out measurements that allow estimating the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and the Solar Spectral Irradiance (SSI) from the middle ultraviolet to the red. The SODISM telescope monitors solar activity continuously. It thus produces images that can also feed SSI reconstruction models. Further, the objectives of SODISM encompass the probing of the interior of the Sun via helioseismic analysis of observations in intensity (on the solar disc and at the limb), and via astrometric investigations at the limb. The latter addresses especially the spectral dependence of the radial limb shape, and the temporal evolution of the solar diameter and asphericity. After a brief review of its original science objectives, this paper presents the detailed design of the SODISM instrument, its expected performance, and the scheme of its flight operations. Some observations with SODISM are presented and discussed., 37 pages, 14 figures, more information at http://picard.projet.latmos.ipsl.fr/

A strong tensile strain (1% biaxial) is applied to germanium microdisks using silicon nitride stressors. Both Fabry-Perot and whispering gallery modes are observed with quality factors up to 1350 limited by free carrier absorption.

Introduction La memoire autobiographique (Mau), composante fondamentale de la memoire humaine, permet de conserver des souvenirs du passe propre a chaque individu. Cette memoire est alteree dans la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA). Objectifs −explorer la Mau chez des patients presentant un deficit cognitif leger (MCI), sujets potentiellement a risque de developper une MA. −etudier les processus cognitifs sous-tendant cette memoire. Methodes Quatorze sujets MCI (score MMS moyen = 26) et 14 sujets controles apparies en âge ont ete soumis a un bilan neuropsychologique detaille ainsi qu’a une evaluation de leur memoire autobiographique au moyen d’une epreuve standard utilisant un materiel verbal (Kopelman, 1989) et d’une epreuve experimentale utilisant un materiel visuel (15 photos familieres recueillies aupres des conjoints). Ces deux epreuves exploraient les 3 memes periodes de vie (enfance, milieu de vie et periode recente). Resultats −Les sujets MCI ont obtenu des performances statistiquement inferieures a celles des sujets controles aux 2 tests de Mau, quelle que soit la periode de vie evaluee. −Pour les sujets MCI, des correlations significatives ont ete retrouvees d’une part entre le test de Kopelman et des epreuves mnesiques explorant les capacites de rappel et d’autre part entre le test des photos familieres et des epreuves explorant la memoire de reconnaissance. Discussion Nous avons mis en evidence des troubles de la Mau chez des sujets potentiellement a risque de developper une MA. Cette atteinte est en lien pour certains sujets avec des troubles de la recuperation et pour d’autres avec des troubles de la consolidation. Ceci amene a discuter du lien entre memoire episodique touchee precocement chez les MCI et Mau. Conclusion Cette etude est la premiere qui a mis en evidence une atteinte de la Mau dans le MCI en lien avec une atteinte differentielle des processus cognitifs sous-tendant cette memoire.

After the disinfection by ethylene oxide and storage by ethylene oxide in definite conditions of 16 spices (parsley, chervil, tarragone, chive, thyme, rosemary, coriander, nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, allspices, clove, pepper), the authors observed the fast loss of residual ethylene oxide and ethyleneglycol. On the contrary, the persistence of 2-chloroethanol was followed up for 6 months. They turn their attention to the toxicity of this compound to ensure the protection of customers.

This is made without using hydrofluoric acid. The dissolution of silicas is carried out by ammonium fluoride in aqueous solution with potassium chloride. The potassium fluosilicate obtained is then isolated; its mass corresponds to 3,666 x SiO2. The values obtained corroborate the validity of this method.

Concerning combinaisons of ethylene oxide with any gums. The combinaisons of ethylene oxide are determined with any gums: tragacanthe, arabic, ceratonia, guar and sterculia. Among the stable compounds obtained with the gums sterculia, the author make mention of chloro-2 éthanol and ethyleneglycol.

The determination of carbon dioxide in carbonato-apatites is carried out a new gasometric method. Its application, in this paper, concerns the bones of skull and mandibles of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea borealis) and Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The results lead to appreciable differences between some organs of this two species.

The mutagenic activity of the condensates from oxydative pyrolysis of various polyamides at 500, 800 and 1,000 degrees C has been searched for by AMES preincubation test in strains TA 98 and TA 100 with or without metabolic activation by an Aroclor 1254 induced rat liver microsomal S9mix fraction. All condensates are mutagenic in the presence of this fraction and most of them are far less or not mutagenic in the absence of S9mix. Strain TA 98 is more sensitive than strain TA 100 for detecting the mutagenic activity of these condensates. So, they mainly contain indirect mutagenic substances responsible for frameshift mutation. In all cases, mutagenic activity is maximum at 800 degrees C. This observation should draw the attention upon the genotoxic (carcinogenic) long term risk induced by thermal decomposition of plastics and then upon the necessary protection of firemen and others in charge of domestic or hospital solid waste incineration.

On combinations of borotungstic acid with nitrogenous compounds. Under definite conditions, these combinations are borotungstates of quinine, cinchonine, cinchonidine, brucine, strychnine, morphine, sparteine, pilocarpine, nicotine, stovaine, procaine, choline and acetylcholine. Their composition is probably variable according to the pH (ex.: procaïne).

Les gaz occlus dans les laves des trois principales phases emissives de l’eruption de l’Ardoukoba (du 8 au 15 novembre 1978) sont analyses par spectrometrie de masse. Ces analyses concernent a la fois les phenocristaux de plagioclase et la mesostase microcristalline. Les fluides sont liberes principalement entre 500°C et 1200°C; il s’agit de H2O, CO2, CO, N2, SO2, ClH, H2, CH4 ainsi que des traces d’hydrocarbures et d’H2S. La quantite totale de fluides est inferieure a 0.3–0.4% en poids de l’echantillon avec environ 0.1–0.15% en poids d’H2O. Il n’apparait pas de difference significative entre les trois phases emissives. Les phenocristaux de plagioclase renferment moins de fluides que la mesostase (∼2/3). Les gaz pieges dans ces phenocristaux de plagioclase sont plus riches en CO et en composes organiques alors que la mesostase contient plus d’H2O, de CO2 et de SO2.

Resume L'oxydation vanadique de la methoxy-6 quinoleine montre la possibilite de la formation d'un complexe initial entre le cation vanadique VO + 2 et l'oxygene ether-oxyde. Louverture de la molecule au niveau de l'homocycle conduit alors principalement a l'acide pyridone-2 carboxylique-3. Dans le cas de la quinine ou de la mefloxine, l'attaque initiale se situe preferentiellement au niveau de la fonction alcool secondaire qui permet dans un premier temps, la formation d'acides quinoleine carboxyliques-4. Le derive acide provenant de la mefloquine est, contrairement a celui de la quinine, totalement resistant a l'oxydation vanadique, et cette propriete permet une consommation reproductible de reactif et l'etablissement d'un dosage simple de ce nouvel antimalarique.

Trois echantillons de quartz de roches volcaniques acides contenant des inclusions vitreuses sont etudies. L’analyse chimique des elements majeurs a la microsonde electronique des verres inclus et l’etusde du comportament physique de ceux-ci sous le microscope de chauffe suggerent, pour deux echantillons, la presence d’elements volatils dissous. Les gaz extraits par pyrolyse, sous vide, des cristaux sont caracterises par spectometrie de masse: il s’agit d’H2O, CO2, CO. etc. L’echantillon degageant le plus de CO, s’est avere contenir en plus des inclusions vitreuses des inclusions gazeuses qui ont ete etudiees par cryoscopie Les resultats sont discutes, les possibilites de reactions secondaires et les differents sites a l’origine des gaz (verre, dislocations, sousjoints de grain et lacunes du mineral) sont envisages.

L’etude des gaz volcaniques occlus dans les bombes a permis d’etudier l’evolution de la phase gazeuse au cours d’une eruption; cette evolution semble coherente et liee au type du dynamisme eruptif. Les gaz, issus directement des profondeurs au debut de l’eruption, evoluent au cours du deroulement de l’activite vers une contamination de plus en plus grande par le milieu environnant. Le bombes volcaniques semblent constituer actuellement le moyen le plus fiable d’obtenir des echantillons de gaz eruptifs peu contamines par l’air atmospherique. Une etude systematique des gaz occlus, en particulier des monoxyde et dioxyde de carbone, de l’hydrogene et de l’acide chlorhydrique. dans les bombes volcaniques emises au debut d’une eruption du type de celle du Piton de la Fournaise, devrait permettre de prevoir la suite du deroulement, a court terme, de l’activite.

A partir de la determination directe du facteur d'enrichissement par une methode nouvelle adaptee a l'etude des gaz, l'influence sur celui-ci de la temperature et du pompage du separateur, de la quantite injectee et du debit dans la colonne a ete etudiee.

During the 1972 Midlante* cruise of the RV Jean Charcot to survey a limited area of the rift valley south of the Azores, a dredge (CH-DR11) was taken at a depth of 1,360 fathoms in a depression near the foot of the eastern wall at latitude 36° 49.3' N and longitude 33° 15' W. Two types of rocks were recognized from their structure and their degree of weathering. One type is "slab-like" rock, 2 to 13 cm in diameter and 1 to 2 cm thick (Fig. la and b). The other type of rock consists of oval glassy pebbles (1 to 5 cm in diameter, Fig. 1c) which were observed to jump and explode, one or two at a time, for 3 d after the dredge haul was emptied on to the deck of the ship. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]

Summary The chicken digestive tract is mainly colonized by bacteria belonging to the Lactobacillus genus. One of these strains (LEM-207) isolated from the crop of a cock and closely resembling L. acidophilus, was able to develop on a carbohydrate-free medium. Production of carbon dioxide and synthesis of tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine were observed in the cultures. Once implanted in the crops of germ-free chickens, strain LEM-207 led to the formation of amines. In germ-free (axenic) animals, only endogenous tyramine was detected, whereas in monoassociated chickens, we found a production of tyramine, cadaverine and putrescine. The concentrations of cadaverine and putrescine decreased with increasing acidification of the contents, whereas the level of tyramine increased (7-fold higher level than in germ-free chicken). Amine production was not detected in the c˦ca. The toxicological aspects of tyramine production in terms of the animal are discussed.

The chicken digestive tract is mainly colonized by bacteria belonging to the Lactobacillus genus. One of these strains (LEM-207) isolated from the crop of a cock and closely resembling L. acidophilus, was able to develop on a carbohydrate-free medium. Production of carbon dioxide and synthesis of tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine were observed in the cultures. Once implanted in the crops of germ-free chickens, strain LEM-207 led to the formation of amines. In germ-free (axenic) animals, only endogenous tyramine was detected, whereas in monoassociated chickens, we found a production of tyramine, cadaverine and putrescine. The concentrations of cadaverine and putrescine decreased with increasing acidification of the contents, whereas the level of tyramine increased (7-fold higher level than in germ-free chicken). Amine production was not detected in the caeca. The toxicological aspects of tyramine production in terms of the animal are discussed.

The classification of harmful gases may be envisaged in various ways according to the criteria considered. The two aspects adopted here concern chemical and toxicological classifications. Chemical classification is in general based upon the nature of the elements constituting the gases, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, halogen compounds and halogenated compounds, etc. Toxicological classification is envisaged on the basis of the concepts of toxicity itself. It may then be used to establish the scale of its degree based upon two principal factors: concentration and duration of exposure. However, certain observations suggest complex intoxication phenomena related to an overall number of factors which are generally considered in isolation.